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• Is a matching entry in /etc/hosts required for hostname?

  - by JohnWoltman

  I was installing a Tomcat webapp that refused to work until I stumbled on someone else's issue with an unrelated product. The solution was to add the machine's name to /etc/hosts, to match the name returned by hostname. Is this required for general Linux networking to function correctly? My webapp is running in a virtual machine so that I can test the webapp, and I don't normally bother with the /etc/hosts file on VMs. I just shook my fist and cursed Tomcat and webapp's behavior. I read http://serverfault.com/questions/118823, but that doesn't say if it's required or not.

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• Keyloggers and Virtualization

  - by paranoid

  Whilst pondering about security, and setting up different VM for certain online activities deemed more risky or requiring extra security (banking, or visiting untrusted websites, etc), I came to think about how such a setup (different VMs for different uses) would defend me against a keylogger. So, two questions then: 1: If a keylogger has been installed inside a VM, can it capture data outside its own VM? 2: The opposite, does a keylogger in a host capture strokes typed within a VM residing in that host? My bet would be No and Yes respectively, but I really have no idea. Anyone else does?

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• Limit disk I/O one program creates?

  - by Posipiet

  Hardware: one virtualization server. Dual Nehalem, 24GB RAM, 2 TB mirrored HD. Software: Debian, KVM, virt-manager on the server with several virtual machines that use Linux too. 2 TB Disk is a big LVM, each VM gets a logical volume and makes its own partitions in that. Problem: One of the programs that runs on one of the VMs creates huge disk load. This never was an issue, because the program never ran on such a powerful hardware. Now the CPUs are fast, and lots of I/O is the result. We cant do much against that at the moment, because the tool is a black box. On the other hand, the speedy computation is welcome. The program creates about 5 GB of temp files which get overwritten during the next iteration. Question: How can we limit the disk I/O for the process?

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• Setting DNS suffix for multiple network adapters in a VM

  - by arun_bh

  Is there a way to set the DNS Suffix for multiple network adapters in a VM using the sysprep file? We are trying to setup Windows 2003 VMs with 2 network adapters. In the one adapter case the sysprep we are able to set the suffix using DNSDomain. But this doesnt work in the 2 adapter case. The The VM is setup corrently though without any issues but one of our apps relies on the DNS Suffix value to work correctly. Thanks in advance.

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• Tools to monitor guest OS performance in vSphere

  - by Quick Joe Smith

  I am looking for some tool or way to retrieve performance data from guest VMs running under vSphere 4.1. I am currently interested in the 4 basic metrics: CPU(%), Memory(%), Disk availability(%) & Network utilisation(Kb/s). The issue I have is that all of vSphere's performance data is from a ESXi host perspective (active, shared, consumed, overhead, swapped etc.) which is far removed from the data from the VM's own perspective. For instance, I have a Windows server VM idling, using around 410MB (~25% of its allocated 2GB) as reported by Task Manager, and this is the value I'm after. vSphere's metrics seem unable to arrive at this figure by any reliable and repeatable means. Is anyone aware of tools that can obtain this kind of data? The simpler, the better.

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• routing traffic between two network cards through firewall

  - by RubyFreak

  I'm trying to test a network device (firewall) using a Linux box, with two network cards, one interface connected to the WAN zone and another interface to LAN zone. The configuration is similar with that |ETH0| <-> | FW | <-> ETH1 So from both interfaces I'm able to ping the respective firewall interface. But i'm not able to fire something like: ping -I eth0 ip.from.eth1 and to get any answer. Is that possible or should the linux network namespace solution or user level tcp stacks (VMs are out of question)

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• How likely can my data be recovered after Windows CHKDSK performed on a degraded RAID 5 array?

