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• How to configure a shortcut for an SSH connection through a SSH tunnel

  - by Simone Carletti

  My company production servers (FOO, BAR...) are located behind two gateway servers (A, B). In order to connect to server FOO, I have to open a ssh connection with server A or B with my username JOHNDOE, then from A (or B) I can access any production server opening a SSH connection with a standard username (let's call it WEBBY). So, each time I have to do something like: ssh johndoe@a ... ssh webby@foo ... # now I can work on the server As you can imagine, this is a hassle when I need to use scp or if I need to quickly open multiple connections. I have configured a ssh key and also I'm using .ssh/config for some shortcuts. I was wondering if I can create some kind of ssh configuration in order to type ssh foo and let SSH open/forward all the connections for me. Is it possible? Edit womble's answer is exactly what I was looking for but it seems right now I can't use netcat because it's not installed on the gateway server. weppos:~ weppos$ ssh foo -vv OpenSSH_5.1p1, OpenSSL 0.9.7l 28 Sep 2006 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/xyz/.ssh/config debug1: Applying options for foo debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Executing proxy command: exec ssh a nc -w 3 foo 22 debug1: permanently_drop_suid: 501 debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/identity type -1 debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----BEGIN' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'Proc-Type:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type 'DEK-Info:' debug2: key_type_from_name: unknown key type '-----END' debug1: identity file /Users/xyz/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 bash: nc: command not found ssh_exchange_identification: Connection closed by remote host

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• Debugging apache seg fault with gdb

  - by Joyce Babu

  Apache on a production server of mine is seg faulting intermittently. I have enabled core dump option in apache configuration and have several dumped core files. Unfortunately, since it is a production server, apache or the loaded modules are not compiled with debug symbols. From what I understand, gdb cannot do much without debug symbols. Can I at least find out which module is causing the seg fault, without debug symbols? If so, how? Following is the output from a gdb backtrace (gdb) bt full #0 0xb7f1f832 in _dl_sysinfo_int80 () from /lib/ld-linux.so.2 No symbol table info available. #1 0xb7be82bc in pthread_cond_wait@@GLIBC_2.3.2 () from /lib/libpthread.so.0 No symbol table info available. #2 0xb771652a in ?? () from /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_pagespeed.so No symbol table info available. #3 0xb75df576 in ?? () from /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_pagespeed.so No symbol table info available. #4 0xb7715c20 in ?? () from /usr/local/apache/modules/mod_pagespeed.so No symbol table info available. #5 0xb7be4a49 in start_thread () from /lib/libpthread.so.0 No symbol table info available. #6 0xb7b2a63e in clone () from /lib/libc.so.6 No symbol table info available. Does this mean that /lib/ld-linux.so.2 is causing the seg fault?

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• Oracle 10g for Windows does not start up on system boot

