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• Observer pattern used with decorator pattern

  - by icelated

  I want to make a program that does an order entry system for beverages. ( i will probably do description, cost) I want to use the Decorator pattern and the observer pattern. I made a UML drawing and saved it as a pic for easy viewing. This site wont let me upload as a word doc so i have to upload a pic - i hope its easily viewable.... I need to know if i am doing the UML / design patterns correctly before moving on to the coding part. Beverage is my abstract component class. Espresso, houseblend, darkroast are my concrete subject classes.. I also have a condiment decorator class milk,mocha,soy,whip. would be my observer? because they would be interested in data changes to cost? Now, would the espresso,houseblend etc, be my SUBJECT and the condiments be my observer? My theory is that Cost is a changes and that the condiments need to know the changes? So, subject = esspresso,houseblend,darkroast,etc.. // they hold cost() Observer = milk,mocha,soy,whip? // they hold cost() would be the concrete components and the milk,mocha,soy,whip? would be the decorator! So, following good software engineering practices "design to an interface and not implementation" or "identify things that change from those that dont" would i need a costbehavior interface? If you look at the UML you will see where i am going with this and see if i am implementing observer + Decorator pattern correctly? I think the decorator is correct. since, the pic is not very viewable i will detail the classes here: Beverage class(register observer, remove observer, notify observer, description) these classes are the concrete beverage classes espresso, houseblend,darkroast, decaf(cost,getdescription,setcost,costchanged) interface observer class(update) // cost? interface costbehavior class(cost) // since this changes? condiment decorator class( getdescription) concrete classes that are linked to the 2 interface s and decorator are: milk,mocha,soy,whip(cost,getdescription,update) these are my decorator/ wrapper classes. Thank you.. Is there a way to make this picture bigger?

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• Display lable character by character using javascript

  - by Muhammad Sajid

  Hi, I am creating Hang a Man using PHP, MySQL & Javascript. Every thing is going perfect, I get a word randomly from DB show it as a label apply it a class where display = none. Now when I click on a Character that character become disable fine which i actually want but the label-character does not show. My code is: <link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <?php include( 'config.php' ); $question = questions(); // Get question. $alpha = alphabats(); // Get alphabets. ?> <script language="javascript"> function clickMe( name ){ var question = '<?php echo $question; ?>'; var questionLen = <?php echo strlen($question); ?>; for ( var i = 0; i < questionLen; i++ ){ if ( question[i] == name ){ var link = document.getElementById( name ); link.style.display = 'none'; var label = document.getElementById( 'questionLabel' + i ); label.style.display = 'none'; } } } </script> <div> <table align="center" style="border:solid 1px"> <tr> <?php for ( $i = 0; $i < 26; $i++ ) { echo "<td><a href='#' id=$alpha[$i] name=$alpha[$i] onclick=clickMe('$alpha[$i]');>". $alpha[$i] ."</a>&nbsp;</td>"; } ?> </tr> </table> <br/> <table align="center" style="border:solid 1px"> <tr> <?php for ( $i = 0; $i < strlen($question); $i++ ) { echo "<td class='question'><label id=questionLabel$i >". $question[$i] ."</label></td>"; } ?> </tr> </table> </div>

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• Finite State Machine Spellchecker

  - by Durell

  I would love to have a debugged copy of the finite state machine code below. I tried debugging but could not, all the machine has to do is to spell check the word "and",an equivalent program using case is welcomed. #include<cstdlib> #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> #include<iostream> #include<string> using namespace std; char in_str; int n; void spell_check() { char data[256]; int i; FILE *in_file; in_file=fopen("C:\\Users\\mytorinna\\Desktop\\a.txt","r+"); while (!feof(in_file)) { for(i=0;i<256;i++) { fscanf(in_file,"%c",in_str); data[i]=in_str; } //n = strlen(in_str); //start(data); cout<<data; } } void start(char data) { // char next_char; //int i = 0; // for(i=0;i<256;i++) // if (n == 0) { if(data[i]="a") { state_A(); exit; } else { cout<<"I am comming"; } // cout<<"This is an empty string"; // exit();//do something here to terminate the program } } void state_A(int i) { if(in_str[i] == 'n') { i++; if(i<n) state_AN(i); else error(); } else error(); } void state_AN(int i) { if(in_str[i] == 'd') { if(i == n-1) cout<<" Your keyword spelling is correct"; else cout<<"Wrong keyword spelling"; } } int main() { spell_check(); system("pause"); return 0; }

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• Problems with contenteditable in Firefox

