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  • How to install two packages that write the same file

    - by Joel E Salas
    Sirs, a conundrum. I have two packages that each create /usr/bin/ffprobe. One of them is ffmpeg from the Deb Multimedia repository, while the other is ffmbc 0.7-rc5 built from source. The hand-rolled one is business-critical, and we used to just install it from source wherever it was necessary. I can only assume it would clobber the ffmpeg file, and there were never any ill effects. In theory, it should be acceptable for our ffmbc package to overwrite the file from the ffmpeg package. Is there any easy way to reconcile this?

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  • Windows shutdown processes termination sequence

    - by jpmartins
    I've seen today an wierd situation. I have a theory, but it would help to know more about the windows shutdown process. If you have some knowlaged about it please share. A machine was shutdown (at this moment I suspect an unexpected mantainace), on that machine there was a long running process that was interrupted. Monitorization confirms that the process did not terminated normally. Loking at the logs for the long running process it seem that was just finishing. That seems higly unprobable since it was running for more than 6 hours (witch is a bit more than the usual 5 hours). The process lanches child processes and waits for results from them, I suspect pour error control on the parent process and that the shutdown as terminated child processes before.

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  • PFSENSE and IPV6 , direct connect rules

    - by Bgnt44
    My question is about pfsense configuration for ipv6 In theory Ipv6 are fully routable even in a LAN For stating point i ve Using this tutorial : http://doc.pfsense.org/index.php/Using_IPv6_on_2.1_with_a_Tunnel_Broker So my Lan network has ipv4 connection and ipv6 I would like to be able to access my LAN machines by their IPV6 i'm confused with firewall rules which i need to set to be able to do that Even if i set all interfaces to pass all packets, i'm not able to directly access any machine by their IPV6 Did i miss something ? Edit : Ok i found that it work now, think it has always work but my isp seems to support ipv6 sometimes and sometimes not ... weird

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  • Is email encryption practical enough?

    - by Dimitri C.
    All emails I have ever sent were sent as plain text. Like postcards, everybody on the way to the addressee could easily read and store them. This worries me. I know privacy is something of the past, but encrypting email is possible, at least in theory. However, I wonder whether it is practical enough. Is there anybody who has experience with email security? Is it easy to set up? And can you still send and receive email from all you friends and acquaintances?

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  • SSL certificate for ISAPI redirected Web Site

    - by Daniel
    I have a Win 2003 server and I'm using Ionics Isapi Rewrite Filter to redirect requests made to a Web Site configured in IIS to another Apache2 Server in a server not exposed to the Internet. The Web Site has its host headers configured to catch requests for the specific site, and the redirection is being done with the ProxyPass directive. This is working OK. So far the scenario, my question is: I'd like to add a server certificate to the Apache server, but I don´t know if I need to add the certificate to both Apache and IIS sites. I think I still don´t get the theory behind this and would like to know from someone with expertise in the field the right way to implement this. Thank you in advance.

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  • OpenVPN - Windows 8 to Windows 2008 Server, not connecting

