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• Is Unix not a PC Operating System?

  - by Corelgott

  I am doing my Bachelor at a university. In a written assignment the professor posted the task: "Name 3 PC-Operating Systems". Well, I went on an included a variety of OS (Linux, Windows, OSx) including Unix & Solaris. Today I recieved a mail from my prof saying: Unix is not a PC-Operating System. Many Unix-variants are not PC-hardware compatible (like AIX & HP-UX. About Solaris: there was one PC-compatible version...) I am kind of suprised: Even if may Unix-variants are Power-PC and different bit-order – Those don't stop being PCs now, right? The question was given in a written assigment! It was not a question that came up during lecture! Due to the original task being in German, I'll include it just to make sure nobody suspects an error in the translation. Frage: Nennen Sie 3 PC-Betriebssysteme. Antwort: Unix ist kein PC-Betriebssystem, viele Unix-Varianten sind nicht auf PC-Hardware lauffähig (AIX, HP-UX). Von Solaris gab es mal eine PC-Variante.

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• Managing per-user rc.d init scripts

  - by Steve Schnepp

  I want to delegate SysV init scripts to each user. Like the SysV init, each item in ${HOME}/rc.d starting with S will be launched on server start-up with the start argument. The same for the server shut-down with the one starting with K and with the stop argument. I thought about scripting it myself, but maybe there is already some kind of implementation out there1. In summary it would be a script in /etc/init.d/ that iterates through all the users and launches runparts as the user on the relevant scripts. The platform here is a Linux (Debian flavour), but I think the solution would be quite portable among various Unix-like platforms. Update: The point here is for users to be able to create their own init scripts that should be launch on their behalf when the system boots up. As Dan Carley pointed out, the services won't be able to access any system asset (priviledged ports, system logs, ...). 1. This way I don't have to think that much about all the subtle security implications such as script timeouts for example...

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• Write Fedora.iso to USB and boot it from a Macbook

  - by MTilsted

  I have an .iso image of the full Fedora 16 install (Downloaded from http://fedoraproject.org/en/get-fedora-options#formats as "Fedora 16 DVD") and the question now is: How do I write it on a USB stick, so I can install it on my Mac book? I tried using DD as the install guide said, and that gave me a USB stick which can boot from my PC. But it can't boot from the Mac (The Mac start menu don't show it as a boot option). Edit: I downloaded a live install image, and did this (SSD is my USB 4GB thing) /sbin/mkdosfs -F 32 -n usbdisk /dev/dev/sdd1 sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora-16-i686-Live-KDE.iso /dev/sdd1 And this produced an image which can boot on my pc but not on my mac. This seems to indicate that the --efi is not working, because if it really was EFI it would not boot on a normal pc, would it? I then tried this: (Difference being that I write the image directory to /dev/sdd instead of /dev/sdd1) but this still will not boot on the Mac (it newer shows up at the startup screen on the Mac). sudo livecd-iso-to-disk --format --reset-mbr --efi /tmp/download/Fedora- PS: My host Linux is Fedora 13.

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• LVM and cloning HDs

  - by jcea

  Using Linux, I have several backup levels. One of them is a periodical sector by sector copy (using dd) of my laptop harddisk to an external USB disk. Yes, I have other backups too, like remote rsync. This approach (the disk dd) is OK when cloning a HDD with no LVM volumes, since I can plug the external disk anytime and mount the partitions simply mounting /dev/sdb* instead of /dev/sda*. Trivial and handy. Today I moved ALL my harddisk (including the /boot) to LVM. Everything works fine. I will stress it for a couple of days, and then I will do a sector by sector copy to my external harddisk. Now I have a problem, I guess. If in the future I plug the external USB HDD to recover any file, the OS will detect a duplicate LVM configuration, with the same name and the same UUID. Even doing a vgrename (which LVM would be renamed, the internal HDD or the external HDD?), the cloned UUID will not change. Is there any command to change name and UUID? Ideally I would clone the HDD and then change the LVM group name and its UUID, but I don't know how to do it. Another related issue would be... In the past I have booted my laptop using the external disk, using the BIOS boot menu and changing GRUB entries manually to boot from /dev/sdb instead of /dev/sda. But now my current GRUB configuration boots directly from a LVM logical volume, something like: set root='(LVM-root)' in my grub.cfg. So... What is going to happen with duplicated volumes? Any suggestion? I guess I could repartition my external harddisk and change backup strategy from dd to rsync, but this disk has windows installed too, and I really would like to have a physical "real" copy.

