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• Cisco ASA - Enable communication between same security level

  - by Conor

  I have recently inherited a network with a Cisco ASA (running version 8.2). I am trying to configure it to allow communication between two interfaces configured with the same security level (DMZ-DMZ) "same-security-traffic permit inter-interface" has been set, but hosts are unable to communicate between the interfaces. I am assuming that some NAT settings are causing my issue. Below is my running config: ASA Version 8.2(3) ! hostname asa enable password XXXXXXXX encrypted passwd XXXXXXXX encrypted names ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 400 ! interface Ethernet0/1 switchport access vlan 400 ! interface Ethernet0/2 switchport access vlan 420 ! interface Ethernet0/3 switchport access vlan 420 ! interface Ethernet0/4 switchport access vlan 450 ! interface Ethernet0/5 switchport access vlan 450 ! interface Ethernet0/6 switchport access vlan 500 ! interface Ethernet0/7 switchport access vlan 500 ! interface Vlan400 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address XX.XX.XX.10 255.255.255.248 ! interface Vlan420 nameif public security-level 20 ip address 192.168.20.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan450 nameif dmz security-level 50 ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan500 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0 ! ftp mode passive clock timezone JST 9 same-security-traffic permit inter-interface same-security-traffic permit intra-interface object-group network DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1 network-object host XX.XX.XX.11 network-object host XX.XX.XX.13 object-group service ssh_2220 tcp port-object eq 2220 object-group service ssh_2251 tcp port-object eq 2251 object-group service ssh_2229 tcp port-object eq 2229 object-group service ssh_2210 tcp port-object eq 2210 object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_1 tcp group-object ssh_2210 group-object ssh_2220 object-group service zabbix tcp port-object range 10050 10051 object-group service DM_INLINE_TCP_2 tcp port-object eq www group-object zabbix object-group protocol TCPUDP protocol-object udp protocol-object tcp object-group service http_8029 tcp port-object eq 8029 object-group network DM_INLINE_NETWORK_2 network-object host 192.168.20.10 network-object host 192.168.20.30 network-object host 192.168.20.60 object-group service imaps_993 tcp description Secure IMAP port-object eq 993 object-group service public_wifi_group description Service allowed on the Public Wifi Group. Allows Web and Email. service-object tcp-udp eq domain service-object tcp-udp eq www service-object tcp eq https service-object tcp-udp eq 993 service-object tcp eq imap4 service-object tcp eq 587 service-object tcp eq pop3 service-object tcp eq smtp access-list outside_access_in remark http traffic from outside access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any object-group DM_INLINE_NETWORK_1 eq www access-list outside_access_in remark ssh from outside to web1 access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.11 object-group ssh_2251 access-list outside_access_in remark ssh from outside to penguin access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.10 object-group ssh_2229 access-list outside_access_in remark http from outside to penguin access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.10 object-group http_8029 access-list outside_access_in remark ssh from outside to internal hosts access-list outside_access_in extended permit tcp any host XX.XX.XX.13 object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_1 access-list outside_access_in remark dns service to internal host access-list outside_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP any host XX.XX.XX.13 eq domain access-list dmz_access_in extended permit ip 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0 any access-list dmz_access_in extended permit tcp any host 192.168.10.29 object-group DM_INLINE_TCP_2 access-list public_access_in remark Web access to DMZ websites access-list public_access_in extended permit object-group TCPUDP any object-group DM_INLINE_NETWORK_2 eq www access-list public_access_in remark General web access. (HTTP, DNS & ICMP and Email) access-list public_access_in extended permit object-group public_wifi_group any any pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu outside 1500 mtu public 1500 mtu dmz 1500 mtu inside 1500 no failover icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 60 global (outside) 1 interface global (dmz) 2 interface nat (public) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 nat (dmz) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 2229 192.168.0.29 2229 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (inside,outside) tcp interface 8029 192.168.0.29 www netmask 255.255.255.255 static (dmz,outside) XX.XX.XX.13 192.168.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (dmz,outside) XX.XX.XX.11 192.168.10.30 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (dmz,inside) 192.168.0.29 192.168.10.29 netmask 255.255.255.255 static (dmz,public) 192.168.20.30 192.168.10.30 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (dmz,public) 192.168.20.10 192.168.10.10 netmask 255.255.255.255 dns static (inside,dmz) 192.168.10.0 192.168.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 dns access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group public_access_in in interface public access-group dmz_access_in in interface dmz route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 XX.XX.XX.9 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 telnet timeout 5 ssh 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 inside ssh timeout 20 console timeout 0 dhcpd dns 61.122.112.97 61.122.112.1 dhcpd auto_config outside ! dhcpd address 192.168.20.200-192.168.20.254 public dhcpd enable public ! dhcpd address 192.168.0.200-192.168.0.254 inside dhcpd enable inside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics host threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept ntp server 130.54.208.201 source public webvpn ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum client auto message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect ip-options inspect netbios inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect skinny inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect sunrpc inspect tftp inspect sip inspect xdmcp !

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• Transferring a Windows 8 license and proper un- and reinstallation

  - by Kiwi

  Long story short I have two computers: a laptop and a desktop computer. Both have Windows 7 on them. I buy the Windows 8 Pro upgrade. To see if it screws up anything, I install it on my laptop as a guinea pig. I intend to use Windows 8 for my main computer, my desktop, but I want to test it on the laptop, so I know I don’t risk losing access to my desktop and the data on it. I never use my laptop, and only used it, because it already has a Windows 7 installation on it. The problem At some point, I must have entered the license key on my laptop, because when I go to the activation screen on my desktop, I get this: Uh-oh. I can’t use the key on my desktop. Now how the hell do I transfer the key from my laptop to my desktop computer? Answers and suggestions so far Let’s just say that I tried everything possible to get some answers on this matter. The best response I got from Microsoft is this: To install Windows 8 on your desktop, do the following: Uninstall Windows 8 on your laptop Afterwards, install Windows 8 on your desktop If it won’t activate, call product activation at (...) I am not a fan of that last point. The error message does allude to such a solution, however: If you’ve reinstalled Windows or made changes to your hardware recently, you may be able to use your current key. The question My main question is this: has anyone been in a similar situation, and if so, what did you do to resolve this? Failing that, what is the proper way to uninstall the Windows 8 installation on my laptop, and reinstall the Windows 8 installation on my desktop? Ad 1 I have already tried using the “reset” feature on my laptop, but that only resulted in a new Windows 8 installation that was already activated. But which is the right way to uninstall the installation in a way that allows me to use the license key on the desktop computer? Ad 2 Which is the proper way to reinstall the Windows 8 installation on my desktop computer? Why do I even have to reinstall it in the first place? I won’t get around to do this, until my USB key with 3.0 support arrives in the mail, but it is going to be a while, until I find a assuaging response to the best way to go about this anyway.

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• Cross-language Extension Method Calling

  - by Tom Hines

  Extension methods are a concise way of binding functions to particular types. In my last post, I showed how Extension methods can be created in the .NET 2.0 environment. In this post, I discuss calling the extensions from other languages. Most of the differences I find between the Dot Net languages are mainly syntax.  The declaration of Extensions is no exception.  There is, however, a distinct difference with the framework accepting excensions made with C++ that differs from C# and VB.  When calling the C++ extension from C#, the compiler will SOMETIMES say there is no definition for DoCPP with the error: 'string' does not contain a definition for 'DoCPP' and no extension method 'DoCPP' accepting a first argument of type 'string' could be found (are you missing a using directive or an assembly reference?) If I recompile, the error goes away. The strangest problem with calling the C++ extension from C# is that I first must make SOME type of reference to the class BEFORE using the extension or it will not be recognized at all.  So, if I first call the DoCPP() as a static method, the extension works fine later.  If I make a dummy instantiation of the class, it works.  If I have no forward reference of the class, I get the same error as before and recompiling does not fix it.  It seems as if this none of this is supposed to work across the languages. I have made a few work-arounds to get the examples to compile and run. Note the following examples: Extension in C# using System; namespace Extension_CS {    public static class CExtension_CS    {  //in C#, the "this" keyword is the key.       public static void DoCS(this string str)       {          Console.WriteLine("CS\t{0:G}\tCS", str);       }    } } Extension in C++ /****************************************************************************\  * Here is the C++ implementation.  It is the least elegant and most quirky,  * but it works. \****************************************************************************/ #pragma once using namespace System; using namespace System::Runtime::CompilerServices;     //<-Essential // Reference: System.Core.dll //<- Essential namespace Extension_CPP {        public ref class CExtension_CPP        {        public:               [Extension] // or [ExtensionAttribute] /* either works */               static void DoCPP(String^ str)               {                      Console::WriteLine("C++\t{0:G}\tC++", str);               }        }; } Extension in VB ' Here is the VB implementation.  This is not as elegant as the C#, but it's ' functional. Imports System.Runtime.CompilerServices ' Public Module modExtension_VB 'Extension methods can be defined only in modules.    <Extension()> _       Public Sub DoVB(ByVal str As String)       Console.WriteLine("VB" & Chr(9) & "{0:G}" & Chr(9) & "VB", str)    End Sub End Module   Calling program in C# /******************************************************************************\  * Main calling program  * Intellisense and VS2008 complain about the CPP implementation, but with a  * little duct-tape, it works just fine. \******************************************************************************/ using System; using Extension_CPP; using Extension_CS; using Extension_VB; // vitual namespace namespace TestExtensions {    public static class CTestExtensions    {       /**********************************************************************\        * For some reason, this needs a direct reference into the C++ version        * even though it does nothing than add a null reference.        * The constructor provides the fake usage to please the compiler.       \**********************************************************************/       private static CExtension_CPP x = null;   // <-DUCT_TAPE!       static CTestExtensions()       {          // Fake usage to stop compiler from complaining          if (null != x) {} // <-DUCT_TAPE       }       static void Main(string[] args)       {          string strData = "from C#";          strData.DoCPP();          strData.DoCS();          strData.DoVB();       }    } }   Calling program in VB  Imports Extension_CPP Imports Extension_CS Imports Extension_VB Imports System.Runtime.CompilerServices Module TestExtensions_VB    <Extension()> _       Public Sub DoCPP(ByVal str As String)       'Framework does not treat this as an extension, so use the static       CExtension_CPP.DoCPP(str)    End Sub    Sub Main()       Dim strData As String = "from VB"       strData.DoCS()       strData.DoVB()       strData.DoCPP() 'fake    End Sub End Module  Calling program in C++ // TestExtensions_CPP.cpp : main project file. #include "stdafx.h" using namespace System; using namespace Extension_CPP; using namespace Extension_CS; using namespace Extension_VB; void main(void) {        /*******************************************************\         * Extension methods are called like static methods         * when called from C++.  There may be a difference in         * syntax when calling the VB extension as VB Extensions         * are embedded in Modules instead of classes        \*******************************************************/     String^ strData = "from C++";     CExtension_CPP::DoCPP(strData);     CExtension_CS::DoCS(strData);     modExtension_VB::DoVB(strData); //since Extensions go in Modules }