    - by niico
    I have followed this tutorial about setting up an OpenVPN Server on Windows Server - and a client on Windows (in this case Windows 8). The server appears to be running fine - but it is not connecting with this error: Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Warning: cannot open --log file: C:\Program Files\OpenVPN\log\my-laptop.log: Access is denied. (errno=5) Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 OpenVPN 2.3.2 x86_64-w64-mingw32 [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [PKCS11] [eurephia] [IPv6] built on Jun 3 2013 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 MANAGEMENT: TCP Socket listening on [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:04 2013 Need hold release from management interface, waiting... Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: Client connected from [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:25340 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'state on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'log all on' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold off' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: CMD 'hold release' Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 Socket Buffers: R=[65536->65536] S=[65536->65536] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link local: [undef] Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_INET]66.666.66.666:9999 Mon Jul 22 19:09:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374494945,WAIT,,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 TLS Error: TLS handshake failed Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 SIGUSR1[soft,tls-error] received, process restarting Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 MANAGEMENT: >STATE:1374495005,RECONNECTING,tls-error,, Mon Jul 22 19:10:05 2013 Restart pause, 2 second(s) Note I have changed the IP and port no (it uses a non-standard port for security reasons). That port is open on the hardware firewall. The server logs are showing a connection attempt from my client: TLS: Initial packet from [AF_INET]118.68.xx.xx:65011, sid=081af4ed xxxxxxxx Mon Jul 22 14:19:15 2013 118.68.xx.xx:65011 TLS Error: TLS key negotiation failed to occur within 60 seconds (check your network connectivity) How can I problem solve this & find the problem? Thx Update - Client config file: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. ;proto tcp proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. remote 00.00.00.00 1194 ;remote 00.00.00.00 9999 ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. ;remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\my-laptop.key" # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 Server config file: ################################################# # Sample OpenVPN 2.0 config file for # # multi-client server. # # # # This file is for the server side # # of a many-clients <-> one-server # # OpenVPN configuration. # # # # OpenVPN also supports # # single-machine <-> single-machine # # configurations (See the Examples page # # on the web site for more info). # # # # This config should work on Windows # # or Linux/BSD systems. Remember on # # Windows to quote pathnames and use # # double backslashes, e.g.: # # "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\foo.key" # # # # Comments are preceded with '#' or ';' # ################################################# # Which local IP address should OpenVPN # listen on? (optional) ;local 00.00.00.00 # Which TCP/UDP port should OpenVPN listen on? # If you want to run multiple OpenVPN instances # on the same machine, use a different port # number for each one. You will need to # open up this port on your firewall. std 1194 port 1194 # TCP or UDP server? ;proto tcp proto udp # "dev tun" will create a routed IP tunnel, # "dev tap" will create an ethernet tunnel. # Use "dev tap0" if you are ethernet bridging # and have precreated a tap0 virtual interface # and bridged it with your ethernet interface. # If you want to control access policies # over the VPN, you must create firewall # rules for the the TUN/TAP interface. # On non-Windows systems, you can give # an explicit unit number, such as tun0. # On Windows, use "dev-node" for this. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. ;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel if you # have more than one. On XP SP2 or higher, # you may need to selectively disable the # Windows firewall for the TAP adapter. # Non-Windows systems usually don't need this. ;dev-node MyTap # SSL/TLS root certificate (ca), certificate # (cert), and private key (key). Each client # and the server must have their own cert and # key file. The server and all clients will # use the same ca file. # # See the "easy-rsa" directory for a series # of scripts for generating RSA certificates # and private keys. Remember to use # a unique Common Name for the server # and each of the client certificates. # # Any X509 key management system can be used. # OpenVPN can also use a PKCS #12 formatted key file # (see "pkcs12" directive in man page). ca "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\ca.crt" cert "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.crt" key "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\server.key" # Diffie hellman parameters. # Generate your own with: # openssl dhparam -out dh1024.pem 1024 # Substitute 2048 for 1024 if you are using # 2048 bit keys. dh "C:\\Program Files\\OpenVPN\\config\\dh2048.pem" # Configure server mode and supply a VPN subnet # for OpenVPN to draw client addresses from. # The server will take 10.8.0.1 for itself, # the rest will be made available to clients. # Each client will be able to reach the server # on 10.8.0.1. Comment this line out if you are # ethernet bridging. See the man page for more info. server 10.8.0.0 255.255.255.0 # Maintain a record of client <-> virtual IP address # associations in this file. If OpenVPN goes down or # is restarted, reconnecting clients can be assigned # the same virtual IP address from the pool that was # previously assigned. ifconfig-pool-persist ipp.txt # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging. # You must first use your OS's bridging capability # to bridge the TAP interface with the ethernet # NIC interface. Then you must manually set the # IP/netmask on the