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• Multimaster Keepalived Configuration (Virtual IP with Load Balancing)

  - by Rad Akefirad

  Here are requirements: 1. High Availability 2. Load Balancing First configuration 1. Two linux servers have been configured with one static IP for each: 10.17.243.11, 10.17.243.12 2. Keepalived has been installed and configured with one VRRP instance to provide one virtual IP (10.17.243.10 as VIP, 10.17.243.11 as master and 10.17.243.12 as backup). 3. Everything works fine. The VIP is assigned to the master server (10.17.243.11) as long as it is up and running. As soon as it goes down, the VIP will be assigned to the backup server (10.17.243.12). 4. The problem here is all communication goes to the master server. Second configuration 1. I found active-active configuration for Keepalived which is possible by defining more than one VRRP instance. So that both server have two IPs (real 10.17.243.11 and virtual 10.17.243.10 for server #1 and real 10.17.243.12 and virtual 10.17.243.20 for server #2. 2. Everything works fine. we have two VIPs which are accessible (HA). But all communication coming to each IP still goes to one single machine (either server #1 or #2 depending on the IP). However I found some tricks on the DNS to overcome this limitation. But it's not acceptable in our case. Question: Is there any way to have one virtual IP which is assigned to both servers? By that I mean both servers are handling some part of workload (like the thing we do in web server load balancing)? By using either keepalived or some other tools? Thanks in advance.

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• Can any postfix guru assist me determine how emails are still being sent via my server from unauthorized sources?

  - by Dave

  Hi all, I'm getting a little concerned as I run a small server hosting a number of websites and manage the email for a few dozen people. Just recently though I've had a couple of notifications from spamcop alerting me that spam has been sent from my server, and when I have a look over the logs from time to time I can indeed see that there are many repeated attempts of mail being sent from my server. Most of the time it gets knocked back from the destination servers but sometimes its getting through. Unfortunately I'm not linux or postfix expert, I can get by but had though I had my machine locked down quite securely, I don't allow relaying, when I check the online DNS/MX tools they tend to report my server as being OK so I'm not sure where to take it now and hoping someone might be able to throw me a few pointers. I get lots of entries like this in my MAIL.INFO log Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 66B88257C12F: from=<>, size=3116, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jan 2 08:39:34 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/qmgr[15993]: 614C2257C1BC: from=<[email protected]>, size=2490, nrcpt=3 (queue active) and Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6471]: 0A316257C204: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384387, delays=384384/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) Jan 7 16:09:37 Debian-50-lenny-64-LAMP postfix/error[6470]: 5848C257C20D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=384373, delays=384370/3/0/0.01, dsn=4.0.0, status=deferred (delivery temporarily suspended: host mx.fakemx.net[46.4.35.23] refused to talk to me: 421 mx.fakemx.net Service Unavailable) then there tends to be connection timeouts, so from what I see even though I had relaying disabled.. something is getting by and trying to send.. So if you can help that will be greatly appreciated, and any further logging/config info I can supply. Thanks

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• management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit

  - by paolo

  management network to a network port for additional ones munin and monit I want to build a separate Netzwek for server management. I have several network cards a linux / debian / ubuntu with computer. Set both network cards sin in the /etc/network/interfaces. # The primary network interface #allow-hotplug eth0 #iface eth0 inet dhcp auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 10.0.0.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.0.0 brodacast 10.0.0.255 gateway 10.0.0.254 auto eth1 iface eth1 inet static address 10.0.10.240 netmast 255.255.255.0 network 10.0.10.0 brodacast 10.0.10.255 post-up ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 dev eth0 src 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.0.254 table eth0-WAN post-up ip route add 10.0.10.0/24 dev eth1 src 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN post-up ip route add default via 10.0.10.200 table eth1-LAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.0.240 table eth0-WAN post-up ip rule add from 10.0.10.240 table eth1-LAN still i adjusted / etc/iproute2/rt_tables and following routes set up in the /etc/network/interfaces I want to have both applications and the network interface separately as munin and monit only on eth1 and not have to eth0. it goes to the reboot but sometimes not always. # Traceroute-i eth1 10.0.10.200 not go what am I doing wrong?

