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  • How to configure VirtualBox server for performance at home

    - by BluJai
    I currently have two physical Ubuntu Server 10.10 servers at home: one serves as our firewall/router/DHCP/VPN server and the other performs double-duty as a file server and a VirtualBox host for an Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 machine which I use from remote connections (via NoMachine) for many thin-client purposes which are irrelevant to my question. What I'd like to accomplish is to consolidate the two physical machines into one which is a dedicated VirtualBox host (most likely running Ubuntu Server 10.10). Note that I'd like to stick with VirtualBox (if possible) because I'm most comfortable with it and use it on a daily basis at both home and work. Specifically, I plan to have one VM set up as file server, another as the firewall/router/DHCP/VPN (or possibly split those a bit) and a third, which is the only current VM (already VirtualBox), which is the thin-client host. My question comes down to performance and/or recommendations about the file server VM. The file server hosts about 6 terabytes of data across 4 drives. What I'd like to do is use raw disk access from the VM directly to the existing disks. However, I'm curious what performance advantage/disadvantage that would have as compared to using shared folders from the VM host and basically just have the whole drive served as a shared folder to the VM which would then serve it to the other machines on the network. I don't know if virtual disks would even work in this scenario and I certainly wouldn't want a drive to be filled with just a single file which is 1.5 TB (disk image). To add understanding of context, but not to get additional advice, I want to virtualize these machines because I intend to regularly use the snapshot capabilities of VirtualBox for the system disks (which will be virtual drives) of the VMs and I have some physical space/power needs to address (as I mentioned, this is at home).

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  • Files on ext4 on Drobo with corrupt, zero-ed out blocks

    - by Patrick
    I have a 2TB ext4 file system (Ubuntu running Linux kernel 2.6.31-22-server x86_64). This file system is the second drive on a Drobo box plugged in via USB. We've not had problems on the first drive (Drobo limits drive size to 2TB due to some OS limitations, so if you have more space than that it appears as two separate drives). I am sharing this files with Samba (smbd 3.4.0) with a mix of Windows and Linux workstations. Recently we've been experiencing some data corruption in multiple files. In many cases I have an un-corrupt original file stored on one of the workstations. These are binary files of various formats, (e.g. SQLite, but others as well). I used "split" to split a corrupt and uncorrupt file into 4096 byte chunks (this is the block size of the ext4 file system). I then ran md5sum on pairs of chunks and discovered that the chunks matched in many cases and in every case where they did not match, the corrupt chunk was a solid chunk of zeroes (620f0b67a91f7f74151bc5be745b7110 for what it's worth). I'm trying to track down a culprit but am a bit at a loss. I don't believe Samba is at fault since I'm using it without issue on the first drive exported by the Drobo. What can I do to narrow this down and find out what's going on?

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  • Physical-to-virtual for personal use

    - by Journeyman Geek
    One of my current projects involves reducing the number of old computers lying around. So far, the office systems have been downsized from 5 to 2. One system which had no data on it was dumped entirely, while three other identical boxes were consolidated into to one (I swap hard drives as needed and they just work(tm)). I want to make further cuts. The physical systems in question all run windows xp sp3, and were old Pentium 4s with 256 MB of RAM. Currently, I have got a VirtualBox running on another system. My intention is to migrate all services to that. We can assume that disk space and RAM on the host is not an issue. I'd rather not go with a client-server physical-to-virtual (P2V) method like what VirtualBox uses now. I have a few specific concerns as well - specifically whether I'd need to reactivate or sysprep for dissimilar hardware first. An offline tool for imaging (Windows or Linux) would not be an issue since the drives could be mounted onto another system I have anyway or I could use a LiveCD. What would be my options for P2V conversion, and what would I need to keep in mind when doing this?

