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  • Size of int in C on different architectures

    - by NawaMan
    I am aware that the specification of the C language does not dictate the exact size of each integer type (e.g., int). What I am wondering is: Is there a way in C (not C++) to define an integer type with a specific size that ensures it will be the same across different architectures? Like: typedef int8 <an integer with 8 bits> typedef int16 <an integer with 16 bits> Or any other way that will allow other parts of the program to be compiled on different architecture.

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  • How do I set the color for the editButtonItem in the navigation bar of a UITableViewController ?

    - by eemceebee
    Hi I have a UITableViewController where I added a "editButtonItem" in the navigation bar : self.navigationItem.leftBarButtonItem = self.editButtonItem; No magic here, but I try to define the color (background and foreground/textcolor) of this button. I read in the Apple forum somewhere that the button changes the color if I change the navigationbar to the same color, well despite the fact that I do not get this to work either (for testing) I do not want to touch the navigationbr itself, just the button. Since this button is already predefined I am not sure how to handle this. Do I need to overwrite the button with my own definition or can I just simply apply a new style (if so how ?) Thx

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  • Integration Test Example With Rhino Mocks

    - by guazz
    I have two classes. I would like to verify that the properties are called on one of the classes. public classA { public IBInterface Foo {get;set;} public LoadData() { Foo.Save(1.23456, 1.23456); } } public classB : IBInterface { public decimal ApplePrice {get; set;} public decimal OrangePrice {get; set;} public void Save(decimal param1, decimal param2) { this.ApplePrice = param1; this.OrangePrice = param2; } } I would like to use Rhino Mocks(AAA syntax) to verify that ApplePrice and OrangePrice were set correctly. I assume I should begin like so but how do I verify that ApplePrice and OrangePrice have been set? var mockInterfaceB = mockery.DynamicMock(); ClassA a = new ClassA(); a.Foo = mockInterfaceB; a.LoadData();

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  • Select on multiple criteria with XPath

    - by Matt Thrower
    I have an XML document which looks something like this: <meadinkent> <record> <comp_div>MENSWEAR</comp_div> <sty_ret_type>ACCESSORIES</sty_ret_type> <sty_pdt_type>BELTS</sty_pdt_type> <pdt_category>AWESOME_BELTS</pdt_category> </record> <medinkent> I want to useXPath to select nodes which match all four elements and I'm having trouble getting the boolean syntax right. I'm trying this to match the first two just as a test: "/meadinkent/record/comp_div[.='" & comp_div & "'] and /meadinkent/record/sty_ret_type[.='" & sty_ret_type & "']" Which is failing, saying no nodes are returned. Obviously I'm being very stupid - what am I doing wrong? Cheers, mAtt

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  • Csharp component which generates fragments with highlights for diffs for 2 strings

    - by MicMit
    I need C# implementation ( ideally open source ) which is similar to Delphi DLL. I am currently using the wrapper ( C# syntax is provided , but it is a call from a different language ) zdiff( string ref str1, string ref str2, int range , int trim ) it calls inside str1 = GetHiDiff(@str1,1,trim) str2 = GetHiDiff(@str1,2,trim) where function GetHiDiff(s:pchar; sIndex:integer; wtrim:integer): pchar; stdcall; What it does it returns a left fragment html of str1 and a right html fragment of str2 with diffs highlighted as strings are passed by reference. Range parameter determines the size of html fragment. Not sure what trim 0 does.

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  • C# 4: conflicting overloaded methods with optional parameters

    - by Thomas
    I have two overloaded methods, one with an optional parameter. void foo(string a) { } void foo(string a, int b = 0) { } now I call: foo("abc"); interestingly the first overload is called. why not the second overload with optional value set to zero? To be honest, I would have expect the compiler to bring an error, at least a warning to avoid unintentional execution of the wrong method. What's the reason for this behaviour? Why did the C# team define it that way? Thanks for your opinions!

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  • How to properly rewrite ASSERT code to pass /analyze in msvc?