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• Custom Model Binding of IEnumerable Properties in ASP.Net MVC 2

  - by Doug Lampe

  MVC 2 provides a GREAT feature for dealing with enumerable types.  Let's say you have an object with a parent/child relationship and you want to allow users to modify multiple children at the same time.  You can simply use the following syntax for any indexed enumerables (arrays, generic lists, etc.) and then your values will bind to your enumerable model properties. 1: <% using (Html.BeginForm("TestModelParameter", "Home")) 2: { %> 3: < table > 4: < tr >< th >ID</th><th>Name</th><th>Description</th></tr> 5: <% for (int i = 0; i < Model.Items.Count; i++) 6: { %> 7: < tr > 8: < td > 9: <%= i %> 10: </ td > 11: < td > 12: <%= Html.TextBoxFor(m => m.Items[i].Name) %> 13: </ td > 14: < td > 15: <%= Model.Items[i].Description %> 16: </ td > 17: </ tr > 18: <% } %> 19: </ table > 20: < input type ="submit" /> 21: <% } %> Then just update your model either by passing it into your action method as a parameter or explicitly with UpdateModel/TryUpdateModel. 1: public ActionResult TestTryUpdate() 2: { 3: ContainerModel model = new ContainerModel(); 4: TryUpdateModel(model); 5:   6: return View("Test", model); 7: } 8:   9: public ActionResult TestModelParameter(ContainerModel model) 10: { 11: return View("Test", model); 12: } Simple right?  Well, not quite.  The problem is the DefaultModelBinder and how it sets properties.  In this case our model has a property that is a generic list (Items).  The first bad thing the model binder does is create a new instance of the list.  This can be fixed by making the property truly read-only by removing the set accessor.  However this won't help because this behaviour continues.  As the model binder iterates through the items to "set" their values, it creates new instances of them as well.  This means you lose any information not passed via the UI to your controller so in the examplel above the "Description" property would be blank for each item after the form posts. One solution for this is custom model binding.  I have put together a solution which allows you to retain the structure of your model.  Model binding is a somewhat advanced concept so you may need to do some additional research to really understand what is going on here, but the code is fairly simple.  First we will create a binder for the parent object which will retain the state of the parent as well as some information on which children have already been bound. 1: public class ContainerModelBinder : DefaultModelBinder 2: { 3: /// <summary> 4: /// Gets an instance of the model to be used to bind child objects. 5: /// </summary> 6: public ContainerModel Model { get; private set; } 7:   8: /// <summary> 9: /// Gets a list which will be used to track which items have been bound. 10: /// </summary> 11: public List<ItemModel> BoundItems { get; private set; } 12:   13: public ContainerModelBinder() 14: { 15: BoundItems = new List<ItemModel>(); 16: } 17:   18: protected override object CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType) 19: { 20: // Set the Model property so child binders can find children. 21: Model = base.CreateModel(controllerContext, bindingContext, modelType) as ContainerModel; 22:   23: return Model; 24: } 25: } Next we will create the child binder and have it point to the parent binder to get instances of the child objects.  Note that this only works if there is only one property of type ItemModel in the parent class since the property to find the item in the parent is hard coded. 1: public class ItemModelBinder : DefaultModelBinder 2: { 3: /// <summary> 4: /// Gets the parent binder so we can find objects in the parent's collection 5: /// </summary> 6: public ContainerModelBinder ParentBinder { get; private set; } 7: 8: public ItemModelBinder(ContainerModelBinder containerModelBinder) 9: { 10: ParentBinder = containerModelBinder; 11: } 12:   13: protected override object CreateModel(ControllerContext controllerContext, ModelBindingContext bindingContext, Type modelType) 14: { 15: // Find the item in the parent collection and add it to the bound items list. 16: ItemModel item = ParentBinder.Model.Items.FirstOrDefault(i => !ParentBinder.BoundItems.Contains(i)); 17: ParentBinder.BoundItems.Add(item); 18: 19: return item; 20: } 21: } Finally, we will register these binders in Global.asax.cs so they will be used to bind the classes. 1: protected void Application_Start() 2: { 3: AreaRegistration.RegisterAllAreas(); 4:   5: ContainerModelBinder containerModelBinder = new ContainerModelBinder(); 6: ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(ContainerModel), containerModelBinder); 7: ModelBinders.Binders.Add(typeof(ItemModel), new ItemModelBinder(containerModelBinder)); 8:   9: RegisterRoutes(RouteTable.Routes); 10: } I'm sure some of my fellow geeks will comment that this could be done more efficiently by simply rewriting some of the methods of the default model binder to get the same desired behavior.  I like my method shown here because it extends the binder class instead of modifying it so it minimizes the potential for unforseen problems. In a future post (if I ever get around to it) I will explore creating a generic version of these binders.

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• Override ToString() in your Classes

  - by psheriff

  One of the reasons I love teaching is because of the questions that I get from attendees. I was giving a presentation at DevConnections and was showing a collection of Product objects. When I hovered over the variable that contained the collection, it looked like Figure 2. As you can see in the collection, I have actual product names of my videos from www.pdsa.com/videos being displayed. To get your data to appear in the data tips you must override the ToString() method in your class. To illustrate this, take the following simple Product class shown below: public class Product{  public string ProductName { get; set; }  public int ProductId { get; set; }} This class does not have an override of the ToString() method so if you create a collection of Product objects you will end up with data tips that look like Figure 1. Below is the code I used to create a collection of Product objects. I have shortened the code in this blog, but you can get the full source code for this sample by following the instructions at the bottom of this blog entry. List<Product> coll = new List<Product>();Product prod; prod = new Product()  { ProductName = "From Zero to HTML 5 in 60 Minutes",     ProductId = 1 };coll.Add(prod);prod = new Product()   { ProductName = "Architecting Applications …",     ProductId = 2 };coll.Add(prod);prod = new Product()  { ProductName = "Introduction to Windows Phone Development",    ProductId = 3 };coll.Add(prod);prod = new Product()   { ProductName = "Architecting a Business  …",     ProductId = 4 };coll.Add(prod);......   Figure 1: Class without overriding ToString() Now, go back to the Product class and add an override of the ToString() method as shown in the code listed below: public class Product{  public string ProductName { get; set; }  public int ProductId { get; set; }   public override string ToString()  {    return ProductName;  }} In this simple sample, I am just returning the ProductName property. However, you can create a whole string of information if you wish to display more data in your data tips. Just concatenate any properties you want from your class and return that string. When you now run the application and hover over the collection object you will now see something that looks like Figure 2. Figure 2: Overriding ToString() in your Class Another place the ToString() override comes in handy is if you forget to use a DisplayMemberPath in your ListBox or ComboBox. The ToString() method is called automatically when a class is bound to a list control. Summary You should always override the ToString() method in your classes as this will help you when debugging your application. Seeing relevant data immediately in the data tip without having to drill down one more layer and maybe scroll through a complete list of properties should help speed up your development process. NOTE: You can download the sample code for this article by visiting my website at http://www.pdsa.com/downloads. Select “Tips & Tricks”, then select “Override ToString” from the drop down list.  

