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  • How do I define my own operators in the Io programming language?

    - by klep
    I'm trying to define my own operator in Io, and I'm having a hard time. I have an object: MyObject := Object clone do( lst := list() !! := method(n, lst at(n)) ) But when I call it, like this: x := MyObject clone do(lst appendSeq(list(1, 2, 3))) x !! 2 But I get an exception that argument 0 to at must not be nil. How can I fix?

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  • Using Google to find programming answers (does locale matter)?

    - by Jason
    I have overseas developers working for me, and sometimes I am surprised they can't find the same resources online that I do. They are in a South America country... and Google defaults to their language/locale. What do you think about this, when using it to solve computer programs? There is very little software development done in their country (as compared to the US). Is Google skewing their results for articles in their language or posted on sites that are local to them? Should I insist that they bypass their local Google search and have them use the US version?

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  • Where can I find a compact programming keyboard with logical key placement?

    - by Lefler
    I recently, at the order of my chiropractor, bought a laptop stand to elevate my screen. A result of this is that I need a standalone keyboard. Normal keyboards have numeric keypads on the right side, which moves my mouse further to the right... not an optimal position chiropractically speaking. I don't use the numeric keypad, but all the compact keyboards I can find use some random placement algorithm on the arrow, page up/down, and most importantly -- the insert,delete,home and end keys. Those misplaced keys are crippling my code entry. Does anyone know of a keyboard that is minus the keypad, but places those VERY IMPORTANT keys in a more standard position?

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  • having an issue about the output in c programming ..

    - by user2985811
    i'm having a problem on running the output after putting the input.. the output doesn't show after i put the variables and i don't know how to set the code .. so if you guys could help me with this, that would be grateful.. #include <stdio.h> #include <conio.h> int read_temps (float temps[]); int hot_days (int numOfTemp, float temps[]); int printf_temps (int numOfTemp, float temps[], int numOfHotDays); int main (void) { int index = 0; float tempVal; float temps[31]; int numOfTemp, numOfHotDays; do { printf ("Enter the temperature:"); scanf ("%f", &tempVal); if (tempVal!=-500.0) { temps[index] = tempVal; index++; } } while (tempVal != -500.0); return ; { int i; int count = 0; for (i = 0; i < numOfTemp; i++) { if (temps[i] > 32.0) count++; } return count; } { float sum = 0.0; int i; printf ("\nInput Temperatures:"); printf ("\n-------------------------"); for (i = 0;i < numOfTemp; i++) { printf ("\nDay %d : %.2fF", i+1, temps[i]); sum = sum + temps[i]; } printf ("\nNumber of Hot Days : %d", numOfHotDays); printf ("\nAverage Temperature: %.2f", sum/numOfTemp); } { clrscr (); numOfTemp = read_temps (temps); numOfHotDays = hot_days (numOfTemp, temps); clrscr (); printf_temps (numOfTemp, temps, numOfHotDays); getch (); } }

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  • Problem with Variable Scoping in Rebol's Object

    - by Rebol Tutorial
    I have modified the rebodex app so that it can be called from rebol's console any time by typing rebodex. To show the title of the app, I need to store it in app-title: system/script/header/title so tha it could be used later in view/new/title dex reform [self/app-title version] That works but as you can see I have named the var name "app-title", but if I use "title" instead, the window caption would show weird stuff (vid code). Why ? REBOL [ Title: "Rebodex" Date: 23-May-2010 Version: 2.1.1 File: %rebodex.r Author: "Carl Sassenrath" Modification: "Rebtut" Purpose: "A simple but useful address book contact database." Email: %carl--rebol--com library: [ level: 'intermediate platform: none type: 'tool domain: [file-handling DB GUI] tested-under: none support: none license: none see-also: none ] ] rebodex.context: context [ app-title: system/script/header/title version: system/script/header/version set 'rebodex func[][ names-path: %names.r ;data file name-list: none fields: [name company title work cell home car fax web email smail notes updat] names: either exists? names-path [load names-path][ [[name "Carl Sassenrath" title "Founder" company "REBOL Technologies" email "%carl--rebol--com" web "http://www.rebol.com"]] ] brws: [ if not empty? web/text [ if not find web/text "http://" [insert web/text "http://"] error? try [browse web/text] ] ] dial: [request [rejoin ["Dial number for " name/text "? (Not implemented.)"] "Dial" "Cancel"]] dex-styles: stylize [ lab: label 60x20 right bold middle font-size 11 btn: button 64x20 font-size 11 edge [size: 1x1] fld: field 200x20 font-size 11 middle edge [size: 1x1] inf: info font-size 11 middle edge [size: 1x1] ari: field wrap font-size 11 edge [size: 1x1] with [flags: [field tabbed]] ] dex-pane1: layout/offset [ origin 0 space 2x0 across styles dex-styles lab "Name" name: fld bold return lab "Title" title: fld return lab "Company" company: fld return lab "Email" email: fld return lab "Web" brws web: fld return lab "Address" smail: ari 200x72 return lab "Updated" updat: inf 200x20 return ] 0x0 updat/flags: none dex-pane2: layout/offset [ origin 0 space 2x0 across styles dex-styles lab "Work #" dial work: fld 140 return lab "Home #" dial home: fld 140 return lab "Cell #" dial cell: fld 140 return lab "Alt #" dial car: fld 140 return lab "Fax #" fax: fld 140 return lab "Notes" notes: ari 140x72 return pad 136x1 btn "Close" #"^q" [store-entry save-file unview] ] 0x0 dex: layout [ origin 8x8 space 0x1 styles dex-styles srch: fld 196x20 bold across rslt: list 180x150 [ nt: txt 178x15 middle font-size 11 [ store-entry curr: cnt find-name nt/text update-entry unfocus show dex ] ] supply [ cnt: count + scroll-off face/text: "" face/color: snow if not n: pick name-list cnt [exit] face/text: select n 'name face/font/color: black if curr = cnt [face/color: system/view/vid/vid-colors/field-select] ] sl: slider 16x150 [scroll-list] return return btn "New" #"^n" [new-name] btn "Del" #"^d" [delete-name unfocus update-entry search-all show dex] btn "Sort" [sort names sort name-list show rslt] return at srch/offset + (srch/size * 1x0) bx1: box dex-pane1/size bx2: box dex-pane2/size return ] bx1/pane: dex-pane1/pane bx2/pane: dex-pane2/pane rslt/data: [] this-name: first names name-list: copy names curr: none search-text: "" scroll-off: 0 srch/feel: make srch/feel [ redraw: func [face act pos][ face/color: pick face/colors face system/view/focal-face if all [face = system/view/focal-face face/text search-text] [ search-text: copy face/text search-all if 1 = length? name-list [this-name: first name-list update-entry show dex] ] ] ] update-file: func [data] [ set [path file] split-path names-path if not exists? path [make-dir/deep path] write names-path data ] save-file: has [buf] [ buf: reform [{REBOL [Title: "Name Database" Date:} now "]^/[^/"] foreach n names [repend buf [mold n newline]] update-file append buf "]" ] delete-name: does [ remove find/only names this-name if empty? names [append-empty] save-file new-name ] clean-names: function [][n][ forall names [ if any [empty? first names none? n: select first names 'name empty? n][ remove names ] ] names: head names ] search-all: function [] [ent flds] [ clean-names clear name-list flds: [name] either empty? search-text [insert name-list names][ foreach nam names [ foreach word flds [ if all [ent: select nam word find ent search-text][ append/only name-list nam break ] ] ] ] scroll-off: 0 sl/data: 0 resize-drag scroll-list curr: none show [rslt sl] ] new-name: does [ store-entry clear-entry search-all append-empty focus name ; update-entry ] append-empty: does [append/only names this-name: copy []] find-name: function [str][] [ foreach nam names [ if str = select nam 'name [ this-name: nam break ] ] ] store-entry: has [val ent flag] [ flag: 0 if not empty? trim name/text [ foreach word fields [ val: trim get in get word 'text either ent: select this-name word [ if ent val [insert clear ent val flag: flag + 1] ][ if not empty? val [repend this-name [word copy val] flag: flag + 1] ] if flag = 1 [flag: 2 updat/text: form now] ] if not zero? flag [save-file] ] ] update-entry: does [ foreach word fields [ insert clear get in get word 'text any [select this-name word ""] ] show rslt ] clear-entry: does [ clear-fields bx1 clear-fields bx2 updat/text: form now unfocus show dex ] show-names: does [ clear rslt/data foreach n name-list [ if n/name [append rslt/data n/name] ] show rslt ] scroll-list: does [ scroll-off: max 0 to-integer 1 + (length? name-list) - (100 / 16) * sl/data show rslt ] do resize-drag: does [sl/redrag 100 / max 1 (16 * length? name-list)] center-face dex new-name focus srch show-names view/new/title dex reform [app-title version] insert-event-func [ either all [event/type = 'close event/face = dex][ store-entry unview ][event] ] do-events ] ]

