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• Intermittent NFS lockups on Isilon cluster

  - by blackbox222

  We have an Isilon cluster with 8 IQ 12000x nodes which exports storage via several NFS shares for a handful of Linux and Solaris clients. There is a Linux system that has one of these NFS filesystems mounted. I/O to this filesystem is moderately heavy from the Linux system. Every 3-4 weeks (it's not on any kind of discernible schedule, and sometimes is more/less frequent than this), we notice that all activity ceases on this NFS mount (the process hangs, as if the network stopped working so process is stuck in uninterruptible sleep) - 30 minutes later, the share recovers and things continue to work normally. The kernel log from the affected machine is as follows: Dec 3 10:07:29 redacted kernel: [8710020.871993] nfs: server nfs-redacted not responding, still trying Dec 3 10:37:17 redacted kernel: [8711805.966130] nfs: server nfs-redacted OK relevant /etc/fstab line: nfs-redacted:/ifs/nfs/export_data/shared/...redacted... /data nfs defaults 0 0 I've checked to see if there are any scheduled processes e.g. cron jobs, Isilon related functions e.g. snapshots, etc that might be causing these hangups but I can't seem to find anything. I'm also not aware of any network related issues or maintenance that would cause this. All of the lockups last almost exactly 30 minutes per the kernel logs. Perhaps someone has some suggestions I could try? (I considered a soft mount to avoid the problems associated with processes accessing the filesystem hanging; however am wary of the corruption that could result and it would not really solve the underlying issue anyway).

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• Measure Total Bandwidth for Billing

  - by TonyZ

  I am setting up a new network which customers will host their applications on. It needs to be able to scale out to a few hundred servers and each server will have several VMs on it. Right now in my test environment, after the telco router, we are using a Linux router/firewall which is then connected to a Layer 2 switch. Could be a layer 3 in the future. I need to track total bandwidth per VM for each machine, and I need to do it in a way that it is not part of the VM. Each VM will have a private class ip address which is Natted by the gateway, or we may eventually run more than firewall/reverse proxy off a layer 3 switch. So my thinking is that I can do it off of a promiscuous port on the switches, or at the gateway firewall. I would like to have an out of the box solution, preferably open source. Does anyone have suggestions on the easiest way to set this up, and the easiest tool to use. I have looked at the web sites for Nagios, Zenoss, Zabbix, ntops on the firewall, etc. It is hard to ascertain just from the web sites if they do exactly this or not. Obviously, performance is also somewhat key here. Anything running on the gateway should not drag it down doing traffic accounting. Thanks for any thoughts. Tony Zakula

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• Motion - takes snapshot without motion detected

  - by Emmanuel Brunet

  I've been installed the standard motion 3.2.12 package on debian 7.5. I would like to get snapshot ONLY when motion is detected, but it still saves a picture every second without any activity in front of the camera. I'm using a TENVIS JPT3815W IP camera motion.conf here is my configuration file setup_mode off target_dir /media/videos/log/webcam netcam_url http://webcam/snapshot.cgi netcam_tolerant_check on netcam_userpass admin:alpha1237 # Output frames at 1 fps when no motion is detected and increase to the # rate given by webcam_maxrate when motion is detected (default: off) webcam_motion off output_all off # detection settings 1-255 default 32 noise_level 50 # Maximum framerate for webcam streams (default: 1) webcam_maxrate 25 pre_capture 0 framerate 25 gap 30 locate on mail [email protected] text_right "FRONT CAMERA %Y/%m/%d - %T" text_double on ffmpeg_cap_new on ffmpeg_cap_motion on ffmpeg_video_codec mpeg4 output_motion off snapshot_interval 0 # Quality of the jpeg (in percent) images produced (default: 50) quality 90 # Restrict webcam connections to localhost only (default: on) webcam_localhost off # Limits the number of images per connection (default: 0 = unlimited) # Number can be defined by multiplying actual webcam rate by desired number of seconds # Actual webcam rate is the smallest of the numbers framerate and webcam_maxrate webcam_limit 0 Issue when I start motion images are stored in /media/videos/log/webcam nearly every second. I hjust want to get images when a motion is detected and the according video clip Any idea where the configuration fails ?