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• Slick2d/Nifty-gui input

  - by eerongal

  I'm trying to get input from slick2d into nifty gui. Ive searched online, and I've seen a few examples, but I can't seem to get it working right. i've tried the example on here but I can't seem to get everything working. I'm not entirely sure what I'm doing wrong. I've also looked at examples using the JMonkeyEngine to help point me in the right direction, but still having issues with input. I can get everything else working like i need. Here's the code for my element controller: package gui; import java.util.Properties; import de.lessvoid.nifty.Nifty; import de.lessvoid.nifty.controls.Controller; import de.lessvoid.nifty.elements.Element; import de.lessvoid.nifty.input.NiftyInputEvent; import de.lessvoid.nifty.screen.Screen; import de.lessvoid.xml.xpp3.Attributes; public class BaseElementController implements Controller { private Element element; public void bind(Nifty arg0, Screen arg1, Element arg2, Properties arg3, Attributes arg4) { this.element = element; } public void init(Properties arg0, Attributes arg1) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public boolean inputEvent(NiftyInputEvent arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return false; } public void onFocus(boolean arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void onStartScreen() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } public void test() { System.out.println("test"); } public void bam() { System.out.println("bam"); } } Here's my XML file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> <nifty> <useStyles filename="nifty-default-styles.xml"/> <useControls filename="nifty-default-controls.xml"/> <screen id="screen2" controller="gui.BaseScreenController"> <layer backgroundColor="#fff0" childLayout="absolute" id="layer4" controller="gui.BaseElementController"> <panel childLayout="center" height="30%" id="panel1" style="nifty-panel-simple" width="50%" x="282" y="334" controller="gui.BaseElementController"> <control id="checkbox1" name="checkbox"/> <control childLayout="center" id="button2" label="button2" name="button" x="381" y="224" visibleToMouse="true" controller="gui.BaseElementController"> <interact onClick="bam()"/> </control> </panel> <text text="${CALL.getPlayerName()}" style="nifty-label" width="100%" height="100%" x="0" y="10" /> </layer> </screen> </nifty> Here's how I'm trying to bind the controller: public void init(GameContainer gc) throws SlickException { Input input = gc.getInput(); inputSystem = new PlainSlickInputSystem(); inputSystem.setInput(input); gui = new Gui(); gui.init(gc, inputSystem, "gui/tset.xml", "screen2"); input.removeListener(this); input.removeListener(inputSystem); input.addListener(inputSystem); } Essentially, all that happens right now is the screen loads up and displays, and it grabs the variable correctly in the label, but none of the input seems to be getting forwarded to Nifty from slick. I assume there's something I'm missing, but I can't seem to figure out what that is. In so far as what I have tried, I attempted to define a custom input listener to pick up events and assign that to my game in order to pick up input, which did not work, so i dropped that implementation, at current i'm trying to take the default inputs and bind then with a PlainSlickInputSystem and assigning that to the input (as shown in the first example link). On code execution, all the code is hit, and i've put several system.out.println's to get ouput of what is happening (the code above has been cleaned for presentation), and i even see the elements getting bound to the controller, yet it doesn't pick up controller events. As far as EXACTLY what's wrong, that I don't know, because I've followed all implementations i can find of this, and none of them seem to do anything it's like the input is just getting thrown out. None of the objects from niftyGui appear to be recognizing any input. Here is the binding from my objects at run time: ******INITIALIZED SCREEN: de.lessvoid.nifty.screen.Screen@4a1ab1c1 ******INITIALIZED ELEMENT: button2 (de.lessvoid.nifty.elements.Element@1e8c1be9) ******INITIALIZED ELEMENT: focusable => true, width => 100px {nifty-button#panel}, backgroundImage => button/button.png {nifty-button#panel}, label => button2, paddingLeft => 7px {nifty-button#panel}, imageMode => sprite-resize:100,23,0,2,96,2,2,2,96,2,19,2,96,2,2 {nifty-button#panel}, paddingRight => 7px {nifty-button#panel}, id => button2, visibleToMouse => true, height => 23px {nifty-button#panel}, style => nifty-button, name => button, inputMapping => de.lessvoid.nifty.input.mapping.MenuInputMapping, childLayout => center, controller => gui.BaseElementController, y => 224, x => 381 ******INITIALIZED SCREEN: de.lessvoid.nifty.screen.Screen@4a1ab1c1 ******INITIALIZED ELEMENT: panel1 (de.lessvoid.nifty.elements.Element@373ec894) ******INITIALIZED ELEMENT: id => panel1, height => 30%, style => nifty-panel-simple, width => 50%, backgroundImage => panel/nifty-panel-simple.png {nifty-panel-simple}, controller => gui.BaseElementController, childLayout => center, padding => 5px {nifty-panel-simple}, imageMode => resize:9,2,9,9,9,2,9,2,9,2,9,9 {nifty-panel-simple}, y => 334, x => 282 ******INITIALIZED SCREEN: de.lessvoid.nifty.screen.Screen@4a1ab1c1 ******INITIALIZED ELEMENT: layer4 (de.lessvoid.nifty.elements.Element@6427d489) ******INITIALIZED ELEMENT: id => layer4, backgroundColor => #fff0, controller => gui.BaseElementController, childLayout => absolute the button2 object is getting bound to my BaseElementController, but i can't seem to get it into the defined "onClick" call.

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• Ignoring GET parameters in Varnish VCL

  - by JamesHarrison

  Okay: I've got a site set up which has some APIs we expose to developers, which are in the format /api/item.xml?type_ids=34,35,37&region_ids=1000002,1000003&key=SOMERANDOMALPHANUM In this URI, type_ids is always set, region_ids and key are optional. The important thing to note is that the key variable does not affect the content of the response. It is used for internal tracking of requests so we can identify people who make slow or otherwise unwanted requests. In Varnish, we have a VCL like this: if (req.http.host ~ "the-site-in-question.com") { if (req.url ~ "^/api/.+\.xml") { unset req.http.cookie; } } We just strip cookies out and let the backend do the rest as far as times are concerned (this is a hackaround since Rails/authlogic sends session cookies with API responses). At present though, any distinct developers are basically hitting different caches since &key=SOMEALPHANUM is considered as part of the Varnish hash for storage. This is obviously not a great solution and I'm trying to work out how to tell Varnish to ignore that part of the URI.

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• Enum driving a Visual State change via the ViewModel