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  • EFI vs MBR - Installing Windows Server 2008 R2 or 2012 on 8TB

    - by Riaan de Lange
    I'm having some difficulty installing Windows Server 2008 R2 and Windows Server 2012 on an Intel Server platform. The server specs is as follows: Intel Grizzly Pass Server System - R2308GZ4GC 2x Intel Xeon 2620 - 2.0 GHZ - BX80621E52620 132 GB of Memory REG-DIMM - TS1GKR72V6H 4x Seagate Constellation ES 2TB 3.5" 7200rpm 6GB/S - ST32000645NS Intel Big Laurel 4CH 6G SAS RAID 512MB - RS2BL040 On the Intel RAID Controller Setup, I have setup the HDD to be in RAID-0 - for testing purposes. (Ultimately configured in RAID-5) So, the total size of HDD space I can use is 7.6 TB something... When I install the Server OS's, they don't seem to go beyond 2 TB (1.76 TB) I have read up on EFI and UEFI boot, and this seems to work in 2012, but I could not install any drivers for the motherboard... So, I also tried EFI for 2008R2, and this worked while installing the OS, it did not however work with the Windows Boot Manager option in the BIOS. It kept on freezing once it tries to load the partition. My idea was to allocate the complete 8 TB for the OS, and load a few VM's on there. I have now started with a new approach where I'll have a 256 GB OS Partition, and a secondary 7.5 TB Data partition. Oh, and I also did a diskpart - convert disk to gpt whilst installing 2008R2. The whole disk was accessible, 7.6TB Can anyone please clarify that EFI/UEFI is meant for larger boot volumes? Bigger than 2TB. If I were to have an ideal situation where my OS is run on a SSD, 256GB, and I can attach the 8 TB drives as normal disk to the OS? I'm I correct in saying that if I wanted to boot from a 8TB partition, I would need to force the BIOS to boot from EFI? The limit for MBR is 2 TB as far as I know now... *FYI: The motherboard is EFI-ready

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  • Apache rewrite rules and special characters

    - by Massimo
    I have a server where some files have an actual %20 in their name (they are generated by an automated tool which handles spaces this way, and I can't do anything about this); this is not a space: it's "%" followed by "2" followed by "0". On this server, there is an Apache web server, and there are some web pages which links to those files, using their name in URLs like http://servername/file%20with%20a%20name%20like%20this.html; those pages are also generated by the same tool, so I (again!) can't do anything about that. A full search-and-replace on all files, pages and URLs is out of question here. The problem: when Apache gets called with an URL like the one above, it (correctly) translates the "%20"s into spaces, and then of course it can't find the files, because they don't have actuale spaces in their names. How can I solve this? I discovered than by using an URL like http://servername/file%2520name.html it works nicely, because then Apache translates "%25" into a "%" sign, and thus the correct filename gets built. I tried using an Apache rewrite rule, and I can succesfully replace spaces with hypens with a syntax like this: RewriteRule (.*)\ (.*) $1-$2 The problem: when I try to replace them with a "%2520" sequence, this just doesn't happen. If I use RewriteRule (.*)\ (.*) $1%2520$2 then the resulting URL is http://servername/file520name.html; I've tried "%25" too, but then I only get a "5"; it just looks like the initial "%2" gets somewhat discarded. The questions: How can I build such a regexp to replace spaces with "%2520"? Is this the only way I can deal with this issue (other than a full search-and-replace which, as I said, can't be done), or do you have any better idea?

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  • Limit the amount of data that can be stored in a folder on Ubuntu Server 12.04?

    - by dougoftheabaci
    I'm in the process of building my first server. It's up, it's running, I'm transferring copious amounts of data away from my horrid little Drobo (DO NOT BUY ONE OF THESE, EVER). However, there's one thing I have yet to do: I'd like to set it up for Time Machine backups as well. I've seen all the guides and I have some idea of how to set the whole thing up, but the issue is that Time Machine will just fill up as much space as you let it. So if I let it lose in my 8 TB zpool it'll slowly consume every last available sector. This, of course, is not acceptable. I have a folder at the root of my zpool called "ZFS Time Machine" and I would like to limit it to 1 TB (all I need for backup purposes). However, I have no idea how to do that. Is this possible? I can continue using a small external hard drive attached via FW800 if I have to but I'd much rather prefer putting everything on my server.