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  • Toggle visibility of DIV based on Dropdown

    - by user1869787
    I have never used Javascript before, only HTML and CSS. I am attempting to have my information show only when selected from my drop down. I don't know any Javascript so any help would be overly appreciated. This is my html so far: <!DOCTYPE HTML> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>Gone Fishin'</title> <link href="finale.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css"> </head> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="nav"> <ul> <li><a href="Index.html">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="Species.html">List by Species</a></li> <li><a href="County.html">List by County</a></li> <li><a href="apply.html">Reservations</a></li> </ul> </div> <body> <div id="content"> <p>ontent</p> <fieldset> <legend>Choose your Target</legend> <select name="option" id="options"> <option value=""></option> <option value="1">American Shad</option> <option value="2">Black Crappie</option> <option value="3">Bluegill</option> <option value="4">Brook Trout</option> <option value="5">Brown Trout</option> <option value="6">Carp</option> <option value="7">Chain Pickerel</option> <option value="8">Channel Catfish</option> <option value="9">Flathead Catfish</option> <option value="10">Largemouth Bass</option> <option value="11">Muskellunge</option> <option value="12">Norhtern Pike</option> <option value="13">Pumkpinseed</option> <option value="14">Rainbow Trout</option> <option value="15">Readbreast Sunfish</option> <option value="16">Rock Bass</option> <option value="17">Sauger</option> <option value="18">Saugeye</option> <option value="19">Smallmouth Bass</option> <option value="20">Steelhead</option> <option value="21">Striped Bass</option> <option value="22">Walleye</option> <option value="23">White Bass</option> <option value="24">White Crappie</option> <option value="25">White Perch</option> <option value="26">Yellow Perch</option> </select> <div id="option"> <div id="1" style="display: block">Test 1</div> <div id="2">Test 2</div> <div id="3">Test 3</div> <div id="4">Test 4</div> <div id="5">Test 5</div> </div> </fieldset> </div> </body> </div> </html> And this is my CSS: @charset "utf-8"; /* CSS Document */ /*General Styles*/ * {font-family:Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif;} #wrapper {width:85%; margin:auto; background-color:#00CC00;} /*End of General Styles*/ /* nav div styles */ #nav {background-color:#FF0000; text-align:center;} #nav ul li {display:inline-block; background-color: #67e667; border:5px dashed; width: 90px text-align:center;} #nav ul li a:link {background-color:#a60000; width: 90px;} #nav ul li a:visited {background-color: #009999;} #nav ul li a:hover {background-color: #a64b00;} /* end nav styles */ /* content div styles*/ #content {padding: 5px;} #option {display:none;} /*end content styles*/ /*start form styles*/ fieldset {background-color:#ff7400; color:white} label {display:inline-block; width: 150px; float:left; margin-right: 3px;} #form li{margin-bottom:10px;} #dtg li{margin-bottom:5px;} Thank you for any help received

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  • Best practice for making code portable for domains, subdomains or directores

    - by Duopixel
    I recently coded something where it wasn't known if the end code would reside in a subdomain (http://user.domain.com/) or in a subdomain (http://domain.com/user), and I was lost as to the best practice for these unknown scenarios. I could thinks of a couple: Use absolute paths (/css/styles.css) and modrewrite if it ends up being /user Have a settings file and declare a variable with the path (<? php echo $domain . "/css/styles" ?>) Use relative paths (../css/styles.css). What is the best way to handle this?