  - by Mike Dimmick

  We have an Oracle 10g Enterprise Edition installation (10.2.0.1.0) on a Windows Server 2003 virtual machine. It was initially created with Virtual Server 2005 R2 SP1 but has now been migrated to Windows Server 2008 Hyper-V. The services start on system boot, but the instance does not start up. This problem was actually occurring on Virtual Server after a migration from one server to another, but I managed to fix it then with: oradim -edit -sid ORCL -startmode auto However, this now has no effect. oradim.log (in %OracleHome%\database\oradim.log) says: Thu Jun 10 14:14:48 2010 C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_3\bin\oradim.exe -startup -sid orcl -usrpwd * -log oradim.log -nocheck 0 Thu Jun 10 14:14:48 2010 ORA-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error sqlnet.log in the same folder has: Fatal NI connect error 12560, connecting to: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=BEQ)(PROGRAM=oracle)(ARGV0=oracleorcl)(ARGS='(DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq)))'))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=orcl)(CID=(PROGRAM=C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\db_3\bin\oradim.exe)(HOST=ORACLE-VM)(USER=SYSTEM)))) VERSION INFORMATION: TNS for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production Oracle Bequeath NT Protocol Adapter for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production Time: 10-JUN-2010 14:14:48 Tracing not turned on. Tns error struct: ns main err code: 12560 TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error ns secondary err code: 0 nt main err code: 530 TNS-00530: Protocol adapter error nt secondary err code: 2 nt OS err code: 0 The ORA_ORCL_AUTOSTART registry value is set to TRUE, so it should be auto-starting - and you can see that it's trying to. The problem also occurs when stopping and restarting the OracleServiceORCL service. I've enabled SQL*Net tracing which shows: [10-JUN-2010 15:09:33.919] snlpcss: entry [10-JUN-2010 15:09:34.419] snlpcss: Unable to spawn Oracle oracle (DESCRIPTION=(LOCAL=YES)(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=beq))) orcl, error 2. [10-JUN-2010 15:09:34.419] snlpcall: exit On a hunch that error 2 is Windows error 2 (file not found) I tried restarting the service with Process Monitor watching oradim.exe, but this appears to delay things just enough that it always works. Right now I have a horrible hack where I've created a Scheduled Task to run oradim -startup -sid ORCL when the Administrator account logs on, and set the VM to auto-logon. I'd still like to work out why it's not working.

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• Why isn't 'Low Fragmentation Heap' LFH enabled by default on Windows Server 2003?

  - by James Wiseman

  I've been investigating an issue with a production Classic ASP website running on IIS6 which seems indicative of memory fragmentation. One of the suggestions of how to ameliorate this came from Stackoverflow: How can I find why some classic asp pages randomly take a real long time to execute?. It suggested flipping a setting in the site's global.asa file to 'turn on' Low Fragmentation Heap (LFH). The following code (with a registered version of the accompanying DLL) did the trick. Set LFHObj=CreateObject("TURNONLFH.ObjTurnOnLFH") LFHObj.TurnOnLFH() application("TurnOnLFHResult")=CStr(LFHObj.TurnOnLFHResult) (Really the code isn't that important to the question). An author of a linked post reported a seemingly magic resolution to this issue, and, reading around a little more, I discovered that this setting is enabled by default on Windows Server 2008. So, naturally, this left me a little concerned: Why is this setting not enabled by default on 2003, or If it works in 2008 why have Microsoft not issued a patch to enable it by default on 2003? I suspect the answer to the above is the same for both (if there is one). Obviously, we're testing it in a non-production environment, and doing an array of metrics and comparisons to deem if it does help us. But aside from this I'm really just trying to understand if there's any technical reason why we should do this, or if there are any gotchas that we need to be aware of.

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• Walkthrough/guide building aplication server for multi tenant web app [on hold]

  - by Khalid Adisendjaja

  The web app will detect a subdomain such as tenant1.app.com, tenant2.app.com, etc to identify tenant environment, each tenant environment will have a different database credential (port,db name,etc) but still connecting to the same database server. Each tenant should use app.com for their main domain, using their own domain is prohibitted. Each tenant will have their own rest api endpoint such as tenant1.app.com/api/v1/xxxx, tenant2.app.com/api/v1/xxxx, tenant3.app.com/api/v1/xxxx I've come to a simple solution by setting a wildcard subdomain (*.app.com) on webserver Apache/Nginx vhost configuration file. I have googled so many concept for building a multi-tenant app server but still don't understand how to really done it, what is the right way to do it and what is actually required to do this task. So I've come to this questions, Do I need a proxy server, dns masking, etc.. How to monitor each tenants activity What about server performance, load balancing, and scalability How to setup ssl certificate for each tenant what about application cache for each tenant Is it reliable to use the setup for production etc ... I have a very litte experience on server infrastructure, so I'm looking for a DIY walkthrough, step by step guide, or sophisticate solution ready to implemented for production

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• SQL Error (1064) when importing data from SQL file