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  • In GNU Screen, Recalled bash history command displays one character position to the left of actual location

    - by vergueishon
    I am running Red Hat 5 32-bit (2.6.18-194.26.1.el5). The issue is that when I recall any previous command in bash's history, the first character in the command is displayed immediately after the shell prompt, without any intervening space, likeso: \[me@mymachine tmp]$man mysql If I enter a Ctrl-C, and retype the command, it looks likeso: \[me@mymachine tmp]$ man mysql This makes recalling a command and editing it before re-entering a real pain. Basically, if I try to edit a recalled command, my changes occur one character position to the left (I believe) of what I see on the screen. It's a bit tedious to describe, and appears to only happen with commands with a large number of arguments. UPDATE: The contents of /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen, 1 #!/bin/bash 2 echo -n $'\033'"_${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*}:${PWD/#$HOME/~}"$'\033\\\\' and the contents of /etc/bashrc, 24 screen) 25 if [ -e /etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen ]; then 26 PROMPT_COMMAND=/etc/sysconfig/bash-prompt-screen 27 else 28 PROMPT_COMMAND='echo -ne "\033_${USER}@${HOSTNAME%%.*}:${PWD/#$HOME/~}"; echo -ne "\033\\"' 29 fi 30 ;; I've disable bash-prompt-screen by renaming it--this fixed it. It's entirely possible that there is a fix to the bash-prompt-screen prompt line in the latest version of screen for RHEL 5. The error is seen under Screen version 4.00.03 (FAU) 23-Oct-06. (I noticed an update in the queue, which is installing as I write this.)

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  • Is there any special way to force GoBack to work with Windows Vista and 7?

    - by dfree
    Norton/Roxio's GoBack doesn't work with Vista/7 for reasons unknown. I have tried several alternatives (Norton Ghost, RollbackRX, Norton Save and Restore), none of which offer the same functionality as GoBack. Not only does GoBack not eat up all your hard drive space while creating a legitimate fail safe for any pc problems, it also allows you to see ACTIVELY EXACTLY WHAT PROCESS ARE BEING EXECUTED ON YOUR COMPUTER. This feature (called Advanced Disk Drive Restore) also allows you to troubleshoot problems and determine causes for things in about half a second by seeing what is happening on your machine. It's how I learned everything I know about computers. GoBack also features something called Safe Try Mode where you can put it in SafeTry and then mess up the whole computer and when you come out of it, your computer will be exactly how it was before. Amazing for people who like to tinker without risking their machine stability. It also helps for that accidentally erased paper or whatever you may have erased. I believe GoBack installs a type44 partition around the drive, which loads prior to windows to allow this functionality. If you're going to recommend another program, please don't (unless it does all of the above). I've tried all the competition and nothing is as good. I just want my GoBack to work with 7 :) Any ideas of crazy ways to make this work?

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  • limits.conf to set memory limits

    - by Rupert Jipe
    I would like to limit any process from using more than 500 MB of RAM. AFAIK this is done using RSS in /etc/security/limits.conf but the process called gnome-panel apparently is using 618436 kB of VmRSS. How can this be ? /etc/security/limits.conf * hard rss 512000 username@debian:~$ cat /proc/3002/status Name: gnome-panel State: S (sleeping) Tgid: 3002 Pid: 3002 PPid: 2910 TracerPid: 0 Uid: 1000 1000 1000 1000 Gid: 1000 1000 1000 1000 FDSize: 64 Groups: 20 24 25 29 44 46 112 116 117 1000 1002 1003 VmPeak: 916636 kB VmSize: 916636 kB VmLck: 0 kB VmHWM: 618436 kB VmRSS: 618436 kB VmData: 601972 kB VmStk: 104 kB VmExe: 516 kB VmLib: 29232 kB VmPTE: 1760 kB Threads: 1 SigQ: 0/14001 SigPnd: 0000000000000000 ShdPnd: 0000000000000000 SigBlk: 0000000000000000 SigIgn: 0000000020001000 SigCgt: 0000000180000000 CapInh: 0000000000000000 CapPrm: 0000000000000000 CapEff: 0000000000000000 CapBnd: ffffffffffffffff Cpus_allowed: 3 Cpus_allowed_list: 0-1 Mems_allowed: 00000000,00000001 Mems_allowed_list: 0 voluntary_ctxt_switches: 871965 nonvoluntary_ctxt_switches: 47553 PaX: PeMRs username@debian:~$ cat /proc/3002/limits Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us

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  • Running a VM off a USB 2.0 Flash Drive - Mac/Parallels/XP

