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• MPlayer refuses to generate mono wav file

  - by JCCyC

  I want to downsample an existing audio file to 8KHz mono. This command line downsamples it to stereo: mplayer -quiet -vo null -vc dummy -af volume=0,resample=8000:0:1 -ao pcm:waveheader:file="/tmp/blah1.wav" ~/from_my_cellphone.3ga It generates a file that the file utility identifies as stereo: $ file /tmp/blah1.wav /tmp/blah1.wav: RIFF (little-endian) data, WAVE audio, Microsoft PCM, 16 bit, stereo 8000 Hz Now, if I read the documentation correctly, I should add pan=1:0.5:0.5 so I get a file that's half the size: mplayer -quiet -vo null -vc dummy -af volume=0,resample=8000:0:1:pan=1:0.5:0.5 -ao pcm:waveheader:file="/tmp/blah2.wav" ~/from_my_cellphone.3ga But it doesn't! blah2.wav is identical to blah1.wav! What am I doing wrong?

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• GRUB2 UEFI booting from LVM on RAID (with XEN)

  - by pavian

  I'm experimenting with booting root fs from LVM volume inside the raid (mdraid superblock 1.x) via UEFI with GRUB2. Also I'm using Xen hypervisor. From grub command line I can see my lvm volume (ls command) but I got kernel panic due to "unable to mount root fs". I saw a note in this article telling it's probably impossible to boot root fs from raid via UEFI, but I don't understand the reason why not. Is it possible to boot linux with this configuration without the initramfs (which I don't won't to use)?

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• How to interpret IOZone results?

  - by homer5439

  Here are the resuts of running IOZone on an ext3 filesystem on an LVM volume residing on a SAN LUN (it was ran with 5 parallel processes). "Throughput report Y-axis is type of test X-axis is number of processes" "Record size = 4 Kbytes " "Output is in Kbytes/sec" " Initial write " 81628.55 " Rewrite " 83354.72 " Read " 115595.02 " Re-read " 119306.09 " Reverse Read " 47684.20 " Stride read " 10011.09 " Random read " 16751.27 " Mixed workload " 5659.77 " Random write " 1661.85 " Pwrite " 36030.83 Now this is all nice and dandy, but my question is: how do I know whether the values are as good as they could be or there is something to tweak (and if so, what?) The actual usage I will have for that Logical Volume is to act as virtual disk for a VM.

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• LXC, Port forwarding and iptables

  - by Roberto Aloi

  I have a LXC container (10.0.3.2) running on a host. A service is running inside the container on port 7000. From the host (10.0.3.1, lxcbr0), I can reach the service: $ telnet 10.0.3.2 7000 Trying 10.0.3.2... Connected to 10.0.3.2. Escape character is '^]'. I'd love to make the service running inside the container accessible to the outer world. Therefore, I want to forward port 7002 on the host to port 7000 on the container: iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 7002 -j DNAT --to 10.0.3.2:7000 Which results in (iptables -t nat -L): DNAT tcp -- anywhere anywhere tcp dpt:afs3-prserver to:10.0.3.2:7000 Still, I cannot access the service from the host using the forwarded port: $ telnet 10.0.3.1 7002 Trying 10.0.3.1... telnet: Unable to connect to remote host: Connection refused I feel like I'm missing something stupid here. What things should I check? What's a good strategy to debug these situations? For completeness, here is how iptables are set on the host: iptables -F iptables -F -t nat iptables -F -t mangle iptables -X iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P FORWARD ACCEPT iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -p icmp --icmp-type echo-request -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state RELATED,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o lxcbr0 -j MASQUERADE iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 7002 -j DNAT --to 10.0.3.2:7000

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• Should use EXT4 or XFS to be able to 'sync'/backup to S3?

