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• MX records not correctly updated by the Google DNS servers

  - by Mac_Cain13

  We are currently losing some e-mail and we discovered that this is caused by a wrong DNS setting. We used a CNAME for our MX record an thats not allowed. So about 2 weeks ago we changed it to an A-record to fix the problem. It seems all major DNS services (like OpenDNS and ISPs) have synced their records and are returning correct results on our DNS queries. But Googles DNS service (at 8.8.8.8) is still returning the CNAME values and we still some e-mails are not delivered correctly. Query on OpenDNS: ; <<>> DiG 9.7.3-P3 <<>> mx wrep.nl @208.67.222.222 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 51231 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;wrep.nl. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: wrep.nl. 3595 IN MX 10 druif.wrep.nl. ;; Query time: 21 msec ;; SERVER: 208.67.222.222#53(208.67.222.222) ;; WHEN: Fri Nov 25 21:36:58 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 47 Query on Google DNS: ; <<>> DiG 9.7.3-P3 <<>> mx wrep.nl @8.8.8.8 ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 12124 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;wrep.nl. IN MX ;; ANSWER SECTION: wrep.nl. 2372 IN CNAME druif.wrep.nl. ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: wrep.nl. 572 IN SOA ns0.freshdns.nl. hostmaster.twilightinc.nl. 2011112401 14400 3600 604800 3600 ;; Query time: 94 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8) ;; WHEN: Fri Nov 25 21:38:10 2011 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 117 So is there anyone who can explain why Google is responding with a different (incorrect) result two weeks after the last change? And how can we get Google to update their DNS records correctly? Any help is very appreciated. (Please note that other domains that are managed by the same DNS servers/tools are working fine.)

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• Inheritance Mapping Strategies with Entity Framework Code First CTP5 Part 1: Table per Hierarchy (TPH)