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  • Dojox grid having problem with Contentpane

    - by ice
    the grid appears properly on template's first loading. But when you click the paging button to load flooders.php thru list_result1() only the paging buttons will appear. I already tested the flooders.php outside the template and it works properly. what seems to be the problem? and what are the tools that i can use to see if the javascript is loading properly because i think the error console of ff browser which i use to track errors won't give you that much info when you are working with contentpane. thanks! ice note: below are the codes... ** from contentpane js function list_result1(){ args=""; uri = "flooders.php" + args; dojo.xhrGet( { url: uri, handleAs: "text", timeout: 500, // Time in milliseconds load: function(response, ioArgs) { //alert(response); dojo.byId("flooders_table").innerHTML = response; return response; }, // The ERROR function will be called in an error case. error: function(response, ioArgs) { console.error("HTTP status code: ", ioArgs.xhr.status); return response; } }); //end of dojo.xhrGet } **flooders.php starts here*** @import "js/dojo-0.9.0/dojo/resources/dojo.css"; @import "js/dojo-0.9.0/dijit/themes/tundra/tundra.css"; @import "js/dojo-0.9.0/dijit/themes/tundra/tundra_rtl.css"; @import "css/ash.css"; @import "js/dojo-0.9.0/dojox/grid/resources/Grid.css"; @import "js/dojo-0.9.0/dojox/grid/resources/tundraGrid.css"; @import "js/dojo-0.9.0/dojo/resources/dojo.css"; @import "js/dojo-0.9.0/dijit/tests/css/dijitTests.css"; .dojoxGridRowEditing td { background-color: #F4FFF4; } .dojoxGrid input, .dojoxGrid select, .dojoxGrid textarea { margin: 0; padding: 0; border-style: none; width: 100%; font-size: 100%; font-family: inherit; } .dojoxGrid input { } .dojoxGrid select { } .dojoxGrid textarea { } #controls { padding: 0px 0; } #controls button { margin-left: 10px; } .myGrid { width: 550px; height: 230px; margin-left: 20px; /* border: 1px solid silver; */ } echo " // it has script heading here (function(){ // some sample data // global var 'data' data = { identifier: 'id', label: 'id', items: [] }; data_list = [ $banlist ]; var rows = $listnum ; var x=1; for(var i=0, l=data_list.length; i // global var 'test_store' test_store = new dojo.data.ItemFileWriteStore({data: data}); })(); // it has ending here "; ?   -- here's the javascript dojo.require("dijit.TitlePane"); dojo.require("dijit.dijit"); dojo.require("dojox.grid.DataGrid"); dojo.require("dojo.data.ItemFileWriteStore"); dojo.require("dojo.parser"); // scan page for widgets and instantiate them dojo.require("dijit.layout.LayoutContainer"); dojo.require("dijit.layout.AccordionContainer"); dojo.require("dijit.layout.ContentPane"); dojo.require("dijit.layout.TabContainer"); dojo.require("dijit.Editor"); dojo.require("dijit._editor.plugins.AlwaysShowToolbar"); dojo.require("dijit._editor.plugins.LinkDialog"); //this must be inlcuded below function() selectCell = { styles: 'text-align: center;', type: dojox.grid.cells.Select }; gridLayout = { defaultCell: { width: 5, styles: 'text-align: right;' }, rows: [ [ { name: 'Mark', width: 3, field: 'col1', editable: true, styles: 'text-align: center;', type: dojox.grid.cells.Bool }, { name: 'Id', width: 3, field: 'id' , editable: false }, { name: 'Username', field: 'col2', editable: false, styles: '', width: '70%' }, { name: 'Reason', field: 'col3', editable: false , styles: '', width: '100%' }, { name: 'Date Banned', field: 'col4', editable: false , styles: '', width: '70%' } ] ] };

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  • Novo Suporte para Combinação e Minificação de Arquivos JavaScript e CSS (Série de posts sobre a ASP.NET 4.5)