    - by geerlingguy
    I use a MacBook Air as my primary machine, and the 128GB SSD means space is precious. To save about 10 GB, I've been running Parallels with a Windows XP VM off an external USB hard drive, which performs as well in everyday use as running the VM off the internal SSD. So, I bought a tiny 32GB USB 2.0 flash drive, plugged it into the MacBook Air, formatted it first as ExFAT (which was slow), then as Mac OS Extended (Journaled) (which was also slow), and copied over my VM file, and ran Parallels off it. My full experience is documented here: http://www.midwesternmac.com/blogs/jeff-geerling/running-windows-xp-vm Straight file copies are really fast — 30 MB/sec read (solid the whole time), and 10-11 MB/sec write (solid the whole time). But I noticed that once XP started running, the disk access rates were in the low KB ranges. Are USB flash drives really that poor at random access, or could I possibly be missing something (the format of the flash drive, etc.?)? Of note, I've tried the following, to no great effect: Formatting the drive as either ExFAT or Mac OS Extended (Journaled) Unplugging all other USB devices and turning off Bluetooth (which runs on the right-side-port USB bus). Plugging in the flash drive either direct in the right side port, or the left side port, or into a USB 2.0 hub

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  • Problems with Vista loading a temporary user profile.

    - by Joe
    I'm having a problem in Vista. My machine has four users, one for each of us in the house. Whenever a user logs in before me, they log out, and then I log in, Vista loads a temporary profile for me. However, if I restart and log in, I get into my profile no problem. Two errors are written to the event log (see below), and I've searched everywhere for solutions. 1: Windows was unable to load the registry. The problem is often caused by insuff. memory or insuff. security rights. DETAIL - The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process. for C:\users\joe\ntuser.dat I've got plenty of disk space and memory. 2:Windows cannot load the locally stored profile. Possible causes of this error include isufficient security rights or a corrupt local profile. DETAIL - The process cannot access the file because it is being used by another process. Thanks!

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  • Automounting Active Directory home drives on a Linux server on login

    - by Ethan
    I've got a Centos 5.7 box authenticating against Active Directory through PBIS Open (the new LikeWise Open), which works well. Now, I'm trying to get the server to automount the user's AD home directory, located at //ad.server.dom/shares/home directories (Yeah, it's a space in the path. I didn't set this up). Each user has a directory in there with the same name as the user. I've tried to get pam_mount working, but it has a series of issues on RedHat and friends, and I can't seem to get that working. The directory does need to be automounted for the server to perform it's role. My reading on automount seems to suggest that there's no way to get it to do it's thing with authentication, though I'm happy to be proved wrong. I've looked at this resource, but it requires version RedHat (thus CentOS) 6 or higher, and newer packages than I have. I can manually (As root) mount the AD directory using the command mount.cifs "//ad.server.dom/Shares/home directories/testuser" /home/local/AD/testuser/nfs_mount/ -o username=testuser and when I log in as testuser, I can see all of the sample files in the nfs_share directory. Any tips towards the right direction would be highly appreciated. This is going to be on a server at a college, so it needs to be fairly stable, and would lead towards more Linux adoption there.

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  • Looking for equivalent of ProxyPassReverseMatch in Apache to fix missing trailing forward slash issue

    - by Alex Man
    I have two web servers, www.example.com and www.userdir.com. I'm trying to make www.example.com as the front end proxy server to serve requests like in the format of http://www.example.com/~username such as http://www.example.com/~john/ so that it sends an internal request of http://www.userdir.com/~john/ to www.userdir.com. I can achieve this in Apache with ProxyPass /~john http://www.userdir.com/~john ProxyPassReverse /~john http://www.userdir.com/~john The ProxyPassReverse is necessary as without it a request like http://www.example.com/~john without the trailing forward slash will be redirected as http://www.userdir.com/~john/ and I want my users to stay in the example.com space. Now, my problem is that I have a lot of users and I cannot list all those user names in httpd.conf. So, I use ProxyPassMatch ^(/~.*)$ http://www.userdir.com$1 but there is no such thing as ProxyPassReverseMatch in Apache. Without it, whenever the trailing forward slash is missing in the URL, one will be directed to www.userdir.com, and that's not what I want. I also tried the following to add the trailing forward slash RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} ^/~[^./]*$ RewriteRule ^/(.*)$ http://www.userdir.com/$1/ [P] but then it will render a page with broken image and CSS because they are linked to http://www.example.com/images/image.gif while it should be http://www.example.com/~john/images/image.gif. I have been googling for a long time and still can't figure out a good solution for this. Would really appreciate it if any one can shed some light on this issue. Thank you!