  - by mortezam

  A simple strategy for mapping classes to database tables might be “one table for every entity persistent class.” This approach sounds simple enough and, indeed, works well until we encounter inheritance. Inheritance is such a visible structural mismatch between the object-oriented and relational worlds because object-oriented systems model both “is a” and “has a” relationships. SQL-based models provide only "has a" relationships between entities; SQL database management systems don’t support type inheritance—and even when it’s available, it’s usually proprietary or incomplete. There are three different approaches to representing an inheritance hierarchy: Table per Hierarchy (TPH): Enable polymorphism by denormalizing the SQL schema, and utilize a type discriminator column that holds type information. Table per Type (TPT): Represent "is a" (inheritance) relationships as "has a" (foreign key) relationships. Table per Concrete class (TPC): Discard polymorphism and inheritance relationships completely from the SQL schema.I will explain each of these strategies in a series of posts and this one is dedicated to TPH. In this series we'll deeply dig into each of these strategies and will learn about "why" to choose them as well as "how" to implement them. Hopefully it will give you a better idea about which strategy to choose in a particular scenario. Inheritance Mapping with Entity Framework Code FirstAll of the inheritance mapping strategies that we discuss in this series will be implemented by EF Code First CTP5. The CTP5 build of the new EF Code First library has been released by ADO.NET team earlier this month. EF Code-First enables a pretty powerful code-centric development workflow for working with data. I’m a big fan of the EF Code First approach, and I’m pretty excited about a lot of productivity and power that it brings. When it comes to inheritance mapping, not only Code First fully supports all the strategies but also gives you ultimate flexibility to work with domain models that involves inheritance. The fluent API for inheritance mapping in CTP5 has been improved a lot and now it's more intuitive and concise in compare to CTP4. A Note For Those Who Follow Other Entity Framework ApproachesIf you are following EF's "Database First" or "Model First" approaches, I still recommend to read this series since although the implementation is Code First specific but the explanations around each of the strategies is perfectly applied to all approaches be it Code First or others. A Note For Those Who are New to Entity Framework and Code-FirstIf you choose to learn EF you've chosen well. If you choose to learn EF with Code First you've done even better. To get started, you can find a great walkthrough by Scott Guthrie here and another one by ADO.NET team here. In this post, I assume you already setup your machine to do Code First development and also that you are familiar with Code First fundamentals and basic concepts. You might also want to check out my other posts on EF Code First like Complex Types and Shared Primary Key Associations. A Top Down Development ScenarioThese posts take a top-down approach; it assumes that you’re starting with a domain model and trying to derive a new SQL schema. Therefore, we start with an existing domain model, implement it in C# and then let Code First create the database schema for us. However, the mapping strategies described are just as relevant if you’re working bottom up, starting with existing database tables. I’ll show some tricks along the way that help you dealing with nonperfect table layouts. Let’s start with the mapping of entity inheritance. -- The Domain ModelIn our domain model, we have a BillingDetail base class which is abstract (note the italic font on the UML class diagram below). We do allow various billing types and represent them as subclasses of BillingDetail class. As for now, we support CreditCard and BankAccount: Implement the Object Model with Code First As always, we start with the POCO classes. Note that in our DbContext, I only define one DbSet for the base class which is BillingDetail. Code First will find the other classes in the hierarchy based on Reachability Convention. public abstract class BillingDetail  {     public int BillingDetailId { get; set; }     public string Owner { get; set; }             public string Number { get; set; } } public class BankAccount : BillingDetail {     public string BankName { get; set; }     public string Swift { get; set; } } public class CreditCard : BillingDetail {     public int CardType { get; set; }                     public string ExpiryMonth { get; set; }     public string ExpiryYear { get; set; } } public class InheritanceMappingContext : DbContext {     public DbSet<BillingDetail> BillingDetails { get; set; } } This object model is all that is needed to enable inheritance with Code First. If you put this in your application you would be able to immediately start working with the database and do CRUD operations. Before going into details about how EF Code First maps this object model to the database, we need to learn about one of the core concepts of inheritance mapping: polymorphic and non-polymorphic queries. Polymorphic Queries LINQ to Entities and EntitySQL, as object-oriented query languages, both support polymorphic queries—that is, queries for instances of a class and all instances of its subclasses, respectively. For example, consider the following query: IQueryable<BillingDetail> linqQuery = from b in context.BillingDetails select b; List<BillingDetail> billingDetails = linqQuery.ToList(); Or the same query in EntitySQL: string eSqlQuery = @"SELECT VAlUE b FROM BillingDetails AS b"; ObjectQuery<BillingDetail> objectQuery = ((IObjectContextAdapter)context).ObjectContext                                                                          .CreateQuery<BillingDetail>(eSqlQuery); List<BillingDetail> billingDetails = objectQuery.ToList(); linqQuery and eSqlQuery are both polymorphic and return a list of objects of the type BillingDetail, which is an abstract class but the actual concrete objects in the list are of the subtypes of BillingDetail: CreditCard and BankAccount. Non-polymorphic QueriesAll LINQ to Entities and EntitySQL queries are polymorphic which return not only instances of the specific entity class to which it refers, but all subclasses of that class as well. On the other hand, Non-polymorphic queries are queries whose polymorphism is restricted and only returns instances of a particular subclass. In LINQ to Entities, this can be specified by using OfType<T>() Method. For example, the following query returns only instances of BankAccount: IQueryable<BankAccount> query = from b in context.BillingDetails.OfType<BankAccount>() select b; EntitySQL has OFTYPE operator that does the same thing: string eSqlQuery = @"SELECT VAlUE b FROM OFTYPE(BillingDetails, Model.BankAccount) AS b"; In fact, the above query with OFTYPE operator is a short form of the following query expression that uses TREAT and IS OF operators: string eSqlQuery = @"SELECT VAlUE TREAT(b as Model.BankAccount)                       FROM BillingDetails AS b                       WHERE b IS OF(Model.BankAccount)"; (Note that in the above query, Model.BankAccount is the fully qualified name for BankAccount class. You need to change "Model" with your own namespace name.) Table per Class Hierarchy (TPH)An entire class hierarchy can be mapped to a single table. This table includes columns for all properties of all classes in the hierarchy. The concrete subclass represented by a particular row is identified by the value of a type discriminator column. You don’t have to do anything special in Code First to enable TPH. It's the default inheritance mapping strategy: This mapping strategy is a winner in terms of both performance and simplicity. It’s the best-performing way to represent polymorphism—both polymorphic and nonpolymorphic queries perform well—and it’s even easy to implement by hand. Ad-hoc reporting is possible without complex joins or unions. Schema evolution is straightforward. Discriminator Column As you can see in the DB schema above, Code First has to add a special column to distinguish between persistent classes: the discriminator. This isn’t a property of the persistent class in our object model; it’s used internally by EF Code First. By default, the column name is "Discriminator", and its type is string. The values defaults to the persistent class names —in this case, “BankAccount” or “CreditCard”. EF Code First automatically sets and retrieves the discriminator values. TPH Requires Properties in SubClasses to be Nullable in the Database TPH has one major problem: Columns for properties declared by subclasses will be nullable in the database. For example, Code First created an (INT, NULL) column to map CardType property in CreditCard class. However, in a typical mapping scenario, Code First always creates an (INT, NOT NULL) column in the database for an int property in persistent class. But in this case, since BankAccount instance won’t have a CardType property, the CardType field must be NULL for that row so Code First creates an (INT, NULL) instead. If your subclasses each define several non-nullable properties, the loss of NOT NULL constraints may be a serious problem from the point of view of data integrity. TPH Violates the Third Normal FormAnother important issue is normalization. We’ve created functional dependencies between nonkey columns, violating the third normal form. Basically, the value of Discriminator column determines the corresponding values of the columns that belong to the subclasses (e.g. BankName) but Discriminator is not part of the primary key for the table. As always, denormalization for performance can be misleading, because it sacrifices long-term stability, maintainability, and the integrity of data for immediate gains that may be also achieved by proper optimization of the SQL execution plans (in other words, ask your DBA). Generated SQL QueryLet's take a look at the SQL statements that EF Code First sends to the database when we write queries in LINQ to Entities or EntitySQL. For example, the polymorphic query for BillingDetails that you saw, generates the following SQL statement: SELECT  [Extent1].[Discriminator] AS [Discriminator],  [Extent1].[BillingDetailId] AS [BillingDetailId],  [Extent1].[Owner] AS [Owner],  [Extent1].[Number] AS [Number],  [Extent1].[BankName] AS [BankName],  [Extent1].[Swift] AS [Swift],  [Extent1].[CardType] AS [CardType],  [Extent1].[ExpiryMonth] AS [ExpiryMonth],  [Extent1].[ExpiryYear] AS [ExpiryYear] FROM [dbo].[BillingDetails] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[Discriminator] IN ('BankAccount','CreditCard') Or the non-polymorphic query for the BankAccount subclass generates this SQL statement: SELECT  [Extent1].[BillingDetailId] AS [BillingDetailId],  [Extent1].[Owner] AS [Owner],  [Extent1].[Number] AS [Number],  [Extent1].[BankName] AS [BankName],  [Extent1].[Swift] AS [Swift] FROM [dbo].[BillingDetails] AS [Extent1] WHERE [Extent1].[Discriminator] = 'BankAccount' Note how Code First adds a restriction on the discriminator column and also how it only selects those columns that belong to BankAccount entity. Change Discriminator Column Data Type and Values With Fluent API Sometimes, especially in legacy schemas, you need to override the conventions for the discriminator column so that Code First can work with the schema. The following fluent API code will change the discriminator column name to "BillingDetailType" and the values to "BA" and "CC" for BankAccount and CreditCard respectively: protected override void OnModelCreating(System.Data.Entity.ModelConfiguration.ModelBuilder modelBuilder) {     modelBuilder.Entity<BillingDetail>()                 .Map<BankAccount>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue("BA"))                 .Map<CreditCard>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue("CC")); } Also, changing the data type of discriminator column is interesting. In the above code, we passed strings to HasValue method but this method has been defined to accepts a type of object: public void HasValue(object value); Therefore, if for example we pass a value of type int to it then Code First not only use our desired values (i.e. 1 & 2) in the discriminator column but also changes the column type to be (INT, NOT NULL): modelBuilder.Entity<BillingDetail>()             .Map<BankAccount>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue(1))             .Map<CreditCard>(m => m.Requires("BillingDetailType").HasValue(2)); SummaryIn this post we learned about Table per Hierarchy as the default mapping strategy in Code First. The disadvantages of the TPH strategy may be too serious for your design—after all, denormalized schemas can become a major burden in the long run. Your DBA may not like it at all. In the next post, we will learn about Table per Type (TPT) strategy that doesn’t expose you to this problem. References ADO.NET team blog Java Persistence with Hibernate book a { text-decoration: none; } a:visited { color: Blue; } .title { padding-bottom: 5px; font-family: Segoe UI; font-size: 11pt; font-weight: bold; padding-top: 15px; } .code, .typeName { font-family: consolas; } .typeName { color: #2b91af; } .padTop5 { padding-top: 5px; } .padTop10 { padding-top: 10px; } p.MsoNormal { margin-top: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0in; line-height: 115%; font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: "Calibri" , "sans-serif"; }

