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• Python Forgiveness vs. Permission and Duck Typing

  - by darkfeline

  In Python, I often hear that it is better to "beg forgiveness" (exception catching) instead of "ask permission" (type/condition checking). In regards to enforcing duck typing in Python, is this try: x = foo.bar except AttributeError: pass else: do(x) better or worse than if hasattr(foo, "bar"): do(foo.bar) else: pass in terms of performance, readability, "pythonic", or some other important factor?

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• clear explanation sought: throw() and stack unwinding

  - by Jerry Gagelman

  I'm not a programmer but have learned a lot watching others. I am writing wrapper classes to simplify things with a really technical API that I'm working with. Its routines return error codes, and I have a function that converts those to strings: static const char* LibErrString(int errno); For uniformity I decided to have member of my classes throw an exception when an error is encountered. I created a class: struct MyExcept : public std::exception { const char* errstr_; const char* what() const throw() {return errstr_;} MyExcept(const char* errstr) : errstr_(errstr) {} }; Then, in one of my classes: class Foo { public: void bar() { int err = SomeAPIRoutine(...); if (err != SUCCESS) throw MyExcept(LibErrString(err)); // otherwise... } }; The whole thing works perfectly: if SomeAPIRoutine returns an error, a try-catch block around the call to Foo::bar catches a standard exception with the correct error string in what(). Then I wanted the member to give more information: void Foo::bar() { char adieu[128]; int err = SomeAPIRoutine(...); if (err != SUCCESS) { std::strcpy(adieu,"In Foo::bar... "); std::strcat(adieu,LibErrString(err)); throw MyExcept((const char*)adieu); } // otherwise... } However, when SomeAPIRoutine returns an error, the what() string returned by the exception contains only garbage. It occurred to me that the problem could be due to adieu going out of scope once the throw is called. I changed the code by moving adieu out of the member definition and making it an attribute of the class Foo. After this, the whole thing worked perfectly: a try-call block around a call to Foo::bar that catches an exception has the correct (expanded) string in what(). Finally, my question: what exactly is popped off the stack (in sequence) when the exception is thrown in the if-block when the stack "unwinds?" As I mentioned above, I'm a mathematician, not a programmer. I could use a really lucid explanation of what goes onto the stack (in sequence) when this C++ gets converted into running machine code.

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• Should one always know what an API is doing just by looking at the code?

  - by markmnl

  Recently I have been developing my own API and with that invested interest in API design I have been keenly interested how I can improve my API design. One aspect that has come up a couple times is (not by users of my API but in my observing discussion about the topic): one should know just by looking at the code calling the API what it is doing. For example see this discussion on GitHub for the discourse repo, it goes something like: foo.update_pinned(true, true); Just by looking at the code (without knowing the parameter names, documentation etc.) one cannot guess what it is going to do - what does the 2nd argument mean? The suggested improvement is to have something like: foo.pin() foo.unpin() foo.pin_globally() And that clears things up (the 2nd arg was whether to pin foo globally, I am guessing), and I agree in this case the later would certainly be an improvement. However I believe there can be instances where methods to set different but logically related state would be better exposed as one method call rather than separate ones, even though you would not know what it is doing just by looking at the code. (So you would have to resort to looking at the parameter names and documentation to find out - which personally I would always do no matter what if I am unfamiliar with an API). For example I expose one method SetVisibility(bool, string, bool) on a FalconPeer and I acknowledge just looking at the line: falconPeer.SetVisibility(true, "aerw3", true); You would have no idea what it is doing. It is setting 3 different values that control the "visibility" of the falconPeer in the logical sense: accept join requests, only with password and reply to discovery requests. Splitting this out into 3 method calls could lead to a user of the API to set one aspect of "visibility" forgetting to set others that I force them to think about by only exposing the one method to set all aspects of "visibility". Furthermore when the user wants to change one aspect they almost always will want to change another aspect and can now do so in one call.

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• Why are PHP function signatures so inconsistent?

