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• how to take a backup of ubuntu system as it is?

  - by rajat

  I have installed ubuntu(dual boot) using wubi(Windows-based UBuntu Installer) installer for windows , and since then i am working in linux now it has many projects with many dependencies now i want to install the same ubuntu to other machines ,so that i don't need to install Ubuntu first and then install each and every project and it's dependencies . There is a folder called ubuntu in my windows driver which was created by wubi and which has all the ubuntu stuff . PS: Other machines have only windows 7 installed and have same configuration . Is there any way to install the save ubuntu i am using to the other machines ?

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• how to change VMWare 1.x guest boot order

  - by bo gusman

  I have 4 VMs on a linux host, call them A, B, C, D running on Z. I really don't care when A and B come up, but I would like to make sure that D comes up before C. I believe that in VMWare 2.x it's possible to change the boot order. Is this possible in 1.x as well? Is this done in /etc/vmware/vm-list? I see that there are a number of vms listed there, including some that have long since been deleted. Thanks! Bo

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• Best filesystem for an external drive? ExFAT?

  - by GiH

  What is the best filesystem for use with multiple OS's? I saw this question but its old and doesn't take into account ExFAT. Here is what I know from my findings: NTFS - Can't write from Mac FAT32 - Doesn't support files larger than 4GB HFS - Only mac ExFAT - ??? I don't know much about this but it seems like it got rid of the 4GB limit of FAT32 and can be read on Windows, Mac, and Linux. Is ExFAT the best bet? I tried formatting the drive in ExFAT just now, but on Windows XP SP3 it was showing up as not formatted... It seems to me like FAT32 is still the best, but I wanted to see what other people had to say.

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• Is it possible to convert striped logical volume to linear logical volume?

  - by JooMing

  I've a logical volume that is striped across three physical volumes. I had to move this logical volume to another physical volume. This worked nicely with pvmove command. However, I discovered later that the logical volume is still striped and now all three stripes are on the same physical volume. Is there any way to convert striped logical volumes to linear logical volumes? I'm using LVM2 on linux. I figured that the obvious possibility is to rename the striped logical volume, create a new linear logical volume, and then copy data over, but that requires taking the filesystem system offline for some time. Unfortunately, I can't do that before the next week. Is there any better alternative?

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• setting up bridged adapter for VPN server

  - by B. VB.

  I have an Ubuntu linux Linode server that I am trying to install OpenVPN on. I'm following the tutorials (which, it turns out, are quite incomplete). auto br0 iface br0 inet static address 192.168.0.10 network 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 broadcast 192.168.0.255 gateway 192.168.0.1 bridge_ports eth0 bridge_fd 9 bridge_hello 2 bridge_maxage 12 bridge_stp off When I add this chunk in my /etc/network/interfaces, and I restart networking, my eth0 interface does not have an IP and I cannot get on the network (I need to use a buggy, slow, and annoying AJAX term to do damage repair). Why does adding this screw everything up? Any tips on how to set up this bridged adapter?? Thanks in advance!

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• how to change VMWare 1.x guest boot order

  - by bo gusman

  I have 4 VMs on a linux host, call them A, B, C, D running on Z. I really don't care when A and B come up, but I would like to make sure that D comes up before C. I believe that in VMWare 2.x it's possible to change the boot order. Is this possible in 1.x as well? Is this done in /etc/vmware/vm-list? I see that there are a number of vms listed there, including some that have long since been deleted. Thanks! Bo

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• Finding proof of server being compromised by Black Hole Toolkit exploit

  - by cosmicsafari

  I recently took over maintenance of a company server. (Just Host, C Panel, Linux server), theres a tonne of websites on it which i know nothing about. It had came to my attention that a client had attempted to access one of the websites hosted on this server and was met with a warning from windows defender. It had blocked access because it said the website had been compromised by the Black Hole Toolkit or something to that effect. Anyway I went in and updated various plugins and deleted some old suspect websites. I have since ran the website in question through a few online malware scanners and its comes up clean everytime. However im not convinced. Do any of you guys know extensive ways i can check that the server isn't still compromised. I have no way to install any malware scanners or anti virus programs on the server as it is horribly locked down by Just Host.

