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• Why won't vsftpd let me log in with a virtual user account?

  - by Ramon

  I would like to use vsftpd with virtual users and pam_pwdfile.so. I installed vsftpd and added two users (ramon and dragon) via htpasswd to my file /etc/vsftpd.passwd. The /etc/pam.d/vsftpd is configured to use this file. auth required pam_listfile.so item=user sense=deny file=/etc/ftpusers onerr=succeed auth required pam_pwdfile.so pwdfile /etc/vsftpd.passwd account required pam_permit.so @include common-account @include common-session The user "ramon" is also available in /etc/passwd. A login to the ftp with the user "ramon" works as expected. But a login using "dragon" does not :/ The result is always Login failed: 530 Login incorrect. Since it's possible that I made a mistake I tried the exact way documented in /usr/share/doc/vsftpd/examples/VIRTUAL_USERS/README. Still no luck. I can login with the user "ramon", but not with the user "dragon". Any ideas?

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• using flock in bash, why does killing a child process kill the parent process too?

  - by Robby

  In the code snippet below, I want the script to be limited to only running one copy at a time, and for it to restart server.x if it dies for any reason. Without flock involved, the loop correctly restarts if I kill the server process, but once I use flock to ensure the script is only running once, if I kill server.x it also kills the parent process. How can I ensure that killing the child process in a flock script keeps the parent around? #!/bin/bash set -e ( flock -x -n 200 while true do ./server.x $1 done ) 200>/var/lock/.m_rst.$1.lock

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• Why does newline come before space in the output of hexdump?

  - by ??????? ???????????

  Printing these characters in the "Canonical" format gives the output that I expect, while the default format throws me off. $ echo " " |hexdump # Reversed? 0000000 0a20 0000002 $ echo -n " " |hexdump # Ok, fair enough. 0000000 0020 $ echo " " |hexdump -C # Canonical 00000000 20 0a | .| 00000002 With a different string, such as "123" the output is even more confusing: $ echo "123" |hexdump 0000000 3231 0a33 0000004 The output here does not seem "reversed", but rather shuffled. Would anyone care to explain (briefly) what is going on here?

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• Why would I be getting IXFR and AXFR transfer denied on my DNS server?

  - by danielj

  From everything I've researched and tried, it appears that my named.conf is configured correctly, including the allow-transfer section. Here is a sample of the errors. It is only happening with a couple of my secondary servers, but it is happening for every zone for those servers that are failing. One of the servers is attempting IXFR, the other AXFR. The result is the same: 18-Mar-2011 14:27:51.372 security: error: client 84.234.24.90#59208: zone transfer 'juansgaranton.com/IXFR/IN' denied 18-Mar-2011 14:32:18.015 security: error: client 174.37.196.55#50783: zone transfer 'cheshirecat.net/AXFR/IN' denied Here is the relevant part of named.conf. options { directory "/etc/bind"; pid-file "/var/run/named/named.pid"; files 4096; allow-transfer { 140.186.190.103; 84.234.24.90; 207.246.95.34; 203.20.52.5; 140.186.190.103; 127.0.0.1; 174.37.196.55; }; }; logging { channel "bind" { file "/var/log/bind.log" versions 3; print-time yes; print-severity yes; print-category yes; severity info; }; category lame-servers { null; }; category "default" { "bind"; }; };

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• Why Is ModSecurity Unable to Access the Data Directory?