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• CentOS Latency High Troubleshooting

  - by Sarah Weinberger

  I have two CentOS servers connected via a 10 Gb fiber optic cable with a network emulator connected between them. All three units sit on a desk in the lab. There is also a regular 1 Gbit Ethernet cable connected to each of the machines, which provide internet connectivity. When I set the latency to something roughly below 30 ms, all is fine. When the latency gets to 70ms and above, and definitely 130ms, the network layer suspends. For instance, if I set the latency (delay) to 70ms, then launching TeamViewer (or any other application that uses network connectivity) never happens or does not work. There is no timeout message, simply no response. I have to lower to latency back down to zero to see any response and have the box start working. What is the problem and how would I go about fixing it? It seems to me some sort of setting in Linux causes one of the CentOS networking drivers to sit in an infinite loop or something. eth0 is the connection to the internet, all settings are default eth2 is the 10 Gbit fiber optic connection to the other computer with the MTU set to 9600 with all other parameters at default values.

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• Clarification on signals (sighup), jobs, and the controlling terminal

  - by asolberg

  So I've read two different perspectives and I'm trying to figure out which one is right. 1) Some sources online say that signals sent from the controlling terminal are ONLY sent to the foreground process group. That means if want a process to continue running in the background when you logout it is sufficient to simply suspend the job (ctrl-Z) and resume it in the background (bg). Then you can log out and it will continue to run because SIGHUP is only sent to the foreground job. See: http://blog.nelhage.com/2010/01/a-brief-introduction-to-termios-signaling-and-job-control/ ...In addition, if any signal-generating character is read by a terminal, it generates the appropriate signal to the foreground process group.... 2) Other sources claim you need to use the "nohup" command at the time the program is executed, or failing that, issue a "disown" command during execution to remove it from the jobs table that listens for SIGHUP. They say if you don't do this when you logout your process will also exit even if its running in a background process group. For example: http://docstore.mik.ua/orelly/unix3/upt/ch23_11.htm ...If I log out anyway, the shell sends my background job a HUP signal... In my own experiments with Ubuntu linux it seems like 1) is correct. I executed a command: "sleep 20 &" then logged out, logged back in and pressed did a "ps aux". Sure enough the sleep command was still running. So then why is it that so many people seem to believe number 2? And if all you have to do is place a job in the background to keep it running why do so many people use "nohup" and "disown?"

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• Bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adaptors

  - by stacey.richards

  I would like to be able to connect a desktop computer that does not have a wireless adapter to my wireless network. I could just run a network cable from my ADSL/wireless router to the desktop computer but sometimes this is not practical. What I would really like to do is bridge my laptop's wireless and wired adapters in such a way that I can run a network cable from my laptop to a switch and another network cable from the switch to a desktop computer so that the desktop computer can access the Internet through my ADSL/wireless router via my latop: +--------------------+ |ADSL/wireless router| +--------------------+ | +-------------------------+ |laptop's wireless adaptor| | | |laptop's wired adaptor | +-------------------------+ | +------+ |switch| +------+ | +-----------------------+ |desktop's wired adapter| +-----------------------+ A bit of Googling suggests that I can do this by bridging my laptop's wireless and wired adapters. In Windows XP's Network Connections I select both the Local Area Connection and the Wireless Network Connection, right click and select Bridge Connections. From what I gather, this (layer 2?) bridge will examine the MAC address of traffic coming from the wireless network and pass it through to the wired network if it suspects that a network adapter with that MAC address may be on the wired side, and vice-versa. If this is the case, I would assume that when the desktop computer attempts to get an IP address from a DHCP server (which is running on the ADSL/wireless router), it would send a DHCP broadcast packet which would pass through the laptop's bridge to the router and the reply would return through the laptop's bridge back to the desktop. This doesn't happen. With some more Googling I find some instruction how this can be done with Linux. I reboot to Ubuntu 9.10 and type the following: sudo apt-get install bridge-utils sudo brctl addbr br0 sudo brctl addif br0 wlan0 sudo brctl addif br0 eth0 sudo ipconfig wlan0 0.0.0.0 sudo ipconfig eth0 0.0.0.0 Once again, the desktop cannot reach the ADSL/wireless router. I suspect that I'm missing some simple important step. Can anyone shed some light on this for me?