  - by mejpark

  I have a MySQL database, which was originally set up with the default latin1 character set and latin1_swedish_ci collation. I was using the database like this for sometime, until I noticed strange characters on my production web site, which is powered by a database exported from my development machine. At this point, I changed the default character set of the database and tables to utf8 and the collation to utf8_unicode_ci, converted the latin1 data inside each table to utf8 (using the 'convert data' option) and exported the database as a single SQL file using HeidiSQL. When the resulting SQL file is opened in Notepad++, several characters are rendered incorrectly. For example, en dashes (-) are displayed as – and e with accent (é) are displayed as é. I changed the encoding of the file from ANSI to UTF-8 (using the encoding menu option in Notepad++) and the offending characters are rendered correctly. I saved the new utf8-encoded SQL file and attempted to import the contents into the MySQL database on my production server. The import process fails with following error: /* SQL Error (1064): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near '?# -------------------------------------------------------- # Host: ' at line 1 */ /* Error with snippets directory: The specified path was not found */ The head of the SQL file: # -------------------------------------------------------- # Host: 127.0.0.1 # Server version: 5.1.33-community # Server OS: Win32 # HeidiSQL version: 6.0.0.3773 # Date/time: 2011-04-20 09:48:36 # -------------------------------------------------------- It chokes on the first line of the file, which is commented out. Why is this happening? I didn't have a problem loading data from SQL files until I changed the character set and collation of the database. I came up with an ugly workaround to this problem by performing following steps: Export database as single SQL file using HeidiSQL Open resulting file in Notepad++ and convert from ANSI to UTF-8 encoding Create new empty file in Notepad++, paste in UTF-8 and save file normally What am I missing here?

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• SQL Server architecture - they want to move my database to new instance...Why?

  - by O'MALLEY

  Our current production database environment contains about 10 similarily managed databases. Our agency has just purchased and is installing new blade chasses and wants to move my database to a new instance (leaving the other 9 on another). This decision is being driven by one of our IT staff, not a DBA. I am a project manager, not a DBA but I know enough to not necesarrily have a good feeling about this decision and I am urging our IT department to make a sound decision based on what is best for the database. Our IT department has stated that it is not good to have all our eggs in one basket, and has also stated that my database contains "regulatory data" so it should be on its own instance. A couple of truths: - None of the databases on the current instance are OLTP databases nor are any of them data warehouses - My database currently has joins/views to a couple of the other databases in the production environment So my questions are as follows: Am I wrong to disregard a statement about eggs in baskets? (hello, this is why we have maintenance plans/disaster recovery plans). I'll mention that other databases also have regulatory data too. What types of questions do I need to ask to determine if this is a sound decicion? (A DBA friend mentioned that if the service level agreement of said database does not radically differ from the others then why do they want to do this?) I have done some research on linked servers. What arguments should I bring forth about the fact that I have views setup that rely on data from other DBs currently?

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• Testing realistic loads for new versions of existing web app

  - by David Cournapeau

  Assuming I have a relatively complex web application, I am interested in testing performances of a new version using a traffic as realistic as possible. Traffic is relatively complex (session-based, lots of internal logic which depends on incoming requests). The webapp depends on many servers (databases, frontends, etc...). I can think of two basic directions: Recording every incoming request with its timestamp in production in a centralized manner and replaying it from N clients to reproduce a load as close as possible as the original. Issue: because we have many servers, getting the centralized log is not trivial. having a system duplicating requests to a staging area so that I could "plug" a dev version of my webapp to it at anytime without affecting the production. Issue: I have not found much information about it expect this, which suggests to me that may not be the best solution. OTOH, it is realistic by definition. What is the standard way of doing this kind of testing ? I did not find much information about load testing with complex, realistic traffic.

