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• Boot stuck at blinking cursor before GRUB - only works via BIOS boot menu

  - by delta1

  I have a new box running Debian Squeeze. Grub is installed on /dev/sda, but when booting up I just get a blinking cursor, before the Grub menu. I can only boot to grub successfully when I choose boot options (during post) and select that specific drive! I have made sure the correct drive is set to boot first in the BIOS. So Grub works, but the system won't boot to that drive automatically? Any ideas on what could cause this? Drives sda/b/c are all 2TB (sda runs the system with b/c as raid device md0) with the following partitions: $ cat /proc/partitions major minor #blocks name 8 0 1953514584 sda 8 1 977 sda1 8 2 9765625 sda2 8 3 6445313 sda3 8 4 1937302627 sda4 8 32 1953514584 sdc 8 16 1953514584 sdb 9 0 1953513424 md0 but # fdisk -l /dev/sda gives WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. Disk /dev/sda: 2000.4 GB, 2000398934016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 243201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 243202 1953514583+ ee GPT Any insight into this strange behaviour would be greatly appreciated.

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• Is there a way to use VirtualBox without using it's resource registry?

  - by Catskul

  Summary VirtualBox seems to want everything to be "registered" which makes it much more annoying to work with on the command line. I'm attempting to create an automated script which will create, move, start, stop, and destroy virtual machines and virtual disks. Requiring registration will complicate the task for the following reasons. leaves state information around that can cause unpredicted edgecases causing scripts to fail. creates potential name space collisions for multiple process creating VMs with the same name moving/copying resources on the same machine is more complicated because references in the registry need to be updated copying resources (disk + vm combination) to another machine require reconfiguration once they reach their target machine, and require the transfer of extra meta data to do the reconfiguration. If something unexpectedly fails, and an unregister thus fails to happen, left over configuration information can cause problems in subsequent runs. Use Case My specific use case is for a continuous integration server which creates and destroys VMs and Disk images potentially with the same name, and would require more logic to deal with the registry's statefulness. Imaginary Example It seems that I should just be able to for example (using some imaginary and/or incorrect commands): mkdir foobar customdiskimg_script ./foo/foo.vdi vboxmanage createvm --name "foo" --ostype Linux --basefolder ./foo/foo.xml vboxmanage storagectl ./foo/foo.xml --name foo --add ide vboxmanage storageattach --storagectl foo --medium ./foo/foo.vdi ./foo/foo.xml vboxmanage startvm ./foo/foo.xml TLDR Is there a way to use virtualbox without "registering" harddisks and VMs?

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• What are the typical methods used to scale up/out email storage servers?

  - by nareshov

  Hi, What I've tried: I have two email storage architectures. Old and new. Old: courier-imapds on several (18+) 1TB-storage servers. If one of them show signs of running out of disk space, we migrate a few email accounts to another server. the servers don't have replicas. no backups either. New: dovecot2 on a single huge server with 16TB (SATA) storage and a few SSDs we store fresh mails on the SSDs and run a doveadm purge to move mails older than a day to the SATA disks there is an identical server which has a max-15min-old rsync backup from the primary server higher-ups/management wanted to pack in as much storage as possible per server in order to minimise the cost of SSDs per server the rsync'ing is done because GlusterFS wasn't replicating well under that high small/random-IO. scaling out was expected to be done with provisioning another pair of such huge servers on facing disk-crunch issues like in the old architecture, manual moving of email accounts would be done. Concerns/doubts: I'm not convinced with the synchronously-replicated filesystem idea works well for heavy random/small-IO. GlusterFS isn't working for us yet, I'm not sure if there's another filesystem out there for this use case. The idea was to keep identical pairs and use DNS round-robin for email delivery and IMAP/POP3 access. And if one the servers went down for whatever reasons (planned/unplanned), we'd move the IP to the other server in the pair. In filesystems like Lustre, I get the advantage of a single namespace whereby I do not have to worry about manually migrating accounts around and updating MAILHOME paths and other metadata/data. Questions: What are the typical methods used to scale up/out with the traditional software (courier-imapd / dovecot)? Do traditional software that store on a locally mounted filesystem pose a roadblock to scale out with minimal "problems"? Does one have to re-write (parts of) these to work with an object-storage of some sort - such as OpenStack object storage?