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  • MS SQL Server Firewall Ports

    - by mmacaulay
    Hi, I've recently found myself in the position of quickly deploying a production app on SQL Server 2008 (EXPRESS), and I've been having some issues with configuring firewall rules between our web server running the ASP.NET app and our database server. Everything that I can find on the internet claims that I should only need to have TCP ports 1433/1434 and UDP port 1434 accessible on the database server. However, we were unable to get connectivity going between the web app and the database with just those ports. With the help of one of the guys in our datacentre, we discovered that there was traffic also going to TCP port 2242 on the database server. After opening this port, everything worked, but we're not sure why. Later on, I had to reinstall SQL Server due to some disk space issues, and found that the problem had resurfaced - after another session with the packet sniffer, we discovered that this time traffic was going to TCP port 4541 on the database server. My question is, is there some configuration option that I'm missing in SQL server that's making it choose random ports? I'd like to have our firewall rules locked down as much as possible, and of course we'd like to avoid any future mysterious connectivity issues, especially once the app is live. Both servers are running Windows 2003 R2 X64.

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  • Missing boot files in Windows 8

    - by Alex F. Sherman
    I had a partition with Windows 8 Release Preview, Windows' System Reserved partition and the empty space of the beginning of disk. I moved two partitions to the beginning of disk using Ubuntu Live CD and GParted. After that, the Windows Loader didn't boot and throw an error about missing files. I fixed it using the commands: bootsect /nt60 sys /force /mbr bootrec /rebuildbcd bootrec /fixboot bootrec /fixmbr When I used "Automatic repair" option from "Advanced boot" menu, it throw an error like: Windows can't fix your boot problems. For more information see file C:\Windows\System32\LogFiles\Srt\SrtTrail.txt In this file I found a description of the system repair actions and at the end of file: Boot status indicates that the OS booted successfully. Now, when I use the Advanced boot menu from Windows 8 (PC settings - General - Advanced startup) I receive an error: Restart your PC to try again. It looks like something didn't load correctly. Restarting might fix the problem. If this happens more than once, you might also be able to find help by searching online for the specific error code. Erorr code: 0x8007090. 0x80070490 is the error code ERROR_NOT_FOUND. What are the missing boot files and how can I restore them? List of files in System Reserved Partition: B:\bootmgr B:\BOOTNXT B:\Boot\BCD B:\Boot\BCD.LOG B:\Boot\BCD.LOG1 B:\Boot\BCD.LOG2 B:\Boot\BOOTSTAT.DAT B:\Boot\Fonts B:\Boot\memtest.exe B:\Boot\qps-ploc B:\Boot\Resources B:\Boot\Resources\bootres.dll and many *.mui and *.ttf files.

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  • How to use Zune software to listen to podcasts with generic MP3 player?

    - by Bevan
    I listen to a bunch of podcasts - a great way to fill the otherwise mindless space of a daily commute. My MP3 player is a Transonic brand, appears on my computer as a generic storage device. I've been using iTunes to download the podcasts, and manually moving the files out of the disk folder onto my player, but this is pretty tedious. iTunes also fails to recognise that the files are gone and leaves them in the list. (Actually, iTunes for windows is pretty much a dog, but that's a different rant.) The Zune software is 99% of what I want in a podcast downloader - performs well, looks nice, downloads reliably and so on. Some features - like only downloading the next five unheard episodes of a podcast - are superb. However, if I manually move the files across to the MP3 player, the Zune software concludes that the file has never been downloaded, and downloads it again. This leads me to my question: What is a good way to use the Zune software to download podcasts for listening on a generic MP3 player? Are there any addons for the Zune software to make this easier? Registry hacks? Can I configure the Zune software to not download the same episode multiple times? Is there a way for the Zune software to populate my MP3 player directly, instead of having to copy files?

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  • CMS/Wiki to use for a HTML5 video site

    - by Clinton Blackmore
    Greetings. I want to put up a website with instructive screencasts, and allow for people to add comments to them. I would like use the Video for Everybody technique, partly because I dislike Flash and because it helps in a small way to move the web forward [while being backwards compatable]. I recognize that HTML5 is still in draft, and that support for it varies. I do have some hosting space, and can run Perl, PHP, and Ruby on Rails applications, with a MySQL backend. I should mention that part of my working job involves running some web servers, and that I am a programmer by training (with only a limited familiarity with Perl and PHP, and none with Ruby). I should mention why I don't particularly want to go with a video hosting site (like YouTube or Vimeo): Flash Video Resolution and Quality [I'd like to put up 800x600 videos] Videos promote a club that is not stricly non-profit [ie. may fall afoul of Terms of Service] I'm already paying for web hosting, and free video hosting comes with time and bandwidth limits I don't want there to be two locations where you can comment on the video Now, having said all that, I'd be quite comfortable putting up my own HTML pages, except: that's so web 1.0! :) [ie. it does not allow for comments] I also want to do some blogging and possibly put up a wiki; the site will not be entirely screencasts So, can anyone recommend a CMS (or Wiki, or similar application) that I can customise for this purpose?