  - by Shamim Hafiz

  I was going through some PHP functions and I could not help notice the following: <?php function foo(&$var) { } foo($a); // $a is "created" and assigned to null $b = array(); foo($b['b']); var_dump(array_key_exists('b', $b)); // bool(true) $c = new StdClass; foo($c->d); var_dump(property_exists($c, 'd')); // bool(true) ?> Notice the array_key_exists() and property_exists() function. In the first one, the property name(key for an array) is the first parameter while in the second one it is the second parameter. By intuition, one would expect them to have similar signature. This can lead to confusion and the development time may be wasted by making corrections of this type. Shouldn't PHP, or any language for that matter, consider making the signatures of related functions consistent?

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• Apostrophe in fstab

  - by Hamy

  Can's get a window's directory to mount due to an apostrophe. The relevant bit of fstab: # Auto-mount windows drive UUID=0C1C51021C50E86A /media/windows ntfs defaults 0 0 # Auto-mount the Music folder /media/windows/Documents\040and\040Settings/Foo\040Name/My\040Documents/My\040Music/Foo's\040Music /home/foo/Music none bind 0 0 Note that I'm using the \040 to escape spaces, but man ascii doesn't (from what I see) have an escape character for a '. I've tried \047 to no avail Thoughts?

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• Why PHP Function Naming so Inconsistent?

  - by Shamim Hafiz

  I was going through some PHP functions and I could not help notice the following: <?php function foo(&$var) { } foo($a); // $a is "created" and assigned to null $b = array(); foo($b['b']); var_dump(array_key_exists('b', $b)); // bool(true) $c = new StdClass; foo($c->d); var_dump(property_exists($c, 'd')); // bool(true) ?> Notice the array_key_exists() and property_exists() function. In the first one, the property name(key for an array) is the first parameter while in the second one it is the second parameter. By intuition, one would expect them to have similar signature. This can lead to confusion and the development time may be wasted by making corrections of this type. Shouldn't PHP, or any language for that matter, consider making the signatures of related functions consistent?

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• Utility or technique for swapping files quickly in Windows

  - by foraidt

  I frequently need to swap one file with another, without overwriting the original. Let's say there are two files, foo_new.dll and foo.dll. I usually rename them the follwing way: foo.dll - foo_old.dll, foo_new.dll - foo.dll, [do something with replaced file], foo.dll - foo_new.dll, foo_old.dll - foo.dll. This is ok for a single file to swap but it becomes tedious when swapping multiple files at once. Is there a Windows (7 and preferrably XP) utility or a technique that simplifies this task and works well when swapping multiple files? I'd prefer to be able to use it from within FreeCommander but Windows Explorer would be ok, too.

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• Sql Server 2008, Active Directory Groups, and Failed Logins

  - by Ryan Michela

  I keep getting a Login Failed error in my ASP.net application when connecting to my SQL Server 2008 database. I am trying to login with the user domain\foo. When I grant a database login (server and database level) for domain\foo, my application can connect. When I put domain\foo in a group called domain/goo and give domain\goo a database login, the user domain\foo cannot authenticate. This does not make any sense. Am I doing something wrong? domain\foo and domain\goo are configured identically. The only difference is that on is a user and one is a group containing a user. Adding active directory groups as users to SQL Server 2008 is supposed to work.

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• .zshrc alias for ssh gives "unknown host"

  - by eeeeeean

  New zsher here. When I do $ ssh [email protected] all is well. But when I create an alias in .zshrc: alias foo='ssh [email protected]' and run foo, I get "Could not resolve hostname". Question: how do I begin to figure out what's going on? It all works for me in bash, but that has nothing to do with me knowing what I'm doing! Update: When I change my alias to alias foo='user@ip_addess_for_foo' it works. A bug, maybe.

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• Cyclic Dependencies.

  - by PhilCK

  Are cyclic dependencies a common thing in games dev? I ask as I keep getting into situation where I'm using and have been told more than once that they should be avoided. I am wondering if this is just a what people say as a general rule of thumb in the software development business. and that the nature of game programming produces such dependencies. // Foo #include <Bar.hpp> class Foo { bar& m_bar; }; and // Bar class Foo; class Bar { Foo* m_foo; }; I do this alot in Ruby, but dynamic languages are more forgiving in this instance, where as static ones, not so much.