  - by Jonathan

  Hello, I am working on a Javascript WYSIWYG editor in Firefox. I am using a div with the contenteditable attribute set to true in order to accomplish this (I cannot use a contenteditable iframe for this particular project). This contenteditable div is nested in another div that is not contenteditable. I am encountering the following two problems when using execCommand to apply formatting, including font style and size, as well as bold, italic, and underline: When all text in the div is selected, execCommand simply does not work. execCommand works fine when only part of the text is selected, but does nothing when all of the text is selected. Applying formatting with no text selected yields unexpected results. For example, when calling execCommand('bold') with no text selected and then typing results in bold text being typed until a spacebar is inserted, at which point the bold formatting is lost (until another space is inserted, interestingly enough; then the text becomes bold again). To see what I mean, please try running the following HTML code in Firefox 3: <html> <head><title></title></head> <body> <button onClick="execCommand('bold', false, null);">Bold</button> <div style="width: 300px; border: 1px solid #000000;"> <div contenteditable="true">Some editable text</div> </div> </body> </html> Please try the following: Select the word "Some" only. Click the Bold button. This will make the text bold, as expected. Select the entire phrase "Some editable text" (either manually or using CTRL-A). Click the Bold button. Nothing happens. This demonstrates the first bug shown above. Hit the backspace key to clear the div. Click the Bold button and begin typing. Type a few words with spaces. This will demonstrate the second bug. Any ideas on what could be causing these problems and how to work around them would be greatly appreciated!

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• Share a "deep link" from a Windows 8/WinRT application

  - by Dave Parker

  I have searched using many different terms and phrases, and waded through many pages of results, but I have (remarkably) not seen anyone else addressing, even asking, about, this issue. So here goes... Ultimate Goal: Allow a user viewing a content-based page (may contain both text and images) within a Windows Store app to share that content with someone else. Description I am working on taking a fair amount of content and making it available for browsing/navigating as a Windows 8/WinRT/Windows Store (we need a consistent name here) application. One of the desired features is to take advantage of the Share Charm, such that someone viewing a page could share that page with someone else. The ideal behavior is for the application to implement the Share Source contract which would share an email message that contained some explanatory text, a link to get the app from the Windows Store, and a "deep link" into the shared page in the application. Solutions Considered We had originally looked at just generating a PDF representation of the page, but there are very few external libraries that would work under WinRT, and having to include externally licensed code would be problematic as well. Writing our own PDF generation code would out of scope. We have also considered generating a Word document or PowerPoint slide using OpenXML, but again, we run up against the limitaions of WinRT. In this case, it is highly unlikely the OpenXML SDK is useable in a WinRT application. Another thought was to pre-generate all of the pages as .pdf files, store them as resources, and when the Share Charm is invoked, share the .pdf file associated with the current page. The problem here is the application will have at least 150 content pages, and depending on how we break the content down, up to over 600. This would likely cause serious bloat. Where We Are At Thus we have come to sharing URIs. From what I can tell, though, the "deep linking" feature is only intended for use on Secondary Tiles tied to your application. Another avenue I considered was registering a protocol like, "my-special-app:" with the OS and having it fire up the application but that would require HKCR registry access, which is outside the WinRT sandbox. If it matters, we are leaning towards an HTML/JS application, rather than XAML/C#, because the converted content will all be in HTML and the WebView control in WinRT is fairly limited. This decision is not yet final, though. Conclusion So, is this possible, and if so, how would it be done or where can I find documentation on it? Thanks, Dave Parker

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• is it possible to extract certain strings based off a predefined white-space count?

  - by s2xi

  So after several Advil's I think I need help I am trying to make a script that lets the user upload a .txt file, the file will look like this as an example EXT. DUNKIN' DONUTS - DAY Police vehicles remain in the parking lot. The determined female reporter from the courthouse steps, MELINDA FUENTES (32), interviews Comandante Chitt, who holds a napkin to his jaw, like he cut himself shaving. MELINDA < Comandante Chitt, how does it feel to get shot in the face? > COMANDANTE CHITT < Not too different than getting shot in the arm or leg. > MELINDA < Tell us what happened. > COMANDANTE CHITT < I parked my car. (indicates assault vehicle in donut shop) He aimed his weapon at my head. I fired seven shots. He stopped aiming his weapon at my head. > Melinda waits for more, but Chitt turns and walks away into the roped-off crime scene. Melinda is confused for a second, then resumes smiling. MELINDA < And there you have it... A man of few words. > Ok, so based off of this what I want to do is this: The PHP script looks at the file and counts 35 white spaces, since all files will have the same layout and never differ in white spaces I chose this as the best way to go. for every 35 white spaces extract character 36 until the end of line. Then tally up $character++ so in the end the output would look like ----------------------------------- It looks like you have 2 characters in your script Melinda Commandante Chitt ----------------------------------- using PHP to select distinct names, and use the strtolower() to lower case the strings and ucfirst() to make the first letter upper-case thats my project, I'm at the stage where I'm going crazy trying to figure out how to count white-spaces and everything after that white space until the first white-space after the word IS a character name

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• In ASP.NET MVC, How do I make a partial view available to all controllers?