    - by Sorin Sbarnea
    Visual Studio added code analysis (/analyze) for C/C++ in order to help identify bad code. This is quite a nice feature but when you deal with and old project you may be overwhelmed by the number of warnings. Most of the problems are generating because the old code is doing some ASSERT at the beginning of the method or function. I think this is the ASSERT definition used in the code (from afx.h) #define ASSERT(f) DEBUG_ONLY((void) ((f) || !::AfxAssertFailedLine(THIS_FILE, __LINE__) || (AfxDebugBreak(), 0))) Example code: ASSERT(pBytes != NULL); *pBytes = 0; // <- warning C6011: Dereferencing NULL pointer 'pBytes' I'm looking for an easy and safe solution to solve these warnings that does not imply disabling these warnings. Did I mention that there are lots of occurrences in current codebase?

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  • OSLO, ANTLR or other parser grammar, for parsing QUERY EXPRESSION

    - by Jay Allard
    Greetings I'm working on a project that requires me to write queries in text form, then convert them to some easily processed nodes to be processed by some abiguous repository. Of everything there, the part I'm least interested is the part that converts the text to nodes. I'm hoping it's already done somewhere. Because I'm making stuff up as I go, I chose to use a LINQish expression syntax. from m in Movie select m.A, m.B I started parsing it manually and got the basics, but it's pretty cheesy. I'm looking for the better solution. I made some progress using MGrammar, but it would be nice if such a thing already existed. Does anyone know of anything that already does this? I looked for existing ANTLR templates, but no luck. Thanks for the help.

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  • PHP Get variable to equal value of switch

    - by user342391
    I am trying to get a variable on my page to equal the result of a switch I have. This is the code: $payment_method = switch ($cardtype) { case "visa" : echo "VSA"; break; case "mastercard" : echo "MSC"; break; case "maestro" : echo "MAE"; break; case "amex" : echo "AMX" ; break; default : echo "Please specify a payment method!"; break; }; How can I get $payment_method to equal the result of this???? So far I recieve an error: Parse error: syntax error, unexpected T_SWITCH in /var/www/account/credits/moneybookers/process.php on line 65

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  • Teaching coworkers LINQ...

    - by cyberzed
    I have set myself upon a journey to educate my coworkers (all have accepted my mission, even the boss). Every day I seem to find a piece of code that could have been less error prone if my coworkers knew more about the framework, better-know-framework (in courtesy of DNR ;)) is part two of my teaching process. First part is teaching my coworkers about LINQ, what it can do for them and how it is written. My big question is where are all the good basic resources for LINQ education, everything if find is tightly coupled to Linq2Sql or all other sorts of material. Neither have I been able to find a tutorial for the actual linq syntax (except a specification of it all). (I hope this haven't been asked before but if it has please say so, cause then my searching skills have failed ;) )

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  • Hidden features of x86 assembly

    - by Earlz
    I am still a fan of x86 assembly(sorta) and know a lot of developers still using x86 assembly, although by far there are very few features available in assembly, let us list out the most useful and not so well known ones. Of course the question is on the lines of the Hidden Features questions listed below.: Hidden Features of JavaScript Hidden Features of CSS Hidden Features of C# Hidden Features of VB.NET Hidden Features of Java Hidden Features of ASP.NET Hidden Features of Python Hidden Features of TextPad Hidden Features of Eclipse Hidden Features of Classic ASP Please specify one feature per answer. Also, you can specify all bits of the x86 such as 16bit(real mode), 32bit, and 64bit. Please keep it neutral of assembler though. Both Intel and AT&T syntax is welcome but please don't for example demonstrate a useful macro feature for yasm.