  - by tommytwoeyes

  Update I think we've solved this; the problem appears to have been a result of the /modsec_storage directory having an incorrect value for its SELinux context type. However, we're still not sure, because although after I changed the SELinux context type value, Apache was able to create files in that directory for the global and ip collections (global.dir/global.pag and ip.dir/ip.pag), the new files still have zero bytes. I'm new to ModSecurity and am not sure if the files are empty because something is wrong with the configuration or if ModSecurity has simply determined it doesn't need to store IP addresses persistently after each transaction ends. Anyone able to offer guidance here? I've recently installed ModSecurity (v2.5.12 / CRS v2.0.8) on our production server, and everything works great, except for these errors that it keeps writing to the Apache error log: Failed to access DBM file "/modsec_storage/global": Permission denied [hostname "www.internationalstudent.com"] [uri "/includes/soc_bookmarks/images/delicious.png"] [unique_id "LZ6jc38AAAEAAFO6408AAABO"] Failed to access DBM file "/modsec_storage/ip": Permission denied [hostname "www.internationalstudent.com"] [uri "/includes/soc_bookmarks/images/delicious.png"] [unique_id "LZ6jc38AAAEAAFO6408AAABO"] After following the instructions for file permission settings in the ModSecurity handbook by Ivan Ristic, with no success, I created a /modsec_storage directory, set the owner & group to apache, and set the permissions for the directory recursively to 777. However, ModSecurity is still reporting the same permission errors, so I am stumped. Can anyone tell me how to fix this?

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• Why does `rpm` show 3 httpd packages, and which one provides the real httpd?

  - by Stefan Lasiewski

  I ran yum update on my CentOS5 webserver a few days ago. Today I just noticed that I have 3 httpd-* rpms! How can I end up with three RPMs for httpd (My other servers only have one httpd rpm). I want to make sure that my server has a patched, updated version of /usr/sbin/httpd. How can I tell which one of these packages provides the httpd binary at /usr/sbin/httpd? [root@node1 ~]# rpm -q httpd httpd-2.2.3-76.el5.centos httpd-2.2.3-78.el5.centos httpd-2.2.3-83.el5.centos [root@node1 ~]# /usr/sbin/httpd -V |grep version Server version: Apache/2.2.3 [root@node1 ~]# rpm -q httpd-2.2.3-76.el5.centos --list |grep -w /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd.event /usr/sbin/httpd.worker [root@node1 ~]# rpm -q httpd-2.2.3-78.el5.centos --list |grep -w /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd.event /usr/sbin/httpd.worker [root@node1 ~]# rpm -q httpd-2.2.3-83.el5.centos --list |grep -w /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd /usr/sbin/httpd.event /usr/sbin/httpd.worker [root@node1 ~]# root@node1 ~]# rpm -q --provides httpd |grep -w httpd config(httpd) = 2.2.3-76.el5.centos httpd-mmn = 20051115 httpd = 2.2.3-76.el5.centos config(httpd) = 2.2.3-78.el5.centos httpd-mmn = 20051115 httpd = 2.2.3-78.el5.centos config(httpd) = 2.2.3-83.el5.centos httpd-mmn = 20051115 httpd = 2.2.3-83.el5.centos Update: Answering Mark Wagner's questions: [root@node1 ~]# rpm -q -f /usr/sbin/httpd httpd-2.2.3-76.el5.centos httpd-2.2.3-78.el5.centos httpd-2.2.3-83.el5.centos [root@node1 ~]# rpm -V httpd-2.2.3-83.el5.centos S.5..... c /etc/logrotate.d/httpd S.5..... c /etc/rc.d/init.d/httpd ....L... /var/www

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• Why won't 2GB of ram across 3 of 4 slots work on my motherboard (max 2GB)?

  - by Andrew

  My desktop is an old home-built machine circa 200[5-6] running Ubuntu 11.10 (but this is not relevant because I'm reading available ram from BIOS loading screen), with an ASUS P5GPL motherboard, not X or X-SE - it has four slots. I'm mainly a laptop person, but keep this around for running a server from if needed, backing up to, seeding Ubuntu to people from, etc… It has four (DDR) ram slots, two black and two blue, in the order black-blue-black-blue (I will call them D, C, B, and A, respectively) with some space in the middle. The blue ones are the closest to the processor. I used to have two 512MB chips in the two blue slots. I just got a 1GB chip and plugged it into one of the black slots; my system didn't recognize it. I messed around and discovered that it will not recognize chips in many positions, and I couldn't get it to recognize all three of these chips at the same time. In particular, if I put the 512MB chips in A and B it would only use 1, but AC, AD, BD, and CD worked. I didn't try BC, I believe. Only some of these continue to work when I switch the 1GB chip into one of these positions. Can I have some advice as to how to position these chips to get all 2GB used? How about if I get another 1GB chip - where should I put the two? And what about the RAM maximum Crucial says? Can I go above 2GB, if I get another 1GB chip? Right now, I have a 512MB chip in A and the 1GB chip in C. EDIT: I read some other posts and tried dmidecode in Ubuntu to clarify the max memory question, that wasn't a major part anyways. It says my max memory module size is 1024M (OK) and my max memory size is 4096M (doesn't agree with Crucial OR the Asus web site, maybe it will only work while in Linux and BIOS won't OK it?).