  - by Quakkels

  In ASP.NET MVC, How do I make a partial view available to all controllers? I want to create navigation that is common across the entire site, but when I place the Html.Action into my master page, it only works on views associated with 1 controller. Right now, I have a controller action defined like this: // GET: GetCategoriesPartial [ChildActionOnly] public ActionResult GetCategoriesPartial() { var category = CategoriesDataContext.GetCategories(); return PartialView(category); } And I've created my partial view like this: <%@ Import Namespace="wopr.Models" %> <%@ Control Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewUserControl" %> <ul> <% foreach (var cat in Model as IEnumerable<Category>) { %> <li><a href="/categories/Details/<%=cat.catID%>"><%=cat.catName%></a></li> <% } %> </ul> My Master Page looks like this: <%@ Import Namespace="wopr.Models" %> <%@ Master Language="C#" Inherits="System.Web.Mvc.ViewMasterPage" %> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" > <head runat="server"> <title><asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="TitleContent" runat="server" /></title> <link type="text/css" rel="Stylesheet" href="/Content/Site.css" /> </head> <body> <div class="wrap-all"> <div style="text-align:right;"> <a href="/">Home</a> | <a href="/games/">Games</a> | <a href="/games/Index2/1">Games <em>(paginated)</em></a> | <a href="/categories/">Categories</a> | <a href="/upload/">Upload</a> </div> <asp:ContentPlaceHolder ID="MainContent" runat="server"> </asp:ContentPlaceHolder> <!--This errors on any non-CategoryController page.--> <%= Html.Action("GetCategoriesPartial")%> <!----> </div> </body> </html> This code works as long as I'm viewing something handled by the CategoriesController. If I go to any view handled by a different controller, I get the exception: System.Web.HttpException: A public action method 'GetCategoriesPartial' was not found on controller 'wopr.Controllers.GamesController'. How do I make this partial view available to all the site's controllers? Thanks for any help. Quakkels

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• Why does my Opengl es android testbed app not render anything besides a red screen?

  - by nathan

  For some reason my code here (this is the entire thing) doesnt actually render anything besides a red screen.. can anyone tell me why? package com.ntu.way2fungames.earth.testbed; import java.nio.FloatBuffer; import javax.microedition.khronos.egl.EGLConfig; import javax.microedition.khronos.opengles.GL10; import android.app.Activity; import android.content.Context; import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView; import android.opengl.GLSurfaceView.Renderer; import android.os.Bundle; public class projectiles extends Activity { GLSurfaceView lGLView; Renderer lGLRenderer; float projectilesX[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesY[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesXa[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesYa[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesTheta[]= new float[5001]; float projectilesSpeed[]= new float[5001]; private static FloatBuffer drawBuffer; @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); SetupProjectiles(); Context mContext = this.getWindow().getContext(); lGLView= new MyView(mContext); lGLRenderer= new MyRenderer(); lGLView.setRenderer(lGLRenderer); setContentView(lGLView); } private void SetupProjectiles() { int i=0; for (i=5000;i>0;i=i-1){ projectilesX[i] = 240; projectilesY[i] = 427; float theta = (float) ((i/5000)*Math.PI*2); projectilesXa[i] = (float) Math.cos(theta); projectilesYa[i] = (float) Math.sin(theta); projectilesTheta[i]= theta; projectilesSpeed[i]= (float) (Math.random()+1); } } public class MyView extends GLSurfaceView{ public MyView(Context context) { super(context); // TODO Auto-generated constructor stub } } public class MyRenderer implements Renderer{ private float[] projectilecords = new float[] { .0f, .5f, 0, -.5f, 0f, 0, .5f, 0f, 0, 0, -5f, 0, }; @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { gl.glClear(GL10.GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT); gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_MODELVIEW); //gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glEnableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); for (int i=5000;i>4500;i=i-1){ //drawing section gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glColor4f(.9f, .9f,.9f,.9f); gl.glTranslatef(projectilesY[i], projectilesX[i],1); gl.glVertexPointer(3, GL10.GL_FLOAT, 0, drawBuffer); gl.glDrawArrays(GL10.GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 12); //physics section projectilesX[i]=projectilesX[i]+projectilesXa[i]; projectilesY[i]=projectilesY[i]+projectilesYa[i]; } gl.glDisableClientState(GL10.GL_VERTEX_ARRAY); } @Override public void onSurfaceChanged(GL10 gl, int width, int height) { if (height == 0) height = 1; // draw on the entire screen gl.glViewport(0, 0, width, height); // setup projection matrix gl.glMatrixMode(GL10.GL_PROJECTION); gl.glLoadIdentity(); gl.glOrthof(0,width,height,0, -100, 100); } @Override public void onSurfaceCreated(GL10 gl, EGLConfig arg1) { gl.glShadeModel(GL10.GL_SMOOTH); gl.glClearColor(1f, .01f, .01f, 1f); gl.glClearDepthf(1.0f); gl.glEnable(GL10.GL_DEPTH_TEST); gl.glDepthFunc(GL10.GL_LEQUAL); gl.glHint(GL10.GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL10.GL_NICEST); drawBuffer = FloatBuffer.wrap(projectilecords); } } }