bridge interface, here we # assume 10.8.0.4/255.255.255.0. Finally we # must set aside an IP range in this subnet # (start=10.8.0.50 end=10.8.0.100) to allocate # to connecting clients. Leave this line commented # out unless you are ethernet bridging. ;server-bridge 10.8.0.4 255.255.255.0 10.8.0.50 10.8.0.100 # Configure server mode for ethernet bridging # using a DHCP-proxy, where clients talk # to the OpenVPN server-side DHCP server # to receive their IP address allocation # and DNS server addresses. You must first use # your OS's bridging capability to bridge the TAP # interface with the ethernet NIC interface. # Note: this mode only works on clients (such as # Windows), where the client-side TAP adapter is # bound to a DHCP client. ;server-bridge # Push routes to the client to allow it # to reach other private subnets behind # the server. Remember that these # private subnets will also need # to know to route the OpenVPN client # address pool (10.8.0.0/255.255.255.0) # back to the OpenVPN server. ;push "route 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0" ;push "route 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0" # To assign specific IP addresses to specific # clients or if a connecting client has a private # subnet behind it that should also have VPN access, # use the subdirectory "ccd" for client-specific # configuration files (see man page for more info). # EXAMPLE: Suppose the client # having the certificate common name "Thelonious" # also has a small subnet behind his connecting # machine, such as 192.168.40.128/255.255.255.248. # First, uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # Then create a file ccd/Thelonious with this line: # iroute 192.168.40.128 255.255.255.248 # This will allow Thelonious' private subnet to # access the VPN. This example will only work # if you are routing, not bridging, i.e. you are # using "dev tun" and "server" directives. # EXAMPLE: Suppose you want to give # Thelonious a fixed VPN IP address of 10.9.0.1. # First uncomment out these lines: ;client-config-dir ccd ;route 10.9.0.0 255.255.255.252 # Then add this line to ccd/Thelonious: # ifconfig-push 10.9.0.1 10.9.0.2 # Suppose that you want to enable different # firewall access policies for different groups # of clients. There are two methods: # (1) Run multiple OpenVPN daemons, one for each # group, and firewall the TUN/TAP interface # for each group/daemon appropriately. # (2) (Advanced) Create a script to dynamically # modify the firewall in response to access # from different clients. See man # page for more info on learn-address script. ;learn-address ./script # If enabled, this directive will configure # all clients to redirect their default # network gateway through the VPN, causing # all IP traffic such as web browsing and # and DNS lookups to go through the VPN # (The OpenVPN server machine may need to NAT # or bridge the TUN/TAP interface to the internet # in order for this to work properly). ;push "redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp" # Certain Windows-specific network settings # can be pushed to clients, such as DNS # or WINS server addresses. CAVEAT: # http://openvpn.net/faq.html#dhcpcaveats # The addresses below refer to the public # DNS servers provided by opendns.com. ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.222.222" ;push "dhcp-option DNS 208.67.220.220" # Uncomment this directive to allow differenta # clients to be able to "see" each other. # By default, clients will only see the server. # To force clients to only see the server, you # will also need to appropriately firewall the # server's TUN/TAP interface. ;client-to-client # Uncomment this directive if multiple clients # might connect with the same certificate/key # files or common names. This is recommended # only for testing purposes. For production use, # each client should have its own certificate/key # pair. # # IF YOU HAVE NOT GENERATED INDIVIDUAL # CERTIFICATE/KEY PAIRS FOR EACH CLIENT, # EACH HAVING ITS OWN UNIQUE "COMMON NAME", # UNCOMMENT THIS LINE OUT. ;duplicate-cn # The keepalive directive causes ping-like # messages to be sent back and forth over # the link so that each side knows when # the other side has gone down. # Ping every 10 seconds, assume that remote # peer is down if no ping received during # a 120 second time period. keepalive 10 120 # For extra security beyond that provided # by SSL/TLS, create an "HMAC firewall" # to help block DoS attacks and UDP port flooding. # # Generate with: # openvpn --genkey --secret ta.key # # The server and each client must have # a copy of this key. # The second parameter should be '0' # on the server and '1' on the clients. ;tls-auth ta.key 0 # This file is secret # Select a cryptographic cipher. # This config item must be copied to # the client config file as well. ;cipher BF-CBC # Blowfish (default) ;cipher AES-128-CBC # AES ;cipher DES-EDE3-CBC # Triple-DES # Enable compression on the VPN link. # If you enable it here, you must also # enable it in the client config file. comp-lzo # The maximum number of concurrently connected # clients we want to allow. ;max-clients 100 # It's a good idea to reduce the OpenVPN # daemon's privileges after initialization. # # You can uncomment this out on # non-Windows systems. ;user nobody ;group nobody # The persist options will try to avoid # accessing certain resources on restart # that may no longer be accessible because # of the privilege downgrade. persist-key persist-tun # Output a short status file showing # current connections, truncated # and rewritten every minute. status openvpn-status.log # By default, log messages will go to the syslog (or # on Windows, if running as a service, they will go to # the "\Program Files\OpenVPN\log" directory). # Use log or log-append to override this default. # "log" will truncate the log file on OpenVPN startup, # while "log-append" will append to it. Use one # or the other (but not both). ;log openvpn.log ;log-append openvpn.log # Set the appropriate level of log # file verbosity. # # 0 is silent, except for fatal errors # 4 is reasonable for general usage # 5 and 6 can help to debug connection problems # 9 is extremely verbose verb 3 # Silence repeating messages. At most 20 # sequential messages of the same message # category will be output to the log. ;mute 20 I have changed IP's for security