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• su not giving proper message for restricted LDAP groups

  - by user1743881

  I have configured PAM authentication on Linux box to restrict particular group only to login. I have enabled pam and ldap through authconfig and modified access.conf like below, [root@test root]# tail -1 /etc/security/access.conf - : ALL EXCEPT root test-auth : ALL Also modified sudoers file, to get su for this group <code> [root@test ~]# tail -1 /etc/sudoers %test-auth ALL=/bin/su</code> Now, only this ldap group members can login to system. However when from any of this authorized user, I tried for su, it asks for password and then though I enter correct password it gives message like Incorrect password and login failed. /var/log/secure shows that user is not having permission to get the access, but then it should print message like Access denied.The way it prints for console login. My functionality is working but its no giving proper messages. Could anyone please help on this. My /etc/pam.d/su file, [root@test root]# cat /etc/pam.d/su #%PAM-1.0 auth sufficient pam_rootok.so # Uncomment the following line to implicitly trust users in the "wheel" group. #auth sufficient pam_wheel.so trust use_uid # Uncomment the following line to require a user to be in the "wheel" group. #auth required pam_wheel.so use_uid auth include system-auth account sufficient pam_succeed_if.so uid = 0 use_uid quiet account include system-auth password include system-auth session include system-auth session optional pam_xauth.so

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• Need help with local network printing while using VPN on Ubuntu 10.10 desktop

  - by MountainX

  I can print to my HP printer via the LAN when I'm not connected to the VPN. When connected to the VPN, printing fails. OpenVPN 2.1.0 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Jul 12 2010 I can ping the printer while connected to the VPN: $ ping 192.168.100.12 PING 192.168.100.12 (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 192.168.100.12: icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=9.17 ms --- 192.168.100.12 ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 2 received, 0% packet loss... $ ping HpPrinter.local PING HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from HpPrinter.local (192.168.100.12): icmp_req=1 ttl=255 time=0.383 ms --- HpPrinter.local ping statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss... But here's the error when I try to print while connected to the VPN: hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hpijs[9990]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 1... ... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 784: mdns lookup HpPrinter.local retry 20... hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 780: error timeout mdns lookup HpPrinter.local hp[9982]: io/hpmud/jd.c 88: unable to read device-id hp[9982]: prnt/backend/hp.c 745: ERROR: open device failed stat=12: hp:/net/Officejet_Pro_L7600?zc=HpPrinter I am running iptables rules, but the problem doesn't appear related to the firewall. I've tested with no rules (i.e., no firewall). The printing problem happens when the VPN is connected. I can guess it is an mdns problem, but searching google about mdns didn't turn up anything that seemed related to this (at my level of knowledge). Any suggestions?

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• How do I ensure a process is running, even if it kills itself? (it needs to be restarted then)

  - by le_me

  I'm using linux. I want a process (an irc bot) to run every time I start the computer. But I've got a problem: The network is bad and it disconnects often, so I need to manually restart the bot a few times a day. How do I automate that? Additional information: The bot creates a pid file, called bot.pid The bot reconnects itself, but only a few times. The network is too bad, so the bot kills itself sometimes because it gets no response. What I do currently (aka my approach ;) ) I have a cron job executing startbot.rb every 5 minutes. (The script itself is in the same directory as the bot) The script: #!/usr/bin/ruby require 'fileutils' if File.exists?(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')) @pid = File.read(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')).chomp!.to_i begin raise "ouch" if Process.kill(0, @pid) != 1 rescue puts "Removing abandoned pid file" FileUtils.rm(File.expand_path('tmp/bot.pid')) puts "Starting the bot!" Kernel.exec(File.expand_path('./bot.rb')) else puts "Bot up and running!" end else puts "Starting the bot!" Kernel.exec(File.expand_path('./bot.rb')) end What this does: It checks if the pid file exists, if that's true it checks if kill -s 0 BOT_PID == 1 (if the bot's running) and starts the bot if one of the two checks fail/are not true. My approach seems to be quite dirty so how do I do it better?