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  • Creating XML with Rebol and rebelxml

    - by Rebol Tutorial
    The example in doc http://www.rebol.org/documentation.r?script=rebelxml.r to create XML works >> clear-xml-data == "" >> set-xml-data/content 'test/test "test" == "<test><test>test</test></test>" >> but when I want to create some variants it doesn't seem to work: >> clear-xml-data == "" >> set-xml-data/content 'test "test" ** Script Error: foreach expected data argument of type: series ** Where: set-xml-data ** Near: foreach tag path [ sub-rule: copy [] append sub-rule reduce [ 'thru to-open-tag tag ] if all [... >> this one doesn't work either: >> clear-xml-data == "" >> set-xml-data/content/with-attribute 'test/test "test" 'id "500" == "" >> Is there something wrong in my syntax ?

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  • asp.net InsertCommand to return latest insert ID

    - by Stijn Van Loo
    Dear all, I'm unable to retrieve the latest inserted id from my SQL Server 2000 db using a typed dataset in asp.NET I have created a tableadapter and I ticked the "Refresh datatable" and "Generate Insert, Update and Delete statements". This auto-generates the Fill and GetData methods, and the Insert, Update, Select and Delete statements. I have tried every possible solution in this thread http://forums.asp.net/t/990365.aspx but I'm still unsuccesfull, it always returns 1(=number of affected rows). I do not want to create a seperate insert method as the auto-generated insertCommand perfectly suits my needs. As suggested in the thread above, I have tried to update the InsertCommand SQL syntax to add SELECT SCOPY_IDENTITY() or something similar, I have tried to add a parameter of type ReturnValue, but all I get is the number of affected rows. Does anyone has a different take on this? Thanks in advance! Stijn

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  • pb with callback in the python optparse module

    - by PierrOz
    Hi Guys, I'm playing with Python 2.6 and its optparse module. I would like to convert one of my arguments to a datetime through a callback but it fails. Here is the code: def parsedate(option, opt_str, value, parser): option.date = datetime.strptime(value, "%Y/%m/%d") def parse_options(args): parser = OptionParser(usage="%prog -l LOGFOLDER [-e]", version="%prog 1.0") parser.add_option("-d", "--date", action="callback", callback="parsedate", dest="date") global options (options, args) = parser.parse_args(args) print option.date.strftime() if __name__ == "__main__": parse_options(sys.argv[1:]) I get an error File: optparse.py in _check_callback "callback not callable". I guess I'm doing something wrong in the way I define my callback but what ? and why ? Can anyone help ?

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  • Why does a module compile by itself but fail when used from elsewhere?

    - by chrisribe
    I have a Perl module that appears to compile fine by itself, but is causing other programs to fail compilation when it is included: me@host:~/code $ perl -c -Imodules modules/Rebat/Store.pm modules/Rebat/Store.pm syntax OK me@host:~/code $ perl -c -Imodules bin/rebat-report-status Attempt to reload Rebat/Store.pm aborted Compilation failed in require at bin/rebat-report-status line 4. BEGIN failed--compilation aborted at bin/rebat-report-status line 4. The first few lines of rebat-report-status are ... 3 use Rebat; 4 use Rebat::Store; 5 use strict; ...

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  • defining < operator for map of list iterators

    - by Adrian
    I'd like to use iterators from an STL list as keys in a map. For example: using namespace std; list<int> l; map<list<int>::const_iterator, int> t; int main(int argv, char * argc) { l.push_back(1); t[l.begin()] = 5; } However, list iterators do not have a comparison operator defined (in contrast to random access iterators), so compiling the above code results in an error: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/bits/stl_function.h:227: error: no match for ‘operator<’ in ‘__x < __y’ If the list is changed to a vector, a map of vector const_iterators compiles fine. What is the appropriate way to define the operator < for list::const_iterator?