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• SQLBeat Podcast – Episode 6 – And the Winner is…Meredith Ryan from Albakerkee.

  - by SQLBeat

  In this episode I speak with the winner of the Exceptional DBA Award for 2012, Meredith Ryan.  We talk about a lot of things, but mainly attending the PASS Summit, first timers (this is PASS related too) and SQL Saturdays. Meredith has been with her present company for 14 years, an achievement of a bygone era in IT, but we are kindred in this area having worked at my present position for nearly 7. We also agree that every DBA should have to spend at least 2 years on Help Desk. I feel really, really dumb for not having recognized her tattoo, which I shamelessly ask about.  Congratulations, Meredith on your award and I look forward to meeting you this year in a few short weeks. Download the MP3

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• We’re having an exceptionally good party – and you’re invited!

  - by Rebecca Amos

  Are you coming to the PASS Summit? Then join us to help Jeff Moden celebrate his Award of Exceptional DBA of the Year. Join us and SQLServerCentral for the Exceptional DBA Awards party on 11 October. We’ve booked a casino and bar, and will be giving away lots of great prizes throughout the night. It’s always a fun evening, and a fantastic chance to catch up with old friends – and meet new ones – before the conference kicks off. When: Tuesday 11 October, 8-10pm (after the Welcome Reception) Where: Room 2AB, Washington State Convention Center Tickets: $20 in advance ($30 on the door) Have a look at the current list of people coming – and come and join us! Get your ticket now.

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• Using Oracle Proxy Authentication with JPA (eclipselink-Style)