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• Why would my HDD main partition suddenly become hidden?

  - by Luis Oscar

  A few days ago I was using my computer as usual and I turned it off. The next day it wouldn't boot up. It just stayed after the hardware diagnostic window on the intermittent underscore screen. So clearly It wasn't booting up. I tried turning it on and off a couple of times with no avail. Finally I used windows 7 disk and it seemed as if there was no HDD. not even the installation would see the HDD. So i thought it was dead, i bought a new one installed it with windows and used a external case with the old HDD. plug it in and still couldn't see it. I finally downloaded a partition program EASUS or something and my HDD was there listed WITHOUT a system letter. I could however explore it and i set it as Unhidden and it came back to life. I could see it normally. I really just wish someone could explain to me what happened here, was it a virus? does it means the HDD is about to die? How can i prevent this or what should I do now? should i stop using this OLD HDD? Thanks

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• If I change Windows admin user password, then I can't login to Outlook, why?

  - by Tom

  I am seeing this strange behaviour with Windows 7 and Outlook 2010. If I change the password of User1 (Admin user), login, and start Outlook, it asks for the pasword. It keeps saying "password incorrect". I can login by using same password on the webclient. If I change User1's password back to last one, Outlook starts without any prompting and I'm able to send and receive emails. Is there any link between the user account, its password and the PST file's password?

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• Why have my Aperture referenced files disappeared without trace?

  - by Andy Harvey

  I have an Aperture library that I've been using for several years. In the past week a number of recent photos and movies have mysteriously disappeared. The missing files were all safely imported within the last week (I had reviewed some of the movies within Aperture, so know this to be true). The files were all referenced on an external drive. Within Aperture the files now have a "referenced file can't be found" icon. I've tried searching for the missing files manually, including within the Aperture library package, but they cannot be found anywhere. How can I (a) work out where the missing files have gone, and (b) identify the cause and ensure it doesn't happen again? I'm using Aperture 3.3.2.

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• Safe mode boot with no change on screen but ongoing hard disk activity - why?

  - by omatai

  I have a machine with a dying hard drive - bad sectors are starting to multiply :-( The first sign (24 hours ago) was that it had an unmountable boot volume. At this time, I tried booting to safe mode with command prompt, which worked, after which I rebooted normally and ran a chkdsk. It has since been working as well as I could expect, but slowly getting less reliable. So I scheduled another chkdsk on both partitions (C: - boot, D: - data), having freed up a lot of space on both partitions to give Windows a little more scope for repairs (hopefully?). I then rebooted. On reboot, it protested about the unmountable boot volume again, so I booted to safe mode. I got the same list of drivers loaded as yesterday, and then no change to the screen for the past 2 hours. However, I see a flickering hard drive indicator light - not always on, but seldom ever off. What is happening? Is the chkdsk that runs in safe mode one which produces nothing on the screen and so chkdsk could be doing its thing... or is Windows still trying (but failing) to boot into Safe Mode?

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• On a failing hard drive, I am able to view data but unable to copy it - why?