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• Windows 2012 RDS Temporary profile for Administrator

  - by Fabio

  I've configured a Windows 2012 RDS Farm with two virtual servers (VMWare - each one on a different ESX server). Both servers have Licensing, Web Access, Gateway, Connection Broker and Session Host roles. High Availability is set up and it works fine. Remote Apps are working and even Windows XP clients have access to the web interface. User profile path is \vmfiles1\UserProfileDisks\App\ and almost everyone has full right access to it. The problem I have is that I would like to be able to access both servers at the same time with the Administrator account (console), but each time I try, the second server that I logon to give me access with a temporary profile. I tried to enable/disable multiple sessions per user and forced Admin logoff with the GPO but nothing changed. Another thing is that the server pool is not saved, so each time I restart the RDS server or I logoff from it, I have to add a server in the server manager. Do you have any idea? Sorry if my english is not perfect.

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• Defrag starting when not scheduled. What is triggering the defrag

  - by leroyclark

  I have a fileserver that is starting a defrag around 2:00 PM everyday. This is killing performance as it runs for ours becuase this is a file server and has multiple drives. All scheduled tasks regarding defrag have been disabled. I have verified that it is accessing the data drives(using SysInternals tools). The reason I might have though otherwise was the event log has multiple entries regarding defragging a db file related to shadow copies. Oh yes these drives take shadow copy snapshots multiple times per day but the times of them don't coincide with the defrag task. There is nothing in the event logs regarding defrag except those noted above in relation to shadow copies. I'm out of ideas looking for what is starting these jobs. One possiblility is that the drives are not being defgramented, but being analyized to determine if they need to be defragmented. I manually ran an analysis and the cpu usage(by dfrgntfs.exe) seems to be similar to what I'm seeing everday while the defrag process is running. However I've found no setting that schedules this analysis.

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• Mac SMB connections to Windows 2003 server, leaving Open Files

  - by Bruce Garlock

  We have several Mac clients (Both 10.5, and 10.6) mounting a share from a Windows 2003 server. At least once a day, our archivist will go into this share to archive items from it, to the backup server. Most of the time, she has no issues: she copies the folder to the archive server, when it's done, she deletes it from this share. Then, she will come upon one, and it will say she doesn't have permission. When I go into the Open sessions, it will say that a particular user has a READ lock on the file, in Windows 2003. Of course, this person does not have the file open, and the only way we can delete it, is to close the open session on the file. My thoughts: The Mac likes to "sprinkle" Hidden "Resource Forks" on SMB servers, and possibly, when this Mac who last wrote to that share, closes out of the file, and these files still exist. Windows 2003 has a bug, that doesn't properly "release" the OPLOCK on the file? Steve Ballmer just doesn't like Mac's, so he wants to annoy everyone by not releasing file locks :-) What can be done about this? It happens every day, and sometimes several times per day! Many thanks, Bruce

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• Why does this preseed for gitolite fail?

  - by troutwine

  I'm installing gitolite on a Debian Squeeze box with the following preseed: gitolite gitolite/gituser string git gitolite gitolite/adminkey string ssh-rsa AAAAB3ECT gitolite gitolite/gitdir string /var/lib/git On installation: # debconf-set-selections /var/cache/debconf/gitolite.preseed # apt-get install gitolite Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done Suggested packages: git-daemon-run gitweb The following NEW packages will be installed: gitolite 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 26 not upgraded. Need to get 0 B/114 kB of archives. After this operation, 348 kB of additional disk space will be used. Preconfiguring packages ... Selecting previously deselected package gitolite. (Reading database ... 24715 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking gitolite (from .../gitolite_1.5.4-2+squeeze1_all.deb) ... Setting up gitolite (1.5.4-2+squeeze1) ... adduser: The home dir must be an absolute path. dpkg: error processing gitolite (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 1 configured to not write apport reports Errors were encountered while processing: gitolite E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Why? The pre-seed was extracted from a manually configured installation, per here and exists without issue on another machine.

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• While loop read multiple lines from a grep

  - by Basil

  I'm writing a script in AIX 5.3 that will loop through the output of a df and check each volume against another config file. If the volume appears in the config file, it will set a flag which is needed later in the script. If my config file only has a single column and I use a for loop, this works perfectly. My problem, however, is that if I use a while read loop to populate more than one variable per line, any variables I set between the while and the done are discarded. For example, assuming the contents of /netapp/conf/ExcludeFile.conf are a bunch of lines containing two fields each: volName="myVolume" utilization=70 thresholdFlag=0 grep volName /netapp/conf/ExcludeFile.conf | while read vol threshold; do if [ $utilization -ge $threshold ] ; then thresholdFlag=1 fi done echo "$thresholdFlag" In this example, thresholdFlag will always be 0, even if the volume appears in the file and its utilization is greater than the threshold. I could have added an echo "setting thresholdFlag to 1" in there, see the echo, and it'll still echo a 0 at the end. Is there a clean way to do this? I think my while loop is being done in a subshell, and changes I make to variables in there are actually being made to local variables that are discarded after the done.