  - by olaf.heimburger

  Security is a very intriguing topic. You will find it everywhere and you need to implement it everywhere. Yes, you need. Unfortunately, one can easily forget it while implementing the last mile. The Last Mile In a multi-tier application it is a common practice to use connection pools between the business layer and the database layer. Connection pools are quite useful to speed database connection creation and to split the load. Another very common practice is to use a specific, often called technical, user to connect to the database. This user has authentication and authorization rules that apply to all application users. Imagine you've put every effort to define roles for different types of users that use your application. These roles are necessary to differentiate between normal users, premium users, and administrators (I bet you will find or already have more roles in your application). While these user roles are pretty well used within your application, once the flow of execution enters the database everything is gone. Each and every user just has one role and is the same database user. Issues? What Issues? As long as things go well, this is not a real issue. However, things do not go well all the time. Once your application becomes famous performance decreases in certain situations or, more importantly, current and upcoming regulations and laws require that your application must be able to apply different security measures on a per user role basis at every stage of your application. If you only have a bunch of users with the same name and role you are not able to find the application usage profile that causes the performance issue, or which user has accessed data that he/she is not allowed to. Another thread to your role concept is that databases tend to be used by different applications and tools. These tools can be developer tools like SQL*Plus, SQL Developer, etc. or end user applications like BI Publisher, Oracle Forms and so on. These tools have no idea of your applications role concept and access the database the way they think is appropriate. A big oversight for your perfect role model and a big nightmare for your Chief Security Officer. Speaking of the CSO, brings up another issue: Password management. Once your technical user account is compromised, every user is able to do things that he/she is not expected to do from the design of your application. Counter Measures In the Oracle world a common counter measure is to use Virtual Private Database (VPD). This restricts the values a database user can see to the allowed minimum. However, it doesn't help in regard of a connection pool user, because this one is still not the real user. Oracle Proxy Authentication Another feature of the Oracle database is Proxy Authentication. First introduced with version 9i it is a quite useful feature for nearly every situation. The main idea behind Proxy Authentication is, to create a crippled database user who has only connect rights. Even if this user is compromised the risks are well understood and fairly limited. This user can be used in every situation in which you need to connect to the database, no matter which tool or application (see above) you use.The proxy user is perfect for multi-tier connection pools. CREATE USER app_user IDENTIFIED BY abcd1234; GRANT CREATE SESSION TO app_user; But what if you need to access real data? Well, this is the primary use case, isn't it? Now is the time to bring the application's role concept into play. You define database roles that define the grants for your identified user groups. Once you have these groups you grant access through the proxy user with the application role to the specific user. CREATE ROLE app_role_a; GRANT app_role_a TO scott; ALTER USER scott GRANT CONNECT THROUGH app_user WITH ROLE app_role_a; Now, hr has permission to connect to the database through the proxy user. Through the role you can restrict the hr's rights the are needed for the application only. If hr connects to the database directly all assigned role and permissions apply. Testing the Setup To test the setup you can use SQL*Plus and connect to your database: $ sqlplus app_user[hr]/abcd1234 Java Persistence API The Java Persistence API (JPA) is a fairly easy means to build applications that retrieve data from the database and put it into Java objects. You use plain old Java objects (POJOs) and mixin some Java annotations that define how the attributes of the object are used for storing data from the database into the Java object. Here is a sample for objects from the HR sample schema EMPLOYEES table. When using Java annotations you only specify what can not be deduced from the code. If your Java class name is Employee but the table name is EMPLOYEES, you need to specify the table name, otherwise it will fail. package demo.proxy.ejb; import java.io.Serializable; import java.sql.Timestamp; import java.util.List; import javax.persistence.Column; import javax.persistence.Entity; import javax.persistence.Id; import javax.persistence.JoinColumn; import javax.persistence.ManyToOne; import javax.persistence.NamedQueries; import javax.persistence.NamedQuery; import javax.persistence.OneToMany; import javax.persistence.Table; @Entity @NamedQueries({ @NamedQuery(name = "Employee.findAll", query = "select o from Employee o") }) @Table(name = "EMPLOYEES") public class Employee implements Serializable { @Column(name="COMMISSION_PCT") private Double commissionPct; @Column(name="DEPARTMENT_ID") private Long departmentId; @Column(nullable = false, unique = true, length = 25) private String email; @Id @Column(name="EMPLOYEE_ID", nullable = false) private Long employeeId; @Column(name="FIRST_NAME", length = 20) private String firstName; @Column(name="HIRE_DATE", nullable = false) private Timestamp hireDate; @Column(name="JOB_ID", nullable = false, length = 10) private String jobId; @Column(name="LAST_NAME", nullable = false, length = 25) private String lastName; @Column(name="PHONE_NUMBER", length = 20) private String phoneNumber; private Double salary; @ManyToOne @JoinColumn(name = "MANAGER_ID") private Employee employee; @OneToMany(mappedBy = "employee") private List employeeList; public Employee() { } public Employee(Double commissionPct, Long departmentId, String email, Long employeeId, String firstName, Timestamp hireDate, String jobId, String lastName, Employee employee, String phoneNumber, Double salary) { this.commissionPct = commissionPct; this.departmentId = departmentId; this.email = email; this.employeeId = employeeId; this.firstName = firstName; this.hireDate = hireDate; this.jobId = jobId; this.lastName = lastName; this.employee = employee; this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; this.salary = salary; } public Double getCommissionPct() { return commissionPct; } public void setCommissionPct(Double commissionPct) { this.commissionPct = commissionPct; } public Long getDepartmentId() { return departmentId; } public void setDepartmentId(Long departmentId) { this.departmentId = departmentId; } public String getEmail() { return email; } public void setEmail(String email) { this.email = email; } public Long getEmployeeId() { return employeeId; } public void setEmployeeId(Long employeeId) { this.employeeId = employeeId; } public String getFirstName() { return firstName; } public void setFirstName(String firstName) { this.firstName = firstName; } public Timestamp getHireDate() { return hireDate; } public void setHireDate(Timestamp hireDate) { this.hireDate = hireDate; } public String getJobId() { return jobId; } public void setJobId(String jobId) { this.jobId = jobId; } public String getLastName() { return lastName; } public void setLastName(String lastName) { this.lastName = lastName; } public String getPhoneNumber() { return phoneNumber; } public void setPhoneNumber(String phoneNumber) { this.phoneNumber = phoneNumber; } public Double getSalary() { return salary; } public void setSalary(Double salary) { this.salary = salary; } public Employee getEmployee() { return employee; } public void setEmployee(Employee employee) { this.employee = employee; } public List getEmployeeList() { return employeeList; } public void setEmployeeList(List employeeList) { this.employeeList = employeeList; } public Employee addEmployee(Employee employee) { getEmployeeList().add(employee); employee.setEmployee(this); return employee; } public Employee removeEmployee(Employee employee) { getEmployeeList().remove(employee); employee.setEmployee(null); return employee; } } JPA could be used in standalone applications and Java EE containers. In both worlds you normally create a Facade to retrieve or store the values of the Entities to or from the database. The Facade does this via an EntityManager which will be injected by the Java EE container. Here is sample Facade Session Bean for a Java EE container. package demo.proxy.ejb; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.List; import javax.ejb.Local; import javax.ejb.Remote; import javax.ejb.Stateless; import javax.persistence.EntityManager; import javax.persistence.PersistenceContext; import javax.persistence.Query; import javax.interceptor.AroundInvoke; import javax.interceptor.InvocationContext; import oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleConnection; import org.eclipse.persistence.config.EntityManagerProperties; import org.eclipse.persistence.internal.jpa.EntityManagerImpl; @Stateless(name = "DataFacade", mappedName = "ProxyUser-TestEJB-DataFacade") @Remote @Local public class DataFacadeBean implements DataFacade, DataFacadeLocal { @PersistenceContext(unitName = "TestEJB") private EntityManager em; private String username; public Object queryByRange(String jpqlStmt, int firstResult, int maxResults) { // setSessionUser(); Query query = em.createQuery(jpqlStmt); if (firstResult 0) { query = query.setFirstResult(firstResult); } if (maxResults 0) { query = query.setMaxResults(maxResults); } return query.getResultList(); } public Employee persistEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); em.persist(employee); return employee; } public Employee mergeEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); return em.merge(employee); } public void removeEmployee(Employee employee) { // setSessionUser(); employee = em.find(Employee.class, employee.getEmployeeId()); em.remove(employee); } /** select o from Employee o */ public List getEmployeeFindAll() { Query q = em.createNamedQuery("Employee.findAll"); return q.getResultList(); } Putting Both Together To use Proxy Authentication with JPA and within a Java EE container you have to take care of the additional requirements: Use an OCI JDBC driver Provide the user name that connects through the proxy user Use an OCI JDBC driver To use the OCI JDBC driver you need to set up your JDBC data source file to use the correct JDBC URL. hr jdbc:oracle:oci8:@(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=localhost)(PORT=1521))(CONNECT_DATA=(SID=XE))) oracle.jdbc.OracleDriver user app_user 62C32F70E98297522AD97E15439FAC0E SQL SELECT 1 FROM DUAL jdbc/hrDS Application Additionally you need to make sure that the version of the shared libraries of the OCI driver match the version of the JDBC driver in your Java EE container or Java application and are within your PATH (on Windows) or LD_LIBRARY_PATH (on most Unix-based systems). Installing the Oracle Database Instance Client software works perfectly. Provide the user name that connects through the proxy user This part needs some modification of your application software and session facade. Session Facade Changes In the Session Facade we must ensure that every call that goes through the EntityManager must be prepared correctly and uniquely assigned to this session. The second is really important, as the EntityManager works with a connection pool and can not guarantee that we set the proxy user on the connection that will be used for the database activities. To avoid changing every method call of the Session Facade we provide a method to set the username of the user that connects through the proxy user. This method needs to be called by the Facade client bfore doing anything else. public void setUsername(String name) { username = name; } Next we provide a means to instruct the TopLink EntityManager Delegate to use Oracle Proxy Authentication. (I love small helper methods to hide the nitty-gritty details and avoid repeating myself.) private void setSessionUser() { setSessionUser(username); } private void setSessionUser(String user) { if (user != null && !user.isEmpty()) { EntityManagerImpl emDelegate = ((EntityManagerImpl)em.getDelegate()); emDelegate.setProperty(EntityManagerProperties.ORACLE_PROXY_TYPE, OracleConnection.PROXYTYPE_USER_NAME); emDelegate.setProperty(OracleConnection.PROXY_USER_NAME, user); emDelegate.setProperty(EntityManagerProperties.EXCLUSIVE_CONNECTION_MODE, "Always"); } } The final step is use the EJB 3.0 AroundInvoke interceptor. This interceptor will be called around every method invocation. We therefore check whether the Facade methods will be called or not. If so, we set the user for proxy authentication and the normal method flow continues. @AroundInvoke public Object proxyInterceptor(InvocationContext invocationCtx) throws Exception { if (invocationCtx.getTarget() instanceof DataFacadeBean) { setSessionUser(); } return invocationCtx.proceed(); } Benefits Using Oracle Proxy Authentification has a number of additional benefits appart from implementing the role model of your application: Fine grained access control for temporary users of the account, without compromising the original password. Enabling database auditing and logging. Better identification of performance bottlenecks. References Effective Oracle Database 10g Security by Design, David Knox TopLink Developer's Guide, Chapter 98