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• Nginx reverse proxy + URL rewrite

  - by jeffreyveon

  Nginx is running on port 80, and I'm using it to reverse proxy URLs with path /foo to port 3200 this way: location /foo { proxy_pass http://localhost:3200; proxy_redirect off; proxy_set_header Host $host; } This works fine, but I have an application on port 3200, for which I don't want the initial /foo to be sent to. That is - when I access http://localhost/foo/bar, I want only /bar to be the path as received by the app. So I tried adding this line: rewrite ^(.*)foo(.*)$ http://localhost:3200/$2 permanent; This causes 302 redirect (change in URL), but I want 301. What should I do?

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• How to keep AST for feature access?

  - by greenoldman

  Consider such code (let's say it is C++) Foo::Bar.get().X How one should keep the AST for this -- as "tree" with root at left Foo(Bar(get(X)), or with root at right (((Foo)Bar)get)X? Or maybe as a flat structure (list)? The first one seems more convenient when resolving names, the second when working with it as expression. I set tag parsing but I am asking from semantic analysis POV really (there is no such tag).

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• Variable declaration versus assignment syntax

  - by rwallace

  Working on a statically typed language with type inference and streamlined syntax, and need to make final decision about syntax for variable declaration versus assignment. Specifically I'm trying to choose between: // Option 1. Create new local variable with :=, assign with = foo := 1 foo = 2 // Option 2. Create new local variable with =, assign with := foo = 1 foo := 2 Creating functions will use = regardless: // Indentation delimits blocks square x = x * x And assignment to compound objects will do likewise: sky.color = blue a[i] = 0 Which of options 1 or 2 would people find most convenient/least surprising/otherwise best?

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• JNLP File Association: How do I open the file which was double-clicked on?

  - by Sam Barnum

  I've got the following JNLP: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <!DOCTYPE jnlp PUBLIC "-//Sun Microsystems, Inc//DTD JNLP Descriptor 6.0.10//EN" "http://java.sun.com/dtd/JNLP-6.0.10.dtd"> <jnlp spec="6.0.10" version="1.63" codebase="http://foo.example.com/msi" href="Foo.jnlp"> <information> <title>Foo</title> <vendor> Foo Systems, Inc.</vendor> <homepage href="http://Foo.com"/> <description>Foo Viewer/Editor Application</description> <icon href="splash.gif" width="425" height="102" kind="splash"/> <icon href="Foo.gif" width="64" height="64"/> <offline-allowed/> <shortcut> <desktop/> <menu submenu="Foo Systems, Inc."/> </shortcut> <association mime-type="application-x/wlog" extensions="wlog"/> <association mime-type="application-x/mplot" extensions="mplot"/> </information> <security> <all-permissions/> </security> <resources> <j2se version="1.6+" initial-heap-size="32m" max-heap-size="255m"/> <jar href="jars_deployment/TimingFramework-1.0.jar"/> <jar href="jars_deployment/iText-2.1.5.jar"/> <jar href="jars_deployment/jai_codec.jar"/> <jar href="Foo.jar"/> <jar href="jars_deployment/TimingFramework-1.0.jar"/> <jar href="jars_deployment/iText-2.1.5.jar"/> <jar href="jars_deployment/jai_codec.jar"/> <jar href="jars_deployment/jsch-20090402.jar"/> <property name="apple.laf.useScreenMenuBar" value="true"/> <property name="apple.awt.graphics.UseQuartz" value="false"/> <property name="com.apple.mrj.application.apple.menu.about.name" value="Foo"/> <property name="java.util.logging.config.file" value="/Users/Shared/logging.properties"/> </resources> <application-desc main-class="com.prosc.msi.editor.ui.test.Sandbox"/> </jnlp> Most everything is working. When I double-click a .wlog file, it opens up my application. However, it doesn't open the correct file. I read somewhere that JNLP was supposed to pass parameters to the main method indicating which file caused the app to be launched, but this is not happening (on OS X 10.6). I get an empty array to my application's main method. Probably unrelated, my splash screen doesn't work :( Any pointers on getting this working?

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• Disabling URL decoding in nginx proxy

  - by Tomasz Nurkiewicz

  When I browse to this URL: http://localhost:8080/foo/%5B-%5D server (nc -l 8080) receives it as-is: GET /foo/%5B-%5D HTTP/1.1 However when I proxy this application via nginx: location /foo { proxy_pass http://localhost:8080/foo; } The same request routed through nginx port is forwarded with path decoded: GET /foo/[-] HTTP/1.1 Decoded square brackets in the GET path are causing the errors in the target server (HTTP Status 400 - Illegal character in path...) as they arrive un-escaped. Is there a way to disable URL decoding or encode it back so that the target server gets the exact same path when routed through nginx? Some clever URL rewrite rule?