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  • Concerns about Apache per-Vhost logging setup

    - by etienne
    I'm both senior developer and sysadmin in my company, so i'm trying to deal with the needs of both activities. I've set up our apache box, wich deals with 30-50 domains atm (and hopefully will grow larger) and hosts both production and development sites, with this directory structure: domains/ domains/domain.ext/ #FTPS chroot for user domain.ext domains/domain.ext/public #the DocumentRoot of http://domain.ext domains/domain.ext/logs domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext domains/domain.ext/subdomains/sub.domain.ext/public #DocumentRoot of http://sub.domain.ext Each domain.ext Vhost runs with his dedicated user and group via mpm-itk, umask being 027, and the logs are stored via a piped sudo command, like this: ErrorLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_error.log" CustomLog "| /usr/bin/sudo -u nobody -g domain.ext tee -a domains/domain.ext/logs/sub.domain.ext_access.log" combined Now, i've read a lot about not letting the logs out of a very restricted directory, but the developers often need to give a quick look to a particular subdomain error log, and i don't really want to give them admin rights to look into /var/logs. Having them available into the ftp account is REALLY handy during development stages. Do you think this setup is viable and safe enough? To me it is apparently looking good, but i'm concerned about 3 security issues: -is the sudo pipe enough to deal with symlink exploits? Any catches i'm missing? -log dos: logs are in the same partition of all domains. got hundreds of gigs, but still, if one get disk-space dos'd, everything will break. Any workaround? Will a short timed logrotate suffice? -file descriptors limits: AFAIK the default limit for Apache on Ubuntu Server is currently 8192, which should be plenty enough to handle 2 log files per subdomain. Is it? Am i missing something? I hope to read some thoughts on the matter!

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  • ubuntu - Best way of repartitioning a (running) production server

    - by egarcia
    I've got an (externally hosted) production server running Ubuntu LTS. It serves webpages (rails) and has an svn repository accesible through Apache, and a PostgreSQL db. I've got ssh access to the server and root privileges. Most of the "interesting" stuff is located in /var/ : svn repositories are inside /var/svn, web pages under /var/www, etc. Yesterday I was curious about how much disk space had it left, so I did the following: $ df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/md1 950M 402M 500M 45% / varrun 990M 64K 990M 1% /var/run varlock 990M 0 990M 0% /var/lock udev 990M 76K 989M 1% /dev devshm 990M 0 990M 0% /dev/shm /dev/md5 4.7G 668M 4.1G 15% /usr /dev/md6 4.7G 1.4G 3.4G 29% /var /dev/md7 221G 28M 221G 1% /home none 990M 4.0K 990M 1% /tmp My 'var' partition, which holds most of the interesting part, is only 4.7G big. The /home/ partition, on the other hand, is 221G, but it is mostly unused. I should have checked the disk layout before starting installing stuff. Ideally I would need /var/ and /home/ to be "switched" - /home/ should be the one with 4.7G, and /var/ the one with 221G. Is there a way to solve this without having to reinstall the whole thing?

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  • What are "Excess Fragments" in defragmenting a hard drive?

    - by Andrew Swift
    I'm defragmenting my hard drive (XP SP3) with PerfectDisk 7.0, and it finds 816,659 excess fragments when I ask for an analysis. [update] Specifically, it shows that the 1TB disk is 14% fragmented with 19693 fragments and 816,659 excess fragments. About 20% of the disk is still free space. What does excess fragments refer to? What is the difference between fragments and excess fragments? I have had problems in the past where I defragmented a fragmented disk and many files were corrupted. It seemed as though "excess fragments" referred to orphan pieces, where the program couldn't find out where to put them. If that was true, then defragmenting a disk resulted in many incomplete files, and in fact I defragmented a disk full of MP3's and got a lot of corrupted files as a result. Instead, I started to simply format a separate disk and copy everything from one to the other. That way there were no orphan bits, and no file corruption. Does anybody know what "excess fragments" really are?