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  • Defining a SPI in Clojure

    - by Joe Holloway
    I'm looking for an idiomatic way(s) to define an interface in Clojure that can be implemented by an external "service provider". My application would locate and instantiate the service provider module at runtime and delegate certain responsibilities to it. Let's say, for example, that I'm implementing a RPC mechanism and I want to allow a custom middleware to be injected at configuration time. This middleware could pre-process the message, discard messages, wrap the message handler with logging, etc. I know several ways to do this if I fall back to Java reflection, but feel that implementing it in Clojure would help my understanding. (Note, I'm using SPI in a general sense here, not specifically referring to the way it's defined in the JAR file specification) Thanks

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  • Actionscript 3: foreach drawing object in movieclip

    - by Mathias
    Hey, I got a europe map designed in flash (1 movieclip, 1 frame, really simple), which contains the map as drawing objects directly inside the scene and in addition some specific countries as clickable buttons. So far it's working fine. What I need now is to make all the other drawing objects clickable without having to edit and script each object. I'm thinking about something like this (pseudo code): foreach(obj in MovieClip) { if(obj !typeof(Button)) { obj.addEventListener(MouseEvent.MOUSE_DOWN, genericClickListener); } } I just don't know the syntax how to achieve that. Could anybody give me a hint? Thanks, Mathias

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  • Shell script [Expected end of line, etc. but found unknown token]

    - by rockinthesixstring
    I'm trying to build a Synergy AutoStart script as per this article, the shell is giving me the error Syntax Error Expected end of line, etc. but found unknown token Here is the script I'm working on... #!/bin/sh . /etc/rc.common run=(/usr/local/bin/synergyc -n $(hostname -s) -1 -f 192.168.0.108) KeepAlive () { proc=${1##*/} while [ -x "$1" ] do if ! ps axco command | grep -q "^${proc}\$" then "$@" fi sleep 3 done } StartService () { ConsoleMessage "Starting Synergy" KeepAlive "${run[@]}" & } StopService () { return 0 } RestartService () { return 0 } RunService "$1" And when the error is thrown, the "period" is highlighted on this line . /etc/rc.common Is there something I'm missing here?

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  • Can nusoap return array of string ?

    - by Tim
    Hi all, I would like to return an array of string in my web services I've tryed : <?php require_once('nusoap/nusoap.php'); $server = new soap_server(); $server->configureWSDL('NewsService', 'urn:NewsService'); $server->register('GetAllNews', array(), array('return' => 'xsd:string[]'), 'urn:NewsService', 'urn:NewsService#GetAllNews', 'rpc', 'literal', '' ); // Define the method as a PHP function function GetAllNews() { $stack = array("orange", "banana"); array_push($stack, "apple", "raspberry"); return $stack; } but it doesn't work. What is the correct syntax for that ? Thanks in advance for any help

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  • How to generate complex url like stackoverflow?

    - by Freewind
    I'm using playframework, and I hope to generate complex urls like stackoverflow. For example, I want to generate a question's url: http://aaa.com/questions/123456/How-to-generator-a-complex-url Note the last part, it's the title of the question. But I don't know how to do it. UPDATED In the playframework, we can define routes in conf/routes file, and what I do is: GET /questions/{<\d+>id} Questions.show In this way, when we call @{Questions.show(id)} in views, it will generate: http://aaa.com/questions/123456 But how to let the generated has a title part, is difficult.

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  • Perl: implementing a dispatch table in an OO module?

    - by Iain
    I want to put some subs that are within an OO package into an array - also within the package - to use as a dispatch table. Something like this package Blah::Blah; use fields 'tests'; sub new { my($class )= @_; my $self = fields::new($class); $self->{'tests'} = [ $self->_sub1 ,$self->_sub2 ]; return $self; } _sub1 { ... }; _sub2 { ... }; I'm not entirely sure on the syntax for this? $self->{'tests'} = [ $self->_sub1 ,$self->_sub2 ]; or $self->{'tests'} = [ \&{$self->_sub1} ,\&{$self->_sub2} ]; or $self->{'tests'} = [ \&{_sub1} ,\&{_sub2} ]; I don't seem to be able to get this to work within an OO package, whereas it's quite straightforward in a procedural fashion, and I haven't found any examples for OO. Any help is much appreciated, Iain

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  • ASP.Net ITemplate - how do i get the content inside