  - by chrisling106

  Hello there, We have a RAID 5 setup with 3 SATA disks, #2 went down as reported on the pre-POST screen. Unfortunately, for some reason out of my control, the system was rebooted with a degraded RAID :-O Windows XP (64-bit) loaded, CHKDSK ran automatically and done its recovery! From that point onwards, the following error prompts every time even in Safe Mode: lsass.exe - The endpoint format is invalid I took those 3 disks to the data recovery expert and need to wait at least 2-4 days for results. There are 2 VMs on multiple files stored in this RAID 5 array, and there's no backup! Sorry, I just inherited the system from an ex-staff who has left the company 2 months before I joined. How likely the data can be recovered?

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• How to present shared storage for MS Cluster Services running on vSphere 5

  - by MDMarra

  I've seen two approaches to handling the presentation of shared storage to Windows Server 2008 R2 cluster VMs on VMWare vSphere. One is the traditional method of carving out a LUN on your SAN and presenting it to both hosts through the Microsoft ISCSI software initiator. The other method is to make a vmdk on an existing LUN and attach it to both hosts and made it an independent disk so that it isn't affected by snapshots. Is one way the "correct" way, or are both viable? Is there any advantage or disadvantage to doing either?

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• Convert VM running on Linux hypervisor to OVF/VMDK

  - by blade

  Hi, I have a bunch of VMs on a Linux hypervisor (cloudsigma.com to be precised). I want to convert these to deploy to an ESX hypervisor (opsource cloud server), but need to create an ovf with the vmdk. I don't have access to the hypervisor of either service but opsource allow me to import ovf/vmdk so this is possible. What tool can create an ovf (With vmdk) of a Windows OS? I am not sure if VCenter Converter would work as it requires access to the hypervisor, if I remember correctly. I am hoping for something like vhd2disk which will create a .vhd of the currently running, parent Windows OS on a system. Thanks

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• Web based console connections not working in Windows 7 posted: Jan 20, 2010 8:55 AM

  - by nmeth

  For slightly complicated reasons we tend to give people console access to VMs via the webui. This has worked fine in the past, however when the users update their client machines to Windows 7 (or Vista, I am told, although I have not tested that), then the console fails to work. On IE8, having allowed the ActiveX control, the tab causes a "Internet Explorer has stopped working" dialog. On Firefox 3.5 , once the plugin has been installed, using the console causes the browser to crash. I've updated to the most recent VC 2.5 release, and ESX 3.5u5. Anyone else seeing this? Any clues how to get round it (other than using the fat client). Nigel.

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• Make 2 virtual machines ping in virtual box

  - by darkheir

  I'm trying to make 2 virtual machines communicate in Virtual Box, but whitout any success. Here are the step I have done: I setted both VMs in Internal networking mode (using VBoxManage modifyvm "VM name" --nic<x> intnet) I setted the DHCP server that is built into VirtualBox to manage IP addresses :VBoxManage dhcpserver add --netname intnet --ip 10.13.13.100 --netmask 255.255.255.0 --lowerip 10.13.13.101 --upperip 10.13.13.254 --enable But then both of the VM have the same IP Adresse (10.13.13.101) and even if set the IP manually, the Virtual Machines are not pinging each other.

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• Keeping rackspace vserver alive

  - by mit

  It appears to me that rackspace somehow freezes cloud VMs after some idle time. This means the first page request to a php page takes much longer to respond than the subsequent requests. I am actually querying a machine with wget from a different host now to keep it "alive". But I wonder what frequency would be necessary. Does anyone know the time period after which they send a VM to "sleep"? I guess it would be some minutes. EDIT: There is no caching involved on the php site. It just recently moved from another vhost and there was never such latency on the first request.

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• Configuring BIND to use VM's DNS for specific domain

  - by Srirangan

  I work on a project for which I use an Ubuntu server vm on an Ubuntu host. The VM runs all the services / webapps through haproxy and nginx and serves it on the domain (xyz.com). I manually modify my resolv.conf to use the VMs IP address as the nameserver and I can run my app on the host browser. The problem is I am modifying an auto-generated file (resolv.conf) and I need to do it each time. Is there a smart way to say: -- are you accessing xyz.com? -- if yes use VM's DNS server, else use the hosts

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• Setting DNS Siffix for multiple network adapters in a VM

  - by arun_bh

  Is there a way to set the DNS Suffix for multiple network adapters in a VM using the sysprep file? We are trying to setup Windows 2003 VMs with 2 network adapters. In the one adapter case the sysprep we are able to set the suffix using DNSDomain. But this doesnt work in the 2 adapter case. The The VM is setup corrently though without any issues but one of our apps relies on the DNS Suffix value to work correctly. Thanks in advance.