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• Is there any way to limit my Internet connection to a per program basis?

  - by Igoru

  My Linux connection is REALLY free. I live in Brazil, so where I live I can only have 1 Mbit/s. Yes I know it's sad, but it's not the point. Everytime I'm updating my Ubuntu 9.04 or downloading something, it does eat all my bandwidth. Like, while update-manager is downloading the packages, I can see by netspeed applet in my panel that the incoming traffic goes to 110 kB/s. And then, my Emesene suddenly goes disconnected, and I can't navigate. As you can imagine, I can't use my Internet connection again until the packages are all downloaded or I cancel the update in the middle. As I said, same thing happens when I'm dowloading something, but less intrusive and immediate. The question is: is there any way to limit that APT/downloads traffic to some way I can still use my other Internet services, or to reserve some bandwidth for common navigation tasks (like we have on Windows, but I forgot this thing's name, it's like "something packages".

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• Which window manager do you use?

  - by Stephan202

  Combining "What is your default web browser?" and "What are the differences between Linux Window Managers", I ask you: which window manager do you use, and why? Myself I prefer a minimal window manager on the one hand (in the past I used Fluxbox), but on the other hand wish to go with the main stream, to ease finding (Googling) solutions in case of problems. Hence I stick with Gnome as it is shipped with Ubuntu. Why do you use the window manager which you use? I understand some reasons may be subjective, but please try to cite technical reasons where possible.

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• How to rename everything matching a certain string in a folder

  - by lostiniceland

  Hello Everyone I am running Linux and I have some basic console knowledge but my current problem is quite difficult and I dont know how to achieve this. I want/need to rename everything within a folder that matches a given string. By everything I mean folders/files content within a file content in hidden files Basically I want to refactor a Java-project. Sure, I could use Eclipse to handle the replacing, but this leaves out the folders or resources outside of my workspace. I was thinking of a script that could do the job for me but this seems rather tricky. For instance when it comes to folder-/file-rename I want to replace only the part of the name that matches my string, the rest should remain untouched. Maybe someone already has something like this in his/her script-collection :-) Thanks in advance Marc

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• Best practice for scaling a single application source to multiple nodes

  - by Andrew Waters

  I have an application which needs to scale horizontally to cover web and service nodes (at the moment they're all on one) but interact with the same set of databases and source files (both application code and custom assets). Database is no problem, it's handled already with replication in MongoDB. Also, the configuration of the servers are the same (100% linux). This question is literally about sharing a filesystem between machines so that its content is always correct, regardless of the node accessing it. My two thoughts have so far been NFS and SAN - SAN being prohibitively expensive and NFS seeing some performance issues on the second node with regards to glob()ing in PHP. Does anyone have recommended strategies or other techniques that don't involved sharding data across nodes or any potential gotchas in NFS that may cause slow disk seek times? To give you an idea of the scale, the main node initialises it's application modules in ~ 0.01 seconds. The secondary is taking ~2.2 seconds. They're VM's inside a local virtual network in ESXi and ping time between them is ~0.3ms

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• PostgreSQL disaster recovery options

  - by Alex

  My customer has quite a large (the total "data" folder size is 200G) PostgreSQL database and we are working on a disaster recovery plan. We have identified three different types of disasters so far: hardware outage, too much load and unintentional data loss due to erroneously executed bad migration (like DELETE or ALTER TABLE DROP COLUMN). First two types seem to be easy to mitigate but we can't elaborate a good mitigation plan for the third type. I proposed to use ZFS and frequent (hourly) snapshots but "ZFS" means "OpenIndiana" these days and our Ops engineers do not have much expertise in it, so using OpenIndiana imposes another risk. Colleagues try to convince me that restoring from PostgreSQL PITR backup can be as fast as restoring from a ZFS snapshot but I highly doubt that replaying, say, 50G of archived WALs can be considered "fast". What other options are we missing? Is ZFS an only viable alternative? Can we get a fast Pg DB restore time in the Linux environment?