    - by Mahes
    i have situation where in i would like to read the content of the ITemplate. for example i have something like <WD:PopUpPanel runat="server" ID="MyPoPUp"> <InitScript> // javascript document.getElementByID('urName').value = 'enter your name'; </InitScript> <Content> Name:<asp:TextBox runat="Server" ID="urName"/> </Content> </WD:PopUpPanel> basically the contents inside the InitScript is some javascript, which i want to use in ScriptManager.RegisterScript. so my question is how do i define InitScript??? i tried public ITemplate InitScript; but this give CompiledTemplateBuilder object, how do i read the content inside InitScript ??? thanks for reading...

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  • Address book with C programming; cannot compile my code.

    - by osabri
    I've divided my code into small programs so it can be easy to excute /* ab_error.c : in case of errors following messages will be displayed */ #include "adressbook.h" static char *errormsg[] = { "", "\nNot enough space on disk", "\nCannot open file", "\nCannot read file", "\nCannot write file" }; void check(int error) { switch(error) { case 0: return; case 1: write_file(); case 2: case 3: case 4: system("cls"); fputs(errormsg[error], stderr); exit(error); } } 2nd /* ab_fileio.c : functions for file input/output */ #include "adressbook.h" static char ab_file[] = "ADRESSBOOK.DAT"; //file to save the entries int read_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *new_e, *last_e = NULL; DATA buffer; if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "rb")) == NULL) return -1; //no file found while (fread(&buffer, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) == 1) //reads one list element after another { if( (new_e = make_element()) == NULL) { error = 1; break; //not enough space } new_e->person = buffer; //copy data to new element new_e->next = NULL; if(hol.first == NULL) //list is empty? hol.first = new_e; //yes else last_e->next = new_e; //no last_e = new_e; ++hol.amount; } if( !error && !feof(fp) ) error = 3; //cannot read file fclose(fp); return error; } /*-------------------------------*/ int write_file(void) { int error = 0; FILE *fp; ELEMENT *p; if( (p = hol.first) == NULL) return 0; //list is empty if( (fp = fopen(ab_file, "wb")) == NULL) return 2; //cannot open while( p!= NULL) { if( fwrite(&p->person, sizeof(DATA), 1, fp) < 1) { error = 4; break; //cannot write } p = p->next; } fclose(fp); return error; } 3rd /* ab_list.c : functions to manipulate the list */ #include "adressbook.h" HOL hol = {0, NULL}; //global definition for head of list /* -------------------- */ ELEMENT *make_element(void) { return (ELEMENT *)malloc( sizeof(ELEMENT) ); } /* -------------------- */ int ins_element( DATA *newdata) { ELEMENT *new_e, *pre_p; if((new_e = make_element()) == NULL) return 1; new_e ->person = *newdata; // copy data to new element pre_p = search(new_e->person.family_name); if(pre_p == NULL) //no person in list { new_e->next = hol.first; //put it to the begin hol.first = new_e; } else { new_e->next = pre_p->next; pre_p->next = new_e; } ++hol.amount; return 0; } int erase_element( char name, char surname ) { return 0; } /* ---------------------*/ ELEMENT *search(char *name) { ELEMENT *sp, *retp; //searchpointer, returnpointer retp = NULL; sp = hol.first; while(sp != NULL && sp->person.family_name != name) { retp = sp; sp = sp->next; } return(retp); } 4th /* ab_screen.c : functions for printing information on screen */ #include "adressbook.h" #include <conio.h> #include <ctype.h> /* standard prompts for in- and output */ static char pgmname[] = "---- Oussama's Adressbook made in splendid C ----"; static char options[] = "\ 1: Enter new adress\n\n\ 2: Delete entry\n\n\ 3: Change entry\n\n\ 4: Print adress\n\n\ Esc: Exit\n\n\n\ Your choice . . .: "; static char prompt[] = "\ Name . . . .:\n\ Surname . . :\n\n\ Street . . .:\n\n\ House number:\n\n\ Postal code :\n\n\ Phone number:"; static char buttons[] = "\ <Esc> = cancel input <Backspace> = correct input\ <Return> = assume"; static char headline[] = "\ Name Surname Street House Postal code Phone number \n\ ------------------------------------------------------------------------"; static char further[] = "\ -------- continue with any key --------"; /* ---------------------------------- */ int menu(void) //show menu and read user input { int c; system ("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); printf("%s", options); while( (c = getch()) != ESC && (c < '1' || c > '4')) putch('\a'); return c; } /* ---------------------------------- */ int print_adr_book(void) //display adressbook { int line = 1; ELEMENT *p = hol.first; system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(2,0); puts(headline); set_cur(5,0); while(p != NULL) //run through list and show entries { printf("%5d %-15s ",line, p->person.family_name); printf("%-12s %-15s ", p->person.given_name, p->person.street); printf("%-4d %-5d %-12d\n",p->person.house_number, p->person.postal_code, p->person.phone); p = p->next; if( p == NULL || ++line %16 == 1) //end of list or screen is full { set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",further); if( getch() == ESC) return 0; set_cur(5,0); scroll_up(0,5,24);//puts(headline); } } return 0; } /* -------------------------------------------*/ int make_entry(void) { char cache[50]; DATA newperson; ELEMENT *p; while(1) { system("cls"); set_cur(0,20); puts(pgmname); set_cur(6,0); puts("Please enter new data:"); set_cur(10,0); puts(prompt); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s",buttons); balken(10, 25, MAXL, ' ',0x70); //input name if(input(newperson.family_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(12,25, MAXL, ' ', 0x70); //surname if(input(newperson.given_name, MAXL, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(14,25, 30, ' ', 0x70); //street if(input(newperson.street, 30, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; balken(16,25, 4, ' ',0x70); //housenumber if(input(cache, 4, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.house_number = atol(cache); //to string balken(18,25, 5, ' ',0x70); //postal code if(input(cache, 5, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.postal_code = atol(cache); //to string balken(20,25, 20, ' ',0x70); //phone number if(input(cache, 20, ESC, CR) == ESC) return 0; newperson.phone = atol(cache); //to string p = search(newperson.phone); if( p!= NULL && p->person.phone == newperson.phone) { set_cur(22,25); puts("phonenumber already exists!"); set_cur(24,0); printf("%s, further"); getch(); continue; } } } 5th /* adress_book_project.c : main program to create an adressbook */ /* copyrights by Oussama Sabri, June 2010 */ #include "adressbook.h" //project header file int main() { int rv, cmd; //return value, user command if ( (rv = read_file() ) == -1) // no data saved yet rv = make_entry(); check(rv); //prompts an error and quits program on disfunction do { switch (cmd = menu())//calls menu and gets user input back { case '1': rv = make_entry(); break; case '2': //delete entry case '3': //changes entry rv = change_entry(cmd); break; case '4': //prints adressbook on screen rv = print_adr_book(); break; case ESC: //end of program system ("cls"); rv = 0; break; } }while(cmd!