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• Welcoming Karl Grambow to Coeo

  - by Christian

  After a massive search for our next ‘Mission Critical SQL Server DBA’, I’m very pleased to announce that we welcomed Karl Grambow into our team this week! Karl joins us from Microsoft Consulting Services (MCS) in the UK and started his career as a SQL Server 6.5 Developer before moving quickly into the operational DBA space where he’s been ever since. He also dabbles in .NET and SSMS-Addin development and has created a versioning tool called SQLDBControl. Outside of work he enjoys photography and Formula 1 and has recently become a Dad for the second time (congratulations!). Welcome Karl, we’re all looking forward to working with you! Karl will be manning our stand at SQLBits10 this week so if you’ll be there, be sure to say come over and say hi.   Christian Bolton - MCA, MCM, MVP Technical Director http://coeo.com - SQL Server Consulting & Managed Services

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• Exadata Storage Server software upgrade is a new era in Patching

  - by Luis Moreno Campos

  Since it was first released, Exadata Storage Server software has been releasing patch releases like every software on the planet. Storage administrators would have to do this, but by some weird tradition, no matter what level of technology, if it says "Oracle" in it, IT Managers will immediately associate this with a task for the DBA. Not the case, but if it falls onto a DBA lap, fear no evil.The last patch released for Exadata Cells, is a true master piece in patching technology. This sentence is not mine, it's from both the customer and the partner that witnessed how 3 Exadata Cells where patch in less than 4 hours, after 12 months of without a single upgrade.The patch manager that takes care of everything will patch not only the software but also the firmware and the operating system. And you know it will all work out because back in the lab everything was already tested.All you have to do is stare at the 3 Sun ILOM Windows from the 3 cells and watch as they boot and reboot, patch and fix to the latest versions all layers of the storage machines. It's a new era in Patching technology!LMC

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• IT Admin for Thrill Seekers