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• How to recursively move all files (including hidden) in a subfolder into a parent folder in *nix?

  - by deadprogrammer

  This is a bit of an embracing question, but I have to admit that this late in my career I still have questions about the mv command. I frequently have this problem: I need to move all files recursively up one level. Let's say I have folder foo, and a folder bar inside it. Bar has a mess of files and folders, including dot files and folders. How do I move everything in bar to the foo level? If foo is empty, I simply move bar one level above, delete foo and rename bar into foo. Part of the problem is that I can't figure out what mv's wildcard for "everything including dots" is. A part of this question is this - is there an in-depth discussion of the wildcards that cp and mv commands use somewhere (googling this only brings very basic tutorials).

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• What is the equivalent word for "compile" in an interpreted language?

  - by user46874

  (I was encouraged to ask this question here.) In C, we say: GCC compiles foo.c. For interpreters (such as Lua), what is the equivalent verb? The Lua interpreter ____ foo.lua. When I write instructions for users of my Lua script, I often say: Run the interpreter on foo.lua. I think this can be said more succinctly: Interpret (or Translate) foo.lua. but that sounds awkward for some reason (perhaps because I'm unsure of its correctness). I can't really say compile because users may confuse it with the usage of the Lua compiler when I actually mean the Lua interpreter.

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• Installing a program on Linux: providing a short command

  - by rwallace

  Suppose you're distributing a program to run on Linux, call it Foo, and the program executable is called foo.exe (because it's a CLR program so it runs under Mono) and it needs a couple of DLLs in the same directory and maybe a later version might need some data files that it reads on startup and whatever, so relocating it to a global bin directory is a bit of hassle and it really prefers to remain in its original directory... But the user would prefer to invoke the program by typing foo instead of mono /path/to/foo.exe. What's the best/most usual way to provide such a short command? Can/should an install script/makefile create a one line script called foo that invokes the full path, and put the one line script in a global bin directory? If so, what should be the target bin directory, and are there any directions about exactly how to do this? Or is there a preferred alternative?

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• Why is there no facility to overload static properties in PHP?

  - by Jon

  Intro PHP allows you to overload method calls and property accesses by declaring magic methods in classes. This enables code such as: class Foo { public function __get($name) { return 42; } } $foo = new Foo; echo $foo->missingProperty; // prints "42" Apart from overloading instance properties and methods, since PHP 5.3.0 we can also overload static methods calls by overriding the magic method __callStatic. Something missing What is conspicuously missing from the available functionality is the ability to overload static properties, for example: echo Foo::$missingProperty; // fatal error: access to undeclared static property This limitation is clearly documented: Property overloading only works in object context. These magic methods will not be triggered in static context. Therefore these methods should not be declared static. As of PHP 5.3.0, a warning is issued if one of the magic overloading methods is declared static. But why? My questions are: Is there a technical reason that this functionality is not currently supported? Or perhaps a (shudder) political reason? Have there been any aborted attempts to add this functionality in the past? Most importantly, the question is not "how can I have dynamic static properties in userland PHP?". That said, if you know of an especially cute implementation based on __callStatic that you want to share then by all means do so.

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• How to prevent Google Analytics from adding a second slash between domain and page specific URL when viewing a page?

  - by Jeromy Anglim

  I have a blog http://foo.tumblr.com. I sometimes go to Site Content - All Pages on Google Analytics and then navigate to page listing and then click the icon to take me to that page on my blog. However, instead of opening http://foo.tumblr.com/post/1234/blah.html Google Analytics is opening http://foo.tumblr.com//post/1234/blah.html (i.e., it is adding a second slash between the domain the page specific component of the URL). How can I stop Google Analytics from doing this?