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  • Is mismatched firmware on drives in a raid-6 a bad thing?

    - by bwerks
    Hi all, I recently expanded a raid-1 to a raid-6 with six drives. I ordered all four of the new drives from the same place, and all of them were advertised to be the same drives as the original two--Seagate 15krpm 146gb. However, when I was looking at the drives in the perc6/i utility, one of them appeared to be an earlier firmware version; it had S515, compared to the other five drives with S527. Sure enough, after inspecting the drive itself, the label advertised the earlier firmware version. Running Dell's SAS firmware upgrade utility should have in theory moved them all up to S52A, but when I ran it it moved the S527 drives up to S52A, and left the S515 drive untouched. Is this something to be worried about? If it's something that should be corrected, is there a way to target a particular drive for upgrade since the firmware utility didn't seem to do it by itself?

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  • limit linux background flush (dirty pages)

    - by korkman
    Background flushing in linux happens when either too much written data is pending (adjustable via /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio) or a timeout for pending writes is reached (/proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs). Unless another limit is being hit (/proc/sys/vm/dirty_ratio), more written data may be cached. Further writes will block. In theory, this should create a background process writing out dirty pages without disturbing other processes. In practice, it does disturb any process doing uncached reading or synchronous writing. Badly. This is because the background flush actually writes at 100% device speed and any other device requests at this time will be delayed (because all queues and write-caches on the road are filled). Is there any way to limit the amount of requests per second the flushing process performs, or otherwise effectively prioritize other device I/O?

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  • Is there a way to bridge two outgoing TCP connections in order to bypass firewalls and NAT?

    - by TK Kocheran
    We're all familiar with the problem of port-forwarding and NAT: if you want to expose something to accepting an incoming connection, you need to configure port-forwarding on the router or conjure up some other black magickery to "punch holes" in the firewall using UDP or something. I'm fairly new to the whole "hole-punching" concept so could someone explain how it works? Essentially, I'd like to understand how hole-punching would work and the theory behind it, as well as if two TCP connections could be bridged via a third party. Since there's no issue with outgoing TCP connections since it's handled with NAT, could a third party bridge the connections so that the two parties are still connected but without the bandwidth cost of traffic going through the third party?