  - by Chris Skardon

  Exciting title eh? So, here’s the problem, I want to use my ViewModel to drive my Visual State, I’ve used the ‘DataStateBehavior’ before, but the trouble with it is that it only works for bool values, and the minute you jump to more than 2 Visual States, you’re kind of screwed. A quick search has shown up a couple of points of interest, first, the DataStateSwitchBehavior, which is part of the Expression Samples (on Codeplex), and also available via Pete Blois’ blog. The second interest is to use a DataTrigger with GoToStateAction (from the Silverlight forums). So, onwards… first let’s create a basic switch Visual State, so, a DataObj with one property: IsAce… public class DataObj : NotifyPropertyChanger { private bool _isAce; public bool IsAce { get { return _isAce; } set { _isAce = value; RaisePropertyChanged("IsAce"); } } } The ‘NotifyPropertyChanger’ is literally a base class with RaisePropertyChanged, implementing INotifyPropertyChanged. OK, so we then create a ViewModel: public class MainPageViewModel : NotifyPropertyChanger { private DataObj _dataObj; public MainPageViewModel() { DataObj = new DataObj {IsAce = true}; ChangeAcenessCommand = new RelayCommand(() => DataObj.IsAce = !DataObj.IsAce); } public ICommand ChangeAcenessCommand { get; private set; } public DataObj DataObj { get { return _dataObj; } set { _dataObj = value; RaisePropertyChanged("DataObj"); } } } Aaaand finally – hook it all up to the XAML, which is a very simple UI: A Rectangle, a TextBlock and a Button. The Button is hooked up to ChangeAcenessCommand, the TextBlock is bound to the ‘DataObj.IsAce’ property and the Rectangle has 2 visual states: IsAce and NotAce. To make the Rectangle change it’s visual state I’ve used a DataStateBehavior inside the Layout Root Grid: <i:Interaction.Behaviors> <ei:DataStateBehavior Binding="{Binding DataObj.IsAce}" Value="true" TrueState="IsAce" FalseState="NotAce"/> </i:Interaction.Behaviors> So now we have the button changing the ‘IsAce’ property and giving us the other visual state: Great! So – the next stage is to get that to work inside a DataTemplate… Which (thankfully) is easy money. All we do is add a ListBox to the View and an ObservableCollection to the ViewModel. Well – ok, a little bit more than that. Once we’ve got the ListBox with it’s ItemsSource property set, it’s time to add the DataTemplate itself. Again, this isn’t exactly taxing, and is purely going to be a Grid with a Textblock and a Rectangle (again, I’m nothing if not consistent). Though, to be a little jazzy I’ve swapped the rectangle to the other side (living the dream). So, all that’s left is to add some States to the template.. (Yes – you can do that), these can be the same names as the others, or indeed, something else, I have chosen to stick with the same names and take the extra confusion hit right on the nose. Once again, I add the DataStateBehavior to the root Grid element: <i:Interaction.Behaviors> <ei:DataStateBehavior Binding="{Binding IsAce}" Value="true" TrueState="IsAce" FalseState="NotAce"/> </i:Interaction.Behaviors> The key difference here is the ‘Binding’ attribute, where I’m now binding to the IsAce property directly, and boom! It’s all gravy!   So far, so good. We can use boolean values to change the visual states, and (crucially) it works in a DataTemplate, bingo! Now. Onwards to the Enum part of this (finally!). Obviously we can’t use the DataStateBehavior, it' only gives us true/false options. So, let’s give the GoToStateAction a go. Now, I warn you, things get a bit complex from here, instead of a bool with 2 values, I’m gonna max it out and bring in an Enum with 3 (count ‘em) 3 values: Red, Amber and Green (those of you with exceptionally sharp minds will be reminded of traffic lights). We’re gonna have a rectangle which also has 3 visual states – cunningly called ‘Red’, ‘Amber’ and ‘Green’. A new class called DataObj2: public class DataObj2 : NotifyPropertyChanger { private Status _statusValue; public DataObj2(Status status) { StatusValue = status; } public Status StatusValue { get { return _statusValue; } set { _statusValue = value; RaisePropertyChanged("StatusValue"); } } } Where ‘Status’ is my enum. Good times are here! Ok, so let’s get to the beefy stuff. So, we’ll start off in the same manner as the last time, we will have a single DataObj2 instance available to the Page and bind to that. Let’s add some Triggers (these are in the LayoutRoot again). <i:Interaction.Triggers> <ei:DataTrigger Binding="{Binding DataObject2.StatusValue}" Value="Amber"> <ei:GoToStateAction StateName="Amber" UseTransitions="False" /> </ei:DataTrigger> <ei:DataTrigger Binding="{Binding DataObject2.StatusValue}" Value="Green"> <ei:GoToStateAction StateName="Green" UseTransitions="False" /> </ei:DataTrigger> <ei:DataTrigger Binding="{Binding DataObject2.StatusValue}" Value="Red"> <ei:GoToStateAction StateName="Red" UseTransitions="False" /> </ei:DataTrigger> </i:Interaction.Triggers> So what we’re saying here is that when the DataObject2.StatusValue is equal to ‘Red’ then we’ll go to the ‘Red’ state. Same deal for Green and Amber (but you knew that already). Hook it all up and start teh project. Hmm. Just grey. Not what I wanted. Ok, let’s add a ‘ChangeStatusCommand’, hook that up to a button and give it a whirl: Right, so the DataTrigger isn’t picking up the data on load. On the plus side, changing the status is making the visual states change. So. We’ll cross the ‘Grey’ hurdle in a bit, what about doing the same in the DataTemplate? <Codey Codey/> Grey again, but if we press the button: (I should mention, pressing the button sets the StatusValue property on the DataObj2 being represented to the next colour). Right. Let’s look at this ‘Grey’ issue. First ‘fix’ (and I use the term ‘fix’ in a very loose way): The Dispatcher Fix This involves using the Dispatcher on the View to call something like ‘RefreshProperties’ on the ViewModel, which will in turn raise all the appropriate ‘PropertyChanged’ events on the data objects being represented. So, here goes, into turdcode-ville – population – me: First, add the ‘RefreshProperties’ method to the DataObj2: internal void RefreshProperties() { RaisePropertyChanged("StatusValue"); } (shudder) Now, add it to the hosting ViewModel: public void RefreshProperties() { DataObject2.RefreshProperties(); if (DataObjects != null && DataObjects.Count > 0) { foreach (DataObj2 dataObject in DataObjects) dataObject.RefreshProperties(); } } (double shudder) and now for the cream on the cake, adding the following line to the code behind of the View: Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => ((MoreVisualStatesViewModel)DataContext).RefreshProperties()); So, what does this *ahem* code give us: Awesome, it makes the single bound data object show the colour, but frankly ignores the DataTemplate items. This (by the way) is the same output you get from: Dispatcher.BeginInvoke(() => ((MoreVisualStatesViewModel)DataContext).ChangeStatusCommand.Execute(null)); So… Where does that leave me? What about adding a button to the Page to refresh the properties – maybe it’s a timer thing? Yes, that works. Right, what about using the Loaded event then eh? Loaded += (s, e) => ((MoreVisualStatesViewModel) DataContext).RefreshProperties(); Ahhh No. What about converting the DataTemplate into a UserControl? Anything is worth a shot.. Though – I still suspect I’m going to have to ‘RefreshProperties’ if I want the rectangles to update. Still. No. This DataTemplate DataTrigger binding is becoming a bit of a pain… I can’t add a ‘refresh’ button to the actual code base, it’s not exactly user friendly. I’m going to end this one now, and put some investigating into the use of the DataStateSwitchBehavior (all the ones I’ve found, well, all 2 of them are working in SL3, but not 4…)

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• Posting to Facebook Page using C# SDK from "offline" app

  - by James Crowley

  If you want to post to a facebook page using the Facebook Graph API and the Facebook C# SDK, from an "offline" app, there's a few steps you should be aware of. First, you need to get an access token that your windows service or app can permanently use. You can get this by visiting the following url (all on one line), replacing [ApiKey] with your applications Facebook API key. http://www.facebook.com/login.php?api_key=[ApiKey]&connect_display=popup&v=1.0 &next=http://www.facebook.com/connect/login_success.html&cancel_url=http://www.facebook.com/connect/login_failure.html &fbconnect=true&return_session=true&req_perms=publish_stream,offline_access,manage_pages&return_session=1 &sdk=joey&session_version=3 In the parameters of the URL you get redirected to, this will give you an access key. Note however, that this only gives you an access key to post to your own profile page. Next, you need to get a separate access key to post to the specific page you want to access. To do this, go to https://graph.facebook.com/[YourUserId]/accounts?access_token=[AccessTokenFromAbove] You can find your user id in the URL when you click on your profile image. On this page, you will then see a list of page IDs and corresponding access tokens for each facebook page. Using the appropriate pair, you can then use code like this: var app = new Facebook.FacebookApp(_accessToken); var parameters = new Dictionary { { "message" , promotionInfo.TagLine }, { "name" , promotionInfo.Title }, { "description" , promotionInfo.Description }, { "picture", promotionInfo.ImageUrl.ToString() }, { "caption" , promotionInfo.TargetUrl.Host }, { "link" , promotionInfo.TargetUrl.ToString() }, { "type" , "link" }, }; app.Post(_targetId + "/feed", parameters); And you're done!

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• Best Easiest Fastest No Install USB Boot Disk in 4 Simple Steps :)

  - by PearlFactory

  USB Boot Disk When you look how to create USB Boot Disk on the web it is a nightmare   Here is the easiest I use that works for all MS prods At a computer running Windows Vista, Windows 7, or Windows Server 2008, run a command prompt as administrator and execute the following: Make Sure you have all explorer windows closed and nothing referencing the USB i.e a doc open in Word 1. C:\> diskpart DISKPART> list disk [Identify disk # of the USB key] DISKPART> sel disk 1 [assuming 1 was the # from above] DISKPART> clean [CAUTION—will wipe whichever disk is selected] DISKPART> cre part pri DISKPART> active DISKPART> assign DISKPART> format fs=ntfs quick DISKPART> exit C:\> exit 2. Copy the contents of the Windows Server 2008 R2 or any other MS OS  DVD/ISO to the USB key. 3. From the system tray, use the “Safely remove hardware” icon to safely remove the USB key from the computer. This helps ensure that all files have been fully written to the USB key. (Especially after the large file copy) 4. Restart,,,put usb in and Find reference from HP h20195.www2.hp.com/v2/GetPDF.aspx/4AA3-1317ENW.pdf

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• A Generic, IDisposable WCF Service Client