  - by Rafa

  It's my first message here, so bear with me... (I have already checked quite a few of the "Related Questions" suggested by the editor) Here's the setup, a brand new dedicated server (8GB RAM, some 140+ GB disk, Raid 1 via HW controller, 15000 RPM) it's a production web server (with MySQL in it, too, not just serving web requests); not a personal desktop computer or similar. Ubuntu Server 64bit 10.04 LTS We have an Amazon EC2+EBS setup with the EBS volume formatted as XFS for easily taking snapshots to S3, via AWS' console. We are now migrating to the dedicated server and I want to be able to backup our data to Amazon's S3. The main reason being the possibility of using the latest snapshot from an EC2 instance in case of hardware failure on the dedicated server. There are two approaches I am thinking of: do a "simple" file-based backup with rsync, dumping the database' and other files, and uploading to amazon via S3 API commands, or to an EC2 instance, or something. do a file-system "freeze" (using XFS) with the usual ebs/ec2 snapshot tool to take part of the file system, take a snapshot, and upload it to Amazon. Here's my question (or series of questions): Can I safely use XFS for the whole system as the main and only format on the dedicated server? If not, is it safe to use EXT4? Or should I use something else? would then be possible to make snapshots of the system to upload to Amazon? Is it possible/feasible/practical to do what I want to do, anyway? any recommendations? When searching around for S3/EBS/XFS, anything relevant to my problem is usually focused on taking snapshots of a XFS system that is already an EBS volume. My intention is to do it in a "real"/metal dedicated server. Update: I just saw this on Wikipedia: XFS does not provide direct support for snapshots, as it expects the snapshot process to be implemented by the volume manager. I had always assumed that I could choose 2 ways of doing snapshots: via LVM or via XFS (without LVM). After reading this, I realize these 2 options are more like it: With XFS: 1) do xfs_freeze; 2) copy the frozen files via, eg, rsync; 3) unfreeze xfs With LVM and XFS: 1) do xfs_freeze; 2) make a binary copy of the frozen fs via lvcreate and related commands; 3) unfreeze xfs; 4) somehow backup the LVM snapshot. Thanks a lot in advance, Let me know if I need to clarify something.

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• Creating security permissions for a non-domain-member user in Windows Server 2008

  - by Overhed

  Hello everyone, I apologize in advance for incorrect use of terminology, as I'm not an IT person by trade. I'm doing some remote work via a VPN for a client and I need to add some DCOM Service security permissions for my remote user. Even though I'm on the VPN, the request for access to the DCOM service is using my PCs native user (and since I'm running Vista Home Premium it looks something like: PC-NAME\Username). The request for access comes back with access denied and I can not add this user to the security permissions as it "is not from a domain listed in the Select Location dialog box, and is therefore not valid". I'm pretty stuck and have no clue what kind of steps I need to do here. Any help would be appreciated, thanks in advance. EDIT: I have no control over what credentials are being passed in to the server by my computer. This scenario is occurring in an installation wizard that has a section which requests you point it to the machine running the "server" version of the software I'm installing (it then tries to invoke the relevant COM service, but my user does not have "Remove Activation Permissions" on that service, so I get request denied).

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• Disk Utility Restore causes "Could not validate resource - Invalid Argument"

  - by Yahoo

  I have a problem with Disk Utility on Mac OS X 10.6. I have an image of Windows that I would like to use as a bootable volume on a pen drive or external hard drive. The thing is: When I try to restore the volume from the image I get an error: "Restore Failure: Could not validate resource - Invalid Argument" I read some information about that error on the Internet. I converted the image into .iso (Mac OS Extended/ISO (Joliet) Hybrid Image) format and then got this error: "Restore Failure: Could not find any scan information. The source image needs to be imagescanned before it can be restored." When I try to scan the image for Restore, I get the first message. I really read a lot of information about this topic on the Internet, but I haven't found the solution. I tried both ISO and DMG formats; I don't know which is best.

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• Time Machine (archive) of pre-Leopard systems?

  - by benc

  I want to get off an older Mac OS X system permanently. It is an iBook G3, so that has two important characteristics: Power PC, not Intel based. Runs only Tiger, not Leopard. This means, as far as I can tell: Cannot run Time Machine directly. Here's the approach I have been contemplating: Mount the drive in Firewire mode. Back up the drive as a external drive to the Time Machine volume. Disconnect the drive (permanently). However, I'm concerned that this drive will eventually age out, when the Time Machine volume fills up, and the old-system-as-external-drive is gone. Would it be better to do a single backup with another utility, to shared disk?