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• Virtual Fileserver

  - by Sergei

  Hi, We are planning to move our production servers to the datacenter and virtualize remaining servers in the process.Datacenter will have HP blades with vSphere on top.Currentliy we are using Celerra NS20 as fileserver.Since datacenter is using HP kit and EVA 4400 as SAN, we cannot have Celerra there, as EMC supoprt for Celerra does not work for non EMC array. I have searched for possible options and one of them was to have HP NAS blade X3800sb instead of Celerra.However this seems like overkill for me.We are only using Celerra for about 100 users and 50 servers and I think having X3800sb could be waste of resources. The other option would be to have a virtual fileserver as a part of vmware environment in datacenter.We only need CIFS to be provided.The only option I can think of is Windows Storage server.We had a bad expirience with Windows servers used as fileservers ( memory leaks one thing) in the past and this was one of the reasons we moved to Celerra. What are the other options?We need something as reliable as Celerra with as many options as possible.For example , Celerra has per folder quotas, deduplication, dynamic volume allocation, automatic failover, VTLU, replication. Also we would need to replicate NAS data to the failover site.We could use block level replication , SAN-to-SAN, but this would mean wasted bandwidth, as we need only subset of folders to be replicated.We used CA XSoft for windows servers in the past and Celerra has option for Celerra replication. Thank you very much in advance, Please ask me if I missed any details!

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• IIS Digest repeatedly asking for authentication

  - by David Budiac

  I have a development copy of an ASP.NET intranet site checked out and running on my local machine. We're using digest authentication to allow users to log in using their active directory accounts. On my development copy only, Digest sometimes will repeatedly prompt for login information usually ~9 times per page request. After repeatedly logging in (or it also works to cancel out of 8 out of the 9 prompts), I can use the site as normal. I cannot pinpoint what is triggering the issue. Sometimes this problem triggers upon the next page request, sometimes after I edited/saved/refreshed a page, and sometimes it doesn't happen at all. Each prompt triggers several logon (Event ID 4624 & 4672) security events in the Events Viewer. Shortly after each burst of logon events, I'll see a burst of logoff events (Event ID A co-worker who has a nearly an identical setup (Windows 7, IIS 7) is not experiencing the issue. Our production copy (that is running on a different server) also does not experience the issue. We've tried to compare our settings in IIS, not really finding any differences. I'm using chrome but I've experienced the issue in other browsers.

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• Tracking down the cause of a web service fault running in IIS

  - by BG100

  I have built a web service in Visual Studio 2008, and deployed it on IIS 7 running on Windows Server 2008 R2. It has been extensively tested, handles all errors gracefully and logs any uncaught errors to a file using log4net. The system normally runs perfectly, but occasionally (2 or 3 times a day) a fault occurs and screws up the application which needs an iisreset to get it working again. When the fault occurs I get some random errors that are caught by my catch-all error log, such as: Value cannot be null. Could not convert from type 'System.Boolean' to type 'System.DateTime'. Sequence contains no elements These errors are raised on every request until I manually do an iisreset, but there is no sight of them when the system is running normally. The web service is a stateless request-response application. Nothing is stored in the session. It could be load related, but I doubt it as there are only around 30 or 40 requests per minute. This is proving very tricky to track down. I can't work out what is putting IIS into this bad state, and why it needs an iisreset to get it working again. Nothing is reported in the event log. Can anyone suggest how to enable more extensive logging that might catch this fault? Also, does anyone know what might be causing the problem?

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• IIS7: How to block access with a web.config file?

  - by neves

  I know that IIS7 allows me to have a per directory configuration with the web.config xml file. I have a directory with some configuration files that don't want to be web accessible. A local web.config file forbidding read access to it would be a nice solution. What should be the contents of a web.config file to forbid web access to the files? Edit: I'm trying to put a web.config file with these contents in a file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> <configuration> <system.web> <authorization> <deny users="*" /> <!-- Denies all users --> </authorization> </system.web> </configuration> But I can still directly access a file inside the directory. What's wrong with it? How do I debug what's happening?