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• Create a partition table on a hardware RAID1 drive with [c]fdisk

  - by Lev Levitsky

  My question is, is there a reason for this not to work? Details: I have two 500 Gb drives, and my motherboard RAID support, so I created a RAID1 array and booted from a Linux live medium. I then listed the disks and, apart from the obvious /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, etc. there was /dev/md126 which, I figured, was the mirrored "virtual" drive. Its size was 475 Gb; I had seen that the size of the array would be smaller than 500 Gb when I was creating it, so no surprise there. I did cfdisk /dev/md126, created the necessary partitions and chose write. It's been about half an hour now, I think. It doesn't seem like it's ever going to finish. The only thing about cfdisk in dmesg is that it's "blocked for more than 120 seconds". Doing fdisk -l /dev/md126 in another terminal I see all three partitions I created and a note that "Partition 1 does not start on a physical sector boundary". The table is lost after reboot, though. I tried to partition /dev/sda individually, and it worked, the table was written in about a second. The "not on a physical sector boundary" message is there, too. EDIT: I tried fdisk on /dev/sda, then there were no messages about sector boundaries. After a reboot, I am able to use mkfs on /dev/dm126p1, etc. fdisk shows that /dev/md126 has the same partitions as /dev/sda (but /dev/sdb doesn't have any). But at some point ("writing superblock and filesystem accounting information") mkfs is also blocked. Using it on sda1 results in a "partition is used by the system" error. What can be the problem? EDIT 2: I booted a freshly updated system from a pendrive and was able to create partition table and filesystems on /dev/md126 without any apparent problems. Was it an issue with the support of the hardware? My MB is Asus P9X79.

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• Cannot properly read files on the local server

  - by Andrew Bestic

  I'm running a RedHat 6.2 Amazon EC2 instance using stock Apache and IUS PHP53u+MySQL (+mbstring, +mysqli, +mcrypt), and phpMyAdmin from git. All configuration is near-vanilla, assuming the described installation procedure. I've been trying to import SQL files into the database using phpMyAdmin to read them from a directory on my server. phpMyAdmin lists the files fine in the drop down, but returns a "File could not be read" error when actually trying to import. Furthermore, when trying to execute file_get_contents(); on the file, it also returns a "failed to open stream: Permission denied" error. In fact, when my brother was attempting to import the SQL files using MySQL "SOURCE" as an authenticated MySQL user with ALL PRIVILEGES, he was getting an error reading the file. It seems that we are unable to read/import these files with ANY method other than root under SSH (although I can't say I've tried every possible method). I have never had this issue under regular CentOS (5, 6, 6.2) installations with the same LAMP stack configuration. Some things I've tried after searching Google and StackExchange: CHMOD 0777 both directory and files, CHOWN root, apache (only two users I can think of that PHP would use), Importing SQL files with total size under both upload_max_filesize and post_max_size, PHP open_basedir commented out, or = "/var/www" (my sites are using Apache VirtualHosts within that directory, and all the SQL files are deep within that directory), PHP safe mode is OFF (it was never ON) At the moment I have solved this issue with the smaller files by using the FILE UPLOAD method directly to phpMyAdmin, but this will not be suitable for uploading my 200+ MiB SQL files as I don't have a stable Internet connection. Any light you could shed on this situation would be greatly appreciated. I'm fair with Linux, and for the things that do stump me, Google usually has an answer. Not this time, though!