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• Samba share will not connect (was working yesterday)

  - by David Gard

  I have a CentOS websver with a Samba share set up (\\webserver\websites). I was connected to this share just yesterday without issue, but today my Windows 8 PC will not connect to it. I've also tried making a connection from Windows 7 and Windows XP, all without success. I initially tried restarting my computer, but that did not work. I then tried restarting the Samba service on the webserver (service smb restart), and when that failed I restarted the webserver. All of that was to no avail, and I still cannot connect to the share. The webserver is contactable from my PC (and the others I tried), as the websites it hosts work fine and I'm able to Putty to the server. When connected to the webserver, I can see that Samba is running by using service smb status - service smb status smbd (pid 4685) is running... nmbd (pid 4688) is running... Can anyone please help me to get this share working? Here is my full Samba config (/etc/samba/smb.conf) - [global] workgroup = MYGROUP server string = Samba Server %v log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 security = user encrypt passwords = yes socket options = TCP_NODELAY SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 local master = no [websites] comment = Websites browseable = yes writable = yes path=/var/www/html/ valid users = dgard

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• Is it secure to store the cert/key on a private AMI?

  - by Phillip Oldham

  Are there any major security implications to bundling a private AMI which contains the private key/certificate & environment variables? For resiliency I'm creating an EC2 image which should be able to boot and configure itself without any intervention. After boot it will attempt to: Attach & mount specific EBS volume(s) Associate a specific Elastic IP Start issuing backups of the EBS volume(s) to S3 However, to do this it will need the private key/pem files and will need certain environment variables to be available on start-up. Since this is a private AMI I'm wondering if it will be "safe" to store these variables/files directly in the image so that I don't need to specify any user-data information and can therefore start a new instance remotely (from my iPhone, if needed) should the instance be terminated for any reason.

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• Forgot to unmount/eject external hard drive, lost moved files. Mac OS X

  - by balupton

  So I was using my Mac with my external hard drive connected via USB. I moved about 10 GB of data to it (via drag and drop while holding down the Command key to move the files rather than to copy them). They moved to the drive all right, but as I was having some issues and the Finder crashed after the transfer, I was unable to eject the volume and later everything froze so I had to do a hard restart (hold the power button). When I remounted the volume (plugged the external hard drive back in) it no longer had any of the files which I moved onto it. As it was a lot of data, how can I recover these files?

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• Handling emails on a web server - Making sure the FQDN is set correctly based on the website sending the email

  - by webnoob

  I have a Windows 2008 Web Edition server hosting multiple websites using IIS 7.5. At the moment, all the emails are sent via the IIS6 SMTP service. The FQDN of the SMTP service is set to the computer name at the moment which isn't correct as it doesn't resolve to a valid DNS entry and is not RFC compliant. Some questions: Is there any way I can change the FQDN of the SMTP service based on the site sending the email? Would it be Ok to just setup mailserver.mydomain.com and use that as the FQDN for all the sites on multiple domains. Should I be using some other mail server software to handle this better? The reason I am asking is lots of emails are hitting spam folders because the settings are incorrect. I have access to the code that is running the websites so if something needs to be done there then that shouldn't be a problem. The sites are written using ASP.NET 2.0. EDIT: I have just found an option to create an SMTP virtual service. Would this be the way forward? Create a virtual server for each site? Thanks.

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• Uninstallation of WSUS form SBS 2008

  - by Logik

  I am not much experienced system admin, but i came across the client who was having SBS 2008. The server was running out of HDD space. So to recover some, I removed its WSUS role (twas not needed).this removed WSUS 3.0 SP1 & freed a lot of space. This SBS is: Domian controller, DNS, DHCP, File server. After i removed WSUS i disabled windows update service & i rebooted serer & checked from one of client if the shared folders are accessible. they were. Next day all of sudden i got call from them saying they can't login into their domain. I looked into server, the Active directory service was stopped. I never remember touching any service other than windows update. How come AD service stopped running all of sudden. Is removing WSUS have such impact? I am not aware of any such thing.