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• How can I set up VLANs in a way that won't put me at risk for VLAN hopping?

  - by hobodave

  We're planning to migrate our production network from a VLAN-less configuration to a tagged VLAN (802.1q) configuration. This diagram summarizes the planned configuration: One significant detail is that a large portion of these hosts will actually be VMs on a single bare-metal machine. In fact, the only physical machines will be DB01, DB02, the firewalls and the switches. All other machines will be virtualized on a single host. One concern that has been is that this approach is complicated (overcomplicated implied), and that the VLANs are only providing an illusion of security, because "VLAN hopping is easy". Is this a valid concern, given that multiple VLANs will be used for a single physical switch port due to virtualization? How would I setup my VLANs appropriately to prevent this risk? Also, I've heard that VMWare ESX has something called "virtual switches". Is this unique to the VMWare hypervisor? If not, is it available with KVM (my planned hypervisor of choice)?. How does that come into play?

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• Configuring BitLocker on existing Windows Server 2008

  - by neildeadman

  On our file server, we want to enable BitLocker so that we can encrypt a single drive and I know that we have to also encrypt the drive the system is installed on. In my tests with VMs, I have to create a partition on the same disk as Windows is installed either before I install Windows or after (I can use the BitLocker Drive Preparation Tool). This tool shrinks the C: drive to make way for a 1.5GB partition. I'm a little concerned about doing this with a live system so wanted to see if it was possible to get BitLocker to use a partition on another drive?

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• VMware Server guest systems are extremely slow with IO load on host (Ubuntu 8.04)

  - by Dennis G.

  We are experiencing performance issues with a VMware Server 2.x installation on an Ubuntu 8.04 host. When the host system is generating IO load (for example, copying large files as part of a backup operation), the guests (also Ubuntu 8.04) become extremely unresponsive and slow (simple Apache HTTP requests taking 5 seconds instead of the usual 200ms). We tried optimizing various aspects of the VMs, but the issue remains. Is there a known bug with VMware performance under linux if host IO load is high? Is there a way to fix this? Is this only an issue with Ubuntu systems, or have you seen it on other systems before? Thanks!

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• Staggering java linux process startup to prevent OOM

  - by ctennis

  I am running a number of java processes on a single Linux machine. From a memory and computing standpoint, everything is fine when things are static. However, periodically we use a configuration management package up upgrade the jar or war files, and restart the java process. The problem is, that is restarts them all relatively quickly, and so we get 10 or so java VMs restarting all at the same time (we use daemontools for the service stops/starts), which wreaks havoc on the machine, in terms of OOMs or just really slow. This is because it's spawning the JVM 10x at the same time. Other than trying to stagger the startups, is there a smarter way of handling this? Maybe a sysctl tuning performance parameters, or a JVM parameter?

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• How do I make a Windows virtual machine replicate to another datacenter/cloud?

  - by zippy

  We have a Windows 2008 VM running IIS and SQL Server Express (it's an all-in-one web application). We need to have another copy at our secondary datacenter site. What is the best way to do this? It doesn't have to be running all the time but it has to have almost the latest copy of the current VM. I took a look at VMWare Fault Tolerance and after the heart attack at the price I starting looking for another solution. If need be I wouldn't mind copying it over to a cloud VM provider, if I can find one that lets me copy my own VMs up and start them up without any conversion process.

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• What disk setup is needed / best practice for hypervisor-only servers?