    - by Leniel Macaferi
    Este é o sexto post de uma série de posts que estou escrevendo sobre a ASP.NET 4.5. Os próximos lançamentos do .NET e Visual Studio incluem vários novos e ótimos recursos e capacidades. Com a ASP.NET 4.5 você vai ver um monte de melhorias realmente emocionantes em formulários da Web ( Web Forms ) e MVC - assim como no núcleo da base de código da ASP.NET, no qual estas tecnologias são baseadas. O post de hoje cobre um pouco do trabalho que estamos realizando para adicionar suporte nativo para combinação e minificação de arquivos JavaScript e CSS dentro da ASP.NET - o que torna mais fácil melhorar o desempenho das aplicações. Este recurso pode ser utilizado por todas as aplicações ASP.NET, incluindo tanto a ASP.NET MVC quanto a ASP.NET Web Forms. Noções básicas sobre Combinação e Minificação Como mais e mais pessoas usando dispositivos móveis para navegar na web, está se tornando cada vez mais importante que os websites e aplicações que construímos tenham um bom desempenho neles. Todos nós já tentamos carregar sites em nossos smartphones - apenas para, eventualmente, desistirmos em meio à frustração porque os mesmos são carregados lentamente através da lenta rede celular. Se o seu site/aplicação carrega lentamente assim, você está provavelmente perdendo clientes em potencial por causa do mau desempenho/performance. Mesmo com máquinas desktop poderosas, o tempo de carregamento do seu site e o desempenho percebido podem contribuir enormemente para a percepção do cliente. A maioria dos websites hoje em dia são construídos com múltiplos arquivos de JavaScript e CSS para separar o código e para manter a base de código coesa. Embora esta seja uma boa prática do ponto de vista de codificação, muitas vezes isso leva a algumas consequências negativas no tocante ao desempenho geral do site. Vários arquivos de JavaScript e CSS requerem múltiplas solicitações HTTP provenientes do navegador - o que pode retardar o tempo de carregamento do site.  Exemplo Simples A seguir eu abri um site local no IE9 e gravei o tráfego da rede usando as ferramentas do desenvolvedor nativas do IE (IE Developer Tools) que podem ser acessadas com a tecla F12. Como mostrado abaixo, o site é composto por 5 arquivos CSS e 4 arquivos JavaScript, os quais o navegador tem que fazer o download. Cada arquivo é solicitado separadamente pelo navegador e retornado pelo servidor, e o processo pode levar uma quantidade significativa de tempo proporcional ao número de arquivos em questão. Combinação A ASP.NET está adicionando um recurso que facilita a "união" ou "combinação" de múltiplos arquivos CSS e JavaScript em menos solicitações HTTP. Isso faz com que o navegador solicite muito menos arquivos, o que por sua vez reduz o tempo que o mesmo leva para buscá-los. A seguir está uma versão atualizada do exemplo mostrado acima, que tira vantagem desta nova funcionalidade de combinação de arquivos (fazendo apenas um pedido para JavaScript e um pedido para CSS): O navegador agora tem que enviar menos solicitações ao servidor. O conteúdo dos arquivos individuais foram combinados/unidos na mesma resposta, mas o conteúdo dos arquivos permanece o mesmo - por isso o tamanho do arquivo geral é exatamente o mesmo de antes da combinação (somando o tamanho dos arquivos separados). Mas note como mesmo em uma máquina de desenvolvimento local (onde a latência da rede entre o navegador e o servidor é mínima), o ato de combinar os arquivos CSS e JavaScript ainda consegue reduzir o tempo de carregamento total da página em quase 20%. Em uma rede lenta a melhora de desempenho seria ainda maior. Minificação A próxima versão da ASP.NET também está adicionando uma nova funcionalidade que facilita reduzir ou "minificar" o tamanho do download do conteúdo. Este é um processo que remove espaços em branco, comentários e outros caracteres desnecessários dos arquivos CSS e JavaScript. O resultado é arquivos menores, que serão enviados e carregados no navegador muito mais rapidamente. O gráfico a seguir mostra o ganho de desempenho que estamos tendo quando os processos de combinação e minificação dos arquivos são usados ??em conjunto: Mesmo no meu computador de desenvolvimento local (onde a latência da rede é mínima), agora temos uma melhoria de desempenho de 40% a partir de onde originalmente começamos. Em redes lentas (e especialmente com clientes internacionais), os ganhos seriam ainda mais significativos. Usando Combinação e Minificação de Arquivos dentro da ASP.NET A próxima versão da ASP.NET torna realmente fácil tirar proveito da combinação e minificação de arquivos dentro de projetos, possibilitando ganhos de desempenho como os que foram mostrados nos cenários acima. A forma como ela faz isso, te permite evitar a execução de ferramentas personalizadas/customizadas, como parte do seu processo de construção da aplicação/website - ao invés disso, a ASP.NET adicionou suporte no tempo de execução/runtime para que você possa executar a combinação/minificação dos arquivos dinamicamente (cacheando os resultados para ter certeza de que a performance seja realmente satisfatória). Isto permite uma experiência de desenvolvimento realmente limpa e torna super fácil começar a tirar proveito destas novas funcionalidades. Vamos supor que temos um projeto simples com 4 arquivos JavaScript e 6 arquivos CSS: Combinando e Minificando os Arquivos CSS Digamos que você queira referenciar em uma página todas as folhas de estilo que estão dentro da pasta "Styles" mostrada acima. Hoje você tem que adicionar múltiplas referências para os arquivos CSS para obter todos eles - o que se traduziria em seis requisições HTTP separadas: O novo recurso de combinação/minificação agora permite que você combine e minifique todos os arquivos CSS da pasta Styles - simplesmente enviando uma solicitação de URL para a pasta (neste caso, "styles"), com um caminho adicional "/css" na URL. Por exemplo:    Isso fará com que a ASP.NET verifique o diretório, combine e minifique os arquivos CSS que estiverem dentro da pasta, e envie uma única resposta HTTP para o navegador com todo o conteúdo CSS. Você não precisa executar nenhuma