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• Understanding RedHats recommended tuned profiles

  - by espenfjo

  We are going to roll out tuned (and numad) on ~1000 servers, the majority of them being VMware servers either on NetApp or 3Par storage. According to RedHats documentation we should choose the virtual-guestprofile. What it is doing can be seen here: tuned.conf We are changing the IO scheduler to NOOP as both VMware and the NetApp/3Par should do sufficient scheduling for us. However, after investigating a bit I am not sure why they are increasing vm.dirty_ratio and kernel.sched_min_granularity_ns. As far as I have understood increasing increasing vm.dirty_ratio to 40% will mean that for a server with 20GB ram, 8GB can be dirty at any given time unless vm.dirty_writeback_centisecsis hit first. And while flushing these 8GB all IO for the application will be blocked until the dirty pages are freed. Increasing the dirty_ratio would probably mean higher write performance at peaks as we now have a larger cache, but then again when the cache fills IO will be blocked for a considerably longer time (Several seconds). The other is why they are increasing the sched_min_granularity_ns. If I understand it correctly increasing this value will decrease the number of time slices per epoch(sched_latency_ns) meaning that running tasks will get more time to finish their work. I can understand this being a very good thing for applications with very few threads, but for eg. apache or other processes with a lot of threads would this not be counter-productive?

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• WSS Search fills 10 GB limit on SBS server 2011

  - by Kactus

  I've got a SBS Server 2011 Standard SP1 that isn't very busy. 2 Users local and 2 remote. We have sharepoint that has maybe a dozen small documents at most. I've just started getting the following two error occur Could not allocate space for object 'dbo.MSSBatchHistory'.'IX_MSSBatchHistory' in database 'WSS_Search_SERVER' because the 'PRIMARY' filegroup is full. Create disk space by deleting unneeded files, dropping objects in the filegroup, adding additional files to the filegroup, or setting autogrowth on for existing files in the filegroup. And CREATE DATABASE or ALTER DATABASE failed because the resulting cumulative database size would exceed your licensed limit of 10240 MB per database. Digging around in SQL manager I see that WSS Search DB file size is 10241MB, the log file is only 147 MB Firstly, why is WSS Search taking up so much space? How can I stop it from doing so, and what can I do now to get things running ok. I know about log file truncating and this isn't the case here since the log is tiny. Any help is appreciated. There is plenty of free space on the disk (791GB free) Thanks Kactus

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• ffmpeg: converting an avi to a reduced, shareable flv/mp4...

  - by meder

  I recently followed a guide and recompiled my ffmpeg so x264 is enabled. I used some generic settings to convert my 700 MB avi file to a mp4 file, the result was a 407MB mp4 file. The original avi file's settings: Codec: DX50 Resolution: 704x304 Frame rate: 23.976023 Stream 1 Codec: mpga Type: Audio Channels: 2 Sample rate: 48000 Hz Bitrate 179 kb/s Command I used: ffmpeg -i input.avi -acodec libfaac -ab 128k -ac 2 -vcodec libx264 -vpre hq -crf 22 -threads 0 output.mp4 The settings of the output file (output.mp4): Codec: avc1 Resolution: 704x304 Display resolution: 704x304 Frame rate: 11.988011 Stream 1 Codec: mp4a Type: Audio Channels: 2 Sample Rate: 48000 Hz Bits per sample: 16 Bitrate: 1536 kb/s The quality of the output mp4 is pretty nice, it seems as if it's pretty much the same as the original source. However, I'm trying to reduce the filesize and I'm not really sure whether I should go with an flv format or keep it mp4. The advantage the flv would have obviously is that it would be playable with a flash player ( I have come across some swf players which take a flash parameter to play an flv file ).. but maybe I could use the video element, as I'm only going to be displaying this video privately so I don't have to worry about supporting legacy browsers such as IE. Can someone recommend some settings to specify in order for the filesize to be around ~100-150MB or so? I don't mind a reduction in quality, nor do I mind resizing it - I was going to do it initially but I wasn't sure what the guidelines were ( if any ) for dealing with resolution.. since this video's is 704x304 would it still be ok if I forced it into one that isn't perfectly fit for the aspect ratio? I have no clue about that part. I realize that I could have probably specified 28 instead of 22 for the CRF, I'm not sure if I should do that as opposed to maybe specifying smaller resolution, which might make it smaller as well?