  - by Steve Wilkes

  WCF clients need to be cleaned up properly, but as they're usually auto-generated they don't implement IDisposable. I've been doing a fair bit of WCF work recently, so I wrote a generic WCF client wrapper which effectively gives me a disposable service client. The ServiceClientWrapper is constructed using a WebServiceConfig instance, which contains a Binding, an EndPointAddress, and whether the client should ignore SSL certificate errors - pretty useful during testing! The Binding can be created based on configuration data or entirely programmatically - that's not the client's concern. Here's the service client code: using System; using System.Net; using System.Net.Security; using System.ServiceModel; public class ServiceClientWrapper<TService, TChannel> : IDisposable     where TService : ClientBase<TChannel>     where TChannel : class {     private readonly WebServiceConfig _config;     private TService _serviceClient;     public ServiceClientWrapper(WebServiceConfig config)     {         this._config = config;     }     public TService CreateServiceClient()     {         this.DisposeExistingServiceClientIfRequired();         if (this._config.IgnoreSslErrors)         {             ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =                 (obj, certificate, chain, errors) => true;         }         else         {             ServicePointManager.ServerCertificateValidationCallback =                 (obj, certificate, chain, errors) => errors == SslPolicyErrors.None;         }         this._serviceClient = (TService)Activator.CreateInstance(             typeof(TService),             this._config.Binding,             this._config.Endpoint);         if (this._config.ClientCertificate != null)         {             this._serviceClient.ClientCredentials.ClientCertificate.Certificate =                 this._config.ClientCertificate;         }         return this._serviceClient;     }     public void Dispose()     {         this.DisposeExistingServiceClientIfRequired();     }     private void DisposeExistingServiceClientIfRequired()     {         if (this._serviceClient != null)         {             try             {                 if (this._serviceClient.State == CommunicationState.Faulted)                 {                     this._serviceClient.Abort();                 }                 else                 {                     this._serviceClient.Close();                 }             }             catch             {                 this._serviceClient.Abort();             }             this._serviceClient = null;         }     } } A client for a particular service can then be created something like this: public class ManagementServiceClientWrapper :     ServiceClientWrapper<ManagementServiceClient, IManagementService> {     public ManagementServiceClientWrapper(WebServiceConfig config)         : base(config)     {     } } ...where ManagementServiceClient is the auto-generated client class, and the IManagementService is the auto-generated WCF channel class - and used like this: using(var serviceClientWrapper = new ManagementServiceClientWrapper(config)) {     serviceClientWrapper.CreateServiceClient().CallService(); } The underlying WCF client created by the CreateServiceClient() will be disposed after the using, and hey presto - a disposable WCF service client.

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• How can I make a game like doodlejump XNA c#

  - by Ramy

  I wanted to know how can I make the background scroll down like doodlejump. I have a game made and I have to transform it so it's like doodle jump, but I'm wonder how or where to look so I can make he background keep moving as in progressing through the background till let's say the character dies. namespace IFM20884 { using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Content; using Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Graphics; public abstract class BackgroundScroll : Sprite { private float speedOfBackground = 0.2f; // speed that the background moves public BackgroundScroll (GraphicsDeviceManager graphics) : base(graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Width / 2f, graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height / 2f) { } //Getter public float speedOfBackground { get { return this.speedOfBackground ; } set { this.speedOfBackground = value; } } public override void Update(GameTime gameTime, GraphicsDeviceManager graphics) { //Makes background go down. ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y + (gameTime.ElapsedGameTime.Milliseconds * this.speedOfBackground )); if (Position.Y - (Height / 2) > graphics.GraphicsDevice.Viewport.Height) { ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y - this.Height); } } public override void Draw(SpriteBatch spriteBatch) { ForcePosition(Position.X, Position.Y - this.Height); base.Draw(spriteBatch); ForcerPosition(Position.X, Position.Y + this.Height); base.Draw(spriteBatch); } } }

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• How accurate is "Business logic should be in a service, not in a model"?

  - by Jeroen Vannevel

  Situation Earlier this evening I gave an answer to a question on StackOverflow. The question: Editing of an existing object should be done in repository layer or in service? For example if I have a User that has debt. I want to change his debt. Should I do it in UserRepository or in service for example BuyingService by getting an object, editing it and saving it ? My answer: You should leave the responsibility of mutating an object to that same object and use the repository to retrieve this object. Example situation: class User { private int debt; // debt in cents private string name; // getters public void makePayment(int cents){ debt -= cents; } } class UserRepository { public User GetUserByName(string name){ // Get appropriate user from database } } A comment I received: Business logic should really be in a service. Not in a model. What does the internet say? So, this got me searching since I've never really (consciously) used a service layer. I started reading up on the Service Layer pattern and the Unit Of Work pattern but so far I can't say I'm convinced a service layer has to be used. Take for example this article by Martin Fowler on the anti-pattern of an Anemic Domain Model: There are objects, many named after the nouns in the domain space, and these objects are connected with the rich relationships and structure that true domain models have. The catch comes when you look at the behavior, and you realize that there is hardly any behavior on these objects, making them little more than bags of getters and setters. Indeed often these models come with design rules that say that you are not to put any domain logic in the the domain objects. Instead there are a set of service objects which capture all the domain logic. These services live on top of the domain model and use the domain model for data. (...) The logic that should be in a domain object is domain logic - validations, calculations, business rules - whatever you like to call it. To me, this seemed exactly what the situation was about: I advocated the manipulation of an object's data by introducing methods inside that class that do just that. However I realize that this should be a given either way, and it probably has more to do with how these methods are invoked (using a repository). I also had the feeling that in that article (see below), a Service Layer is more considered as a façade that delegates work to the underlying model, than an actual work-intensive layer. Application Layer [his name for Service Layer]: Defines the jobs the software is supposed to do and directs the expressive domain objects to work out problems. The tasks this layer is responsible for are meaningful to the business or necessary for interaction with the application layers of other systems. This layer is kept thin. It does not contain business rules or knowledge, but only coordinates tasks and delegates work to collaborations of domain objects in the next layer down. It does not have state reflecting the business situation, but it can have state that reflects the progress of a task for the user or the program. Which is reinforced here: Service interfaces. Services expose a service interface to which all inbound messages are sent. You can think of a service interface as a façade that exposes the business logic implemented in the application (typically, logic in the business layer) to potential consumers. And here: The service layer should be devoid of any application or business logic and should focus primarily on a few concerns. It should wrap Business Layer calls, translate your Domain in a common language that your clients can understand, and handle the communication medium between server and requesting client. This is a serious contrast to other resources that talk about the Service Layer: The service layer should consist of classes with methods that are units of work with actions that belong in the same transaction. Or the second answer to a question I've already linked: At some point, your application will want some business logic. Also, you might want to validate the input to make sure that there isn't something evil or nonperforming being requested. This logic belongs in your service layer. "Solution"? Following the guidelines in this answer, I came up with the following approach that uses a Service Layer: class UserController : Controller { private UserService _userService; public UserController(UserService userService){ _userService = userService; } public ActionResult MakeHimPay(string username, int amount) { _userService.MakeHimPay(username, amount); return RedirectToAction("ShowUserOverview"); } public ActionResult ShowUserOverview() { return View(); } } class UserService { private IUserRepository _userRepository; public UserService(IUserRepository userRepository) { _userRepository = userRepository; } public void MakeHimPay(username, amount) { _userRepository.GetUserByName(username).makePayment(amount); } } class UserRepository { public User GetUserByName(string name){ // Get appropriate user from database } } class User { private int debt; // debt in cents private string name; // getters public void makePayment(int cents){ debt -= cents; } } Conclusion All together not much has changed here: code from the controller has moved to the service layer (which is a good thing, so there is an upside to this approach). However this doesn't look like it had anything to do with my original answer. I realize design patterns are guidelines, not rules set in stone to be implemented whenever possible. Yet I have not found a definitive explanation of the service layer and how it should be regarded. Is it a means to simply extract logic from the controller and put it inside a service instead? Is it supposed to form a contract between the controller and the domain? Should there be a layer between the domain and the service layer? And, last but not least: following the original comment Business logic should really be in a service. Not in a model. Is this correct? How would I introduce my business logic in a service instead of the model?

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• How to create contracts in python

  - by recluze

  I am just moving to python from Java and have a question about the way the two do things. My question relates to contracts. An example: an application defines an interface that all plugins must implement and then the main application can call it. In Java: public interface IPlugin { public Image modify(Image img); } public class MainApp { public main_app_logic() { String pluginName = "com.example.myplugin"; IPlugin x = (IPlugin) Class.forName(pluginName); x.modify(someimg); } } The plugin implements the interface and we use reflection in main app to call it. That way, there's a contract between the main app and the plugin that both can refer to. How does one go about doing something similar in Python? And also, which approach is better? p.s. I'm not posting this on SO because I'm much more concerned with the philosophy behind the two approaches.

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• Mac OSX and root login enabled

  - by reza

  All I am running OSX 10.6.8 I have enabled root login through Directory Utility. I have assigned a password. I get an error when I try to ssh root@localhost. ssh -v root@localhost OpenSSH_5.2p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/config debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Connecting to localhost [127.0.0.1] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/identity type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/id_dsa type 2 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.2 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.2 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host 'localhost' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/known_hosts:47 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering public key: /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Trying private key: /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /Users/rrazavipour-lp/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive Password: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: No more authentication methods to try. Permission denied (publickey,keyboard-interactive). What I am doing wrong? I know I have the password correct.