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  • undelete big files - mission impossible?

    - by johnrembo
    Hi, I've accidentaly deleted outlook.pst (6.7GB) file, while there was only 400MB free space left on primary NTFS partition (winxp). I've tried several recovery tools to get this file back. "Ontrack Easy Recovery Pro" found 0 pst files (complete scan mode), while "Recover My Files" in sector scan mode found 5 pst's, but 4 of them of sizes from 3 to 28 KB, while the 5th one - 1Gb. I've managed to succesfuly recover 1Gb pst file, which was 1 year old copy (the one used after the latest windows reinstall). Now, I'm frustrated and confused Why 1 year old file was succesfuly recovered if there were only 400MB left on primary partition? Where's 6.7GB file gone? I did some reading (i.e. here), and it seems that there's almost no probability to retrieve the file I'm looking for, but wait - none of recovery tools i've used found zero-sized pst file, moreover - if due to fragmentation a file might be corrupted - we could use scanpst.exe to fix some errors and survive with 10 or 100 emails missing - whatever. Could you please recommend some more sophisticated recovery tools for this particular task? Appretiate your help - thanks in advance

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  • /etc/security/limits.conf for setting program limits in Linux

    - by Flavius Akerele
    I have the following inside /etc/security/limits.conf (I have specified root separately because * will not include it.) user2 - core unlimited * - core 0 root - core 0 * - rss 512000 root - rss 512000 * - nproc 100 root - nproc 100 * - maxlogins 1 root - maxlogins 1 I run a program as user2 (./programname) but /proc/3498/limits says cores are disabled: Limit Soft Limit Hard Limit Units Max cpu time unlimited unlimited seconds Max file size unlimited unlimited bytes Max data size unlimited unlimited bytes Max stack size 8388608 unlimited bytes Max core file size 0 0 bytes Max resident set 524288000 524288000 bytes Max processes 100 100 processes Max open files 1024 1024 files Max locked memory 65536 65536 bytes Max address space unlimited unlimited bytes Max file locks unlimited unlimited locks Max pending signals 14001 14001 signals Max msgqueue size 819200 819200 bytes Max nice priority 0 0 Max realtime priority 0 0 Max realtime timeout unlimited unlimited us Both ulimit -Sa and ulimit -Ha output that cores are disabled: core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 14001 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) 512000 open files (-n) 1024 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) unlimited cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 100 virtual memory (kbytes, -v) unlimited file locks (-x) unlimited Why are cores disabled ?

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  • Win 2008 R2 - copying TO disk is very slow, copying FROM is more or less okay

    - by avs099
    I have Windows 2008 R2 SP1 with 4 identical SATA disks (Seagate Barracude 7200) in RAID 5 array. It has 4Gb of memory; all recent updates are installed. Problem: when I copy large file from one folder to another, I get about 10MB/s average speed. When I read this file from network share via 1Gbps connection - I get about 25-30 MB/s. Both numbers seems to be low for me - but specifically I'm very frustrated with low write speed. there is no antivirus, no hyper-v, it's just a fileserver - i when i do my tests nobody else reads/write from it (we have only 4 people in a team, so I'm sure). Not sure if that matters, but there is only 1 logic disk "C" with all available space (1400 GB). I'm not an admin at all, so I have no idea where to look and what other information to provide. I did run performance monitor with "% idle time", "avg bytes read", "avg byte write" - here is the screenshot: I'm not sure why there are such obvious spikes. Any idea? Please let me know if you need me to provide more information - what counters should I check, etc. I'm very eager to get this solved. Thank you. UPDATE: we have another Windows 2008 R2 SP1 server with 2 RAID1 arrays - one is disk C (where windows is installed, another one is disk E). It is running Hyper-V and does not have antivirus. I noticed the following behavior when I copy large file (few GBs): C - C: about 50MB/sec C - E: about 55MB/sec E - E: 8MB/sec!!! E - C: 8MB/sec!!! what could cause this?? E drive is RAID1 array from same Seagate Barracuda 1TB drives..

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  • Access Windows Boot Manager selector when timeout is set to 0?