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• why does mysql have so many more open and fragmented tables than tables in the DB?

  - by kswift

  I've been working making our database run a little smoother and had good results over the past week. But there are still some things I dont understand. For one thing, the database has 25 tables. But mysql status shows 512 are open: mysqladmin status Uptime: 212854 Threads: 1 Questions: 43041 Slow queries: 7 Opens: 2605 Flush tables: 1 Open tables: 512 Queries per second avg: 0.202 I've read that isam opens extra file descriptors and a few other reasons why the number of open tables might be higher than 25, but I am guessing that 512 is not a good thing. Any suggestions on why this might be or what I should be looking into? I've also been using mysqltuner and its been helpful. But it has consistently listed the number of fragmented tables at 207. In phpmyadmin I've selected all the tables and optimized them several times. It hasn't reduced the number of fragmented tables that mysqltuner reports. I think I am missing some important concept about how this all works. Does anyone have any suggestions to point me in the right direction or narrow down google searches or just generally help me be less clueless? Thanks!

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• How to test server throughput

  - by embwbam

  I've always used apache benchmark to try to get a rough idea of how many requests/second my server can handle. I read that it was good, and it seemed to work well. Enter node.js, which is fully event-based, so it never blocks. If I run apache benchmark on a simple hello world server it can handle 2500 requests per second or so. However, if I put a timeout in the hello world function, so that it responds after 2 seconds, apache benchmark reports a dramatically reduced throughput: about 50/s. I'm running 100 concurrent connections with ab. If I increase the concurrency, it goes up. This makes sense, because apache benchmark is basically sending out requests in batches of 100, which come back every 2 seconds. 100 requests / 2 seconds = 50 requests / second If I increase the concurrency to about 400 or 500, it starts to crash. I don't think I've hit node.js's limit, I think I'm hitting a wall in my operating system on the number of open file descriptors or sockets or something. Any way I can get a good guess about how many requests my server can handle? I want to make sure the test computer isn't the one causing the problem.

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• "Network Error - 53" while trying to mount NFS share in Windows Server 2008 client

  - by Mike B

  CentOS | Windows 2008 I've got a CentOS 5.5 server running nfsd. On the Windows side, I'm running Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise. I have the "Files Services" server role enabled and both Client for NFS and Server for NFS are on. I'm able to successfully connect/mount to the CentOS NFS share from other linux systems but am experiencing errors connecting to it from Windows. When I try to connect, I get the following: C:\Users\fooadmin>mount -o anon 10.10.10.10:/share/ z: Network Error - 53 Type 'NET HELPMSG 53' for more information. (IP and share name have been changed to protect the innocent :-) ) Additional information: I've verified low-level network connectivity between the Windows client and the NFS server with telnet (to the NFS on TCP/2049) so I know the port is open. I've further confirmed that inbound and outbound firewall ports are present and enabled. I came across a Microsoft tech note that suggested changing the "Provider Order" so "NFS Network" is above other items like Microsoft Windows Network. I changed this and restarted the NFS client - no luck. I've confirmed that the share folder on the NFS server is readable/writable by all (777) I've tried other variations of the mount command like: mount 10.10.10.10:/share/ z: and mount 10.10.10.10:/share z: and mount -o anon mtype=hard \\10.10.10.10:/share * No luck. As per the command output, I tried typing NET HELPMSG 53 but that doesn't tell me much. Just "The network path was not found". I'm lost on how to proceed with troubleshooting. Any ideas?

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• Server nearly unusable when doing disk writes

  - by Wikser

  My question closely relates to my last question here on serverfault. I was copying about 5GB from a 10 year old desktop computer to the server. The copy was done in Windows Explorer. In this situation I would assume the server to be bored by the dataflow. But as usual with this server, it really slowed down. At least I could work with the remote session, even there was some serious latency. The copy took its time (20min?). In this time I went to a colleague and he tried to log in in the same server via remote desktop (for some other reason). It took about a minute to get to the login screen, a minute to open the control panel, a minute to open the performance monitor, ... Icons were loading maybe one per second. We saw the following (from memory): CPU: 2% Avg. Queue Length: 50 Pages/sec: 115 (?) There was no other considerable activity on the server. The server seldom serves some ASP.NET pages, which became also very slow in this time. The relevant configuration is as follows: Windows 2003 SEAGATE ST3500631NS (7200 rpm, 500 GB) LSI MegaRAID based RAID 5 4 disks, 1 hot spare Write Through No read-ahead Direct Cache Mode Harddisk-Cache-Mode: off Is this normal behaviour for such a configuration? What measurements could give further clues? Is it reasonable to reduce the priority of such copy I/O and favour other processes like the remote desktop? How would you do that? Many thanks!