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• Trying to login to openssh, permission denied

  - by noah sisk

  I have been trying to login to ssh on a ubuntu 11.04 server as root with the AllowRootLogin thing set to yes but i have been getting a "Permision denied" Heres a copy of my attempt with ssh -v: Last login: Fri Jun 8 21:07:20 on ttys000 noah-sisks-macbook-pro:~ phreshness$ ssh -v [email protected] -p 22 OpenSSH_5.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8r 8 Feb 2011 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh_config debug1: Applying options for * debug1: Connecting to 192.168.1.133 [192.168.1.133] port 22. debug1: Connection established. debug1: identity file /Users/phreshness/.ssh/id_rsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/phreshness/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/phreshness/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /Users/phreshness/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 debug1: match: OpenSSH_5.9p1 Debian-5ubuntu1 pat OpenSSH* debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_5.6 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-md5 none debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REQUEST(1024<1024<8192) sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_GROUP debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_INIT sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_DH_GEX_REPLY debug1: Host '192.168.1.133' is known and matches the RSA host key. debug1: Found key in /Users/phreshness/.ssh/known_hosts:6 debug1: ssh_rsa_verify: signature correct debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/phreshness/.ssh/id_rsa debug1: Trying private key: /Users/phreshness/.ssh/id_dsa debug1: Next authentication method: password [email protected]'s password: debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,password Permission denied, please try again. [email protected]'s password:

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• Templated Razor Delegates – Phil Haack

  - by nmarun

  This post is largely based off of Phil Haack’s article titled Templated Razor Delegates. I strongly recommend reading this article first. Here’s a sample code for the same, so you can have a look at. I also have a custom type being rendered as a table. 1: // my custom type 2: public class Device 3: { 4: public int Id { get; set; } 5: public string Name { get; set; } 6: public DateTime MfgDate { get; set; } 7: } Now I can write an extension method just for this type. 1: public static class RazorExtensions 2: { 3: public static HelperResult List(this IList<Models.Device> devices, Func<Models.Device, HelperResult> template) 4: { 5: return new HelperResult(writer => 6: { 7: foreach (var device in devices) 8: { 9: template(device).WriteTo(writer); 10: } 11: }); 12: } 13: // ... 14: } Modified my view to make it a strongly typed one and included html to render my custom type collection in a table. 1: @using TemplatedRazorDelegates 2: @model System.Collections.Generic.IList<TemplatedRazorDelegates.Models.Device> 3:  4: @{ 5: ViewBag.Title = "Home Page"; 6: } 7:  8: <h2>@ViewBag.Message</h2> 9:  10: @{ 11: var items = new[] { "one", "two", "three" }; 12: IList<int> ints = new List<int> { 1, 2, 3 }; 13: } 14:  15: <ul> 16: @items.List(@<li>@item</li>) 17: </ul> 18: <ul> 19: @ints.List(@<li>@item</li>) 20: </ul> 21:  22: <table> 23: <tr><th>Id</th><th>Name</th><th>Mfg Date</th></tr> 24: @Model.List(@<tr><td>@item.Id</td><td>@item.Name</td><td>@item.MfgDate.ToShortDateString()</td></tr>) 25: </table> We get intellisense as well! Just added some items in the action method of the controller: 1: public ActionResult Index() 2: { 3: ViewBag.Message = "Welcome to ASP.NET MVC!"; 4: IList<Device> devices = new List<Device> 5: { 6: new Device {Id = 1, Name = "abc", MfgDate = new DateTime(2001, 10, 19)}, 7: new Device {Id = 2, Name = "def", MfgDate = new DateTime(2011, 1, 1)}, 8: new Device {Id = 3, Name = "ghi", MfgDate = new DateTime(2003, 3, 15)}, 9: new Device {Id = 4, Name = "jkl", MfgDate = new DateTime(2007, 6, 6)} 10: }; 11: return View(devices); 12: } Running this I get the output as: Absolutely brilliant! Thanks to both Phil Haack and to David Fowler for bringing this out to us. Download the code for this from here. Verdict: RazorViewEngine.Points += 1;

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• Equivalent of Windows 7 Winkey+Left / Winkey+Right for Window Tiling in OSX

  - by Koobz

  Windows 7 has a neat feature where the Windows Key in conjunction with the arrow keys tiles the active window. Windows key + left arrow moves it to the left half, windows key + right arrow moves your window to the right half of your monitor. Is there an equivalent to this functionality in OS X? Can anyone suggest some alternative metaphors by which to manage my windows? I find that OSX windows tend to be a bit more scatterbrained than their windows counterparts.

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• Adding and accessing custom sections in your C# App.config