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• :contains for multiple words

  - by Emin

  I am using the following jQuery var etag='kate' if (etag.length > 0) { $('div').each(function () { $(this).find('ul:not(:contains(' + etag + '))').hide(); $(this).find('ul:contains(' + etag + ')').show(); }); }? towards the following HTML <div id="2"> <ul> <li>john</li> <li>jack</li> </ul> <ul> <li>kate</li> <li>clair</li> </ul> <ul> <li>hugo</li> <li>desmond</li> </ul> <ul> <li>said</li> <li>jacob</li> </ul> </div> <div id="3"> <ul> <li>jacob</li> <li>me</li> </ul> <ul> <li>desmond</li> <li>george</li> </ul> <ul> <li>allen</li> <li>kate</li> </ul> <ul> <li>salkldf</li> <li>3kl44</li> </ul> </div> basically, as long as etag has one word, the code works perfectly and hides those elements who do not contain etag. My problem is, when etag is multiple words (and I don't have control over it. Its coming from a database and could be combination of multiple words seperated with space char) then the code does not work.. is there any way to achieve this?

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• Table header is not shown

  - by Vivien

  My error is that the table headers of my two tables are not shown. Right now I am setting the header with new JTable(data, columnNames). Here is an example which shows, my problem: public class Test extends JFrame { private static final long serialVersionUID = -4682396888922360841L; private JMenuBar menuBar; private JMenu mAbout; private JMenu mMain; private JTabbedPane tabbedPane; public SettingsTab settings = new SettingsTab(); private void addMenuBar() { menuBar = new JMenuBar(); mMain = new JMenu("Main"); mAbout = new JMenu("About"); menuBar.add(mMain); menuBar.add(mAbout); setJMenuBar(menuBar); } public void createTabBar() { tabbedPane = new JTabbedPane(JTabbedPane.TOP); tabbedPane.addTab("Settings", settings.createLayout()); add(tabbedPane); tabbedPane.setTabLayoutPolicy(JTabbedPane.SCROLL_TAB_LAYOUT); } private void makeLayout() { setTitle("Test"); setLayout(new BorderLayout()); setPreferredSize(new Dimension(1000, 500)); addMenuBar(); createTabBar(); setDefaultCloseOperation(JFrame.EXIT_ON_CLOSE); pack(); setVisible(true); } public void start() { javax.swing.SwingUtilities.invokeLater(new Runnable() { public void run() { makeLayout(); } }); } public static void main(String[] args) { Test gui = new Test(); gui.start(); } public class SettingsTab extends JPanel { public JScrollPane createLayout() { JPanel panel = new JPanel(new MigLayout("")); JScrollPane sp = new JScrollPane(panel); sp.setVerticalScrollBarPolicy(ScrollPaneConstants.VERTICAL_SCROLLBAR_ALWAYS); panel.add(table1(), "growx, wrap"); panel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,10))); panel.add(table2()); // panel.add(Box.createRigidArea(new Dimension(0,10))); return sp; } public JPanel table1() { JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(); String[] columnNames = {"First Name", "Last Name"}; Object[][] data = { {"Kathy", "Smith"}, {"John", "Doe"}, {"Sue", "Black"}, {"Jane", "White"}, {"Joe", "Brown"}, {"John", "Doe"}, {"Sue", "Black"}, {"Jane", "White"}, {"Joe", "Brown"} }; final JTable table = new JTable(data, columnNames); tableProperties(table); panel1.add(table); panel1.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel1, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); return panel1; } public JPanel table2() { JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(); String[] columnNames = {"First Name", "Last Name"}; Object[][] data = { {"Kathy", "Smith"}, {"John", "Doe"}, {"Sue", "Black"}, {"Jane", "White"}, {"Joe", "Brown"}, {"John", "Doe"}, {"Sue", "Black"}, {"Jane", "White"}, {"Joe", "Brown"} }; final JTable table = new JTable(data, columnNames); table.setPreferredScrollableViewportSize(new Dimension(500, 70)); table.setFillsViewportHeight(true); tableProperties(table); panel1.add(table); panel1.setLayout(new BoxLayout(panel1, BoxLayout.Y_AXIS)); return panel1; } public void tableProperties(JTable table) { table.setAutoResizeMode(JTable.AUTO_RESIZE_ALL_COLUMNS); table.repaint(); table.revalidate(); } } } Any recommendations what I am doing wrong?