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• Blue screen of Death on Install

  - by Toby Allen

  I have a machine with Windows Vista Installed. It has an Intel X25 SSD as the System Drive I want to reinstall (I plan to format and overwrite Vista) with XP. When I boot up using the Dell XP CD it loads the initial drivers then i get a Blue Screen. This is quite concerning. The installed OS works ok, but its giving problems so I want to remove it. Should I just format the SSD and try again? Will this make any difference? Can I do something to avoid hitting the Blue Screen? Its possible I had corrupt sectors on one of the other disks, will a new XP install use the System drive or drive 0? Can I force the install to use a specific drive when installing? Error: *** STOP: 0x0000007B (0xF78D2524,0x0000034,0x00000000,0x00000000) I never did find the answer, however I removed the SSD and tried to install on other disk - CRASH I disconnected the other disk and tried to install with only SSD plugged in - CRASH I removed 1 block of RAM - CRASH I used a windows 7 CD - NO CRASH

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• file read performance degrades as number of files increases

  - by bfallik-bamboom

  We're observing poor file read IO results that we'd like to better understand. We can use fio to write 100 files with a sustained aggregate throughput of ~700MB/s. When we switch the test to read instead of write, the aggregate throughput is only ~55MB/s. The drop seems related to the number of files since the throughput for read and write are comparable for a single file then diverge proportionally as we increase the number of files. The test server has 24 CPU cores, 48GB of memory, and is running CentOS 6.0. The disk hardware is a RAID 6 array with 12 disks and a Dell H800 controller. This device is partitioned with ext4 using the default settings. Increasing the readahead (using blockdev) improves the read throughput significantly but it still doesn't match write speed. For instance, increasing the readahead from 128KB to 1M improved the read throughput to ~145MB/s. Is this a known performance issue in our OS/disk/filesystem configuration? If so, how can we tell? If not, what tools or tests can we use to further isolate the issue? Thanks.

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• How do I speed up and cache mmap file access over NFS on Linux?

  - by Zan Lynx

  The server and client are both 64-bit Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. The application in question is a custom app that uses mmap() for fast random file access. Its ideal state is when the entire file is cached in RAM. The network connections are really fast 10Gb Ethernet. It is a virtual server blade setup. It isn't the network connections slowing things down because everything performs superbly when using a virtual disk (iSCSI to the SAN). But when we run the application on a NFS home directory mount, performance goes to the dogs. It appears that the Linux kernel isn't caching anything. So it is reading every single disk block needed by mmap() accesses over and over and over again. The NFS mount is done through autofs, which has only default settings. /proc/mounts shows the NFS mount is done with the following options: rw,relatime,vers=3,rsize=131072,wsize=131072,namlen=255,hard,proto=tcp,timeo=600,retrans=2,sec=sys,mountaddr=192.168.11.52,mountvers=3,mountproto=tcp,addr=192.168.11.52 How can I make Ubuntu 10.04 cache the file instead of reloading it all the time?

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• WIN7 constant BSOD 0x7B on boot, not producing any dump files where to go from here?

  - by prayingpantis

  So my one win 7 pc has been getting a BSOD on boot (roughly a sec after load screen starts) after a power failure. The complete stop code is 0x0000007B (0x80786B58, 0xC0000034,0x00000000,0x00000000) I've searched for quite a while now on the net and it seems like most people gave up after gettting 0x7B and no dump files. What I've tried so far: startup repair - reports it cannot repair computer automatically. BadPatch is reported somewhere in a problem signature contained in the problem details. startup repair with a WIN 7 CD - also fails, I can't recall what the error was, but it was not the same as the error produced with the start up tool shipped with the version of WIN 7 installed on my machine (I think the text had something ACL-ish contained in it) used a boot disk (Hiren's boot iso) - I used it to enable the CrashDump registry key and then after BSOD, read the HDD's dump locations but it was empty. Note, I'm quite sure the registry keys I edited are the correct ones, since the reboot on BSOD option was enabled by default and after I changed the regkey controlling this functionalitty to 0 the BSOD stayed after I booted again. check disk - works and returns no problems, also it seems I'm able to access all my files on the HDD. mem test - works and returns no errors So I'm not sure what else I can do to figure out what is the problem here. I read somewhere that you can use WINDBG to remote debug another PC, but I'm not sure if this is possible since the OS isn't even loaded yet? Also the last driver change I made on the system was installing a video driver, but I had no problems with it and were able to reboot several times until the power outage happened and the BSOD appeared. Any help or guidance for a way to DEBUG this problem would really be appreciated (I'm not really that keen to try a whole bunch of random fixes, I'd rather try and narrow down the problem first).

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• What Logs / Process Stats to monitor on a Ubuntu FTP server?