  - by Luke404

  Planning to buy some servers to run an hypervisor (Citrix XenServer or VMware vSphere, still have to decide between the two) we'd like to boot off the local redundant SD card module offered by various vendors (eg. Dell, HP, etc...). The actual VMs will run from an existing iSCSI SAN (which, by the way, can't support booting the servers directly off the SAN). What are the reasons, if any, to choose completely diskless servers VS having some local storage? And what would be the guidelines to choose that local storage? (number of spindles, raid level, etc)

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• Full screen not available in vmplayer 6 (on Linux)

  - by Simon

  I recently updated vmware player from 5.0.2 to 6.0.0, and now the "full screen" menu item is always grayed out. It happens with all my VMs, regardless of the guest OS. "Enter Unity" is still available for some reason. When I edit a VM to start up in full screen it works, but once I leave full screen I can't go back, which is really annoying. I've no clue where to start looking for the cause. I'm seeing this on Ubuntu 13.04 and OpenSUSE 12.3.

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• Monitoring host and app parameters in real-time

  - by devopsdude42

  I have a bunch of VMs that I need to monitor in real-time. For all nodes I need to watch host parameters like load, network usage and free memory; and for some I need app-specific metrics too, like redis (some vars from the output of INFO command) and nginx (like requests/sec, avg. request time). Ideally I'd also like to track some parameters from the custom apps that run on these node too. These parameters should get tracked as a bunch of line charts on a dashboard. I checked out graphite and it looks suitable (although the UX and aesthetics looks like it needs some love). But setting up and maintaining graphite looks to be a pain, esp. since we don't have a full-time person just for this. Are there any alternatives? Or at least something that is simpler to setup and will scale? Reasonable paid services are also ok.

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• Pygrub with DRBD on Xen 3.2

  - by Joril

  Hi all, we have a two-node cluster using DRBD 8.2 on CentOS 5.2 64bit. The cluster runs a few VMs on top of Xen 3.2.1, here's the configuration for an Ubuntu Jaunty VM: name = 'dev' bootloader = '/usr/bin/pygrub' memory = '512' vif = [ 'ip=192.168.1.217,mac=00:16:3E:CD:60:80' ] disk = [ 'phy:/dev/drbd24,xvda1,w', 'phy:/dev/drbd25,xvda2,w' ] As you can see, the disks are specified like "phy:", and as such pygrub doesn't know a thing about the underlying drbd device... So my problem is that even though the VM boots just fine, it doesn't handle the state of the drbd device. As a result, when for some reason the device gets to a secondary/secondary state, the VM won't boot, and I have to manually specify which node is primary. I read that starting with Xen 3.3 pygrub understands the "drbd:" specification, and I think that it would fix my problem, but I can't upgrade Xen at the moment... Is there a workaround? For example, could I use the 3.3 version of pygrub? Thanks!

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• Adaptec 2020SA RAID controller Set up in RAID5, one drive went down, can I still get data?

  - by SJaguar13

  I have 6 1tb drives in a RAID5. 1 drive went down. On the RAID was 2 virtual machines that I really need back up and running. The spare drive I have to put in the server is a 1.5tb drive, which exceeds the physical per drive limit of the 2020SA. The drive is found in the disk utility, but it is not found in the array management section. I cannot add the drive to the array to have it rebuild. I have a replacement drive along with some spares on their way from Newegg, but I am still looking at a few days of downtime. Is it possible to use the 5 working drives to get the VMs copied off and on to another server or do I just have to wait for the drives to get here?

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• KVM to Xen migration

  - by qweet

  I've recently been appointed to create some VMs for production use, and went gung ho into making a KVM based VM instead of finding out what our production server uses. I've only recently found out though that our own servers use Xensource OS, and don't look like they're going to be upgraded in the near future. So for the moment, I'm stuck with either two choices- attempting to convert the KVM VM into a Xen VM, or rebuilding what I have into a new Xen VM. Being the lazy person I am, I would rather not have to rebuild the VM. I've looked for some documentation on a procedure to do this, but the only thing I can come up with is an ancient article with some vague instructions. So this is my question, Server Fault- can one migrate a KVM running on a KVM kernel to a Xen kernel? And if so, how?

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