ferramenta ou pré-processamento para obter esse comportamento. Isso te permite separar de maneira limpa seus estilos em arquivos CSS separados e condizentes com cada funcionalidade da aplicação mantendo uma experiência de desenvolvimento extremamente limpa - e mesmo assim você não terá um impacto negativo de desempenho no tempo de execução da aplicação. O designer do Visual Studio também vai honrar a lógica de combinação/minificação - assim você ainda terá uma experiência WYSWIYG no designer dentro VS. Combinando e Minificando os Arquivos JavaScript Como a abordagem CSS mostrada acima, se quiséssemos combinar e minificar todos os nossos arquivos de JavaScript em uma única resposta, poderíamos enviar um pedido de URL para a pasta (neste caso, "scripts"), com um caminho adicional "/js":   Isso fará com que a ASP.NET verifique o diretório, combine e minifique os arquivos com extensão .js dentro dele, e envie uma única resposta HTTP para o navegador com todo o conteúdo JavaScript. Mais uma vez - nenhuma ferramenta customizada ou etapas de construção foi necessária para obtermos esse comportamento. Este processo funciona em todos os navegadores. Ordenação dos Arquivos dentro de um Pacote Por padrão, quando os arquivos são combinados pela ASP.NET, eles são ordenados em ordem alfabética primeiramente, exatamente como eles são mostrados no Solution Explorer. Em seguida, eles são automaticamente reorganizados de modo que as bibliotecas conhecidas e suas extensões personalizadas, tais como jQuery, MooTools e Dojo sejam carregadas antes de qualquer outra coisa. Assim, a ordem padrão para a combinação dos arquivos da pasta Scripts, como a mostrada acima será: jquery-1.6.2.js jquery-ui.js jquery.tools.js a.js Por padrão, os arquivos CSS também são classificados em ordem alfabética e depois são reorganizados de forma que o arquivo reset.css e normalize.css (se eles estiverem presentes na pasta) venham sempre antes de qualquer outro arquivo. Assim, o padrão de classificação da combinação dos arquivos da pasta "Styles", como a mostrada acima será: reset.css content.css forms.css globals.css menu.css styles.css A ordenação/classificação é totalmente personalizável, e pode ser facilmente alterada para acomodar a maioria dos casos e qualquer padrão de nomenclatura que você prefira. O objetivo com a experiência pronta para uso, porém, é ter padrões inteligentes que você pode simplesmente usar e ter sucesso com os mesmos. Qualquer número de Diretórios/Subdiretórios é Suportado No exemplo acima, nós tivemos apenas uma única pasta "Scripts" e "Styles" em nossa aplicação. Isso funciona para alguns tipos de aplicação (por exemplo, aplicações com páginas simples). Muitas vezes, porém, você vai querer ter múltiplos pacotes/combinações de arquivos CSS/JS dentro de sua aplicação - por exemplo: um pacote "comum", que tem o núcleo dos arquivos JS e CSS que todas as páginas usam, e então arquivos específicos para páginas ou seções que não são utilizados globalmente. Você pode usar o suporte à combinação/minificação em qualquer número de diretórios ou subdiretórios em seu projeto - isto torna mais fácil estruturar seu código de forma a maximizar os benefícios da combinação/minificação dos arquivos. Cada diretório por padrão pode ser acessado como um pacote separado e endereçável através de uma URL.  Extensibilidade para Combinação/Minificação de Arquivos O suporte da ASP.NET para combinar e minificar é construído com extensibilidade em mente e cada parte do processo pode ser estendido ou substituído. Regras Personalizadas Além de permitir a abordagem de empacotamento - baseada em diretórios - que vem pronta para ser usada, a ASP.NET também suporta a capacidade de registrar pacotes/combinações personalizadas usando uma nova API de programação que estamos expondo.  O código a seguir demonstra como você pode registrar um "customscript" (script personalizável) usando código dentro da classe Global.asax de uma aplicação. A API permite que você adicione/remova/filtre os arquivos que farão parte do pacote de maneira muito granular:     O pacote personalizado acima pode ser referenciado em qualquer lugar dentro da aplicação usando a referência de <script> mostrada a seguir:     Processamento Personalizado Você também pode substituir os pacotes padrão CSS e JavaScript para suportar seu próprio processamento personalizado dos arquivos do pacote (por exemplo: regras personalizadas para minificação, suporte para Saas, LESS ou sintaxe CoffeeScript, etc). No exemplo mostrado a seguir, estamos indicando que queremos substituir as transformações nativas de minificação com classes MyJsTransform e MyCssTransform personalizadas. Elas são subclasses dos respectivos minificadores padrão para CSS e JavaScript, e podem adicionar funcionalidades extras:     O resultado final desta extensibilidade é que você pode se plugar dentro da lógica de combinação/minificação em um nível profundo e fazer algumas coisas muito legais com este recurso. Vídeo de 2 Minutos sobre Combinação e Minificacão de Arquivos em Ação Mads Kristensen tem um ótimo vídeo de 90 segundo (em Inglês) que demonstra a utilização do recurso de Combinação e Minificação de Arquivos. Você pode assistir o vídeo de 90 segundos aqui. Sumário O novo suporte para combinação e minificação de arquivos CSS e JavaScript dentro da próxima versão da ASP.NET tornará mais fácil a construção de aplicações web performáticas. Este recurso é realmente fácil de usar e não requer grandes mudanças no seu fluxo de trabalho de desenvolvimento existente. Ele também suporta uma rica API de extensibilidade que permite a você personalizar a lógica da maneira que você achar melhor. Você pode facilmente tirar vantagem deste novo suporte dentro de aplicações baseadas em ASP.NET MVC e ASP.NET Web Forms. Espero que ajude, Scott P.S. Além do blog, eu uso o Twitter para disponibilizar posts rápidos e para compartilhar links.Lidar com o meu Twitter é: @scottgu Texto traduzido do post original por Leniel Macaferi. google_ad_client = "pub-8849057428395760"; /* 728x90, created 2/15/09 */ google_ad_slot = "4706719075"; google_ad_width = 728; google_ad_height = 90;