  - by Tony Davis

  A developer suggested to me recently that the life of the DBA was, surely, a dull one. My first reaction was indignation, but quickly followed by the thought that for many people excitement isn't necessarily the most desirable aspect of their job. It's true that some aspects of the DBA role seem guaranteed to quieten the pulse; in the days of tape backups, time must have slowed to eternity for the person whose job it was to oversee this process, placing tapes into secure containers, ensuring correct labeling, and.sorry, I drifted off there for a second. On the other hand, if you follow the adventures of the likes of Brent Ozar or Tom LaRock, you'd be forgiven for thinking that much of a database guy's time is spent, metaphorically, diving through plate glass windows in tight fitting underwear in order to extract grateful occupants from burning database applications. Alas it isn't true of the majority, but it isn't as dull as some people imagine, and is a helter-skelter ride compared with some other IT roles. Every IT department has people who toil away in shadowy corners doing quiet but mysterious tasks. When you ask them to explain what they do, you almost immediately want them to stop, but you hear enough to appreciate that these tasks are often absolutely vital to the smooth functioning of an IT organization. Compared with them, the DBAs are prima donnas. Here are a few nominations: Installation engineer - install all of the company's laptops and workstations, and software, deal with licensing, shipping and data entry.many organizations, especially those subject to tight regulation, would simply grind to a halt without their efforts. Localization engineer - Not quite software engineering, not quite translation, the job is to rebuild a product in a different language and make sure everything still works. QA Tester - firstly, I should say that the testers at Red Gate seem to me some of the most-fulfilled in the company. I refer here to the QA Tester whose job is more-or-less entirely to read a script, click some buttons and make sure the actual and expected values match. Configuration manager - for example, someone whose main job is to configure build environments so that devs can access their source code; assuredly necessary for the smooth functioning and productivity of the team, and hopefully well-paid. So what other sort of job in IT should one choose if the work of a DBA proves to be too exciting? Or are these roles secretly more exciting than many imagine? I invite you all to put forward your own suggestions. Cheers, Tony.

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• Striving to be boring - or at least have boring systems

  - by merrillaldrich

  A developer I work with, whom I respect a great deal, reminded me of this truism today. I'm not sure who came up with the original, but they deserve credit wherever they are: “A good system administrator is a bored system administrator.” As a DBA, this really rings true for me. Being a DBA should not be a thrilling job. Within reason, there should not be myriad surprises, nor a roller coaster ride, wondering what will break each day. There should not be numerous 2 AM calls or frantic fixes. If there...(read more)

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• Two Free Training Webcasts Open for Registration

  - by KKline

  We've got two sessions that you need to sign up for right away. The upcoming webcast for Oracle-oriented folks has huge registration numbers. So get in while you still can before we hit the limit of what LiveMeeting can handle. Pain of the Week: SQL Server for the Oracle DBA Webcast: SQL Server for the Oracle DBA Date: Thursday, May 27, 2010 (Just a couple days hence!) Time: 8 a.m. Pacific / 11 a.m. Eastern / 4 p.m. United Kingdom / 5 p.m. Central Europe Duration: 45-60 minutes Cost: FREE In enterprise...(read more)

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• Podcast Show Notes: Collaborate 10 Wrap-Up - Conclusion

  - by Bob Rhubart

  Both parts of my conversation with a small army of people at Collaborate 10 are now available. Listen to Part 1 Listen to Part 2   Here’s the complete list of participants: Floyd Teter - Project Manager at Jet Propulsion Lab, OAUG Board Blog | Twitter | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix | Oracle ACE Profile Mark Rittman - EMEA Technical Director and Co-Founder, Rittman Mead,  ODTUG Board Blog | Twitter | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix | Oracle ACE Profile Chet Justice - OBI Consultant at BI Wizards Blog | Twitter | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix | Oracle ACE Profile Elke Phelps - Oracle Applications DBA at Humana, OAUG SIG Chair Blog | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix | Book | Oracle ACE Profile Paul Jackson - Oracle Applications DBA at Humana Blog | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix | Book Srini Chavali - Enterprise Database & Tools Leader at Cummins, Inc Blog | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix Dave Ferguson – President, Oracle Applications Users Group LinkedIn | OAUG Profile John King - Owner, King Training Resources Website | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix Gavyn Whyte - Project Portfolio Manager at iFactory Consulting Blog | Twitter | LinkedIn | Oracle Mix John Nicholson - Channels & Alliances at Greenlight Technologies Website | LinkedIn   del.icio.us Tags: oracle,otn,collborate 10,c10,oracle ace program,archbeat,arch2arch,oaug,odtug,las vegas Technorati Tags: oracle,otn,collborate 10,c10,oracle ace program,archbeat,arch2arch,oaug,odtug,las vegas

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• Semi-blocking Transformations in SQL Server Integration Services SSIS

  In a SSIS data flow, there are multiple types of transformations. On one hand you have synchronous and asynchronous transformations, but on the other hand you have non-blocking, semi-blocking and fully-blocking components. In this tip, Koen Verbeeck takes a closer look on the performance impact of semi-blocking transformations in SSIS. Can 41,000 DBAs really be wrong? Join 41,000 other DBAs who are following the new series from the DBA Team: the 5 Worst Days in a DBA’s Life. Part 3, As Corrupt As It Gets, is out now – read it here.

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• Got it: OCM 11g

  - by rene.kundersma

  Today I received a mail stating that I successfully completed my OCM 11g practicum ! I am really satisfied with this result considering the work I did for it. Trying to be best in specialisation area on High Availability (RAC, Exadata, DataGuard) is nice, but it is extra nice to also proof I still have more then enough hands on experience to work on the more 'regular' DBA tasks. Practicing the complete DBA curriculum for OCP/OCM is something I recommend everyone to do since this is really helps you to stay on top, hands on ! It is great to work with all the options and it will enable you to be the Oracle specialist who knows what he is actually talking about. Rene Kundersma Oracle Technology Services the Netherlands

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• Two Free Training Webcasts Open for Registration

  - by KKline

  We've got two sessions that you need to sign up for right away. The upcoming webcast for Oracle-oriented folks has huge registration numbers. So get in while you still can before we hit the limit of what LiveMeeting can handle. Pain of the Week: SQL Server for the Oracle DBA Webcast: SQL Server for the Oracle DBA Date: Thursday, May 27, 2010 (Just a couple days hence!) Time: 8 a.m. Pacific / 11 a.m. Eastern / 4 p.m. United Kingdom / 5 p.m. Central Europe Duration: 45-60 minutes Cost: FREE In enterprise...(read more)

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• How many SQL Server DBAs does an organization need?