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• How to link to a subfolder of a share?

  - by Nicolas Raoul

  On my Windows XP server, a folder called Share2 is shared. It contains a subfolder called folder3. The guest account is protected by a password, which means network users have to type the guest password to access it. When a user types \\server\Share2 in his file explorer, he is prompted for a password. When a user types \\server\Share2\folder3 in his file explorer, an error appears. He is not even prompted for a password. This is problematic because I want to link to this particular folder. How can I link to folder3? Notes: - Both Desktop shortcuts and HTML links in IE7/8 give an error if I link to folder3, but work if I just link to Share2. - Using the file:// syntax instead of the \\ syntax leads to the same results. - Password setting per http://www.lancelhoff.com/how-to-password-protect-a-shared-folder - Not using "Simple File Sharing" - The error message is ???????????????????????? which means "could not find it. check the path and try again". No English Windows around to try, sorry! It is easy to reproduce the problem though, so can anyone post the English error message for the sake of searchability? Thanks!

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• In an environment with multiple WiFi access points, do wireless clients sometimes connect to both at the same time?

  - by Bobby Burgess

  This is more of a curiosity than a problem, but in this new office I have two D-link DAP-2553's connected in a master/slave array (this just means the master keeps certain configuration options aligned with the slave). The network is set to 802.11n-only, and each AP has the same SSID and WPA2 key. The only difference is that they are on different channels (1 and 11). The WiFi network itself is working well. Users can roam around and the signal/speed is fairly consistent. However, I notice that when I look at the 802.11 client list in the web admin page for each of the 2 APs, I see that certain clients are connected to both, for extended periods of time, but I assume they are only passing data through one of them. Not every client is seen on each AP, but at any given time the same MAC address of a WiFi adapter can be associated (and remain associated) with both APs. The client list auto-refreshes every few seconds so I believe I'm looking at the most recent rather than stale information. One of the WiFi adapters that consistently associates with both APs is an Intel Centrino Wireless-N 1030 (laptop chip). Is it part of the WiFi standard that more than one association per WiFi card can be established concurrently on separate APS?

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• Setting up a network where packets are traced

  - by Marcus

  My situation is the following: I have an internet connection, which is shared between people. More or less obviously, people is using it to download illegal stuff. Since I'm the owner of the connection, I want to avoid being sued. I don't want to prevent the people from doing the things they want, but I want to be legally safe. Now, I have relatively little competences in network administration, so I was wondering: is it possible to setup a network, where the source and destination of the packets are logged? I would use this to prove, in case of lawsuit, that the traffic was coming from a given machine. if the idea is feasible, is there any wireless router on which I can install linux, where I can install the packet sniffer? how much space could the logs take (containing only the timestamp/source/destination), per GB of traffic? a very rough estimation would be very helpful. if a machine on my network is sending bittorrent packets to a certain IP, would this log be able to reflect the time, source ip and destination ip? I assume that obviously the torrent data would be encrypted and un-decryptable. Am I missing something? Is there a better strategy? Any pointer to documentation would be helpful as well - in that case, I would use this as starting point.

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• FastGate A20 Line And Himem.sys Issue With Updating BIOS