  - by deadlydog

  So I recently thought I’d try using the app.config file to specify some data for my application (such as URLs) rather than hard-coding it into my app, which would require a recompile and redeploy of my app if one of our URLs changed.  By using the app.config it allows a user to just open up the .config file that sits beside their .exe file and edit the URLs right there and then re-run the app; no recompiling, no redeployment necessary. I spent a good few hours fighting with the app.config and looking at examples on Google before I was able to get things to work properly.  Most of the examples I found showed you how to pull a value from the app.config if you knew the specific key of the element you wanted to retrieve, but it took me a while to find a way to simply loop through all elements in a section, so I thought I would share my solutions here.   Simple and Easy The easiest way to use the app.config is to use the built-in types, such as NameValueSectionHandler.  For example, if we just wanted to add a list of database server urls to use in my app, we could do this in the app.config file like so: 1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2: <configuration> 3: <configSections> 4: <section name="ConnectionManagerDatabaseServers" type="System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler" /> 5: </configSections> 6: <startup> 7: <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" /> 8: </startup> 9: <ConnectionManagerDatabaseServers> 10: <add key="localhost" value="localhost" /> 11: <add key="Dev" value="Dev.MyDomain.local" /> 12: <add key="Test" value="Test.MyDomain.local" /> 13: <add key="Live" value="Prod.MyDomain.com" /> 14: </ConnectionManagerDatabaseServers> 15: </configuration>   And then you can access these values in code like so: 1: string devUrl = string.Empty; 2: var connectionManagerDatabaseServers = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("ConnectionManagerDatabaseServers") as NameValueCollection; 3: if (connectionManagerDatabaseServers != null) 4: { 5: devUrl = connectionManagerDatabaseServers["Dev"].ToString(); 6: }   Sometimes though you don’t know what the keys are going to be and you just want to grab all of the values in that ConnectionManagerDatabaseServers section.  In that case you can get them all like this: 1: // Grab the Environments listed in the App.config and add them to our list. 2: var connectionManagerDatabaseServers = ConfigurationManager.GetSection("ConnectionManagerDatabaseServers") as NameValueCollection; 3: if (connectionManagerDatabaseServers != null) 4: { 5: foreach (var serverKey in connectionManagerDatabaseServers.AllKeys) 6: { 7: string serverValue = connectionManagerDatabaseServers.GetValues(serverKey).FirstOrDefault(); 8: AddDatabaseServer(serverValue); 9: } 10: }   And here we just assume that the AddDatabaseServer() function adds the given string to some list of strings.  So this works great, but what about when we want to bring in more values than just a single string (or technically you could use this to bring in 2 strings, where the “key” could be the other string you want to store; for example, we could have stored the value of the Key as the user-friendly name of the url).   More Advanced (and more complicated) So if you want to bring in more information than a string or two per object in the section, then you can no longer simply use the built-in System.Configuration.NameValueSectionHandler type provided for us.  Instead you have to build your own types.  Here let’s assume that we again want to configure a set of addresses (i.e. urls), but we want to specify some extra info with them, such as the user-friendly name, if they require SSL or not, and a list of security groups that are allowed to save changes made to these endpoints. So let’s start by looking at the app.config: 1: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?> 2: <configuration> 3: <configSections> 4: <section name="ConnectionManagerDataSection" type="ConnectionManagerUpdater.Data.Configuration.ConnectionManagerDataSection, ConnectionManagerUpdater" /> 5: </configSections> 6: <startup> 7: <supportedRuntime version="v4.0" sku=".NETFramework,Version=v4.5" /> 8: </startup> 9: <ConnectionManagerDataSection> 10: <ConnectionManagerEndpoints> 11: <add name="Development" address="Dev.MyDomain.local" useSSL="false" /> 12: <add name="Test" address="Test.MyDomain.local" useSSL="true" /> 13: <add name="Live" address="Prod.MyDomain.com" useSSL="true" securityGroupsAllowedToSaveChanges="ConnectionManagerUsers" /> 14: </ConnectionManagerEndpoints> 15: </ConnectionManagerDataSection> 16: </configuration>   The first thing to notice here is that my section is now using the type “ConnectionManagerUpdater.Data.Configuration.ConnectionManagerDataSection” (the fully qualified path to my new class I created) “, ConnectionManagerUpdater” (the name of the assembly my new class is in).  Next, you will also notice an extra layer down in the <ConnectionManagerDataSection> which is the <ConnectionManagerEndpoints> element.  This is a new collection class that I created to hold each of the Endpoint entries that are defined.  Let’s look at that code now: 1: using System; 2: using System.Collections.Generic; 3: using System.Configuration; 4: using System.Linq; 5: using System.Text; 6: using System.Threading.Tasks; 7:  8: namespace ConnectionManagerUpdater.Data.Configuration 9: { 10: public class ConnectionManagerDataSection : ConfigurationSection 11: { 12: /// <summary> 13: /// The name of this section in the app.config. 14: /// </summary> 15: public const string SectionName = "ConnectionManagerDataSection"; 16: 17: private const string EndpointCollectionName = "ConnectionManagerEndpoints"; 18:  19: [ConfigurationProperty(EndpointCollectionName)] 20: [ConfigurationCollection(typeof(ConnectionManagerEndpointsCollection), AddItemName = "add")] 21: public ConnectionManagerEndpointsCollection ConnectionManagerEndpoints { get { return (ConnectionManagerEndpointsCollection)base[EndpointCollectionName]; } } 22: } 23:  24: public class ConnectionManagerEndpointsCollection : ConfigurationElementCollection 25: { 26: protected override ConfigurationElement CreateNewElement() 27: { 28: return new ConnectionManagerEndpointElement(); 29: } 30: 31: protected override object GetElementKey(ConfigurationElement element) 32: { 33: return ((ConnectionManagerEndpointElement)element).Name; 34: } 35: } 36: 37: public class ConnectionManagerEndpointElement : ConfigurationElement 38: { 39: [ConfigurationProperty("name", IsRequired = true)] 40: public string Name 41: { 42: get { return (string)this["name"]; } 43: set { this["name"] = value; } 44: } 45: 46: [ConfigurationProperty("address", IsRequired = true)] 47: public string Address 48: { 49: get { return (string)this["address"]; } 50: set { this["address"] = value; } 51: } 52: 53: [ConfigurationProperty("useSSL", IsRequired = false, DefaultValue = false)] 54: public bool UseSSL 55: { 56: get { return (bool)this["useSSL"]; } 57: set { this["useSSL"] = value; } 58: } 59: 60: [ConfigurationProperty("securityGroupsAllowedToSaveChanges", IsRequired = false)] 61: public string SecurityGroupsAllowedToSaveChanges 62: { 63: get { return (string)this["securityGroupsAllowedToSaveChanges"]; } 64: set { this["securityGroupsAllowedToSaveChanges"] = value; } 65: } 66: } 67: }   So here the first class we declare is the one that appears in the <configSections> element of the app.config.  It is ConnectionManagerDataSection and it inherits from the necessary System.Configuration.ConfigurationSection class.  This class just has one property (other than the expected section name), that basically just says I have a Collection property, which is actually a ConnectionManagerEndpointsCollection, which is the next class defined.  The ConnectionManagerEndpointsCollection class inherits from ConfigurationElementCollection and overrides the requied fields.  The first tells it what type of Element to create when adding a new one (in our case a ConnectionManagerEndpointElement), and a function specifying what property on our ConnectionManagerEndpointElement class is the unique key, which I’ve specified to be the Name field. The last class defined is the actual meat of our elements.  It inherits from ConfigurationElement and specifies the properties of the element (which can then be set in the xml of the App.config).  The “ConfigurationProperty” attribute on each of the properties tells what we expect the name of the property to correspond to in each element in the app.config, as well as some additional information such as if that property is required and what it’s default value should be. Finally, the code to actually access these values would look like this: 1: // Grab the Environments listed in the App.config and add them to our list. 2: var connectionManagerDataSection = ConfigurationManager.GetSection(ConnectionManagerDataSection.SectionName) as ConnectionManagerDataSection; 3: if (connectionManagerDataSection != null) 4: { 5: foreach (ConnectionManagerEndpointElement endpointElement in connectionManagerDataSection.ConnectionManagerEndpoints) 6: { 7: var endpoint = new ConnectionManagerEndpoint() { Name = endpointElement.Name, ServerInfo = new ConnectionManagerServerInfo() { Address = endpointElement.Address, UseSSL = endpointElement.UseSSL, SecurityGroupsAllowedToSaveChanges = endpointElement.SecurityGroupsAllowedToSaveChanges.Split(',').Where(e => !string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(e)).ToList() } }; 8: AddEndpoint(endpoint); 9: } 10: } This looks very similar to what we had before in the “simple” example.  The main points of interest are that we cast the section as ConnectionManagerDataSection (which is the class we defined for our section) and then iterate over the endpoints collection using the ConnectionManagerEndpoints property we created in the ConnectionManagerDataSection class.   Also, some other helpful resources around using app.config that I found (and for parts that I didn’t really explain in this article) are: How do you use sections in C# 4.0 app.config? (Stack Overflow) <== Shows how to use Section Groups as well, which is something that I did not cover here, but might be of interest to you. How to: Create Custom Configuration Sections Using Configuration Section (MSDN) ConfigurationSection Class (MSDN) ConfigurationCollectionAttribute Class (MSDN) ConfigurationElementCollection Class (MSDN)   I hope you find this helpful.  Feel free to leave a comment.  Happy Coding!

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• Hierarchy flattening of interfaces in WCF

  - by nmarun

  Alright, so say I have my service contract interface as below: 1: [ServiceContract] 2: public interface ILearnWcfService 3: { 4: [OperationContract(Name = "AddInt")] 5: int Add(int arg1, int arg2); 6: } Say I decided to add another interface with a similar add “feature”. 1: [ServiceContract] 2: public interface ILearnWcfServiceExtend : ILearnWcfService 3: { 4: [OperationContract(Name = "AddDouble")] 5: double Add(double arg1, double arg2); 6: } My class implementing the ILearnWcfServiceExtend ends up as: 1: public class LearnWcfService : ILearnWcfServiceExtend 2: { 3: public int Add(int arg1, int arg2) 4: { 5: return arg1 + arg2; 6: } 7:  8: public double Add(double arg1, double arg2) 9: { 10: return arg1 + arg2; 11: } 12: } Now when I consume this service and look at the proxy that gets generated, here’s what I see: 1: public interface ILearnWcfServiceExtend 2: { 3: [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfService/AddInt", ReplyAction="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfService/AddIntResponse")] 4: int AddInt(int arg1, int arg2); 5: 6: [System.ServiceModel.OperationContractAttribute(Action="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfServiceExtend/AddDouble", ReplyAction="http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfServiceExtend/AddDoubleResponse")] 7: double AddDouble(double arg1, double arg2); 8: } Only the ILearnWcfServiceExtend gets ‘listed’ in the proxy class and not the (base interface) ILearnWcfService interface. But then to uniquely identify the operations that the service exposes, the Action and ReplyAction properties are set. So in the above example, the AddInt operation has the Action property set to ‘http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfService/AddInt’ and the AddDouble operation has the Action property of ‘http://tempuri.org/ILearnWcfServiceExtend/AddDouble’. Similarly the ReplyAction properties are set corresponding to the namespace that they’re declared in. The ‘http://tempuri.org’ is chosen as the default namespace, since the Namespace property on the ServiceContract is not defined. The other thing is the service contract itself – the Add() method. You’ll see that in both interfaces, the method names are the same. As you might know, this is not allowed in WSDL-based environments, even though the arguments are of different types. This is allowed only if the Name attribute of the ServiceContract is set (as done above). This causes a change in the name of the service contract itself in the proxy class. See that their names are changed to AddInt / AddDouble respectively. Lesson learned: The interface hierarchy gets ‘flattened’ when the WCF service proxy class gets generated.

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• How to deal with colleagues refuse to follow practices?

  - by Adrian Shum

  I was discussing with another colleague about what we should be used when an DB entity is referring to another. I don't think there is any good reason to break the practice of putting the Primary Key in the referring entity. However, one of my colleague says: "You should use a surrogate key in the entity, but it is better to put the human-readable natural key in the referring entity. As long it is unique, it is fine and it is easier when you are doing support or maintenance job" I know it will works, but obviously it is not a good practice you are putting a non-PK unique column as "foreign key", just for gaining a bit of ease in writing SQL during support as we can have less table join. Though I mentioned the his approach is conceptual incorrect, and causing problem too practically etc, he seems rather trade off correctness in data model in exchange of ease of maintenance. And he said: "I know it is not good practice, but good practice is not golden rule" Honestly I feel frustrated when dealing with something like this. I know there are always case that we should break some rule or practice, but doubtless it is not such case now. What will you when you are facing situation like this? Please assume yourself being a senior developer which is expected to contribute in misc development direction and convention.