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  • New Bundling and Minification Support (ASP.NET 4.5 Series)

    - by ScottGu
    This is the sixth in a series of blog posts I'm doing on ASP.NET 4.5. The next release of .NET and Visual Studio include a ton of great new features and capabilities.  With ASP.NET 4.5 you'll see a bunch of really nice improvements with both Web Forms and MVC - as well as in the core ASP.NET base foundation that both are built upon. Today’s post covers some of the work we are doing to add built-in support for bundling and minification into ASP.NET - which makes it easy to improve the performance of applications.  This feature can be used by all ASP.NET applications, including both ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Forms solutions. Basics of Bundling and Minification As more and more people use mobile devices to surf the web, it is becoming increasingly important that the websites and apps we build perform well with them. We’ve all tried loading sites on our smartphones – only to eventually give up in frustration as it loads slowly over a slow cellular network.  If your site/app loads slowly like that, you are likely losing potential customers because of bad performance.  Even with powerful desktop machines, the load time of your site and perceived performance can make an enormous customer perception. Most websites today are made up of multiple JavaScript and CSS files to separate the concerns and keep the code base tight. While this is a good practice from a coding point of view, it often has some unfortunate consequences for the overall performance of the website.  Multiple JavaScript and CSS files require multiple HTTP requests from a browser – which in turn can slow down the performance load time.  Simple Example Below I’ve opened a local website in IE9 and recorded the network traffic using IE’s built-in F12 developer tools. As shown below, the website consists of 5 CSS and 4 JavaScript files which the browser has to download. Each file is currently requested separately by the browser and returned by the server, and the process can take a significant amount of time proportional to the number of files in question. Bundling ASP.NET is adding a feature that makes it easy to “bundle” or “combine” multiple CSS and JavaScript files into fewer HTTP requests. This causes the browser to request a lot fewer files and in turn reduces the time it takes to fetch them.   Below is an updated version of the above sample that takes advantage of this new bundling functionality (making only one request for the JavaScript and one request for the CSS): The browser now has to send fewer requests to the server. The content of the individual files have been bundled/combined into the same response, but the content of the files remains the same - so the overall file size is exactly the same as before the bundling.   But notice how even on a local dev machine (where the network latency between the browser and server is minimal), the act of bundling the CSS and JavaScript files together still manages to reduce the overall page load time by almost 20%.  Over a slow network the performance improvement would be even better. Minification The next release of ASP.NET is also adding a new feature that makes it easy to reduce or “minify” the download size of the content as well.  This is a process that removes whitespace, comments and other unneeded characters from both CSS and JavaScript. The result is smaller files, which will download and load in a browser faster.  The graph below shows the performance gain we are seeing when both bundling and minification are used together: Even on my local dev box (where the network latency is minimal), we now have a 40% performance improvement from where we originally started.  On slow networks (and especially with international customers), the gains would be even more significant. Using Bundling and Minification inside ASP.NET The upcoming release of ASP.NET makes it really easy to take advantage of bundling and minification within projects and see performance gains like in the scenario above. The way it does this allows you to avoid having to run custom tools as part of your build process –  instead ASP.NET has added runtime support to perform the bundling/minification for you dynamically (caching the results to make sure perf is great).  This enables a really clean development experience and makes it super easy to start to take advantage of these new features. Let’s assume that we have a simple project that has 4 JavaScript files and 6 CSS files: Bundling and Minifying the .css files Let’s say you wanted to reference all of the stylesheets in the “Styles” folder above on a page.  Today you’d have to add multiple CSS references to get all of them – which would translate into 6 separate HTTP requests: The new bundling/minification feature now allows you to instead bundle and minify all of the .css files in the Styles folder – simply by sending a URL request to the folder (in this case “styles”) with an appended “/css” path after it.  For example:    This will cause ASP.NET to scan the directory, bundle and minify the .css files within it, and send back a single HTTP response with all of the CSS content to the browser.  You don’t need to run any tools or pre-processor to get this behavior.  This enables you to cleanly separate your CSS into separate logical .css files and maintain a very clean development experience – while not taking a performance hit at runtime for doing so.  The Visual Studio designer will also honor the new bundling/minification logic as well – so you’ll still get a WYSWIYG designer experience inside VS as well. Bundling and Minifying the JavaScript files Like the CSS approach above, if we wanted to bundle and minify all of our JavaScript into a single response we could send a URL request to the folder (in this case “scripts”) with an appended “/js” path after it:   This will cause ASP.NET to scan the directory, bundle and minify the .js files within it, and send back a single HTTP response with all of the JavaScript content to the browser.  Again – no custom tools or builds steps were required in order to get this behavior.  And it works with all browsers. Ordering of Files within a Bundle By default, when files are bundled by ASP.NET they are sorted alphabetically first, just like they are shown in Solution Explorer. Then they are automatically shifted around so that known libraries and their custom extensions such as jQuery, MooTools and Dojo are loaded before anything else. So the default order for the merged bundling of the Scripts folder as shown above will be: Jquery-1.6.2.js Jquery-ui.js Jquery.tools.js a.js By default, CSS files are also sorted alphabetically and then shifted around so that reset.css and normalize.css (if they are there) will go before any other file. So the default sorting of the bundling of the Styles folder as shown above will be: reset.css content.css forms.css globals.css menu.css styles.css The sorting is fully customizable, though, and can easily be changed to accommodate most use cases and any common naming pattern you prefer.  The goal with the out of the box experience, though, is to have smart defaults that you can just use and be successful with. Any number of directories/sub-directories supported In the example above we just had a single “Scripts” and “Styles” folder for our application.  This works for some application types (e.g. single page applications).  Often, though, you’ll want to have multiple CSS/JS bundles within your application – for example: a “common” bundle that has core JS and CSS files that all pages use, and then page specific or section specific files that are not used globally. You can use the bundling/minification support across any number of directories or sub-directories in your project – this makes it easy to structure your code so as to maximize the bunding/minification benefits.  Each directory by default can be accessed as a separate URL addressable bundle.  Bundling/Minification Extensibility ASP.NET’s bundling and minification support is built with extensibility in mind and every part of the process can be extended or replaced. Custom Rules In addition to enabling the out of the box - directory-based - bundling approach, ASP.NET also supports the ability to register custom bundles using a new programmatic API we are exposing.  The below code demonstrates how you can register a “customscript” bundle using code within an application’s Global.asax class.  The API allows you to add/remove/filter files that go into the bundle on a very granular level:     The above custom bundle can then be referenced anywhere within the application using the below <script> reference:     Custom Processing You can also override the default CSS and JavaScript bundles to support your own custom processing of the bundled files (for example: custom minification rules, support for Saas, LESS or Coffeescript syntax, etc). In the example below we are indicating that we want to replace the built-in minification transforms with a custom MyJsTransform and MyCssTransform class. They both subclass the CSS and JavaScript minifier respectively and can add extra functionality:     The end result of this extensibility is that you can plug-into the bundling/minification logic at a deep level and do some pretty cool things with it. 2 Minute Video of Bundling and Minification in Action Mads Kristensen has a great 90 second video that shows off using the new Bundling and Minification feature.  You can watch the 90 second video here. Summary The new bundling and minification support within the next release of ASP.NET will make it easier to build fast web applications.  It is really easy to use, and doesn’t require major changes to your existing dev workflow.  It is also supports a rich extensibility API that enables you to customize it however you want. You can easily take advantage of this new support within ASP.NET MVC, ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET Web Pages based applications. Hope this helps, Scott P.S. In addition to blogging, I use Twitter to-do quick posts and share links. My Twitter handle is: @scottgu

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  • Concatenate & Minify JS on the fly OR at build time - ASP.NET MVC