  - by Boris_yo

  I have been persistent with a thought to perform my first BIOS update ever through MS-DOS but have been postponing this task until today. Despite people telling me any bootable ISO will do it either through CD-ROM or RAMDRIVE, I am still having problems. First is the problem with CD-ROM driver trying to make it work with 4 driver files (cd1.SYS, cd2.SYS, cd3.SYS, cd4.SYS) as well as starting RAMDISK proved to be failure: CD-ROM XMS Allocation Error RAMDISK XMS Allocaton Error (X: and R: drives not working) This A20 line seemed to be the obstacle which then after a couple of searches pointed me to this article on Microsoft website. It seems that FastGate is the culprit which takes over A20 line and conflicts with himem.sys which should be handling it causing the driver to be unable to allocate memory resources. Albeit article suggests 2 workarounds which is disabling FastGate option or adding switch, I read that the former workaround could cause problems which involves later tinkering BIOS, disabling shadow copy etc. while the latter workaround can just hang system as stated in the link above. I assume it just hangs the boot process from image file though. Summing up the above, I am cautious and think it is risky to follow both workarounds because disabling FastGate or trying adding switch by trying available switches from 1-14 or 16, could crash the BIOS update process by itself. I could do this without the need for himem.sys with bootable USB thumbdrive by making it to be seen as USB-HDD, but some time ago I read that it is never a good idea to update BIOS from hard drive so even thought it is simulation, who knows... Maybe it will deactivate hard drive in the middle of the BIOS update process or even USB thumbdrive per se? One forum discussion was about updating BIOS and somebody suggested to not load himem.sys for some reason, but now that I think of it, what if BIOS update needs upper memory?

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• How to determine the Kerberos realm from an LDAP directory?

  - by tstm

  I have two Kerberos realms I can authenticate against. One of them I can control, and the other one is external from my point of view. I also have an internal user database in LDAP. Let's say the realms are INTERNAL.COM and EXTERNAL.COM. In ldap I have user entries like this: 1054 uid=testuser,ou=People,dc=tml,dc=hut,dc=fi shadowFlag: 0 shadowMin: -1 loginShell: /bin/bash shadowInactive: -1 displayName: User Test objectClass: top objectClass: account objectClass: posixAccount objectClass: shadowAccount objectClass: person objectClass: organizationalPerson objectClass: inetOrgPerson uidNumber: 1059 shadowWarning: 14 uid: testuser shadowMax: 99999 gidNumber: 1024 gecos: User Test sn: Test homeDirectory: /home/testuser mail: [email protected] givenName: User shadowLastChange: 15504 shadowExpire: 15522 cn: User.Test userPassword: {SASL}[email protected] What I would like to do, somehow, is to specify per-user basis to which authentication server / realm the user is authenticated against. Configuring kerberos to handle multiple realms is easy. But how to I configure other instances, like PAM, to handle the fact that some users are from INTERNAL.COM and some from EXTERNAL.COM? There needs to be an LDAP lookup of some kind where the realm and the authentication name is fetched from, and then the actual authentication itself. Is there a standardized way to add this information to LDAP, or look it up? Are there some other workarounds for a multi-realm user base? I might be ok with a single realm solution, too, as long as I can specify the user name - realm -combination for the user separately.

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• Kickstart: Serve dynamic kickstart images via a CGI or PHP script?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I'd like to kickstart a couple dozen RHEL6/SL6 servers. However, some of these servers are different and I don't want to create a new ks.cfg file for each class of server. Are there any products which can generate a Kickstart file dynamically on the fly, from a template? For example, if I append a line like this to the KERNEL: APPEND ks=http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/ks.cgi Then the script ks.cgi can determine what host this is (Via the MAC address), and print out Kickstart options which are appropriate for that host. I could optionally override some options by passing parameters to the script, like this: APPEND ks=http://192.168.1.100/cgi-bin/ks.cgi?NODETYPE=production&IP=192.168.2.80 After we kickstart the server, we activate Cfengine/Puppet on this system and manage the system using our favorite Configuration Management product. We're experimenting with xCAT but it is proving too cumbersome. I've looked into Cobbler, but I'm not sure it does this. Update: A roll-your-own solution is discussed in the O'Reilly book: Managing RPM-Based Systems with Kickstart and Yum, Chapter 3. Customizing Your Kickstart Install Dynamic ks.cfg, which echos some of the comments in this thread: To implement such a tool is beyond the scope of this Short Cut, but I can walk through the high-level design. Any such solution would mix a data store (the things that change) with a templating solution (the things that don’t change). The data store would hold the per-machine data, such as the IP address and hostname. You would also need a unique identifier, perhaps the hostname, such that you could pick up a given machine’s data. The data store could be a flat file, XML data, or a relational database such as PostgreSQL or MySQL. In turn, to invoke the system, you pass a machine’s unique identifier as a URL parameter. For example: boot: linux ks=http://your.kickstart.server/gen_config?host-server25 In this example, the CGI (or servlet, or whatever) generates a ks.cfg for the machine server25. But where, oh where, is the code for ks.cgi?

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