  - by RickHeiges

  "How many SQL Server DBAs do we need?" - This is a question that often comes up in conversations with customers. Essentially, customers want to know if they have enough DBAs or too many. This is not a trivial question. If you do some research online via your favorite search engine, you will most likely come across numbers such as 40-65 DBs per DBA (for SQL Server). I remember finding another number relating to storage space instead of the number of DBs; the range was 3-5TB per DBA. I have had custoemrs...(read more)

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• From "Try &amp;amp; Buy" to Production Database

  Join Marin Komadina as he explains what the DBA needs to know regarding licensing, database packaging models, on a Sun Solaris platform.

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• 2 min video about the SQL_Compare

  - by CatherineRussell

  It is nice to start blogging again! I am working on new project in a small company now. We do not have a full time database admin. I have to cover multiple roles: getting requirements, writing docs and creating diagrams, designing app, writing code, testing and DBA role. I am not a DBA. But, I have to do day to day database changes: adding new new columns and tables. Check out 2 min video about the SQL_Compare. This tool saves time by automatically comparing and synchronizing database schemas; eliminate mistakes migrating database changes from dev, to test, to production; speed up the deployment of new database schema updates; generate T-SQL scripts to update one database to match the schema of another; find and fix errors caused by differences between databases;  keeps an accurate history of all previous database records.  http://www.red-gate.com/products/SQL_Compare/index.htm

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• Planning for Disaster

  There is a certain paradox in being advised to expect the unexpected, but the DBA must plan and prepare in advance to protect their organization's data assets in the event of an unexpected crisis, and return them to normal operating conditions. To minimize downtime in such circumstances should be the aim of every effective DBA. To plan for recovery, It pays to have the mindset of a pessimist....Did you know that DotNetSlackers also publishes .net articles written by top known .net Authors? We already have over 80 articles in several categories including Silverlight. Take a look: here.

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• Eliminating Downtime During Database Upgrades: A Customer Case Study

  - by irem.radzik(at)oracle.com

  Planned outages, such as database, OS, hardware upgrades and migrations, are a fact of life. Even though they are "planned" and many of them are performed during "off business hours", they can still interrupt operations-- especially for global operations and online businesses. For this reason many IT organizations postpone these critical infrastructure improvement projects, which in turn result in delays in advancing business operations. This week, on Thursday January 13th, we will host a free webcast on this topic, and will feature Oracle GoldenGate's customer Atmos Energy. Atmos Energy implemented Oracle GoldenGate for eliminating downtime during their database upgrade from Oracle Database 8.1.7 to Oracle Database 11.1.0.7. Jos Francis, Lead DBA for Atmos, and Ronald Nedd, Sr. DBA for Atmos, will be presenting their database upgrade project and their solution architecture. Join us at this live webcast and hear from our customer and product management how to eliminate planned outages with Oracle GoldenGate's real-time, heterogeneous data replication capabilities.

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• Breaking into database administration

  - by user603794

  Hello to all, I am brand new on this site and look forward to interacting with each of you. I am graduating in June with my Bachelors Degree in Computer Information Systems with hopes of become a DBA in the future. I am currently taking a Database class now and studying SQL Server/T-SQL on the side. My experience in IT is limited to managing an Access database at my last employer for two years. What are the chances of landing a junior DBA position after I graduate?

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• 2010 SQLPeople Person of the Year

  - by andyleonard

  Introduction Back in 2010, I started recognizing the SQLPeople Person of the Year. It's been a tradition ever since. "But Andy, you're writing this in 2010." Yep. Good eye, Pep. The Award Goes To: Steve Jones ( Blog | @way0utwest ). I am not a DBA - I'm a database developer. I joke and say I look like the world's greatest DBA when there's no contention, the jobs are finishing successfully, queries return data quickly and accurately, and the backups succeed. But anyone looks like the world's greatest...(read more)

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• A starting point for Use Cases and User Stories

  - by Mike Benkovich

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/benko/archive/2013/07/23/a-starting-point-for-use-cases-and-user-stories.aspxSoftware is a challenging business and is rife with opportunities to go wrong. Over the years a number of methodologies have evolved to help make sure that things go right. In an effort to contribute to this I’ve created a list of user stories that I think should be included and sometimes are just assumed. Note this is a work in progress, so I’m looking for your feedback. I’m curious what you would add or change in my list. · As a DBA I am working with a Normalized data model that reflects an agreed upon logical model for the system · As a DBA I am using consistent names for my fields which match the naming standards of my organization · As a DBA my model supports simple CRUD operations against all the entities · As an Application Architect the UI has been validated against the Business requirements and a complete set of user story’s have been created · As an Application Architect the database model has been validated against the UI · As an Application Architect we have a logical business model that describes all the known and/or expected usage of the system during the software’s expected lifecycle · As an Application Architect we have a Deployment diagram that describes how the application components will be deployed · As an Application Architect we have a navigation diagram that describes the typical application flow · As an Application Architect we have identified points of interaction which describes how the UI interacts with the services and the data storage · As an Application Architect we have identified external systems which may now or in the future use the data of this application and have adapted the logical model to include these interactions · As an Application Architect we have identified existing systems and tools that can be extended and/or reused to help this application achieve it’s business goals · As a Project Manager all team members understand the goals of each release and iteration as they are planned · As a Project Manager all team members understand their role and the roles of others · As a Project Manager we have support of the business to do the right thing even if it is not the expedient thing · As a Test/QA Analyst we have created a simulation environment for testing the system which does not use sensitive data and accurately reflects the scenarios of all the data that will be supported by the system · As a Test/QA Analyst we have identified the matrix of supported clients used to access the system including the likely browsers, mobile devices and other interfaces to work with the application · As a Test/QA Analyst we have created exit criteria for each user story that match the requirements of the business story that was used to create them · As a Test/QA Analyst we have access to a Test environment that is isolated from production and staging environments · As a Test/QA Analyst there we have a way to reset the environment so we can rerun tests when a new version of the software becomes available · As a Test/QA Analyst I am able to automate portions of the test process Thoughts? -mike

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• How does this main domain have a CNAME record?