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• Using Computer name in URL causes issues when connecting to Web Services

  - by AWinters

  The set of applications I work on all access the same 8 or so web services that we have. These services and applications all reside on the same box and all use the computer name when trying to connect to the web service. For Example: If I have a web service called MapDataService and I have an application that accesses it, it would access it by the URL: http://COMPUTERNAME/MapDataService/MapDataService.asmx. This works in most of the applications that access the web service. However, we have several applications that, when using the computer name in the URL, will not get data returned from the service (actually a 503 is returned). In order to get it to work, the IP address of the system needs to be used in place of the COMPUTERNAME. This strikes me as very odd considering, as I mentioned before, all applications and services are on the same box and most other applications usr the COMPUTERNAME with no issues. Can someone give me some insight as to what could be causing this? We have no access to IIS logs and what logs we did get (this is on a customer site) are not very useful.

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• Should I run my own MTA?

  - by Mascarpone

  I need to send a large volume of emails, roughly 60.000 per week. At the moment we outsource this service to a third party, and we expect to double our volume within the next 6 months. Since the service is starting to be too expensive, I was thinking about setting up our own MTA. Our own SysAdmin told us it is not difficult at all to have our own MTA, but I'm afraid he might have oversimplified this. Is it difficult to handle a MTA? Should I be afraid that my MTA will lose the company mails? Should I stay with a third party service? p.s: The emails have been collected respecting the local legislation on privacy, so no spam.

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• How does voltage fluctuation affect a laptop

  - by user45535

  I own an Acer Aspire 3680. In the past 2 years, I have given, my laptop for service due to the same kind of problem. Last year at the same time, I gave my laptop to the service center. They repaired it and I managed to ask them this question: Why does this problem happen. How can I prevent it? They said, that due to voltage fluctuations, something has gone wrong in your laptop. They actually were hesistant in mentioning as to which part they changed/repaired. Now recently the same problem happened and again I gave it to a service center to get it repaired and they also said, this is caused due to voltage fluctuation. My Question is: Due to Voltage fluctuation which part of the laptop can get affected. How can I prevent this from happening. Laptop Symptoms before I gave to service: When I plug in the adapter for charging the Green Light blinks and the laptop doesn't turn on. Neither does the charging indicator indicates the light, while charging.

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• What happens when I delete the first of several AWS EBS snapshots?

  - by Jepper

  On http://aws.amazon.com/ebs/pricing/ it says: "EBS Snapshots [...] For the first snapshot of a volume, Amazon EBS saves a full copy of your data to Amazon S3. For each incremental snapshot, only the changed part of your Amazon EBS volume is saved." I intend to snapshot some of my instances daily and keep snapshots for 7 days after which the snapshots are destroyed. What happens when, eventually, I destroy the first snapshot? Will the subsequent snapshots be worthless given the first is no longer available?

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• How do I restore the default applets to Gnome's notification area?

  - by gbacon

  I have a fresh install of Karmic Koala. In a botched attempt at trying to change my default window manager, I somehow removed at least three applets from the notification area: network manager (nm-applet), volume control (gnome-volume-control-applet), and the battery meter (???). Now if I logout and back in, these applets don't run, but I can start them from the command line. Because it's a fresh install, I completely removed my luser account and home directory. After recreating my account, I was frustrated to find that the applets are still missing and no obvious way to add them back. How can I restore the default configuration?

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• How to determine non-movable files in Windows 7?

  - by David

  Is there a way to determine which unmovable files are preventing Shrink Volume from releasing the full potential free space? Background: I have a 90 GB partition with Windows 7 on it, and 60 GB free space. I want to shrink it down to about 40 GB, and use the reclaimed 50 GB for a separate data partition. The Shrink Volume tool in Disk Management is only willing to give me 8 GB back. My understanding is that this is because of immovable files. I've followed the instructions found here, which involved disabling hibernation, pagefile, system restore, kernal dump, making sure all related files were deleted, and defrag'ing. I have successfully followed those same instructions before on this same drive, and partitoned the original 150 GB space into 90 GB and 60 GB, but I'm not so lucky this time.

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• Apache LDAP with local groups

  - by Greg Ogle

  I have a server that currently uses htpasswd to authenticate users. I'm migrating to using LDAP, but my LDAP server is only for user authentication, not allowing me to add groups. I still need to use groups as they are used for access control via the Apache Directory tags in my configuration. The alternative is to revisit the access control altogether, using php or something of the sort to limit access. this works for 'basic' authentication <Directory /misc/www/html/site> #LDAP & other config stuff irrelevant to issue Require ldap-group cn=<service>,ou=Groups,dc=<service>,dc=<org>,dc=com </Directory> attempted <Directory /misc/www/html/site> #LDAP & other config stuff irrelevant to issue #groups file from previous configuration using htpasswd #tried to tweak to match new user format, but I don't think it looks up in here AuthGroupFile /misc/www/htpasswd/groups #added the group, which is how it works when using htpasswd Require ldap-group cn=<service>,ou=Groups,dc=<service>,dc=<org>,dc=com group xyz </Directory>

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• Is it possible to record a screen-video from a VNC server?