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• Using a 3g usb dongle as Cisco router access point

  - by beakersoft

  We have an office opening, and we aren't going to have comms into the building when management want the building to open. Our only option (I think) Is to try and hook up a 3/4g dongle to something to act as the access point, and send all the traffic via that. The model of router we use wont support the usb dongle, so we need some sort of 'bridge' My idea was to build a Linux box, plug the dongle into that and then via the Ethernet ports plug the router in. We need the Cisco router in the equation as we create VPN connections over that back to head office. My question is will this work?

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• ipfw to redirect traffic from port 80 and 443 to 8080

  - by user1048138

  -A PREROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 80 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 -A PREROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -p tcp -m tcp --dport 443 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 8080 -A POSTROUTING -s 10.0.10.0/24 -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE The above code is what I have used on linux to forward my ports to 8080, how can I do the same on a mac? I have tried test_machine:~ root# ipfw show 00666 0 0 fwd 127.0.0.1,8080 tcp from any to me dst-port 80 and its not working! any suggestions?

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• Remote Control Home PC from Corporate Work PC

  - by muncherelli

  Here is my situation: I am currently on a Windows XP workstation at work. I have an android tablet that I use to splashtop into my home PC. I would like to be able to use my work keyboard and mouse to control my home PC while I am splashtop'd into it using my tablet. My work PC is on a corporate LAN, and not on the same network as my tablet. The company I work for provides wifi for personal devices, but they are not accessable to the internal network. I thought about going the Synergy route, however that would require my home PC to be able to connect to my work PC which isn't really possible. The opposite would work though, if I could reverse connect the server to the client, but the Synergy software doesn't really support that. I do have a couple linux boxes running at home, so I can ssh into my home network and tunnel ports via SSH if needed. With what I have, how can I accomplish seamless keyboard and mouse sharing between my work PC and either my home PC or my android tablet?

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• environment variable issue in shell

  - by George2

  I am using Red Hat Linux Enterprise 5. I know the theory that -- using export to set environment variable, the environment variable will apply to current and child environment, but without using export to set environment variable, the environment variable will only apply to the current environment. My confusion is, what is the exact definition of "child environment" and "current environment"? For example, $ var1=123 $ echo "Hello [$var1]" the value of var1 (which is 123) is printed in shell, but I think echo is a command invoked by current shell, and it (the echo command) should be a child environment of current shell and the value of var1 should not (because not using export var1=123) impact echo. Any comments? Thanks in advance!

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• My datacenter is unable to add PTR/rDNS record, then how can I prevent the mail outgoing from going to spam folder?

  - by gilzero

  I am having problem that mail sent out from my server all goes to recipient's spam folder. I am running Drupal sites on Linux server. CentOS w/ cPanel. Our users cannot receive email as the mail went to the spam folder. (such as registration email, contact form email) I was advised that I need to have PTR/rDNS record added for my host. I then contact my datacenter to add PTR/rDNS thing, unfortunately, the datacenter said they are unable to do it. So what can I do? Any other ways I can fix the problem? Thank you!

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• fsck: FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED after each check with -c, why?

  - by Chris

  I use a script to partition and format CF cards (connected with a USB card writer) in an automated way. After the main process I check the card again with fsck. To check bad blocks I also tried the '-c' switch, but I always get a return value != 0 and the message "FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED" (see below). I get the same result when checking the very same drive several times... Does anyone know why a) the file system is modified at all and b) why this seems to happen every time I check and not only in case of an error (like bad blocks)? Here's the output: linux-box# fsck.ext3 -c /dev/sdx1 e2fsck 1.40.2 (12-Jul-2007) Checking for bad blocks (read-only test): done Pass 1: Checking inodes, blocks, and sizes Pass 2: Checking directory structure Pass 3: Checking directory connectivity Pass 4: Checking reference counts Pass 5: Checking group summary information Volume (/dev/sdx1): ***** FILE SYSTEM WAS MODIFIED ***** Volume (/dev/sdx1): 5132/245760 files (1.2% non-contiguous), 178910/1959896 blocks

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• How do I configure networking on CentOS 6 running on hyper-v?