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• Copy one db diagram from one db to another on different servers? (Same db)

  - by sah302

  I used the copy database wizard to copy my database from our test server to our production server, the database copied everything fine except for the diagram. Okay no problem, first I make sure the target database on production has the support objects created to use database diagraming. Then I select to import data from the other database and chose the dbo.sysdiagrams.Go through with the rest of the import data wizard, but then I get the following error: Validating (Error) Messages Error 0xc0202049: Data Flow Task: Failure inserting into the read-only column "diagram_id". (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc0202045: Data Flow Task: Column metadata validation failed. (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc004706b: Data Flow Task: "component "Destination - sysdiagrams" (31)" failed validation and returned validation status "VS_ISBROKEN". (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc004700c: Data Flow Task: One or more component failed validation. (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) Error 0xc0024107: Data Flow Task: There were errors during task validation. (SQL Server Import and Export Wizard) So apparently it didn't like that. What's the problem? I am pretty beginner in SQL Server and only do stuff via the GUI usually so am not sure what to do at this point. The databases are the same, but on different servers. Thanks!

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• Disadvantages of enabling 'Low Fragmentation Heap' LFH on Windows Server 2003?

  - by James Wiseman

  I've been investigating an issue with a production Classic ASP website running on IIS6 which seems indicative of memory fragmentation. One of the suggestions of how to ameliorate this came from Stackoverflow: How can I find why some classic asp pages randomly take a real long time to execute?. It suggested flipping a setting in the site's global.asa file to 'turn on' Low Fragmentation Heap (LFH). The following code (with a registered version of the accompanying DLL) did the trick. Set LFHObj=CreateObject("TURNONLFH.ObjTurnOnLFH") LFHObj.TurnOnLFH() application("TurnOnLFHResult")=CStr(LFHObj.TurnOnLFHResult) (Really the code isn't that important to the question). An author of a linked post reported a seemingly magic resolution to this issue, and, reading around a little more, I discovered that this setting is enabled by default on Windows Server 2008. So, naturally, this left me a little concerned: Why is this setting not enabled by default on 2003, or If it works in 2008 why have Microsoft not issued a patch to enable it by default on 2003? I suspect the answer to the above is the same for both (if there is one). Obviously, we're testing it in a non-production environment, and doing an array of metrics and comparisons to deem if it does help us. But aside from this I'm really just trying to understand if there's any technical reason why we should do this, or if there are any gotchas that we need to be aware of.

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• How to automatically restart Apache service after HTTP 503 error?

  - by Gnanam

  Our production server is running Apache v2.2.4 on CentOS5.2. Mono v1.2.4 is integrated within Apache. Recently, we faced a problem in our production server. From Apache's access_log, I found a HTTP 500 internal server error for one of the HTTP request and all subsequent HTTP requests also failed but with HTTP 503 service unavailable error. From thereafter, none of the requests were successful. Also, only later some time, we realized that our application was not working because of this error and then we restarted Apache service. My questions are, in this kind of situation, how do I automatically restart Apache service when HTTP 503 error is encountered? Is there any Apache directive available to set? in general, what would cause a HTTP 503 error in Apache? NOTE: Mono helps in running applications developed in .NET on a Linux-based OS. EDIT: I agree on finding the root cause of this problem. In fact, we've been analyzing that too. Till we resolve it, am finding whether this could be restarted immediately on its own without having any downtime/service disruption for application users.

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• Syntax error at '{'; expected '}' when using nagios in puppet

  - by jiangchengwu

  It's a big problem to me, because I'm not familiar with puppet. ERROR on the puppetmaster: debug: importing '/etc/puppet/manifests/nodes/group-1.pp' err: Could not parse for environment production: Syntax error at '{'; expected '}' at /etc/puppet/manifests/nodes/group-1.pp:6 ERROR on the puppet client: err: Could not retrieve catalog from remote server: Error 400 on SERVER: Could not parse for environment production: Syntax error at '{'; expected '}' at /etc/puppet/manifests/nodes/group-1.pp:6 in group-1.pp: node 'group1' { include ntp class { 'nagios::host': #this is line 6 nodename => $clientcert, appname => 'test', } } nagios::host in module module/nagios/host.pp code are here: class nagios::host($nodename, $hostgroup) { file { '/usr/lib/nagios/plugins': mode = "755", require = Package["nagios-plugins"], } ... @@nagios_service { "${nodename}_check_ssh": ensure => present, use => 'generic-service', host_name => "${nodename}", notification_interval => 60, flap_detection_enabled => 0, service_description => "SSH", check_command => "check_ssh", target => "/etc/nagios3/services.d/${nodename}.cfg", } } and the file module/nagios/init.pp is blank How could I fix it ?