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  • Logstash shipper & server on the samebox

    - by keftes
    I'm trying to setup a central logstash configuration. However I would like to be sending my logs through syslog-ng and not third party shippers. This means that my logstash server is accepting via syslog-ng all the logs from the agents. I then need to install a logstash process that will be reading from /var/log/syslog-clients/* and grabbing all the log files that are sent to the central log server. These logs will then be sent to redis on the same VM. In theory I need to also configure a second logstash process that will read from redis and start indexing the logs and send them to elasticsearch. My question: Do I have to use two different logstash processes (shipper & server) even if I am in the same box (I want one log server instance)? Is there any way to just have one logstash configuration and have the process read from syslog-ng --- write to redis and also read from redis --- output to elastic search ? Diagram of my setup: [client]-------syslog-ng--- [log server] ---syslog-ng <----logstash-shipper --- redis <----logstash-server ---- elastic-search <--- kibana

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  • How would I / could I obtain an reasonably comprehensive list of domain names?

    - by Simon
    I know that domain names are constantly changing, and I know there are a lot of them, but there is clearly a region of the domain name space which is stable. How would I go about getting a list, even a very big one? Such a thing must logically exist, even if it is in a distributed form, because the web's DNS servers resolve names to IP addresses. So in theory if I could poll all the DNS servers in the world at a moment in time I would have the complete list of mapped names. Is there a practical way of doing that? As an aside, does anyone have any good estimates of how many domain names exist at the moment?

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  • Does Lapping a CPU / Heatsink actually drop the temp?

    - by Pure.Krome
    Hi folks, i've been watching some YouTube vids about Lapping a CPU. I've never heard of this modding technique before and, though extreame, I was wondering if it acutally works? Assuming you lap your cpu and/or heatsink correctly, will the temps drop? When I say drop, at least a 1 degree drop is success (for the debate of this topic). To keep this topic clean, please refrain from anyone commenting on the overkill of labour, just for a 1 degree (worst case) drop, etc. This is a discussion about the theory and concept, not personal opionion of wether to lap or not.

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  • Apache vs Lighttpd: Weird behavior in reverse proxy mode.

    - by northox
    Context: I have an Apache server running in reverse proxy mode in front of a Tomcat java server. It handle HTTP and HTTPS and send those request back and forth to the Tomcat server on an internal HTTP port. Goal: I'm trying to replace the reverse proxy with Lighttpd. Problem: while asking for the same HTTPS url, while using Apache as the reverse proxy, the Tomcat server redirect (302) to an HTTPS page but with Lighttpd it redirect to the same page in HTTP (not HTTPS). Question: What does Lighttpd could do different in order to have a different result from the backend server? In theory, using Apache or Lighttpd server as a reverse proxy should not change anything... but it does. Any idea? I'll try to find something by sniffing the traffic on the backend tomcat server.

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  • Load balance between two virtual directories on a single machine running IIS6

    - by Emil Lerch
    I'm trying to simulate a production environment using a single VM. The production environment will have 3 servers behind a load balancer with sticky sessions. Production will be using IIS6. For development, I have no need to distribute load, but I want to make sure the team does not write code that relies on a single-server module. I have been hoping to set up two virtual directories and find some isapi filter to perform some rudimentary software load balancing, but I've been unable to locate anything suitable. isapi_rewrite comes close but there's no ability for a random rewrite. I don't even need sticky sessions since the application does not (in theory) rely on them. Is there something easy/free to do this, or am I stuck with multiple VMs and a NLB setup (which seems like total overkill)?

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  • Overcrowded Windows XP Folders

    - by BlairHippo
    I know that, technically, an individual Windows XP directory can hold an immense number of files (over 4.29 billion, according to a quick Google search). However, is there a practical ceiling where too many files in one directory starts having an impact on reads to those files? If so, what factors would exacerbate or help the issue? I ask because my employer has several hundred XP machines in the field at client sites, and the performance on some of the older ones is getting "sludgy." The machines download and display client-defined images, and my supervisor and I suspect that our slacktastic approach to cache management could be to blame. (Some of the directories have tens of thousands of images in them.) I'm trying to gather evidence to support or contest the theory before spending time on a coding fix.