  - by Adam Salkin

  I am administering a server with Ubuntu Server which is running pureFTP. So far all is well, but I would like to know what I should be monitoring so that I can spot any potential stability and security issues. I'm not looking for sophisticated software, more an idea of what logs and process statistics are most useful for checking on the health of the system. I'm thinking that I can look at various parameters output from the "ps" command and compare to see if I have things like memory leaks. But I would like to know what experienced admins do. Also, how do I do a disk check so that when I reboot, I don't get a message saying something like "disk not checked for x days, forcing check" which delays the reboot? I assume there is command that I can run as a cron job late at night. How often should it be run? What things should I be looking at to spot intrusion attempts? The only shell access is SSH on a non-standard port through UFW firewall, and I regularly do a grep on auth.log for "Fail" or "Invalid". Is there anything else I should look at? I was logging the firewall (UFW) but I have very few open ports (FTP and SSH on a non standard port) so looking at lists of IP's that have been blocked did not seem useful. Many thanks

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• Almost All Logical Volumes Disappeared - Recovery?

  - by Alex

  We had a hard disc crash of one of two hard discs in a software raid with a LVM on top. The server is running Citrix xenserver. On the hard disk which is still intact, the volume group gets detected well, but only one LV is left. (some hashes replaced by "x") # lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae/MGT VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae LV UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-vQmZ6C LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 0 LV Size 4.00 MiB Current LE 1 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 253:0 root@rescue ~ # vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name VG_XenStorage-x-x-x-x-408b91acdcae System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 1 Open LV 0 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 698.62 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 178848 Alloc PE / Size 1 / 4.00 MiB Free PE / Size 178847 / 698.62 GiB VG UUID x-x-x-x-x-x-53w0kL I could understand if a full physical volume is lost - but why only the logical volumes? Is there any explanation for this? Is there any way to recover the logical volumes? EDIT We are here in a rescue system. The problem is that the whole server does not boot (GRUB error 22) What we are trying to do is to access the root filesystem. But everything was in the LVM. We have only this: (parted) print Model: ATA SAMSUNG HD753LJ (scsi) Disk /dev/sdb: 750GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: msdos Number Start End Size Type File system Flags 1 32.3kB 750GB 750GB primary boot, lvm And this 750GB LVM volume is exactly what we see on top.

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• sql server uninstallation issue

  - by angel

  I'm unable to remove SQL Server 2008 sp1 completely from my system. I'm using windows 7 ultimate. Everytime I try uninstalling it i get the following error. How can I remove it? here is the log: Overall summary: Final result: Failed: see details below Exit code (Decimal): -2068643839 Exit facility code: 1203 Exit error code: 1 Exit message: Failed: see details below Start time: 2013-06-24 21:10:38 End time: 2013-06-24 21:21:17 Requested action: Uninstall Log with failure: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Setup Bootstrap\Log\20130624_210908\sql_rs_Cpu64_1.log Exception help link: http://go.microsoft.com/fwlink?LinkId=20476&ProdName=Microsoft+SQL+Server&EvtSrc=setup.rll&EvtID=50000&ProdVer=10.0.1600.22 Machine Properties: Machine name: ABHI-PC Machine processor count: 4 OS version: Windows Vista OS service pack: Service Pack 1 OS region: United States OS language: English (United States) OS architecture: x64 Process architecture: 64 Bit OS clustered: No Product features discovered: Product Instance Instance ID Feature Language Edition Version Clustered Sql Server 2008 MSSQLSERVER MSRS10.MSSQLSERVER Reporting Services 1033 Enterprise Edition 10.0.1600.22 No Sql Server 2008 Management Tools - Basic 10.0.1600.22 No Package properties: Description: SQL Server Database Services 2008 SQLProductFamilyCode: {628F8F38-600E-493D-9946-F4178F20A8A9} ProductName: SQL2008 Type: RTM Version: 10 SPLevel: 0 Installation edition: ENTERPRISE User Input Settings: ACTION: Uninstall CONFIGURATIONFILE: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Setup Bootstrap\Log\20130624_210908\ConfigurationFile.ini FEATURES: RS,SSMS,SNAC_SDK,CE_RUNTIME,CE_TOOLS,SNAC HELP: False INDICATEPROGRESS: False INSTANCEID: INSTANCENAME: MSSQLSERVER MEDIASOURCE: QUIET: False QUIETSIMPLE: False X86: False Configuration file: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Setup Bootstrap\Log\20130624_210908\ConfigurationFile.ini Detailed results: Feature: SQL Client Connectivity Status: Skipped MSI status: Passed Configuration status: Passed Feature: SQL Client Connectivity SDK Status: Skipped MSI status: Passed Configuration status: Passed Feature: Reporting Services Status: Failed: see logs for details MSI status: Passed Configuration status: Failed: see details below Configuration error code: 0xFFD65603 Configuration error description: Input string was not in a correct format. Configuration log: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Setup Bootstrap\Log\20130624_210908\Detail.txt Feature: SQL Compact Edition Tools Status: Passed MSI status: Passed Configuration status: Passed Feature: SQL Compact Edition Runtime Status: Skipped MSI status: Passed Configuration status: Passed Feature: Management Tools - Basic Status: Failed: see logs for details MSI status: Passed Configuration status: Passed Rules with failures: Global rules: There are no scenario-specific rules. Rules report file: C:\Program Files\Microsoft SQL Server\100\Setup Bootstrap\Log\20130624_210908\SystemConfigurationCheck_Report.htm

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• Recovering a broken NTFS filesystem?