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• Does my Oracle DBA need root access?

  - by Dr I

  I'm currently discussing with my Oracle DBA Collegue that request a root access on our production servers. I'm not so hot to let him use the root access on our production servers. He is arguing that he need it to perform some operations like restarting the server and some other obscure arguments. The point is that I'm not agree with him because I've set him a Oracle user/group and a dba group where Oracle user belong. Everything is running smoothy and without any root permissions for now. I also think that all administrative tasks like scheduled server restart and so one need to be operated by the proper administrator (The Systems administrator on our case) to avoid any kind of issues related to a misunderstanding of the infrastructure interactions. So, I need the help of both, sysadmins and Oracle DBAs to lead me on the correct direction. If my collegue really need this rights I'll give him, but I'm just basically quite affraid of that because of security and integrity concerns. I know that my collegue is really good as a Oracle DBA and he know is work very well, but I also know that I've very few cases where a software and its admin really need root access. Once again, I'm not looking for pros/cons but rather an advice on the way that I should take to deal with this situation.

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• Nginx configuration leads to endless redirect loop

  - by brianthecoder

  So I've looked at every sample configuration I could find and yet every time I try and view a page that requires ssl, I end up in an redirect loop. I'm running nginx/0.8.53 and passenger 3.0.2. Here's the ssl config server { listen 443 default ssl; server_name <redacted>.com www.<redacted>.com; root /home/app/<redacted>/public; passenger_enabled on; rails_env production; ssl_certificate /home/app/ssl/<redacted>.com.pem; ssl_certificate_key /home/app/ssl/<redacted>.key; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X_FORWARDED_PROTO https; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme $scheme; proxy_redirect off; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; location /blog { rewrite ^/blog(/.*)?$ http://blog.<redacted>.com/$1 permanent; } location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { if (-f $request_filename) { expires max; break; } } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } Here's the non-ssl config server { listen 80; server_name <redacted>.com www.<redacted>.com; root /home/app/<redacted>/public; passenger_enabled on; rails_env production; location /blog { rewrite ^/blog(/.*)?$ http://blog.<redacted>.com/$1 permanent; } location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { if (-f $request_filename) { expires max; break; } } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } Let me know if there's any additional info I can give to help diagnose the issue.

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• Windows Server 2008 - inexplicable system time jumps/glitches/inaccuracies

  - by Nathan Ridley

  I'm running a production web server on Windows Server 2008. On this server I have a database which logs certain user actions, but every now and again I inexplicably get database entries which, according to the record ID and the records immediately before and after, have the wrong time logged against them (7 days+ too old). For example, record ID 1001 will be for Dec 7, 11pm, 1002 will be for Dec 7, 11:01pm, then 1003 will be for Nov 28, 1:38am, then the next will be back on track again. The problem seems to occur in random records (or 2-3 records in a row) and crops up once every few days. This is absolutely baffling because there is only one place in the application that assigns this date/time value and it's simply the system UTC date. I have been synchronizing the system time to time-a.nist.gov (which I read in another article was a bit more reliable than the default time.windows.com) and it seems to occasionally get out of time anyway (3-4 minutes), but I'm speculating that occasionally the time server has a temporary glitch where the date changes to a drastically wrong value for a short space of time, then changes back. Either that, or the motherboard clock battery is screwed and the reason the time momentarily changes is that the motherboard loses the time and then the time synchronization puts it back again. Could either of my suspicions be right? Should I turn off time synchronization for a production server? Assigning dates to an event log where the dates are up to 2 weeks prior to the actual date is a severe problem I can't have when the next version of my application is released. Any suggestions or advice would be appreciated.