  - by nikie

  I have a computer that's running VNC server. I would like to record a video of what's going on on this computer, if possible without installing additional software on that computer. Is there a program that can connect to the VNC server port and instead of displaying the screen save it to an (e.g. AVI) video file? Background: One of our customers sometimes has problems with the software he bought from us when he's performing a complex procedure. To help him, we offered that someone (a service technician or programmer) watches what he's doing during that procedure to find out if he's doing something wrong or if there's a bug in the software. Currently, this is done live via VNC. That has a few disadvantages: The service technician has to be in the office at the time. As the customers are in different time zones, that can be in the middle of the night. If the service technician forgets something or doesn't notice something, it's lost. There's no way to see what happened again. Only a single computer can be watched by one service technician at a time. I know I could install normal screen-grab software on the computer, but we're talking about an embedded system with limited RAM, CPU, HDD space, so installing something new is not an easy decision. And VNC is already there. I could of course open a VNC client on some office PC and capture that PC's screen, but I can only record one remote computer that way. I often have to watch up to 8 screens in parallel. (And I don't think that screen-grabbing VNC would improve image quality, either.)

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• Force ID of user created by apt-get

  - by Bart van Heukelom

  Context: I'm automatically installing postgresql-9.1 on an Ubuntu server with apt-get. This creates the required postgres user. The Postgres data is on an external volume that survives reinstalls. This data is obviously owned by the postgres user. The problem I'm having is that the ownership is not recorded under the name postgres, but under the UID that postgres had at creation time. When the server is reinstalled, postgres sometimes gets a different UID, and no longer owns the data directory, and thus does not work. Question: Can I force the UID of the user postgres created by apt-get to something fixed? Or is there another way to solve my problem? (As you may have deduced, this is on Amazon EC2 with the data on an EBS volume)

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• How to permanently disable Firefox Flash plugin sound in Win 7 now that plugin-container.exe is here

  - by Subuser

  I want Flash to play without sound on my machine, and I want that preference to stick so that new sessions don't surprise me with sound. Using FlashBlock while trying to remember to disable sound every time a flash window is started doesn't do the trick for me -- it's too difficult to remember to check the mute status before and after playing videos. Previously, using Win 7 and Firefox, one could selectively disable sound from Flash plugins using the method described in this question. Older methods of disabling it included the plugin called FlashMute. FlashMute fails me even when this trick has been employed, and the volume method described in the previous question only works for the currently live session, resetting sound to maximum volume whenever the plugin container is restarted. What is the best way to disable Flash sound?

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• Do you lose everything when you have a hard disk failure in a multi-hard disk LVM that does NOT use RAID?

  - by user72630

  I'm debating about using LVM for a media/file server because I would like to combine multiple physical hard disks into one volume. I do not wish to use any RAID in my LVM so my question is: If one of the multiple hard disks in my volume were to go down would I lose all my data or would I just lose the data that was stored on that individual disk? Also, if I were to just lose the data on the individual disk, would it be as simple as replacing that disk and restoring what was on it from a backup to recover? Thanks everyone.

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• Why has my Mac been running fsck_hfs for two days now?

  - by Nate

  I first noticed that fsck_hfs was running, taking up 50-75% of a CPU, yesterday. It continues to run today. ps shows that it is doing /sbin/fsck_hfs -f -n -x -E /dev/disk3. Only problem: I don’t think I have a /dev/disk3. Why is it running? Will it ever finish? Can I kill it? What is /dev/disk3? Could it be my Time Machine volume, which is not mounted at the moment? System Info: MacBook Pro (2008). It has two disks installed—the internal disk (/dev/disk1) and a PC Card SSD (/dev/disk0, surprisingly). It connects to a remote Time Machine volume attached to an Airport Extreme base station.

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