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• SSH into remote server using Public-private keys

  - by maria

  Hi, I have recently setup ssh on two linux machines (lets call them server-a, client-b). I have generated two ssh auth files on client-b machine using ssh key gen and can see both public and private files in .ssh dir. I have named them 'example' and 'example.pub'. Then I have added example.pub to sever-a's auth file. When I try to ssh into server-a it still requests a password authentication where as I want a password less login (private key on client-b is setup without password). When I try to ssh with '-v' .. get the following output: debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Trying private key: /Users/abc/.ssh/identity debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_rsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug1: Offering public key: /Users/abc/.ssh/id_dsa debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,keyboard-interactive debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug1: Next authentication method: keyboard-interactive debug2: userauth_kbdint debug2: we sent a keyboard-interactive packet, wait for reply debug2: input_userauth_info_req debug2: input_userauth_info_req: num_prompts 1 Password: Please help.

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• Missing MB on a GPT partioned SSD

  - by pisswillis

  I recently installed Arch Linux on an Intel 40GB SSD. I used GPT for partioning (via GNU parted) and created the following partions: /dev/sda1 : 1 MB, no FS, flag=bios_grub /dev/sda2 : 30MB, /boot, ext2, flag=boot /dev/sda3 : 20GB, /home, ext4 /dev/sda4 : ~20GB, /, ext4 After struggling to install grub2 from the livecd environment (which I finally did via grub-install /dev/sda --root-directory=/mnt/ --no-floppy --force) I got a working system. However, when I was inspecting disk usage with df I noticed that my home partition had around 170MB of used space on it. This surprised me because the only things on /home were one users .bashrc, .bash_history, and .lesshst. du confirmed that there was only a few KB of space being used on /home. Why does df report approximately 170MB being used when du does not? Is this space "gone forever", or can I regain it by repartioning and/or reinstalling? When I installed grub2 it said something along the lines of "your embed area is too small", and that I could "use BLOCKLISTS, but BLOCKLISTS are UNRELIABLE". In the end the only way I could get a system booting from the SSD was to use blocklists via the grub-install --force flag. Is this related to the mysterious missing 170MB? Thanks

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• Programs don't have permissions when using absolute path

  - by Markos

  I have asked this on askubuntu but didn't get a single response in days, so I will try it here. I have directory structure like this: /path/dir1 - all users in group1 must have rwx permissions, including subdirs and newly created dirs /path/dir1/dir2 - also users in group2 must have rwx permissions So what I tried is that I used ACL. getfacl /path/dir1 # file: /path/dir1 # owner: root # group: nogroup user::rwx group::--- group:group1:rwx mask::rwx other::--- default:user::rwx default:group::--- default:group:group1:rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::--- getfacl /path/dir1/dir2 # file: /path/dir1/dir2 # owner: root # group: nogroup user::rwx group::--- group:group1:rwx group:group2:rwx mask::rwx other::--- default:user::rwx default:group::--- default:group:group1:rwx default:group:group2:rwx default:mask::rwx default:other::--- That shows that I have granted rwx to group1 in /path/dir1 and rwx to group1 and group2 in /path/dir1/dir2. Now it gets interesting. Let's assume, that user2 is member of group2. If I issue commands as user2: cd /path/dir1/dir2 mkdir foo Then folder is succesfully created. However, if I do this: mkdir /path/dir1/dir2/foo I get permission denied error. I have tried extensively to resolve the problem. What I have found is that ACL is to blame. If I add permissions to group2 in /path/dir1 it starts to work. Also if I completely remove /path/dir1 ACL it starts to work. Obviously I am missing something VERY basic. I don't have much experience with linux, but this is a no-brainer on Windows. I have spent way too many hours to resolve this basic requirement. If you need more information, I will try to update the question, so feel free to ask!

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• Scripting an 'empty' password in /etc/shadow

  - by paddy

  I've written a script to add CVS and SVN users on a Linux server (Slackware 14.0). This script creates the user if necessary, and either copies the user's SSH key from an existing shell account or generates a new SSH key. Just to be clear, the accounts are specifically for SVN or CVS. So the entry in /home/${username}/.ssh/authorized_keys begins with (using CVS as an example): command="/usr/bin/cvs server",no-port-forwarding,no-agent-forwarding,no-X11-forwarding,no-pty ssh-rsa ....etc...etc...etc... Actual shell access will never be allowed for these users - they are purely there to provide access to our source repositories via SSH. My problem is that when I add a new user, they get an empty password in /etc/shadow by default. It looks like: paddycvs:!:15679:0:99999:7::: If I leave the shadow file as is (with the !), SSH authentication fails. To enable SSH, I must first run passwd for the new user and enter something. I have two issues with doing that. First, it requires user input which I can't allow in this script. Second, it potentially allows the user to login at the physical terminal (if they have physical access, which they might, and know the secret password -- okay, so that's unlikely). The way I normally prevent users from logging in is to set their shell to /bin/false, but if I do that then SSH doesn't work either! Does anyone have a suggestion for scripting this? Should I simply use sed or something and replace the relevant line in the shadow file with a preset encrypted secret password string? Or is there a better way? Cheers =)