  - by LonelyLonelyNetworkN00b

  I'm not using legacy adapters, and i've installed Linux Integration Components 3.2. THe problem i'm facing is that the command 'setup' or 'system-config-network' doesn't list any network interfaces. If i run ifconfig -a i can see both the network cards i've attached. By setting a ip using ifconfig i can get network connectivity. The problem is that it's not persistent after a reboot. I'm a 100% centos newbie, but I figure it has something to do with that the centos installer couldn't see the NICs on install. How can I fix this?

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• Watch Filesystem in Real Time on OS X and Ubuntu

  - by Adrian Schneider

  I'm looking for a CLI tool which will watch a directory and spit out the names of files that change in real time. some_watch_command /path/to/some/folder | xargs some_callback I'm aware of inotify (inotify-tools?) and it seems to be what I need, but I need something that is both Linux (in my case Ubuntu) and OSX compatible. It doesn't need to be lightning fast, but it does need to trigger upon changes (within a second is reasonable). Also, I don't necessarily need the exact CLI program mentioned above. If some underlying tech exists and is easily scriptable on both platforms that would be great too.

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• How to control fan speed on Compaq Presario under Ubuntu?

  - by Josh

  I have a Compaq Presario R4000 running Ubuntu Linux 9.10 karmic. The system runs very hot and one of the fans is wither never running or always running at the slowest speed. For a while I thought the fan was dead but I just updated the BIOS (Phoenix BIOS) and during the update, that fan suddenly kicked in at full speed! How can I get that fan to spin up during normal usage? I have tried sensores-detect but all it found was k8temp, no fans... (SpeedFan under windows found no fans either)

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• DHCPOFFER delay VLAN

  - by john883

  I have configured two VLANs [ 15 and 16 ] and a trunkport on a Cisco Catalyst 2960. The trunkport is connected to eth2 on a Linux server The server is configured to support VLAN's and the interfaces eth2.15 eth2.16 is configured with ip addresses on two different subnet. dhcp3-server is running on the same server and hands out IP-addresses to the VLANs. When connecting a client to a port that is configured in ex. VLAN 15 and requesting a IP-address, i experience a long delay before recieving a DHCPOFFER, around 30 seconds or so, the client needs to send a DHCPDISCOVER about five times but will always recieve a DHCPOFFER. Any suggestion why this delay is happening?

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• Move all images in folder to subfolder, and update all references to those images to their new location?

  - by Professor Frink

  I have a folder which contains a ~50 text files (PHP) and hundreds of images. I would like to move all the images to a subfolder, and update the PHP files so any reference to those images point to the new subfolder. I know I can move all the images quite easily (mv *.jpg /image, mv *.gif /image, etc...), but don't know how to go about updating all the text files - I assume a Regex has to be created to match all the images in a file, and then somehow the new directory has to be appended to the image file name? Is this best done with a shell script? Any help is appreciated (Server is Linux/CentOs5) Thanks!

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• Determine process using a port, without sudo

  - by pat

  I'd like to find out which process (in particular, the process id) is using a given port. The one catch is, I don't want to use sudo, nor am I logged in as root. The processes I want this to work for are run by the same user that I want to find the process id - so I would have thought this was simple. Both lsof and netstat won't tell me the process id unless I run them using sudo - they will tell me that the port is being used though. As some extra context - I have various apps all connecting via SSH to a server I manage, and creating reverse port forwards. Once those are set up, my server does some processing using the forwarded port, and then the connection can be killed. If I can map specific ports (each app has their own) to processes, this is a simple script. Any suggestions? This is on an Ubuntu box, by the way - but I'm guessing any solution will be standard across most Linux distros.

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• fail2ban on server with LXC Containers

  - by RoboTamer

  The issue is modprobe and iptables don't work inside an LXC Container. LXC is the userspace control package for Linux Containers, a lightweight virtual system mechanism sometimes described as “chroot on steroids”. iptables error inside the container is: # iptables -I INPUT -s 122.129.126.194 -j DROP > iptables v1.4.8: can't initialize iptables table `filter': Table does not exist (do you need to insmod?) Perhaps iptables or your kernel needs to be upgraded. I am guessing that it can't work because the LXC containers share one kernel, the main server kernel. How do I do fail2ban in this case. modprobe and iptables work in the main server so I could install it there and link to the logfiles somehow, my guess? Any suggestions?

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