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• const vs. readonly for a singleton

  - by GlenH7

  First off, I understand there are folk who oppose the use of singletons. I think it's an appropriate use in this case as it's constant state information, but I'm open to differing opinions / solutions. (See The singleton pattern and When should the singleton pattern not be used?) Second, for a broader audience: C++/CLI has a similar keyword to readonly with initonly, so this isn't strictly a C# type question. (Literal field versus constant variable in C++/CLI) Sidenote: A discussion of some of the nuances on using const or readonly. My Question: I have a singleton that anchors together some different data structures. Part of what I expose through that singleton are some lists and other objects, which represent the necessary keys or columns in order to connect the linked data structures. I doubt that anyone would try to change these objects through a different module, but I want to explicitly protect them from that risk. So I'm currently using a "readonly" modifier on those objects*. I'm using readonly instead of const with the lists as I read that using const will embed those items in the referencing assemblies and will therefore trigger a rebuild of those referencing assemblies if / when the list(s) is/are modified. This seems like a tighter coupling than I would want between the modules, but I wonder if I'm obsessing over a moot point. (This is question #2 below) The alternative I see to using "readonly" is to make the variables private and then wrap them with a public get. I'm struggling to see the advantage of this approach as it seems like wrapper code that doesn't provide much additional benefit. (This is question #1 below) It's highly unlikely that we'll change the contents or format of the lists - they're a compilation of things to avoid using magic strings all over the place. Unfortunately, not all the code has converted over to using this singleton's presentation of those strings. Likewise, I don't know that we'd change the containers / classes for the lists. So while I normally argue for the encapsulations advantages a get wrapper provides, I'm just not feeling it in this case. A representative sample of my singleton public sealed class mySingl { private static volatile mySingl sngl; private static object lockObject = new Object(); public readonly Dictionary<string, string> myDict = new Dictionary<string, string>() { {"I", "index"}, {"D", "display"}, }; public enum parms { ABC = 10, DEF = 20, FGH = 30 }; public readonly List<parms> specParms = new List<parms>() { parms.ABC, parms.FGH }; public static mySingl Instance { get { if(sngl == null) { lock(lockObject) { if(sngl == null) sngl = new mySingl(); } } return sngl; } } private mySingl() { doSomething(); } } Questions: Am I taking the most reasonable approach in this case? Should I be worrying about const vs. readonly? is there a better way of providing this information?

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• get ubuntu terminal to send an escape sequence (control+shift+up)

  - by user62046

  This problem starts when I use emacs ( with -nw option). Let me first explain it. I tried to define hotkey (for emacs) as following (global-set-key [(control shift up)] 'other-window) but it doesn't work (no error, just doesn't work), neither does (global-set-key [(control shift down)] 'other-window) But (global-set-key [(control shift right)] 'other-window) and (global-set-key [(control shift left)] 'other-window) work! But because the last two key combinations are used by emacs (as default), I don't wanna change them for other functions. So how could I make control-shift-up and control-shift-down work? I have googled "(control shift up)", it seems that control-shift-up is used by other people, (but not very few results). In the Stack Overflow forum, Gille answered me as following: Ctrl+Shift+Up does send a signal to your computer, but your terminal emulator is apparently not transmitting any escape sequence for it. So your problem is in two parts. First you must get your terminal emulator to send an escape sequence, which depends on your terminal emulator, and is Super User material, or Unix.SE if you're using a unix system. Then you need to declare the escape sequence in Emacs, and my answer explains that part So I come here for this question: How do I get my terminal (I use ubuntu 10.04, and the built-in terminal) to send an escape sequence for Control+Shift+Up Control+Shift+down

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• C# Simple Twitter Update

  - by mroberts

  For what it's worth a simple twitter update. 1: using System; 2: using System.IO; 3: using System.Net; 4: using System.Text; 5:   6: namespace Server.Actions 7: { 8: public class TwitterUpdate 9: { 10: public string Body { get; set; } 11: public string Login { get; set; } 12: public string Password { get; set; } 13:   14: public override void Execute() 15: { 16: try 17: { 18: //encode user name and password 19: string creds = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes(string.Format("{0}:{1}", this.Login, this.Password))); 20:   21: //encode tweet 22: byte[] tweet = Encoding.ASCII.GetBytes("status=" + this.Body); 23:   24: //setup request 25: HttpWebRequest request = (HttpWebRequest)WebRequest.Create("http://twitter.com/statuses/update.xml"); 26: request.Method = "POST"; 27: request.ServicePoint.Expect100Continue = false; 28: request.Headers.Add("Authorization", string.Format("Basic {0}", creds)); 29: request.ContentType = "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"; 30: request.ContentLength = tweet.Length; 31:   32: //write to stream 33: Stream reqStream = request.GetRequestStream(); 34: reqStream.Write(tweet, 0, tweet.Length); 35: reqStream.Close(); 36:   37: //check response 38: HttpWebResponse response = (HttpWebResponse)request.GetResponse(); 39:   40: //... 41: } 42: catch (Exception e) 43: { 44: //... 45: } 46: } 47: } 48: }   BTW, this is my first blog post.  Nothing earth shattering, I admit, but I needed to figure out how to post formatted code.  In the past I’ve used Alex Gorbatchev’s Syntax Highlighter with great success, but here at GWB I couldn’t get it to work. Windows Live Writer though, being a stand alone writer, worked with no problems.  For now, that’s what I’ll use.

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• How to build a Singleton-like dependency injector replacement (Php)

  - by Erparom

  I know out there are a lot of excelent containers, even frameworks almost entirely DI based with good strong IoC classes. However, this doesn't help me to "define" a new pattern. (This is Php code but understandable to anyone) Supose we have: //Declares the singleton class bookSingleton { private $author; private static $bookInstance; private static $isLoaned = FALSE; //The private constructor private function __constructor() { $this->author = "Onecrappy Writer Ofcheap Novels"; } //Sets the global isLoaned state and also gets self instance public static function loanBook() { if (self::$isLoaned === FALSE) { //Book already taken, so return false return FALSE; } else { //Ok, not loaned, lets instantiate (if needed and loan) if (!isset(self::$bookInstance)) { self::$bookInstance = new BookSingleton(); } self::$isLoaned = TRUE; } } //Return loaned state to false, so another book reader can take the book public function returnBook() { $self::$isLoaned = FALSE; } public function getAuthor() { return $this->author; } } Then we get the singelton consumtion class: //Consumes the Singleton class BookBorrower() { private $borrowedBook; private $haveBookState; public function __construct() { this->haveBookState = FALSE; } //Use the singelton-pattern behavior public function borrowBook() { $this->borrowedBook = BookSingleton::loanBook(); //Check if was successfully borrowed if (!this->borrowedBook) { $this->haveBookState = FALSE; } else { $this->haveBookState = TRUE; } } public function returnBook() { $this->borrowedBook->returnBook(); $this->haveBookState = FALSE; } public function getBook() { if ($this->haveBookState) { return "The book is loaned, the author is" . $this->borrowedbook->getAuthor(); } else { return "I don't have the book, perhaps someone else took it"; } } } At last, we got a client, to test the behavior function __autoload($class) { require_once $class . '.php'; } function write ($whatever,$breaks) { for($break = 0;$break<$breaks;$break++) { $whatever .= "\n"; } echo nl2br($whatever); } write("Begin Singleton test", 2); $borrowerJuan = new BookBorrower(); $borrowerPedro = new BookBorrower(); write("Juan asks for the book", 1); $borrowerJuan->borrowBook(); write("Book Borrowed? ", 1); write($borrowerJuan->getAuthorAndTitle(),2); write("Pedro asks for the book", 1); $borrowerPedro->borrowBook(); write("Book Borrowed? ", 1); write($borrowerPedro->getAuthorAndTitle(),2); write("Juan returns the book", 1); $borrowerJuan->returnBook(); write("Returned Book Juan? ", 1); write($borrowerJuan->getAuthorAndTitle(),2); write("Pedro asks again for the book", 1); $borrowerPedro->borrowBook(); write("Book Borrowed? ", 1); write($borrowerPedro->getAuthorAndTitle(),2); This will end up in the expected behavior: Begin Singleton test Juan asks for the book Book Borrowed? The book is loaned, the author is = Onecrappy Writer Ofcheap Novels Pedro asks for the book Book Borrowed? I don't have the book, perhaps someone else took it Juan returns the book Returned Book Juan? I don't have the book, perhaps someone else took it Pedro asks again for the book Book Borrowed? The book is loaned, the author is = Onecrappy Writer Ofcheap Novels So I want to make a pattern based on the DI technique able to do exactly the same, but without singleton pattern. As far as I'm aware, I KNOW I must inject the book inside "borrowBook" function instead of taking a static instance: public function borrowBook(BookNonSingleton $book) { if (isset($this->borrowedBook) || $book->isLoaned()) { $this->haveBook = FALSE; return FALSE; } else { $this->borrowedBook = $book; $this->haveBook = TRUE; return TRUE; } } And at the client, just handle the book: $borrowerJuan = new BookBorrower(); $borrowerJuan-borrowBook(new NonSingletonBook()); Etc... and so far so good, BUT... Im taking the responsability of "single instance" to the borrower, instead of keeping that responsability inside the NonSingletonBook, that since it has not anymore a private constructor, can be instantiated as many times... making instances on each call. So, What does my NonSingletonBook class MUST be in order to never allow borrowers to have this same book twice? (aka) keep the single instance. Because the dependency injector part of the code (borrower) does not solve me this AT ALL. Is it needed the container with an "asShared" method builder with static behavior? No way to encapsulate this functionallity into the Book itself? "Hey Im a book and I shouldn't be instantiated more than once, I'm unique"

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