  - by OverTheRainbow

  A much-needed Windows Update broke a Vista laptop that was running fine until then: After booting up, Windows displays "Please wait..." but it never goes anywhere. I waited for a couple of hours, there is a bit of disk activity, but it didn't work out in the end. I booted with the Vista DVD, chose "Repair your computer" which said that there was nothing wrong :-/ Next, I booted it up with a Linux USB keydrive, and ran Gparted 0.8.1 (which includes ntfsresize v2011.4.12AR.4 libntfs-3g) which displays a bunch of warnings for the NTFS partition where the Vista system is located such as: ntfs_mst_post_read_fixup: magic: 0x00000000 size: 1024 usa_ofs: 0 usa_count: 65535: Invalid argument Record 16 has no FILE magic (0x0) Next, I ran ntfsfix /dev/sda2, which said: Mounting volume... OK Processing of $MFT and $MFTMirr completed successfully. NTFS volume version is 3.1. NTFS partition /dev/sda2 was processed successfully. Next, I rebooted Vista, which did a CHKDSK, before rebooting. But I'm still getting nowhere with "Please wait..." Before I copy the user's data to another host and reinstall Vista from a DVD, does someone know what I could try? Thank you. Edit: In case someone else has the same issue... After the BIOS, hit F8 and choose "Repair your computer", followed by "Toshiba HDD Recovery". In addition to a 1,5GB partition labelled "WinRE", the hard disk contains a second partition labeled "Data" from which the application will fetch a system image and reinstall it in the "Vista" partition. Make sure you copy your data out of the system partition before doing this.

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• Puppet: is it ok to "force" certname when you expect to shuffle nodes around?

  - by Luke404

  We all know (good example on SF) that Puppet hostname detection could be... fun. At our company (and I guess we're not alone at this) we usually pre-configure servers at our offices and test them before bringing the gear to a remote datacenter and rack them. Of course the reverse dns will change when doing that, even if we don't change the actual hostname of the system. We're slowly drafting our puppet setup and I'd like to be sure those moves won't create problems. My idea is to explicitly configure the desired full FQDN of the system as certname in puppet.conf at server provision time (before the very first puppet run). My process would look something like this: basic o.s. installation basic network configuration, enough to reach the internet and resolve dns install puppet and set up certname start puppet and let him manage the whole configuration test, fix problems in config (via puppet), re-test, and so on... manually stop puppet set up new network configuration for the datacenter network move the machine to DC turn it on puppet should automatically start and keep on doing its job The process is supported by detecting the environment in puppet's manifests (eg. based on subnet, like they do at Wikimedia) and modify configuration as needed (eg. resolv.conf contents appropriate for each network). Each node's certname will never change for the whole system life cycle. Is there any problem with this approach? Could it be improved?

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• How to fix Windows 7 device removal notification loop

  - by Barry Kelly

  Bit of an odd one this. One of our PCs is getting caught in a loop some time after being turned on, usually after a USB storage device has been attached - sometimes an iPod, sometimes a GPS. Specifically, Windows Explorer starts showing a drive icon and letter (E:, as of right now) for the System partition (the small hidden one at the start of the boot drive). Then, the icon disappears. Then it reappears again. And disappears. It does this very quickly, at what looks like maybe 50 times a second. CPU usage in this loop is also very high; averages about 66%. This machine has an i7 920 CPU, which is quad core with hyperthreading; so this usage rate works out to about 5 100% busy threads, along with whatever normal idle load is (particularly Task Manager itself). Inspecting with Process Explorer shows that the device removal notification infrastructure has gone berserk. The threads in system service processes (i.e. apart from Windows Explorer) which are using all the CPU power relate to device notification. The Disk Management MMC snap-in also fails to run when the loop starts. The only way to break the loop, it seems, is to reboot the machine. Anyone seen anything similar to this, and know of a way to fix it? Machine details: Windows 7 x64, fully patched i7 920, 12GB RAM Intel SSD 80GB (X25-M, I believe; not G2) 2TB 5.2K disk for bulk storage AMD HD 5870 Further hardware details await. I'm going to go through and update all drivers I can find.