  - by TRiG

  I was under the impression that only subdomains could have CNAME records: main domains need to define all their own records. However, apt-get.com seems to have only a CNAME record. How can this work? $ dig apt-get.com ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 45743 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 9, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN A ;; ANSWER SECTION: apt-get.com. 86336 IN CNAME thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.242 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.246 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.166 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.232 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.161 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.210.233 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.186 thie5ku9.dsgeneration.com. 60 IN A 208.73.211.188 ;; Query time: 59 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:05:48 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 193 $ dig apt-get.com ns ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ns ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: SERVFAIL, id: 43831 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0 ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN NS ;; Query time: 26 msec ;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:12:37 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 29 $ dig apt-get.com ns @b.gtld-servers.net ; <<>> DiG 9.8.1-P1 <<>> apt-get.com ns @b.gtld-servers.net ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 38228 ;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2 ;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available ;; QUESTION SECTION: ;apt-get.com. IN NS ;; AUTHORITY SECTION: apt-get.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.domainrecover.com. apt-get.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.domainrecover.com. ;; ADDITIONAL SECTION: ns1.domainrecover.com. 172800 IN A 66.45.232.66 ns2.domainrecover.com. 172800 IN A 65.23.159.179 ;; Query time: 70 msec ;; SERVER: 192.33.14.30#53(192.33.14.30) ;; WHEN: Tue Jun 10 15:07:05 2014 ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 111 The domain does resolve. I get the following headers: GET / HTTP/1.1 User-Agent: Testing_Sniffer/4.15 Host: apt-get.com Accept: */* HTTP/1.0 200 (OK) Cache-Control: private, no-cache, must-revalidate Connection: Keep-Alive Pragma: no-cache Server: Oversee Turing v1.0.0 Content-Length: 1347 Content-Type: text/html Expires: Mon, 26 Jul 1997 05:00:00 GMT Keep-Alive: timeout=3, max=96 P3P: policyref="http://www.dsparking.com/w3c/p3p.xml", CP="NOI DSP COR ADMa OUR NOR STA" Set-Cookie: parkinglot=1; domain=.apt-get.com; path=/; expires=Wed, 11-Jun-2014 14:10:37 GMT <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Frameset//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/frameset.dtd"> <!-- turing_cluster_prod --> <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>apt-get.com</title> <meta name="keywords" content="apt-get.com" /> <meta name="description" content="apt-get.com" /> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow" /> <meta name="revisit-after" content="10" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <script type="text/javascript"> document.cookie = "jsc=1"; </script> </head> <frameset rows="100%,*" frameborder="no" border="0" framespacing="0"> <frame src="http://apt-get.com?epl=5PfLSSqWrYDAt-gbwMDK_rA3b1UJCYVTJHfxTzr9FTDQV84b6vAgVhU3FTeCRQNiuRNv79Ni0V3mkEVNRhpqo2gpMjp5iOIR1w2_EISPENaqzoXohVXl2QI3ryXlRCB4FaIIaxynnWXWY6QBgBgNiIZ6agD1NBoNGg0ajXpUCXUAIJDer78AAOB_AwAAQIDbCwAAe_NWlVlTJllBMTZoWkKPAAAA8A" name="apt-get.com"> </frameset> <noframes> <body><a href="http://apt-get.com?epl=5PfLSSqWrYDAt-gbwMDK_rA3b1UJCYVTJHfxTzr9FTDQV84b6vAgVhU3FTeCRQNiuRNv79Ni0V3mkEVNRhpqo2gpMjp5iOIR1w2_EISPENaqzoXohVXl2QI3ryXlRCB4FaIIaxynnWXWY6QBgBgNiIZ6agD1NBoNGg0ajXpUCXUAIJDer78AAOB_AwAAQIDbCwAAe_NWlVlTJllBMTZoWkKPAAAA8A">Click here to go to apt-get.com</a>.</body> </noframes> </html>

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• Un-used Indexes on MDP_MATRIX Consuming Resources

  - by user702295

  Disable un-used Indexes: As much as it is recommended to create relevant indexes, it is advised not to have too many indexes on the mdp_matrix table.  Too many indexes will cause long waits on the table as indexes needs to get updated every time the table is updated.  There are many seeded indexes on mdp_matrix, every out of the box data model level has an index on the matrix table.  If a level is unused in the specific data model of the implementation, it is advisable to disable that index.  If the customer is not sure if and how indexes are utilized, the DBA can monitor all indexes.  After a few cycles of operation, the DBA should go over that list and see which indexes have not been used.  Consider disabling them. There are scripts on the net to monitor indexes or use the monitoring usage clause in the alter index statement.

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• New Project Starting. Got Gas?

  - by merrillaldrich

  “Storage is just like gasoline,” said a fellow DBA at the office the other day. This DBA, Mike is his name, is one of the smartest people I know, so I pressed him, in my subtle and erudite way, to elaborate. “Um, whut?” I said. “Yeah. Now that everything is shared – VMs or consolidated SQL Servers and shared storage – if you want to do a big project, like, say, drive to Vegas, you better fill the car with gas. Drive back and forth to work every day? Gas. Same for storage.” This was a light-bulb-above-my-head...(read more)

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