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• Mysqld increases the load on the CPU and drops after flush-tables

  - by mirage

  Help please advice on the issue. Normal load on the cpu 20-30% us + sy. After restoring the database files from the slave server (same version) began a periodic problem. mysql starts to load the cpu at 100% (us + sy grows proportionally). The queue is growing, everything slows down. But with mysqladmin flush-tables are normalized for a few hours. Dedicated linux server running mysql 2 x E5506 24Gb RAM, database size 50Gb. [OK] Currently running supported MySQL version 5.0.51a-24 + lenny4-log [OK] Operating on 64-bit architecture -------- Storage Engine Statistics --------------------------------------- ---- [-] Status: + Archive-BDB-Federated + InnoDB-ISAM-NDBCluster [-] Data in MyISAM tables: 33G (Tables: 1474) [-] Data in InnoDB tables: 1G (Tables: 4) [-] Data in MEMORY tables: 120K (Tables: 3) [-] Reads / Writes: 91% / 9% [-] Total buffers: 12.8M per thread and 7.1G global [OK] Maximum possible memory usage: 15.8G (66% of installed RAM) 4000 - 5500 rps key_buffer = 1536M max_allowed_packet = 2M table_cache = 4096 sort_buffer_size = 409584 read_buffer_size = 128K read_rnd_buffer_size = 8M myisam_sort_buffer_size = 64M thread_cache_size = 500 query_cache_size = 100M thread_concurrency = 24 max_connections = 700 tmp_table_size = 4096M join_buffer_size = 4M max_heap_table_size = 4096M query_cache_limit = 1M low_priority_updates = 1 concurrent_insert = 2 wait_timeout = 30 server-id = 1 log_bin = /var/log/mysql/mysql-bin.log expire_logs_days = 10 max_binlog_size = 100M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 1536M innodb_log_buffer_size = 4M innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 How to solve the problem?

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• Provisioning DELL servers using only linux tools

  - by Krist van Besien

  We have taken delivery of a bunch off Dell Poweredge Rack servers. Unfortunately when ordering it was neglegted to ask for dhcp to be enabled in the built in iDRAC controlers... So they are all stuck on the same IP address. Which means that I'll have to go to each of them individually and configure a new IP in the console... In the future I want to avoid that. Now Dell proposes to deliver the next batch with auto discovery enabled. As I understand this means that when the machine wakes up for the first time the iDRAC will request a DHCP address. The DHCP server then supposedly also provides a "provisioning" server, that provides it with a username and password, and a configuration to be applied. This would allow us to for example configure things like RAID automatically. However, I can't seem to find a way to set up such a provisioning server that does not involve setting up a windows machine. I want to use Linux tools exclusively. Is there a way to do this? I want to just rack servers, switch them on, and then do everything remotely. And that using only linux tools?

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• How to interpret iozone values