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• How to make an x.509 certificate from a PEM one?

  - by Ken

  I'm trying to test a script, locally, which involves uploading a file using a Java-based program to a FileZilla FTPES server. For the real thing, there is a real certificate on the FZ server, and the upload step (tested alone) seems to work fine. I've installed FileZilla Server on my dev box (so it'll test uploading from localhost to localhost). I don't have a real certificate for it, of course, so I used the "Generate new certificate..." button in FZ. It works fine from an interactive FTPES program (as long as I OK the unknown cert), but from my Java program it throws a javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException ("unable to find valid certification path to requested target"). So how do I tell Java that this certificate is OK with me? (I know there's a way to change the Java program to accept any certificate, but I don't want to go down that route. I want to test it just as it will happen in production, and I don't want to ignore unknown certificates in production.) I found that Java has a program called "keytool" that seems to be for managing this sort of thing, but it complains that the certificate file that FZ generated is not an "x.509" file. A posting from the FZ side said it was "PEM encoded". I have "openssl" here, which looks like it's perfect for converting between certificate formats, but I think my understanding of certificate formats is wrong because I'm not seeing anything obvious. My knowledge of security certificates is a bit shaky, so if my title is stupidly wrong, please help by fixing that. :-)

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• Issues connecting to HP ProCurve switches

  - by BriGuy

  We are having a very strange issue trying to connect to our infrastructure switches via SSH. When you first try connecting to them, the switches will prompt for the password - and then just sit there after it is entered. If you create a second SSH session to the switch (while letting the first one remain open and just sitting there) it will let you log right in. The switches are doing the same thing with RADIUS and local authentication. The other strange part to all of this, is that about 10 switches started doing it all at the same time. As far as actual configuration of the switches, nothing has changed. Occasionally, one switch will start working like normal, but then stop again. These are all HP ProCurve managed switches, but all different models/firmware. Some switches that are not working are using the same firmware as others that are working. UPDATE: 20130312 I am also seeing this same behavior when trying to use telnet. The first telnet session just hangs there, and the second telnet session will let me log in. Rebooting the switches seems to get them working, but I still have 5 production switches that cannot easily be rebooted because of their production roles. Is anyone aware of anything else that can be switched on/off that may reset the logon for remote management or something like that?

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• Distributed storage and computing

  - by Tim van Elteren

  Dear Serverfault community, After researching a number of distributed file systems for deployment in a production environment with the main purpose of performing both batch and real-time distributed computing I've identified the following list as potential candidates, mainly on maturity, license and support: Ceph Lustre GlusterFS HDFS FhGFS MooseFS XtreemFS The key properties that our system should exhibit: an open source, liberally licensed, yet production ready, e.g. a mature, reliable, community and commercially supported solution; ability to run on commodity hardware, preferably be designed for it; provide high availability of the data with the most focus on reads; high scalability, so operation over multiple data centres, possibly on a global scale; removal of single points of failure with the use of replication and distribution of (meta-)data, e.g. provide fault-tolerance. The sensitivity points that were identified, and resulted in the following questions, are: transparency to the processing layer / application with respect to data locality, e.g. know where data is physically located on a server level, mainly for resource allocation and fast processing, high performance, how can this be accomplished? Do you from experience know what solutions provide this transparency and to what extent? posix compliance, or conformance, is mentioned on the wiki pages of most of the above listed solutions. The question here mainly is, how relevant is support for the posix standard? Hadoop for example isn't posix compliant by design, what are the pro's and con's? what about the difference between synchronous and asynchronous opeartion of a distributed file system. Though a synchronous distributed file system has the preference because of reliability it also imposes certain limitations with respect to scalability. What would be, from your expertise, the way to go on this? I'm looking forward to your replies. Thanks in advance! :) With kind regards, Tim van Elteren