= ESC); check ( write_file() ); //save adressbook return 0; } 6th /* Getcb.c --> Die Funktion getcb() liefert die naechste * * Tastatureingabe (ruft den BIOS-INT 0x16 auf). * * Return-Wert: * * ASCII-Code bzw. erweiterter Code + 256 */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> int getcb(void) { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 0; // Subfunktion 0: ein Zeichen // von der Tastatur lesen. int86( 0x16, &intregs, &intregs); if( intregs.h.al != 0) // Falls ASCII-Zeichen, return (intregs.h.al); // dieses zurueckgeben. else // Sonst den erweiterten return (intregs.h.ah + 0x100); // Code + 256 } 7th /* PUTCB.C --> enthaelt die Funktionen * * - putcb() * * - putcb9() * * - balken() * * - input() * * * * Es werden die Funktionen 9 und 14 des Video-Interrupts * * (ROM-BIOS-Interrupt 0x10) verwendet. * * * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen stehen in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb(c) gibt das Zeichen auf der aktuellen Cursor-Position * am Bildschirm aus. Der Cursor wird versetzt. * Steuerzeichen Back-Space, CR, LF und BELL werden * ausgefuehrt. * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb(unsigned char c) /* Gibt das Zeichen in c auf */ { /* den Bildschirm aus. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 14; /* Subfunktion 14 ("Teletype") */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.h.bl = 0xf; /* Vordergrund-Farbe im */ /* Grafik-Modus. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * putcb9(c,count,mode) gibt das Zeichen in c count-mal im * angegebenen Modus auf der aktuellen * Cursor-Position am Bildschirm aus. * Der Cursor wird nicht versetzt. * * Return-Wert: keiner */ void putcb9( unsigned char c, /* das Zeichen */ unsigned count, /* die Anzahl */ unsigned mode ) /* Low-Byte: das Atrribut */ { /* High-Byte: die Bildschirmseite*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 9; /* Subfunktion 9 des Int 0x10 */ intregs.h.al = c; intregs.x.bx = mode; intregs.x.cx = count; int86( VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * balken() positioniert den Cursor und zeichnet einen Balken, * wobei Position, L„nge, Fllzeichen und Attribut * als Argumente bergeben werden. * Der Cursor bleibt auf der ersten Position im Balken. */ void balken( unsigned int zeile, /* Start-Position */ unsigned int spalte, unsigned int laenge, /* Laenge des Balkens */ unsigned char c, /* Fuellzeichen */ unsigned int modus) /* Low-Byte: Attribut */ /* High-Byte: Bildschirmseite */ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; /* Cursor auf der angegebenen */ intregs.h.dh = zeile; /* Bildschirmseite versetzen. */ intregs.h.dl = spalte; intregs.h.bh = (modus >> 8); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); putcb9(c, laenge, modus); /* Balken ausgeben. */ } /*---------------------------------------------------------------- * input() liest Zeichen von der Tastatur ein und haengt '\0' an. * Mit Backspace kann die Eingabe geloescht werden. * Das Attribut am Bildschirm bleibt erhalten. * * Argumente: 1. Zeiger auf den Eingabepuffer. * 2. Anzahl maximal einzulesender Zeichen. * 3. Die optionalen Argumente: Zeichen, mit denen die * Eingabe abgebrochen werden kann. * Diese Liste muá mit CR = '\r' enden! * Return-Wert: Das Zeichen, mit dem die Eingabe abgebrochen wurde. */ #include <stdarg.h> int getcb( void); /* Zum Lesen der Tastatur */ int input(char *puffer, int max,... ) { int c; /* aktuelles Zeichen */ int breakc; /* Abruchzeichen */ int nc = 0; /* Anzahl eingelesener Zeichen */ va_list argp; /* Zeiger auf die weiteren Arumente */ while(1) { *puffer = '\0'; va_start(argp, max); /* argp initialisieren */ c = getcb(); do /* Mit Zeichen der Abbruchliste vergleichen */ if(c == (breakc = va_arg(argp,int)) ) return(breakc); while( breakc != '\r' ); va_end( argp); if( c == '\b' && nc > 0) /* Backspace? */ { --nc; --puffer; putcb(c); putcb(' '); putcb(c); } else if( c >= 32 && c <= 255 && nc < max ) { ++nc; *puffer++ = c; putcb(c); } else if( nc == max) putcb('\7'); /* Ton ausgeben */ } } 8th /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* Video.c --> Enthaelt die Funktionen * cls(), * scroll_up(), scroll_down(), * set_cur(), get_cur(), * set_screen_page(), get_screen_page() * * Die Prototypen dieser Funktionen befinden sich in BIO.H */ /* Hinweis: Es muss ein DOS-Compiler verwendet werden. * * (z.B. der GNU-Compiler fuer DOS auf der CD) */ #include <dos.h> #include "bio.h" #define VIDEO_INT 0x10 typedef unsigned char BYTE; void scroll_up( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster hoch rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x600 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 6, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void scroll_down( int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile) { /* Fenster runter rollen. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x700 + anzahl; /* Subfunktion AH = 7, */ /* AL = Anzahl Zeilen. */ intregs.x.cx = anf_zeile << 8; /* CH=anf_zeile, cl=0 */ intregs.x.dx = (end_zeile <<8) | 79; /* DH=end_zeile,DL=79 */ intregs.h.bh = 7; /* normales Attribut */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void set_cur( int zeile, int spalte) /* versetzt den Cursor */ { /* der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 2; intregs.h.dh = (BYTE)zeile; intregs.h.dl = (BYTE)spalte; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte) /* holt die Cursor- */ { /* Position der aktuellen Bildschirmseite.*/ union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 3; intregs.h.bh = (BYTE)get_screen_page(); int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); *zeile = (unsigned)intregs.h.dh; *spalte = (unsigned)intregs.h.dl; } void cls(void) { scroll_up(0,0,24); /* Gesamten Bildschirm loeschen. */ set_cur(0,0); /* Cursor in Home-Position. */ } int get_screen_page(void) /* Aktuelle Bildschirmseite holen.*/ { union REGS intregs; intregs.h.ah = 15; /* Subfunktion AH = 15: */ /* Bildschirm-Modus feststellen. */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); return (intregs.h.bh); } void set_screen_page(int seite) /* setzt die aktive Seite des */ { /* Bildschirmpuffers auf die */ /* angegebene Seite. */ union REGS intregs; intregs.x.ax = 0x500 + seite; /* Subfunktion AH = 5 */ int86(VIDEO_INT, &intregs, &intregs); } /* ------------------------------------------------------------- Ein kleines Testprogramm : */ /* #include <stdio.h> int main() { cls(); set_cur(23, 0); printf("Weiter mit <Return>\n"); set_cur(12, 20); printf("Ein Test!\n"); getchar(); scroll_up(3, 5, 20); getchar(); scroll_down(6, 5, 20); getchar(); set_screen_page(1); printf("\nAuf der 2. Seite !\n"); getchar(); set_screen_page(0); set_cur(0,0); printf("\nWieder auf der 1. Seite !\n"); getchar(); cls(); return 0; } */ /* BIO.H --> Enthaelt die Prototypen der BIOS-Funktionen. */ /* --- Funktionen in VIDEO.C --- */ extern void scroll_up(int anzahl, int anf_zeile,int end_zeile); extern void scroll_down(int anzahl, int anf_zeile, int end_zeile); extern void set_cur(int zeile, int spalte); extern void get_cur(int *zeile, int *spalte); extern void cls(void); extern int get_screen_page(void); extern void set_screen_page(int page); /* --- Funktionen in GETCB.C / PUTCB.C --- */ extern int getcb(void); extern void putcb(int c); extern void putcb9(int c, unsigned count, unsigned modus); extern void balken(int zeile, int spalte, int laenge, int c, unsigned modus); extern int input(char *puffer, int max,... ); need your help, can't find my mistakes:((

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  • Static Member Variables of the Same Class in C++

    - by helixed
    I'm trying to create a class which contains a static pointer to an instance of itself. Here's an example: A.h: #include <iostream> #ifndef _A_H #define _A_H class A { static A * a; }; A * a = NULL; #endif However, when I include A.h in another file, such as: #include "A.h" class B { }; I get the following error: ld: duplicate symbol _a in /Users/helixed/Desktop/Example/build/Example.build/Debug/Example.build/Objects-normal/x86_64/B.o and /Users/helixed/Desktop/Example/build/Example.build/Debug/Examplebuild/Objects-normal/x86_64/A.o I'm using the Xcode default compiler on Mac OS X Snow Leopard. Thanks, helixed

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