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• Unnamed, hidden partitions on my 500 GB HD, HP Pavilion dm4 Laptop

  - by emotionull

  I have multiple doubts here. Its a Seagate 500GB 7200RPM HD. I had installed it few months back after my original Laptop HD stopped working. The current drives on my latop, as shown by the Windows Disk Management are: After installing the new HD, I had done a complete clean install of Windows 7 and I didn't create any parition myself, manually. So there are 4 drives. Even previously, before I installed this new HD, my laptop had 4 Partitions. But the there were no un-named partitions like the two in this case. The other two were HP tools and Recovery or something. It was pre-configured, Factory installed Windows. Also, now when I right cick on the unnamed Drives from Disk Management, all the options are greyed out (see image) except the delete partition image. So how do I know what's inside those partitions? Will it be ok if I delete them? I want install Ubuntu and dual boot it with my current windows installation. I cannot do it in current setup as there are already 4 partitions of my HD and if I will try to make a new partition, it will be a logical one (correct me if I am wrong here). So can I delete the un-named, hidden partitions and use them for Ubuntu? A bit unrelated question. As a backup option, can I use the Windows 7's Backup and Restore facility to keep a complete backup of all the drivers and system softwares.

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• MysqlTunner and query_cache_size dilemma

  - by wbad

  On a busy mysql server MySQLTuner 1.2.0 always recommends to add query_cache_size no matter how I increase the value (I tried up to 512MB). On the other hand it warns that : Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Here are the last results: >> MySQLTuner 1.2.0 - Major Hayden <[email protected]> >> Bug reports, feature requests, and downloads at http://mysqltuner.com/ >> Run with '--help' for additional options and output filtering -------- General Statistics -------------------------------------------------- [--] Skipped version check for MySQLTuner script [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.5.25-1~dotdeb.0-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics ------------------------------------------- [--] Status: +Archive -BDB -Federated +InnoDB -ISAM -NDBCluster [--] Data in InnoDB tables: 6G (Tables: 195) [--] Data in PERFORMANCE_SCHEMA tables: 0B (Tables: 17) [!!] Total fragmented tables: 51 -------- Security Recommendations ------------------------------------------- [OK] All database users have passwords assigned -------- Performance Metrics ------------------------------------------------- [--] Up for: 1d 19h 17m 8s (254M q [1K qps], 5M conn, TX: 139B, RX: 32B) [--] Reads / Writes: 89% / 11% [--] Total buffers: 24.2G global + 92.2M per thread (1200 max threads) [!!] Maximum possible memory usage: 132.2G (139% of installed RAM) [OK] Slow queries: 0% (2K/254M) [OK] Highest usage of available connections: 32% (391/1200) [OK] Key buffer size / total MyISAM indexes: 128.0M/92.0K [OK] Key buffer hit rate: 100.0% (8B cached / 0 reads) [OK] Query cache efficiency: 79.9% (181M cached / 226M selects) [!!] Query cache prunes per day: 1033203 [OK] Sorts requiring temporary tables: 0% (341 temp sorts / 4M sorts) [OK] Temporary tables created on disk: 14% (760K on disk / 5M total) [OK] Thread cache hit rate: 99% (676 created / 5M connections) [OK] Table cache hit rate: 22% (1K open / 8K opened) [OK] Open file limit used: 0% (49/13K) [OK] Table locks acquired immediately: 99% (64M immediate / 64M locks) [OK] InnoDB data size / buffer pool: 6.1G/19.5G -------- Recommendations ----------------------------------------------------- General recommendations: Run OPTIMIZE TABLE to defragment tables for better performance Reduce your overall MySQL memory footprint for system stability Increasing the query_cache size over 128M may reduce performance Variables to adjust: *** MySQL's maximum memory usage is dangerously high *** *** Add RAM before increasing MySQL buffer variables *** query_cache_size (> 192M) [see warning above] The server has 76GB ram and dual E5-2650. The load is usually below 2. I appreciate your hints to interpret the recommendation and optimize the database configs.

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• Why does my ftp(e)s server fails like half of the time