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• Run a rails server on Amazon EC2 [on hold]

  - by Jashwant

  Context: I've tried rubber gem, but that does not fulfill my requirements ( I needed to deploy on existing instance, so don't recommend me rubber) So, I followed this excellent tutorial http://stackoverflow.com/questions/15535140/installing-ruby-2-0-and-rails-4-0-0beta-on-aws-ec2 Now, I have ruby 2.0 and rails 4.0.0 running on AWS EC2. I successfully ran the server with RDS (mysql) as db and default webrick as server ( Using command rails server ) But, I've read that webrick is a development server and shouldn't be used at production. What I tried: I googled and came up with some alternatives. Capistrano Nginx / apache with passenger Passenger with Capistrano Unicorn Puma My Question: What exactly is capistrano / passenger ? Are they middleware to ease my deployment process ? I don't see any difficulty in doing rails server command. If they are just middleware, nginx with passenger and capistrano does not make any sense ? Why would I add a learning curve ( to learn nginx, passenger and capistrano configs) just to run my server ? I can just use nginx to deploy my app. Can't I ? What combination should I use on Amazon EC2 (or may be at any some other production server).

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• Managing Internal Yum Repository Groups

  - by elmt

  What is the best method for handling yum groups dependencies? For example, take this comps.xml file <comps> <group> <id>production</id> <name>Production</name> <default>true</default> <description>Packages required to run</description> <uservisible>true</uservisible> <packagelist> <packagereq type="default">ssh</packagereq> </packagelist> </group> <group> <id>development</id> <name>Development</name> <default>false</default> <description>Packages required to develop</description> <uservisible>true</uservisible> <packagelist> <packagereq type="default">gcc</packagereq> </packagelist> </group> </comps> which is packaged with createrepo -g comps.xml x86_64. The ssh and gcc rpms are not installed in the x86_64 directory. If I run yum groupinstall development, yum is smart enough to pull the gcc package from the RHEL repo even though the groups are defined in my internal repository. However, is this the proper way of doing this, or should I copy the rpms to my local repository and recreate the repo?

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• Nginx configuration leads to endless redirect loop

  - by brianthecoder

  So I've looked at every sample configuration I could find and yet every time I try and view a page that requires ssl, I end up in an redirect loop. I'm running nginx/0.8.53 and passenger 3.0.2. Here's the ssl config server { listen 443 default ssl; server_name <redacted>.com www.<redacted>.com; root /home/app/<redacted>/public; passenger_enabled on; rails_env production; ssl_certificate /home/app/ssl/<redacted>.com.pem; ssl_certificate_key /home/app/ssl/<redacted>.key; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X_FORWARDED_PROTO https; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; proxy_set_header Host $http_host; proxy_set_header X-Url-Scheme $scheme; proxy_redirect off; proxy_max_temp_file_size 0; location /blog { rewrite ^/blog(/.*)?$ http://blog.<redacted>.com/$1 permanent; } location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { if (-f $request_filename) { expires max; break; } } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } Here's the non-ssl config server { listen 80; server_name <redacted>.com www.<redacted>.com; root /home/app/<redacted>/public; passenger_enabled on; rails_env production; location /blog { rewrite ^/blog(/.*)?$ http://blog.<redacted>.com/$1 permanent; } location ~* \.(js|css|jpg|jpeg|gif|png)$ { if (-f $request_filename) { expires max; break; } } error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html; location = /50x.html { root html; } } Let me know if there's any additional info I can give to help diagnose the issue.

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• Reusing Raid 5 Drive?