    - by Charlino
    As an extension to this question here Linking JavaScript Libraries in User Controls I was after some examples of how people are concatinating & minifying javascript on the fly OR at build time. I would also like to see how it then works into your master pages. I don't mind page specific files being minified and linked inidividually as they currently are (see below) but all the js files on the main master page (I have about 5 or 6) I would like concatenated and minified. Bonus points for anyone who also incorporates CSS concatenation & minification! :-) Current master page with the common js files that I would like concatenated & minified: <%@ Master Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewMasterPage" %> <head runat="server"> ... BLAH ... <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="AdditionalHead" runat="server" /> ... BLAH ... <%= Html.CSSBlock("/styles/site.css") %> <%= Html.CSSBlock("/styles/jquery-ui-1.7.1.css") %> <%= Html.CSSBlock("/styles/jquery.lightbox-0.5.css") %> <%= Html.CSSBlock("/styles/ie6.css", 6) %> <%= Html.CSSBlock("/styles/ie7.css", 7) %> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="AdditionalCSS" runat="server" /> </head> <body> ... BLAH ... <%= Html.JSBlock("/scripts/jquery-1.3.2.js", "/scripts/jquery-1.3.2.min.js") %> <%= Html.JSBlock("/scripts/jquery-ui-1.7.1.js", "/scripts/jquery-ui-1.7.1.min.js") %> <%= Html.JSBlock("/scripts/jquery.validate.js", "/scripts/jquery.validate.min.js") %> <%= Html.JSBlock("/scripts/jquery.lightbox-0.5.js", "/scripts/jquery.lightbox-0.5.min.js") %> <%= Html.JSBlock("/scripts/global.js", "/scripts/global.min.js") %> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="AdditionalJS" runat="server" /> </body> Used in a page like this (which I'm happy with): <asp:Content ID="signUpContent" ContentPlaceHolderID="AdditionalJS" runat="server"> <%= Html.JSBlock("/scripts/pages/account.signup.js", "/scripts/pages/account.signup.min.js") %> </asp:Content> EDIT: What I'm using now Since asking this question, Microsoft have released their own JS & CSS compression library called Microsoft AJAX Minifier, I'd definitely recommend checking it out. It includes MSBuild tasks which are the duck's nuts.

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  • Programming logic to group a users activities like facebook. E.g. Chris is now friends with A, B and C

    - by Chris Dowdeswell
    So I am trying to develop an activity feed for my site, Basically If I UNION a bunch of activities into a feed I would end up with something like the following. Chris is now friends with Mark Chris is now friends with Dave What I want though is a neater way of grouping these similar posts so the feed doesn't give information overload... E.g. Chris is now friends with Mark, Dave and 4 Others Any ideas on how I can approach this logically? I am using Classic ASP on SQL server. Here is the UNION statement I have so far... SELECT U.UserID As UserID, L.UN As UN,Left(U.UID,13) As ProfilePic,U.Fname + ' ' + U.Sname As FullName, 'said ' + WP.Post AS Activity, WP.Ctime FROM Users AS U LEFT JOIN Logins L ON L.userID = U.UserID LEFT OUTER JOIN WallPosts AS WP ON WP.userID = U.userID WHERE WP.Ctime IS NOT NULL UNION SELECT U.UserID As UserID, L.UN As UN,Left(U.UID,13) As ProfilePic,U.Fname + ' ' + U.Sname As FullName, 'commented ' + C.Comment AS Activity, C.Ctime FROM Users AS U LEFT JOIN Logins L ON L.userID = U.UserID LEFT OUTER JOIN Comments AS C ON C.UserID = U.userID WHERE C.Ctime IS NOT NULL UNION SELECT U.UserID As UserID, L.UN As UN,Left(U.UID,13) As ProfilePic, U.Fname + ' ' + U.Sname As FullName, 'connected with <a href="/profile.asp?un='+(SELECT Logins.un FROM Logins WHERE Logins.userID = Cn.ToUserID)+'">' + (SELECT Users.Fname + ' ' + Users.Sname FROM Users WHERE userID = Cn.ToUserID) + '</a>' AS Activity, Cn.Ctime FROM Users AS U LEFT JOIN Logins L ON L.userID = U.UserID LEFT OUTER JOIN Connections AS Cn ON Cn.UserID = U.userID WHERE CN.Ctime IS NOT NULL

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  • The correct way to Fire-and-Forget an asynchronous delegate

    - by Programming Hero
    Consider me rusty on the subject of asynchronous delegates. If I want to call a method asynchronously, in a fire-and-forget style, is this an appropriate way to do it? Action action = DoSomething; action.BeginInvoke(action.EndInvoke, null); The DoSomething() method catches all exceptions and deals with them internally. Is the call to EndInvoke appropriate? Required? Is there a clearer way to achieve the same behaviour?

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  • Map NHibernate entity to multiple tables based on parent

    - by Programming Hero
    I'm creating a domain model where entities often (but not always) have a member of type ActionLog. ActionLog is a simple class which allows for an audit trail of actions being performed on an instance. Each action is recorded as an ActionLogEntry instance. ActionLog is implemented (approximately) as follows: public class ActionLog { public IEnumerable<ActionLogEntry> Entries { get { return EntriesCollection; } } protected ICollection<ActionLogEntry> EntriesCollection { get; set; } public void AddAction(string action) { // Append to entries collection. } } What I would like is to re-use this class amongst my entities and have the entries map to different tables based on which class they are logged against. For example: public class Customer { public ActionLog Actions { get; protected set; } } public class Order { public ActionLog Actions { get; protected set; } } This design is suitable for me in the application, however I can't see a clear way to map this scenario to a database with NHibernate. I typically use Fluent NHibernate for my configuration, but I'm happy to accept answers in more general HBM xml.

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  • Nested attributes in the index view?