  - by Henno

  I ran a test to measure my I/O IOPS on Linux: iozone -s 4g -r 2k -r 4k -r 8k -r 16k -r 32k -O -b /tmp/results.xls iozone claims that output is in operations per second yet the numbers are too big for that to be plausible. I'm observing some 320 CMDs/s maximum on vmware esx console (esxtop, then v). File size set to 4194304 KB Record Size 2 KB Record Size 4 KB Record Size 8 KB Record Size 16 KB Record Size 32 KB OPS Mode. Output is in operations per second. Command line used: iozone -s 4g -r 2k -r 4k -r 8k -r 16k -r 32k -O -b tmpresults.xls Time Resolution = 0.000001 seconds. Processor cache size set to 1024 Kbytes. Processor cache line size set to 32 bytes. File stride size set to 17 * record size. random random bkwd record stride KB reclen write rewrite read reread read write read rewrite read fwrite frewrite fread freread 4194304 2 19025 5580 27581 29848 284 198 415 1103217 1498 18541 4340 24245 25618 4194304 4 15650 21942 18962 21068 252 1198 193 976164 1677 22802 23093 21089 21232 4194304 8 11121 11638 10273 10165 247 1196 202 625020^C The test ran for 15 hours before I pressed ^C. Is that ordinary expectation for such command line (dedicated 4 drive RAID10 LUN, 10k RPM SAS drives in EMC CX300)?

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• Linux on HP Envy

  - by Oscar Godson

  OK, the Ubuntu forums aren't helping and I thought maybe you guys here could help. First off, does anyone know the best flavor of Linux to use on an HP Envy? what has the best support out of the box? If not, does anyone know how the hell to get the following to work on Ubuntu 10.04: The touchpad to work at all? Right now, right clicking doesnt work at at all, and left clicks dont work while you have another finger on the pad at all. It jumps all over. ALSO, the multi-touch isn't clickable, but it's for sure a multi-touch touchpad. Works in W7 and can do things like a MBP in W7 The computer feels like it's on fire... i think im missing some driver. Seems odd that the random meta keys like calc, email, brightness, right click, etc work, but not the touchpad? The video card seems fine, but i haven't tested compiz fully yet... Thanks so much to anyone who helps. i want to get back to linux after a couple years on Mac. :)

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• "Network Error - 53" while trying to mount NFS share in Windows Server 2008 client

  - by Mike B

  CentOS | Windows 2008 I've got a CentOS 5.5 server running nfsd. On the Windows side, I'm running Windows Server 2008 R2 Enterprise. I have the "Files Services" server role enabled and both Client for NFS and Server for NFS are on. I'm able to successfully connect/mount to the CentOS NFS share from other linux systems but am experiencing errors connecting to it from Windows. When I try to connect, I get the following: C:\Users\fooadmin>mount -o anon 10.10.10.10:/share/ z: Network Error - 53 Type 'NET HELPMSG 53' for more information. (IP and share name have been changed to protect the innocent :-) ) Additional information: I've verified low-level network connectivity between the Windows client and the NFS server with telnet (to the NFS on TCP/2049) so I know the port is open. I've further confirmed that inbound and outbound firewall ports are present and enabled. I came across a Microsoft tech note that suggested changing the "Provider Order" so "NFS Network" is above other items like Microsoft Windows Network. I changed this and restarted the NFS client - no luck. I've confirmed that the share folder on the NFS server is readable/writable by all (777) I've tried other variations of the mount command like: mount 10.10.10.10:/share/ z: and mount 10.10.10.10:/share z: and mount -o anon mtype=hard \\10.10.10.10:/share * No luck. As per the command output, I tried typing NET HELPMSG 53 but that doesn't tell me much. Just "The network path was not found". I'm lost on how to proceed with troubleshooting. Any ideas?

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• Understanding the Mounting of a Filesystem

  - by Tom H.

  I'm new to linux and want to check my understanding of how mounting/filesystems work. I read related manpages, but just want to be sure. I have a partition say /dev/sda5 that is currently mounted to /home with various subdirs. It is my understanding that this means /dev/sda5 has its own portable filesystem that can be moved anywhere in the main filesystem. Questions: If I unmount /dev/sda5 from /home (# umount /home) and then mount it to /var/www/ (which is empty) (# mount -t ext3 /dev/sda5 /var/www) and replace the fstab entry, with /dev/sda5 /var/www ext3 defaults,noatime,nodev 1 2 and # mount -a, Q1) are all of the contents of /home now accessible under /var/www/ (i.e. /home/username -> /var/www/username)? Q2) Are all of the permissions from the /home filesystem kept intact in this new location? Anything else I should be concerned with? Just want to make sure I don't go wipe/corrupt anything. Coming from Windows the filesystem architecture takes getting used to (though I'm loving the flexibility!).

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