  - by user1092608

  I have this discussion at work regarding our ftp server running via vsftpd. Initially, we have opted to serve ftpes instead of sftp because this seemed the most flexible and straightforward solution for our server to have secure file transmission. Afterwards, our ftp server seems to be a source of issues for our end users. Half of the time, users complain about not working ftp connections. I must say, i tested our FTP trough different infrastructures (=in the field, at random times at random places) and indeed, sometimes behind some configurations (=no idea how they are configured, because the 'field' testing), i recieve errors. Some of the are: Error: Failed to retrieve directory listing (filezilla) Furthermore, behind my basic home configuration, everything seems to be running fine. I (think I) did all the basic configuration checks (passive mode?, firewall for all ports?, ...) and can't seem to find the source. Being a bunch of techies at our small office, yet knowing nothing about infrastructure, some start suggesting that ftps protocol could be the source of issues. ("No, i only knew sftp so far" "Ftps is not widespread"). I, however, strongly doubt this hypothesis, since reading around on the www, asking questions on serverfault, everyone seems to deny this. So, as I would like to avoid reconfiguring, since this involves messing around in our SSH service, our virtual user setup and ftp service, i would need some advice on 1) what could be potentially the general cause? 2) do you have some general tips? 3) would you mind having a look at my configuration file? ----- General Settings ----- write_enable=YES dirmessage_enable=YES nopriv_user=ftpsecure ftpd_banner="Welcome to XXXX FTP!" hide_ids=YES hide_file=.* max_per_ip=10 max_clients=10 local_enable=YES local_umask=022 chroot_local_user=YES secure_chroot_dir=/usr/share/empty userlist_enable=NO userlist_deny=YES userlist_file=/etc/vsftp_deny_users guest_enable=YES guest_username=ftpvirtual virtual_use_local_privs=YES user_sub_token=$USER local_root=/srv/ftp/ftpvirtual/$USER anonymous_enable=NO syslog_enable=NO xferlog_enable=YES xferlog_file=/var/log/vsftpd_xfer.log connect_from_port_20=YES pam_service_name=vsftpd listen=YES listen_port=21 pasv_enable=YES pasv_min_port=30000 pasv_max_port=30030 pasv_address=foo ssl_enable=YES rsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd.pem rsa_private_key_file=/etc/vsftpd.pem force_local_data_ssl=YES force_local_logins_ssl=YES ssl_tlsv1=YES ssl_sslv2=YES ssl_sslv3=YES ssl_ciphers=HIGH anon_mkdir_write_enable=NO anon_root=/srv/ftp anon_upload_enable=NO idle_session_timeout=900 log_ftp_protocol=NO dsa_cert_file=/etc/vsftpd.pem Thanks

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• When using software RAID and LVM on Linux, which IO scheduler and readahead settings are honored?

  - by andrew311

  In the case of multiple layers (physical drives - md - dm - lvm), how do the schedulers, readahead settings, and other disk settings interact? Imagine you have several disks (/dev/sda - /dev/sdd) all part of a software RAID device (/dev/md0) created with mdadm. Each device (including physical disks and /dev/md0) has its own setting for IO scheduler (changed like so) and readahead (changed using blockdev). When you throw in things like dm (crypto) and LVM you add even more layers with their own settings. For example, if the physical device has a read ahead of 128 blocks and the RAID has a readahead of 64 blocks, which is honored when I do a read from /dev/md0? Does the md driver attempt a 64 block read which the physical device driver then translates to a read of 128 blocks? Or does the RAID readahead "pass-through" to the underlying device, resulting in a 64 block read? The same kind of question holds for schedulers? Do I have to worry about multiple layers of IO schedulers and how they interact, or does the /dev/md0 effectively override underlying schedulers? In my attempts to answer this question, I've dug up some interesting data on schedulers and tools which might help figure this out: Linux Disk Scheduler Benchmarking from Google blktrace - generate traces of the i/o traffic on block devices Relevant Linux kernel mailing list thread

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• What I should know about memory management?

  - by bua

  first of all: I don't use stackadmin or similar so please don't vote for moving there, I'm reading man top and paper "what every programmer should know about memory ..." I need really simple explanation like for retard ;) Having following top dump: top - 11:21:19 up 37 days, 21:16, 4 users, load average: 0.41, 0.75, 1.09 Tasks: 313 total, 5 running, 308 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 0.4%us, 0.6%sy, 0.9%ni, 96.2%id, 0.1%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.9%si, 0.0%st Mem: 132103848k total, 131916948k used, 186900k free, 54000k buffers Swap: 73400944k total, 73070884k used, 330060k free, 13931192k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 3305 tudb 25 10 144m 52m 940 R 6.0 0.0 1306:09 app 3011 tudb 15 0 71528 19m 604 S 3.3 0.0 171:57.83 app 3373 tudb 25 10 209m 93m 940 S 3.0 0.1 1074:53 app 3338 tudb 25 10 144m 47m 940 R 2.7 0.0 780:48.48 app 4227 tudb 25 10 208m 99m 904 S 1.3 0.1 198:56.01 app 8506 tudb 25 10 80.7g 49g 932 S 2.0 39.6 458:31.22 app I'm wondering what is: RES (my expl. physical memory consumption ? see 49GB) VIRT (memory mapped disk to cache? see 80GB) SHR (shared pages?) Swap: (is this cached label - for memory mapped disk into swap cache?) Should sum of RES give MEM: X used? or maybe sum of VIRT?