    - by user283179
    I seem to be getting error: uninitialized constant Style::Pic when I'm trying to render a nested object in to the index view the show view is fine. class Style < ActiveRecord::Base #belongs_to :users has_many :style_images, :dependent => :destroy accepts_nested_attributes_for :style_images, :reject_if => proc { |a| a.all? { |k, v| v.blank?} } #found this here http://ryandaigle.com/articles/2009/2/1/what-s-new-in-edge-rails-nested-attributes has_one :cover, :class_name => "Pic", :order => "updated_at DESC" accepts_nested_attributes_for :cover end class StyleImage < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :style #belongs_to :style_as_cover, :class_name => "Style", :foreign_key => "style_id" has_attached_file :pic, :styles => { :small => "200x0>", :normal => "600x> " } validates_attachment_presence :pic #validates_attachment_size :pic, :less_than => 5.megabytes end <% for style_image in @style.style_images %> <li><%= style_image.caption %></li> <div id="show_photo"> <%= image_tag style_image.pic.url(:normal) %></div> <% end %> As you can see from the above The main model style has many style_images, all these style_images are displayed in the show view but, in the the index view I wish to show one image which has been name and will act as a cover that is displayed for each style. in the index controller I have tried the following: class StylesController < ApplicationController layout "mini" def index @styles = Style.find(:all, :inculde => [:cover,]).reverse respond_to do |format| format.html # index.html.erb format.xml { render :xml => @styles } end end and the index <% @styles.each do |style| %> <%=image_tag style.cover.pic.url(:small) %> <% end %> class StyleImage < ActiveRecord::Base belongs_to :style #belongs_to :style_as_cover, :class_name => "Style", :foreign_key => "style_id" has_attached_file :pic, :styles => { :small => "200x0>", :normal => "600x> " } validates_attachment_presence :pic #validates_attachment_size :pic, :less_than => 5.megabytes end In the style_images table there is an cover_id also. From the about you can see that I have included the cover in the controller and the model. I have know idea where I'm going wrong here! If any one can help please do!

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  • WCF Message Debugging on Custom Binding

    - by Programming Hero
    I've created a custom binding in WCF for a custom MessageEncoder to allow messages to be written as XML using a wider range of encodings than WCF supports out of the box. The encoder appears to be working and I am able to send and receive messages, but I want to verify that the XML message being written is exactly as required by the service I am trying to consume. I've turned on message logging for WCF using the diagnostic trace listeners to output the messages sent and received over the wire to a log file. Unfortunately, for calls using my encoder, the message is displayed as ... stream ... EDIT: I don't think it's anything to do with my custom encoding. I have experimented with my custom binding a little, switching to using the built-in text encoding and http transport. I still don't get a message body logged in the message trace. Is there anything that needs to be specified within a custom binding to enable message logging?

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  • sharing build artifacts between jobs in hudson

    - by programming panda
    Hi I'm trying to set up our build process in hudson. Job 1 will be a super fast (hopefully) continuous integration build job that will be built frequently. Job 2, will be responsible for running a comprehensive test suite, at a regular interval or triggered manually. Job 3 will be responsible for running analysis tools across the codebase (much like Job 2). I tried using the "Advanced Projects Options use custom workspace" feature so that code compiled in Job 1 can be used in Job 2 and 3. However, it seems that all build artifacts remain inside that Job 1 workspace. I'm I doing this right? Is there a better way of doing this? I guess I'm looking for something similar to a build pipeline setup...so that things can be shared and the appropriate jobs can be executed in stages. (I also considered using 'batch tasks'...but it seems like those can't be scheduled? only triggered manually?) Any suggestions are welcomed. Thanks!

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  • WCF Message Debugging on WebHttpBehavior

    - by Programming Hero
    I've created a custom binding in WCF for a custom MessageEncoder to allow messages to be written as XML using a wider range of encodings than WCF supports out of the box. The encoder appears to be working and I am able to send and receive messages, but I want to verify that the XML message being written is exactly as required by the service I am trying to consume. I've turned on message logging for WCF using the diagnostic trace listeners to output the messages sent and received over the wire to a log file. Unfortunately, for calls using my encoder, the message is displayed as ... stream ... EDIT: I don't think it's anything to do with my custom encoding. I have experimented with my custom binding a little, switching to using the built-in text encoding and http transport. I still don't get a message body logged in the message trace. EDIT2: Having done further investigation, the issue looks to be related not to the custom binding, but the custom behaviour. I'm apply the <webHttp/> behaviour. Once this is specified (along with manual addressing), the tracing behaviour shows up. Is this a known issue with WebHttpBehavior? Am I still barking up the wrong tree?

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  • High level vs. low level programming. Do I really have to choose?

    - by EpsilonVector
    Every once in a while I'm asked in interviews which I like the best- low level or high level. It seems to me that the implicit message is that they are both a specialty and they want to know which direction I'm heading. The trouble is, I seem to like both. Low level is extremely challenging and often requires a great deal of esoteric knowledge. High level is where all the sexy things happen: applications that people use directly, results that can be easily demonstrated (showed off) in a way that is accessible to everybody, and you get to work with really advanced tools and interact with new technologies. I would really love to do both, even if it means alternating between them (I doubt there are jobs that will let me do both simultaneously), but I'm guessing that the industry rewards specialists more than generalists. Will it really be problematic career wise if I never choose one over the other? Is it practical to alternate between the two in the sense that if I were to leave a job doing one of them, I should experience no "friction" trying to get a job doing the other (assuming I'm reasonably in the loop)? Are there career opportunities where you get to do both? Do I really have to choose one over the other?

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  • I've been hired on as a entry-level game developer at a company and have little/no experience in API programming, what should I expect?

    - by Mr. Geneth
    So, I've been hired on as an entry level game developer with little/no experience working with any API other than Win32. This will be an overall learning experience for me as a person and I have gone over this multiple times with the boss and he has no problem with my inexperience. He says that if I'm not worth it now, I will be later. This gives me confidence, but I still feel that I should know a lot more before tackling this position. I would be stupid to pass it up. This is one of my favorite places to come for advice and help and have tried to just accept this, but it just keeps bothering that I can't go in knowing how to at least do the basics. I want to give the company its money's worth. Ya know? My questions are: What should I expect from the other programmers in this project (In terms of patience with me and working together, and being taught)? Is this normal? Any other advice on this sort of thing would be wonderful. I just want to feel comfortable with it.

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