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  • CRL checking problem windows 2003

    - by Tim Mahy
    Hi all, we have CRL that is valid for 24 hours and has a next update in 12 hours. The CRL is valid from 12:12 AM to 12:12 AM and from 12:12 PM to 12:12 PM. In the logs of the CRL hosting webserver we see that one of our servers not always fetches the CRL at night, in most cases the server that missed the CRL IIS servers 403.16 on 12:13 PM. Is our following theory good: when a windows server misses fetching the CRL on it's nextUpdate but the current CRL is still valid, the fetching is not retried? This leads to a situation that when the CRL expires there is no overlap and gives a little time of 403.16 situations in IIS since the CRL is not thrusted and so all certificates are marked als unsafe? greetings, Tim

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  • Using Gentoo's `ebegin`, `eend` etc under Ubuntu

    - by Marcus Downing
    We're quite fond of the style of the ebegin, eend, eerror, eindent etc commands used by Portage and other tools on Gentoo. The green-yellow-red bullets and standard layout make for very quick spotting of errors, on what would otherwise be very grey command line output. #!/bin/sh source /etc/init.d/functions.sh ebegin "Copying data" rsync .... eend $? Producing output similar to: * Copying data... [ OK ] As a result we're using these commands in some of our common shell scripts, which is a problem for the people using Ubuntu and other linuxes. (linuces? linuxen? linucae? other distros) On Gentoo these functions are provided by OpenRC, and imported with functions.sh file (whose exact position seems to vary slightly). But is there a simple way of getting these commands on Ubuntu? In theory we could replace them all with dull echos, but we'd rather not?

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  • How to recover data from software RAID 5 disk partition

    - by Ali n
    I have CentOS 5.8 on my computer, with 5x 1TB hard drives. I used software RAID. (RAID 1 as a boot partition md0, RAID 0 as a root partition md1 and RAID 5 as /home partition md3). Unfortunately one of these hard drives failed lately and I want to replace it with a new one. I want to know that is it possible to change this hard drive without data loss? The important partition is RAID 5 so in theory if one of hard drives failed I should be able to recover its data without any problem. But in practice how can I do that?

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  • How do UEFI and virtual machines relate to each other?

    - by Iterator
    I am trying to get my head around UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface) and it's not entirely clear to me how this affects virtual machines. Thus, there are three parts to this question: Is UEFI an advance in hardware support for virtualization? All other things being equal, would a machine with UEFI be more likely to run a virtual machine more efficiently than one without, or does UEFI cause any performance hits that negate any speed improvements from a virtual machine? Would the difference in execution be visible to code running in a virtual machine? (In theory, it shouldn't, but in practice?)

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  • Are there any free voice transcription software?

    - by netvope
    I have some 1-hour-long voice recordings containing useful information that I may need to look up in the future. Instead of transcribing them myself (which will take me many hours), I want to automate it using software. I don't need an accurate transcription; it's OK as long as I can get an idea of what was being talked about by skimming over the transcription. With this, I can quickly figure out which part of the audio contains the information I need, and is much more convenient than seeking randomly. In theory I could write a program to split the audio into 3 minutes chucks and pipe them into Google Voice's free voicemail transcription service... But I hope there are better solutions. Do you know any free voice transcription software? Note: Free trials are also acceptable

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  • Using "mv" or "ditto" to merge folders in OS X

    - by Sandro Dzneladze
    Used to the Windows way of doing I just found out OS X has no merge function – moving means replacing the folder. While this does make sense, I miss merging! I've two Wordpress directories, 1 contains default source and 2 contains worked version with plugins custom theme etc. I want to see difference between this two, so I'm putting it on SVN. Folder 1 is already up, now in theory I should simply merge contents of 2 with 1 by replacing everything with contents of 2 but leaving hidden SVN files untouched. Unfortunately OS X, when moving, replaces the folder so that my SVN client goes crazy and doesn't understand folder structure anymore. So, I believe my options are mv and ditto, but which one would you use in my situation and how? sudo mv wordpress /Documents/svn/wwwholiday/trunk/wordpress I want mv to overwrite everything it finds, but leave alone whatever is already inside folder 1 and has no duplicate in folder 2.