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• Exchange 2010: Send emails via STMP with custom From address to outside the domain

  - by marsze

  The requirement(s): (1) Connect to Exchange via STMP and (2) basic authentication and send emails with a (3) custom From address to (4) recipients outside the domain. I was able to get (1) - (3) working. I created a dedicated receive connector for this task and configured it like this: Permissions: ms-Exch-SMTP-Accept-Any-Recipient (for authenticated users) ms-Exch-SMTP-Accept-Authoritative-Domain-Sender (for authenticated users) ms-Exch-SMTP-Accept-Any-Sender (for authenticated users) Authentication: TLS Basic Authentication (without TLS) Exchange Server Authentication However, I'm still struggeling with (4): I can send with "fake" From addresses to recipients inside the domain. Also, I can send with the original From address to recipients outside the domain. Can you tell me what I'm missing, to configure Exchange to send emails with changed From addresses to recipients outside the domain? (Or is this even possible at all?) Thanks. UPDATE I have to correct myself: it seems to be working after all. There must be some issue with the mailbox I used for testing. It turned out it's working with other external mailboxes. However, I still have no idea what was different there... Anyways, you can take this as a documentation on how to configure Exchange in such a way ;)

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• Windows 7 Synchronize folders BUT while some files are open

  - by Nick

  I need some way to synchronize 2 drives I have. I want to do this ofter (once a day or so) There is the main drive that I want to clone/synchronize on a backup hard disk. The problem is in that there is an open TrueCrypt file mounted as a drive, and its live. If you don't know what true crypt is, basically you create a file on a hard disk and that file is encrypted. It's constantly open and modified live. Also Its pretty large. 100GB + I will use freefilesync . There are many tools that can do that. My question is, is it safe to copy the encrypted file while its open ? Does the software freeze the file in one state and copies it ? Or will I get a corrupted file on the other drive ? It was not clear to me how windows handles that. I read something about shadow copy, and the software says that it supports this. Does anyone know something on the matter that can help me ? or some software that will work ok in my scenario ? Thanks

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• Force Installing a Radeon HD 2100 on Windows 8

  - by Click Ok

  I'm trying force installing a Radeon HD 2100 on Windows 8. I've found that link from AMD with the drivers for Windows7: http://support.amd.com/us/gpudownload/windows/legacy/Pages/legacy-radeonaiw-vista64.aspx I know too that AMD will stop support Radeon HD 400 and older: http://www.techspot.com/news/48321-amd-drops-windows-8-support-for-radeon-hd-4000-and-older.html Now, let's go to the problem. If I try install the 12.6 driver, Windows will stick with the "basic display adapter", and this is bad for 3d games like Minecraft, that runs really slow now compared with the previous Windows7 installation. Forcing install the catalyst driver can help to fix it. So, I follow that steps: Extract the Catalist Driver (C:\AMD\Support\12-6-legacy_vista_win7_64_dd_ccc_whql) Right click the "basic display adapter" on device manager, and "update driver" Search on PC I will choose the driver "With Disk" "C:\AMD\Support\12-6-legacy_vista_win7_64_dd_ccc_whql\Packages\Drivers\Display\W76A_INF" There is a big list of drivers and the nearest driver to HD 2100 is "Radeon HD 2350 Series" My questions: Why isn't "Radeon HD 2100 Series" listed? (or Where is it listed?) In theory it must be listed" The first link above show that "This article applies to the following configuration(s):" (...) "AMD Radeon HD 2000 Series" Am I doing something wrong?

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• Hard drive causing BSOD

  - by JoshIrving

  I've come across a problem after building my new PC and installing a clean Windows 7. I originally planed on a RAID 1 or 0 but after further research I decided against it. So I was left with two 1TB Western Digital Black SATA 6Gb/s hard drives. My plan now was to use my second hard drive as a backup (using Windows Backup or 3rd party software). I set both hard drives to AHCI in the BIOS and installed Windows 7. I went through the lengthy process of downloading and installing each driver manually (latest versions), using the motherboard disk for a list of what I need. After a few restarts and before installing any software, I took an image backup onto DVD and the second hard drive. First witnessed the problem during the first scheduled Windows backup. The progress bar froze at about 70% (doc backup done, image backup in progress). It stayed still for 2 hours until it blue screened. Next time the backup froze, I tried shutting down. It logged me out and got stuck at the last step ("Shutting down" and blue spinner) for an hour, until I hard shutdown. I later realised this hasn't got anything to do with the backup. I ended up blue screening on almost every shut down (same place). Turns out, it's because of the second hard drive spinning down or turning off. The computer will now shutdown properly, as long as I remember to read or write to the second drive before executing shutdown. I've now set "Turn off hard disk after: Never" - No problems, so far. Do I have dodgy hard drive(s) or should I investigate the POWER_STATE_DRIVER_FAILURE BSOD - can it be a driver issue? AHCI?