  - by Tom

  I have a 2.5" external hard drive that is failing. It's not making the expected 'clicking' noise that most hard drives and I am able to view the data, but I am unable to actually retrieve the data. I attempted to use SpinRite in order to access the data on the drive, but it didn't like the external drive. When I view the drive's property page, the drive shows that it's used space is at 100% and that it has 0 bytes available; however, the progress indicator under the drive icon in Windows Explorer shows that it's roughly 50% full (which is correct). When I attempt to run Windows' "Error Checking" tool and attempt to "scan for an attempt recovery of bad sectors," the tool begins to run then immediately closes with no error message. I am able to browse the contents of the drive using Windows Explorer. When I begin to try copying any given single file, the copy process begins, an indicator starts, and then the copy fails with no real error message. The Disk Management page in Computer Management under Control Panel also shows this drive has being 'Healthy.' I dropped the drive off at a data recovery store and they said that "The data seems to be intact, but an internal failure is preventing any information from being retrieved." They offered to provide me references to a data recovery specialist. I've also attempted to run CHKDSK on the drive (with and without arguments) but it returns the following error: The type of the filesystem is RAW. CHKDSK is not available for RAW drives. Before going the route of more expensive data recovery, I'm wondering if these symptoms sound familiar to anyone? Other questions... I'm willing to continue trying tools such as TestDisk and/or PhotoRec (as the majority of the data that I'd like to salvage are photos) but how long I should expect either tool to run given approximately 400GB of data? I'm also comfortable using Linux so I welcome any suggestions for utilities or tools and strategies with which you've had success.

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• Why does my Internet slow to a crawl unless I reboot my router every few days?

  - by Lord Torgamus

  A few weeks ago, I noticed that my Internet connection had slowed down to a crawl. I waited a few days hoping it would go away on its own, but it didn't get better. So I asked this question about how to make it faster. The problem went away after I updated to the latest firmware, so I didn't follow up too carefully. But every few days since then, my Internet has slowed down again. Unlike before, all I have to do to fix it is open the router administration page and press the "Reboot" button. Nothing else seems to work, though I'm sure there are options I haven't tried. If it makes a difference, my girlfriend and I both transfer large amounts of data fairly routinely for school (videoconferencing, downloading entire recorded lectures). The router is a Cisco/Linksys 160N V3 that's about a year old. Most of the time, it deals with just two standard Windows 7 laptops. The only thing I came across while searching for answers/dupes was this question, which seems similar superficially, but probably doesn't have the same root issue. Anyways, it's not resolved. What could be causing these slowdowns, and how can I get rid of them?

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• Why do digits in bash script names screw up path lookups?

  - by cannikin

  I've got a simple script that lists a bunch of EC2 servers and automates me connecting to them. This script lives at ~/bin/ec2 My PATH looks something like: /Users/rob/bin:/Users/rob:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/opt/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin Whenever I call ec2 I get: -bash: /Users/rob/ec2: No such file or directory Unless I give it the full path, then it'll work. If I rename the script to just ec then I can run it from anywhere like expected. Have digits in script names always been a problem like this? I'm on Mac OSX.

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• Why do I get "Permission denied (publickey)" when trying to SSH from local Ubuntu to a Amazon EC2 server?

  - by Vorleak Chy

  I have an instance of an application running in the cloud on Amazon EC2 instance, and I need to connect it from my local Ubuntu. It works fine on one of local ubuntu and also laptop. I got message "Permission denied (publickey)" when trying to access SSH to EC2 on another local Ubuntu. It's so strange to me. I'm thinking some sort of problems with security settings on the Amazon EC2 which has limited IPs access to one instance or certificate may need to regenerate. Does anyone know a solution?

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• Why does Windows Update download updates for 32-bit Win 7 when I have 64-bit and how to solve it?

  - by verve

  I have my Windows Update set to "I'll choose when to install" instead of updates installing automatically; good thing too because 90% of the updates are for 32-bit systems! Am I suppose to install them? Shouldn't I only install 64-bit version updates? And, how to I make Windows Update download the proper updates only? Side question: Is there a way to "unselect all" in the Windows Update app? Win 7 64-bit. IE 8.

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• Why does Django's dev server use port 8000 by default?

  - by kojiro

  (My question isn't really about Django. It's about alternative http ports. I just happen to know Django is a relatively famous application that uses 8000 by default, so it's illustrative.) I have a dev server in the wild that we occasionally need to run multiple httpd services on on different ports. When I needed to stand a third service up and we were already using ports 80 and 8080, I discovered our security team has locked port 8000 access from the Internet. I recognize that port 80 is the standard http port, and 8080 is commonly http_alt, but I'd like to make the case to our security team to open 8000 as well. In order to make that case, I hope the answer to this question can provide me with a reasonable argument for using port 8000 over 8080 in some case. Or was it just a random choice with no meaning?