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• How to reduce tight coupling between two data sources

  - by fstuijt

  I'm having some trouble finding a proper solution to the following architecture problem. In our setting (sketched below) we have 2 data sources, where data source A is the primary source for items of type Foo. A secondary data source exists which can be used to retrieve additional information on a Foo; however this information does not always exist. Furthermore, data source A can be used to retrieve items of type Bar. However, each Bar refers to a Foo. The difficulty here is that each Bar should refer to a Foo which, if available, also contains the information as augmented by data source B. My question is: how to remove the tight coupling between data source A and B?

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• mod_rewrite for specific domains in a mappings file

  - by scott

  I have a bunch of domains that I want to go to one domain but various parts of that domain. # this is what I currently have RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^.*\.?foo\.com$ [NC] RewriteRule ^.*$ ${domainmappings:www.foo.com} [L,R=301] # rewrite map file www.foo.com www.domain.com/domain/foo.com.php www.bar.com www.domain.com/domain/bar.com.php www.baz.com www.domain.com/other/baz.php.foo The problem is that I don't want to have to have each domain be part of the RewriteCond. I tried RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www\.(.*) RewriteRule (.*) http://%1/$1 [R=301,L] but that will do it for EVERY domain. I only want the domains that are in the mappings file to redirect, and then continue on to other rewrites if it doesn't match any domains in the mappings file.

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• How to combine RewriteRule of index.php and queries rewrite and avoid Server Error 404?

  - by Binyamin

  Both RewriteRule's works fine, except when used together. 1.Remove all queries except query ?callback=.*: # /api?callback=foo has no rewrite # /whatever?whatever=foo has 301 redirect /whatever RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /([^?#\ ]*)\?[^\ ]*\ HTTP/ [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI}?%{QUERY_STRING} !/api(/.*)?\?callback=.* RewriteRule .*$ %{REQUEST_URI}? [R=301,L] 2.Rewrite index.php queries api and url=$1: # /api returns data index.php?api&url= # /api/whatever returns data index.php?api&url=whatever RewriteRule ^api(?:/([^/]*))?$ index.php?api&url=$1 [QSA,L] RewriteRule ^([^.]*)$ index.php?url=$1 [QSA,L] Any valid combination to this RewriteRule's on keeping its functionality? This combination will return Server Error 404 to /api/?callback=foo: # Remove all queries except query "callback" RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} ^[A-Z]{3,9}\ /([^?#\ ]*)\?[^\ ]*\ HTTP/ [NC] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI}?%{QUERY_STRING} !/api(/.*)?\?callback=.* RewriteRule .*$ %{REQUEST_URI}? [R=301,L] # Rewrite index.php queries RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI}?%{QUERY_STRING} !/api(/.*)?\?callback=.* # Server Error 404 on /api/?callback=foo and /api/whatever?callback=foo RewriteRule ^api(?:/([^/]*))?$ index.php?api&url=$1 [QSA,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI}?%{QUERY_STRING} !/api(/.*)?\?callback=.* RewriteRule ^([^.]*)$ index.php?url=$1 [QSA,L]

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• Can I make a computer connecting via VPN visible to computers within the network it is connecting to

  - by SCdF

  OK, here's the deal: I have a computer (specifically, a MacBook Pro) that is connected to a standard network that is then connected to the big nasty internet. Let's call it foo. It runs a web server on 8084, and so if you were on its local network you could get to this with http://foo:8084/, or http://192.168.1.2:8084/, or whatever. From foo I can VPN into my companies intranet and see a computer on the local company network called bar (another MacBook Pro, incidentally). Is there any way to set this up so that while foo is on the VPN bar can access http://foo:8084/ (or http://x.x.x.x:8084/, or whatever)? (From my limited understanding of how VPNs work I have a sneaking suspicion the answer is no, but it doesn't hurt to ask...)

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• How can I add config options for a specific hostname outside <VirtualHost>?

  - by Boldewyn

  I'm using Apache 2.2 and let it serve domains foo.example.com and bar.example.com with <VirtualHost> statements: <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerName foo.example.com </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost 127.0.0.1:80> ServerName bar.example.com </VirtualHost> My problem is, that I need to add configuration options, that are only targeted at foo.example.com, in a separate file (let's say, /etc/apache/sites-enabled/foo.conf). This file will be included, before the VirtualHost statement is issued, but it can't be embedded inside it. Can I (and if yes, how) target configuration settings to foo.example.com requests only, outside the VirtualHost container?

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