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• Windows XP VM on VMWare ESXi 4.1 "pausing" / blocked occasionally

  - by FelixD

  We have an issue with Windows XP SP3 VMs on VMWare ESXi 4.1.0 (the free version): They sometimes seem to "pause" for several minutes. This happens rarely (maybe once a month per VM, at least noticed only that often), but still is an issue for us. It happens for three different but similar VMs on three pretty different hosts (different hardware). I have the feeling that the "pausing" is not actually the CPU blocking, but probably the harddisks, but not 100% sure. The servers have one IDE disk (C:) and one SCSI (D:) and it might be either of the two. I have seen scheduled tasks simply not starting for up to 9 minutes and then running normally again with normal speed. They were totally blocked. This is not a load issue, the VMWare hosts have average load and the VMs in question already have reserved CPU resources plus high priorities for CPU and disk. The Windows boxes run mainly MySQL, Tomcat, FileZilla server, Cygwin stuff, Java + R applications, VMWare client, Elusiva Terminal Server pro, Nagios client. Not sure if this might be related with any of that software (e.g. Elusiva). Trying to debug this, there was nothing visible in Windows Event log, other logs in C:\Windows, VMWare events etc. Unfortunately the vmware.log file ends with "Log throttled". We found that we ran into 2 VMWare bugs there: The VMWare client writes lots on bogus messages in the vmware.log, which we now disabled (log level error setting) plus the bug that VMWare does not unthrottle the log (at least so far despite VM reboots). I know there is not much guidance and that may also be the reason why I so far didn't find anything related on the web or on ServerFault, but maybe some of this rings a bell with someone? Or please direct me to what more info to post. I hope that the vmware.logs get unthrottled eventually (can't easily restart the hosts at the moment). Thanks for any input!

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• How should an experienced Windows SysAdmin learn Linux? [closed]

  - by Systemspoet

  I have a new hire starting in a few weeks who is an experienced Windows SysAdmin. I think he's fairly senior on the Windows side, with a pretty deep AD understanding and experience with Exchange 2007, 2010, and exchange migrations. He's done a little PowerShell but I suspect more of the "run this command to do this" variety then "write a script to do this" sort. However, we are a mixed shop and (he knows this) I expect him to become a reasonably competent Linux SysAdmin over time. I'm looking for good starting points to bring him along. I have over ten years of Linux/UNIX experience, so it all sort of seems intuitive to me, but I've been thinking about the toolkit you actually need to be productive in the Linux CLI world. Just to be able to use the machines at all, off the top of my head... vi Basic CLI stuff -- move around, rename files, copy files, tar, gzip, changing passwords, finding relevant manpages, keep track of where you are, find things in your history, etc, etc. More advanced things that I take for granted but are actually pretty hard -- doing things with 'find', extracting relevant text via 'awk' and/or 'cut', knowing when to use 'grep' and when to use 'grep -e' or 'egrep'. Distribution specific stuff... compiling software, rpm, yum, apt-get, you name it. This all seems pretty basic to me, but when I think back to 1995 when I was first learning my way, some of those things took me years to master. So my question is -- where should I send him to pick up those skills? I'm not just thinking of classes, but rather also websites and books? Where do you all suggest as a starting point for picking up Linux skills?

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• Corsair SSD appears completely blank and does not retain written data

  - by ebanders

  I have a 180GB Corsair SSD (model# CSSD-F180GB2-BRKT) as the primary drive in a Windows laptop. Recently the machine became unbootable after installing Windows updates. Windows installed updates before the machine shut down and the next time the machine boot up it complained about not being able to find a bootable device. After finding fixmbr unsuccessful at making the machine unbootable, I investigated a little within knoppix. Fdisk revealed an empty partition table. A scan by Testdisk came up empty. And finally 'head -c 1024 | hd' reveals all zeros. Creating a primary partition spanning the whole disk completes successfully, but after a reboot the disk appears empty again. dmesg reveals no read or write errors. smartctl indicates that the drive is healthy- although the SMART attribute values do not appear to be read properly. "Data Page | WARNING: PREVIOUS ATTRIBUTE HAS TWO" and "Threshold Page | INCONSISTENT IDENTITIES IN THE DATA" messages appear within the table of values. I don't have much experience with SSDs. Is this drive dead or something? Can anyone recommend any diagnostic tools that may be suited for diagnosing SSDs?

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