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• Why are emails sent from my applications being marked as spam?

  - by Brian

  Hi. I have 2 web apps running on the same server. The first is www.nimikri.com and the other is www.hourjar.com. Both apps share the same IP address (75.127.100.175). My server is through a shared hosting company. I've been testing my apps, and at first all my emails were being delivered to me just fine. Then a few days ago every email from both apps got dumped into my spam box (in gmail and google apps). So far the apps have just been sending emails to me and nobody else, so I know people aren't manually flagging them as spam. I did a reverse DNS lookup for my IP and the results I got were these: 100.127.75.in-addr.arpa NS DNS2.GNAX.NET. 100.127.75.in-addr.arpa NS DNS1.GNAX.NET. Should the reverse DNS lookup point to nimikri.com and hourjar.com, or are they set up fine the way they are? I noticed in the email header these 2 lines: Received: from nimikri.nimikri.com From: Hour Jar <[email protected]> Would the different domain names be causing gmail to think this is spam? Here is the header from one of the emails. Please let me know if any of this looks like a red flag for spam. Thanks. Delivered-To: [email protected] Received: by 10.231.157.85 with SMTP id a21cs54749ibx; Sun, 25 Apr 2010 10:03:14 -0700 (PDT) Received: by 10.151.130.18 with SMTP id h18mr3056714ybn.186.1272214992196; Sun, 25 Apr 2010 10:03:12 -0700 (PDT) Return-Path: <[email protected]> Received: from nimikri.nimikri.com ([75.127.100.175]) by mx.google.com with ESMTP id 28si4358025gxk.44.2010.04.25.10.03.11; Sun, 25 Apr 2010 10:03:11 -0700 (PDT) Received-SPF: neutral (google.com: 75.127.100.175 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) client-ip=75.127.100.175; Authentication-Results: mx.google.com; spf=neutral (google.com: 75.127.100.175 is neither permitted nor denied by best guess record for domain of [email protected]) [email protected] Received: from nimikri.nimikri.com (localhost.localdomain [127.0.0.1]) by nimikri.nimikri.com (8.14.3/8.14.3) with ESMTP id o3PH3A7a029986 for <[email protected]>; Sun, 25 Apr 2010 12:03:11 -0500 Date: Sun, 25 Apr 2010 12:03:10 -0500 From: Hour Jar <[email protected]> To: [email protected] Message-ID: <[email protected]> Subject: [email protected] has invited you to New Event MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-Type: text/html; charset=us-ascii Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

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• Why does PSEXEC work if I don't specify a password?

  - by Kev

  When I run PSEXEC to launch a process on a remote machine, if I specify the password in the command line it fails with: PsExec could not start cmd.exe on web1928: Logon failure: unknown user name or bad password. psexec \\web1928 -u remoteexec -p mypassword "cmd.exe" If I just specify: psexec \\web1928 -u remoteexec "cmd.exe" and type in the password it works just fine. The originating server is Windows 2003 and the remote server is Windows 2008 SP2.

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• Why does httpd handle requests for wrong hostnames in SSL mode?

  - by Manuel

  I have an SSL-enabled virtual host for my sites at example.com:10443 Listen 10443 <VirtualHost _default_:10443> ServerName example.com:10443 ServerAdmin [email protected] ErrorLog "/var/log/httpd/error_log" TransferLog "/var/log/httpd/access_log" SSLEngine on SSLProtocol all -SSLv2 SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:!MD5 SSLCertificateFile "/etc/ssl/private/example.com.crt" SSLCertificateKeyFile "/etc/ssl/private/example.com.key" SSLCertificateChainFile "/etc/ssl/private/sub.class1.server.ca.pem" SSLCACertificateFile "/etc/ssl/private/StartCom.pem" </VirtualHost> Browsing to https://example.com:10443/ works as expected. However, also browsing to https://subdomain.example.com:10443/ (with DNS set) shows me the same pages (after SSL certificate warning). I would have expected the directive ServerName example.com:10443 to reject all connection attempts to other server names. How can I tell the virtual host not to serve requests for URLs other than the top-level one?