    - by Kyle Cronin
    I've installed Wubi onto a Windows Vista computer. I've also set the boot timeout to 0: bcdedit /timeout 0 However, now I can't figure out how to get the menu to come up at all! I read on the internets that I had to hold F8 or space when starting up, but they doesn't seem to do anything. Is there a different key or setting I've overlooked? The computer itself is a Dell that's a few months old. The keyboard is USB, but I don't think that's the problem as I can get into the BIOS just fine. Maybe I'm doing it wrong? Am I supposed to hold the keys or rapidly tap them (I've tried both)? If it helps, here's the output from bcdedit: C:\Windows\system32>bcdedit Windows Boot Manager -------------------- identifier {bootmgr} device partition=C: description Windows Boot Manager locale en-US inherit {globalsettings} default {current} resumeobject {5460d9d2-d391-11dc-9d9f-aba67a8797c5} displayorder {current} {e2484fe7-5e97-11de-84d4-0024e8074422} toolsdisplayorder {memdiag} timeout 0 resume No Windows Boot Loader ------------------- identifier {current} device partition=C: path \Windows\system32\winload.exe description Windows Vista locale en-US inherit {bootloadersettings} recoverysequence {572bcd55-ffa7-11d9-aae0-0007e994107d} recoveryenabled Yes osdevice partition=C: systemroot \Windows resumeobject {5460d9d2-d391-11dc-9d9f-aba67a8797c5} nx OptIn Real-mode Boot Sector --------------------- identifier {e2484fe7-5e97-11de-84d4-0024e8074422} device partition=C: path \ubuntu\winboot\wubildr.mbr description Ubuntu

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  • ESXi - change to thin - virtual disk filesize is the same

    - by sven
    running ESXi 5.5 here with a datastore on a single SSD. Now, I thought about changing to thin disks from thick and found that I could use a tool on the ESXi host to do that. However, the file size of the new created virtual disk is not changing. I run: vmkfstools -i loader.vmdk -d 'thin' thinloader.vmdk Destination disk format: VMFS thin-provisioned Cloning disk 'loader.vmdk'... Clone: 100% done. After that I compared the virtual disksizes: ls -la *.vmdk -rw------- 1 root root 32212254720 Jun 10 08:25 loader-flat.vmdk -rw------- 1 root root 467 May 21 17:04 loader.vmdk -rw------- 1 root root 32212254720 Jun 10 08:27 thinloader-flat.vmdk -rw------- 1 root root 520 Jun 10 08:33 thinloader.vmdk Stats on the original file: stat loader.vmdk File: loader.vmdk Size: 467 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 131072 regular file Device: 8bf64d175e27544ch/10085333178302026828d Inode: 419443780 Links: 1 Access: (0600/-rw-------) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2014-01-25 10:17:34.000000000 Modify: 2014-05-21 17:04:06.000000000 Change: 2014-05-21 17:04:06.000000000 and on the thin file: stat thinloader.vmdk File: thinloader.vmdk Size: 520 Blocks: 0 IO Block: 131072 regular file Device: 8bf64d175e27544ch/10085333178302026828d Inode: 432026692 Links: 1 Access: (0600/-rw-------) Uid: ( 0/ root) Gid: ( 0/ root) Access: 2014-06-10 08:27:45.000000000 Modify: 2014-06-10 08:33:30.000000000 Change: 2014-06-10 08:33:30.000000000 Anyone an idea why the disk is not providing any more space (tried with multiple VM's already - all the same)? Also, I have noticed that the newly created file "autoappend" "-flat" to the disk ... Thanks Sven Update - diff of the vmdk config* --- loader.vmdk +++ thinloader.vmdk @@ -7,15 +7,17 @@ createType="vmfs" -RW 62914560 VMFS "loader-flat.vmdk" +RW 62914560 VMFS "thinloader-flat.vmdk" ddb.adapterType = "lsilogic" +ddb.deletable = "true" ddb.geometry.cylinders = "3916" ddb.geometry.heads = "255" ddb.geometry.sectors = "63" ddb.longContentID = "6d95855805dfa0079327dfee29b48dca" -ddb.uuid = "60 00 C2 98 d5 7d 17 bf-ac 54 70 b1 2d 39 43 d5" +ddb.thinProvisioned = "1" +ddb.uuid = "60 00 C2 93 c4 13 6c cf-bb 7b 34 c9 2c b4 dc 1e" ddb.virtualHWVersion = "8"

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