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  • Unset the system immutable bit in Mac OS X

    - by skylarking
    In theory I believe you can unlock and remove the system immutable bit with: chflags noschg /Path/To/File But how can you do this when you've set the bit as root? I have a file that is locked, and even running this command as root will not work as the operation is not permitted. I tried logging in as Single-User mode to no avail. I seem to remember that even though you are in as root you are in at level '1'. And to be able to remove the system-immutable flag you need to be logged in at level '0'. Does this have something to do with this issue?

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  • Script errors when run by launchd at startup, but not when run in Terminal

    - by Mechcozmo
    I'm attempting to create a RAM disk that loads the previous contents when the system starts up, and every six hours writes the contents to a disk image. Currently, when you run the script from the terminal ("sudo bash LogToRAM.sh") everything works fine. But when run from launchd during startup, it doesn't work. Here's the lines from the log; the first line just gives some idea as to where in the boot process we are: SecurityAgent[202] Showing Login Window com.mechcozmo.LogToRAM[51] + /Developer/usr/bin/SetFile -a V /Volumes/LogfileRAMdisk com.mechcozmo.LogToRAM[51] ERROR: File Not Found. (-43) on file: /Volumes/LogfileRAMdisk com.mechcozmo.LogToRAM[51] + /usr/sbin/asr -source '/Library/Application Support/LogToRAM/RAMdisk_store.dmg' -target /Volumes/LogfileRAMdisk/ -noverify Here is the script and plist file in question. Note that 'set -vx' is up at the top of the script; it give a lot of information about what is happening in the script. My current theory is that the /Volumes directory does not exist at this stage of the boot process, but that seems unlikely to be honest.

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  • environment variable issue in shell

    - by George2
    I am using Red Hat Linux Enterprise 5. I know the theory that -- using export to set environment variable, the environment variable will apply to current and child environment, but without using export to set environment variable, the environment variable will only apply to the current environment. My confusion is, what is the exact definition of "child environment" and "current environment"? For example, $ var1=123 $ echo "Hello [$var1]" the value of var1 (which is 123) is printed in shell, but I think echo is a command invoked by current shell, and it (the echo command) should be a child environment of current shell and the value of var1 should not (because not using export var1=123) impact echo. Any comments? Thanks in advance!

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  • installing SQLite3 gem on remote FreeBSD server using RVM - root permissions needed?

    - by atmosx
    I am trying to install ruby SQLite3 gem, on a remote freebsd server. I'm using RVM which in theory does not need 'root permission' to compile gems but I get a root error, here: [user ~]$ gem install sqlite3 -- --with-sqlite3-dir=/home/www/atma/opt/ [...] make install /usr/bin/install -c -o root -g wheel -m 0755 sqlite3_native.so /home/www/atma/.gems/gems/sqlite3-1.3.6/lib/sqlite3 install: /home/www/atma/.gems/gems/sqlite3-1.3.6/lib/sqlite3/sqlite3_native.so: chown/chgrp: Operation not permitted make: * [/home/www/atma/.gems/gems/sqlite3-1.3.6/lib/sqlite3/sqlite3_native.so] Error 71 Gem files will remain installed in /home/www/atma/.gems/gems/sqlite3-1.3.6 for inspection. Results logged to /home/www/atma/.gems/gems/sqlite3-1.3.6/ext/sqlite3/gem_make.out Any ideas how to approach this? Maybe re-installing RVM? best regards, PA

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