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• Why is SMB from a Windows 7 64-bit to OS X Server so slow when using DNS vs IP?

  - by chuboy

  When I connect my 64-bit Windows 7 to a OS X server using \servername, my transfer rates are around 400KB/s. However, when I do the same thing using \192.168.0.10 (which is the IP of the server), transfer rates jump to 30MB/s. All of this happens via a gigabit ethernet cable with my wireless disabled I heard Samba itself "doesn't use DNS", but if that's the case, how am I able to connect to the server in the first place?

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• Why does this monitor go to sleep but won't wake up, event though all related power options are turned off?

  - by VoidKing

  We have a machine, Windows 7 (64-bit) with ASUS motherboard, in our building that only sometimes seems to go to sleep, but won't wake up. The machine is still running but shaking the mouse or hitting keys on the keyboard won't wake it up. I have tried for days to isolate the problem, but every time we get to a "let's try this" scenario, it happens again, later. All power options related to display being off are set to never, except the simple, "turn display off after..." setting. That is, the hard drive is set to never turn off, and the computer is set to never sleep nor hibernate. All drivers seem to be up to date, but I am afraid I will hose the machine if I do a BIOS update (plus I figured that will probably have nothing to do with the issue and only make something else break). Wasn't sure if there was something obvious I was missing?

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• Why my hard disk can't boot from the BIOS?

  - by Mario

  I installed a new sata DVD burner. When I turned on the machine (windows 7) it didn't boot. It can boot from a lubuntu CD. There is an option on lubuntu to boot form the first hard disk. If I select it, the machine boots normally to windows 7. So from the CD I can boot but not from the BIOS. I checked all the options more than once: boot from HD, not boot from removable, boot from USB, boot from optical. The order of the boot sequence is HD then DVD. I tried booting only with the HD; I disconnected both DVDs. I even tried recovery of the MBR: bootsect, bootrec, fixmbr, buildbcd, nt60, etc. So, the question is, does this have a reason, what's the difference between booting from the BIOS (as I think) to from the DVD?. The BIOS is intel, it has BIOS codes on the right bottom corner, it stays at 5A for a while. 5A is "Resetting PATA/SATA bus and all devices".

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• Why is my Compaq NC8430 laptop so darned HOT ?

  - by Cheeso

  For a long time I've had a Compaq nc8430 laptop. It's nearly 3 years old now. Originally shipped with WinXP, but I installed Vista on it. From the very start it was not a good experience. This thing has one of those "stickpoint" mice, which I like. After a while, I noticed that the computer was generating lots and lots of heat. So much heat, that the stickpoint bumper would melt and disintegrate. Normally I would expect heat if the CPU was working hard, but even when the CPU was idle, the computer was hot. Much too hot to keep on my lap. Turns out this is not an uncommon problem. I installed the HWmonitor tool, and found that the CPU temp was 82C when it was plugged in - pretty darn hot. And because the temp was so high, the fan never turned off, so the laptop was as loud as a jet engine, always. If I unplugged it from A/C power, the screen would dim and the temperature would decrease, and the fan noise would lessen, but still, it was too loud. It's totally unusable. What is the problem?

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• World Wide Publishing Service very slow to restart on IIS? Why?

  - by StacMan

  Every now and then, we look to restart our IIS server by restarting the "WWW Publishing Service". On most systems this would usually only take a minute or two, but this can often take up to 10 minutes to stop the server and restart. Does anyone know any way to work out what is taking so much time to stop the service? After reading up around the net I've learned this may be due to locked resources used by users and/or lower-level IIS cached items being recycled. But I cant seem to work out where I can validate if this is true on not. Also if anyone knows how to fix or speed this up, that would be excellent. We have a large codebase which contains over 280 aspx pages across the site. Our main domain contains about 100 aspx pages whilst the subdomains contain 15 or 20 each. Some specs: Code is written in C#; runs on .Net framework 2.0 Server Windows Web Server 2008 IIS7; DB running SQL Server 2008 Standard

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