  - by User125

  We have two servers (ML530 G2 and DL380G2) w/ identical HP 10K RPM SCSI drives w/ a raid 5. One is decommissioned and the other will be decommissioned shortly. However, one of the drives on the production server had a drive failure. My hope was to take one of the drives from the decommissioned server and pop it into the production server. Both are running RAID 5. I broke the array on the decomm. server. To my knowledge, that should have wiped out all the volume and partition information. However, I do not know if it is safe to then take a drive from the decomm'ed server and replace the failed drive. Will the existing array see it as a replacement drive, wipe it and rebuild? Or will it fail because it was used in an array before. Are there any remnant data that resides on the drives after deleting a raid 5 array? These servers are 10-15 years old, so we're just trying to keep them alive until we decommission it. I'm not looking to pay a premium to find a vendor that still sells replacement drives for this system.

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• How to install (old) packages for Ubuntu 9.04?

  - by wchrisjohnson

  Based on some excellent feedback by Mark here (http://serverfault.com/questions/285598/should-i-clone-a-physical-server-to-create-a-vm-for-a-staging-server), today I was able to use the vmware converter to clone my production server for a staging server. However the nic won't come up no matter what I do. I attempted to inistall vmware tools, as I suspect that the fact that it is not installed might prevent the nic from working. (I have the nic set as a vmxnet3 card in the vm settings). The install failed because there were several dependencies missing as well as the Linux headers. Given that Ubuntu 9.04 has been EOL'd, the packages I need to install to get the vmware tools to install are no longer available. I doubt the ubuntu 9.04 install CD has the packages on it. What are my options? I'd rather not upgrade the version of Ubuntu yet, as the point of the vm right now is to maintain parity with the production server. Might I have better luck resetting the driver to use vmxnet2 instead of the vmxnet3? Thanks in advance! Chris

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• Sudo won't execute command as another user

  - by TOdorus

  I'm trying to get a unicorn server to start when the server boots. I've created a shell script which works if I log as the ubuntu user and run /etc/init.d/unicorn start Shell script #!/bin/sh case "$1" in start) cd /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/ unicorn_rails -c /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/config/unicorn.rb -D -E production ;; stop) if ps aux | awk '{print $2 }' | grep `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid`> /dev/null; then kill `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/uni$ ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; esac When I rebooted the server I noticed that the unicorn server wasn't listening to a socket. Since I ran the code succesfully as the ubuntu user I modified the script to let it always use the ubuntu user via sudo. #!/bin/sh case "$1" in start) cd /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/ sudo -u ubuntu unicorn_rails -c /home/ubuntu/projects/asbest/current/config/unicorn.rb -D -E production ;; stop) if ps aux | awk '{print $2 }' | grep `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/unicorn.pid`> /dev/null; then sudo -u ubuntu kill `cat ~/projects/asbest/current/tmp/pids/uni$ ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; esac After rebooting unicorn still wouldn't start, so I tried running the script from the command line. Now I get the following error sudo: unicorn_rails: command not found I've searched high and low to what could cause this, but I'm afraid I've tapped my limited understanding of Linux. From what I can understand is that although sudo should use the ubuntu user to execute the commands, it still uses the environment of the root user, which isn't configured to run ruby or unicorn. Does anybody have any experience with this?

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• ESX 3.5 refuses to update

  - by Speeddymon

  I have a set of ESX 3.5 servers in 2 different datacenters. One is DR, one is production. They are on the same vlan and so I can access any of them on the private network from my vCenter server. Last month, as a learning experience (I hadn't dealt with ESX much before), I updated the DR server. Other than finding out that a couple of bundles had to be installed manually in order to get the rest to install from vCenter, it went off without a hitch. Now, I'm trying to do the same for our production servers and it is not working. I've googled around for the error I get during scan, and investigate loads of different solutions (editing the integrity file, checking DNS, etc) -- I did install the 2 bundles that had to be installed manually already -- but scan from vCenter is just not working. Side note: I did just scan the DR server again and that scan works fine so shouldn't be a problem with vCenter that has cropped up recently -- it has to be something else. The error I get is: Patch metadata for (servername) missing. Please download updates metadata first. Failed to scan (servername) for updates. I'm all out of ideas on how to make this work, so any help would be hugely appreciated.

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