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• xslt apply-templates in second level

  - by m00sila

  I cannot wrap <panel> tags to second level individual items as shown in Expected result bellow. But with the xslt i have written, all 1.x get into single node. Please help me. Source xml <root> <step id="1"> <content> <text> 1.0 Sample first level step text </text> </content> <content/> <step> <content> <text> 1.1 Sample second level step text </text> </content> </step> <step> <content> <text> 1.2 Sample second level step text </text> </content> </step> <step> <content> <text> 1.3 Sample second level step text </text> </content> </step> </step> </root> Expected output <panel> <panel> 1.0 Sample first level step text </panel> <panel> 1.1 Sample second level step text </panel> <panel> 1.2 Sample second level step text </panel> <panel> 1.3 Sample second level step text </panel> </panel> My XSLT <xsl:template match="/"> <panel> <xsl:apply-templates/> </panel> </xsl:template> <xsl:template match="root/step" > <panel> <panel> <xsl:apply-templates select ="content/text/node()"></xsl:apply-templates> </panel> <panel> <xsl:apply-templates select ="step/content/text/node()"></xsl:apply-templates> </panel> </panel> </xsl:template>

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• Zaypay alternatives for payments using call or sms

  - by JohannesH

  We are currently trying to implement a payment provider in zaypay for paying for services using sms or by calling a number. We already have google checkout and paypal working for regular payments but zaypay is rather inflexible, poorly documented and a pain to setup when you have hundreds of products with varying prices. So my question is, do you know of any other european payment providers that take sms and call payments? As a response to Roberts answer/question Hi Robert, I must say that the Zaypay solution is the best and only I've seen thus far regarding phoned payments. However, since its now 2 months ago I finished the implementation of our custom Zaypay UI I can't remember much of the the details of the problems we were having. I'll try to give a brief of them anyways the best I can. First of all I would like to see a redirection type scenario for payalogues. From what I remember you guys are using the JS framework "Prototype" which doesn't play nice with jQuery which we are using so we weren't able to use the popup-type scenario supported by payalogues. Furthermore when implementing our custom interface I remember a lot of missing translations, like words that were codes instead of a word or a phrase. This meant we ended up writing/translating all the messages we needed ourselves. Also, another point of annoyance was the setup of prices and items. I wish we could just send in the order items/prices as a part of the interface like you can in Google Checkout or PayPal (not that they're flawless either), instead of having to define ALL the items you will ever sell through your admin interface beforehand. As far as I can remember it is virtually impossible to use Zaypay for a multi-item order in its current form. Finally there are, as far as I can tell, some security issues that you have to think about when you implement a custom solution... especially a ajax driven one. As I said in my original post you do mention this in the documentation but I believe the documentation wasn't that comprehensive regarding security issues. Again I wish I could give more details but the code & client is long since gone, so I can't look up the comments I wrote. Sorry! Oh yeah, the general API documentation weren't exactly comprehensive and 100% correct either. Again, I don't want to advice people against using Zaypay, I just want to advice that they should try it out first on a realistic prototype and think about their implementation before releasing to production. Maybe its just me who misunderstood a lot of things but I generally had a difficult time using your framework and I was left with a feeling that the API was very new and not thought through from the beginning.

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• DirectShow EVR resizing window problem

  - by Daniel

  So I've been looking into the world of media playback for windows and I've started making a C# Media Player using DirectShow. I started off using the VRM-7 windowed video renderer and it was brilliant except it had a couple of small problems (multi monitors, fullscreen). But after some research I found that it's deprecated and I should be using VRM9. So I changed it to use VRM9 windowless then found out that was an old post rofl _< so finally I'm using Vista/Win7 (or XP .net 3) Enhanced Video Renderer (EVR) which is apparently the most up to date Microsoft video renderer and has all the flashy performance/quality things added to it. (tbh I haven't noticed any difference but maybe I need a blue-ray or HQ video to notice it). With using EVR everything is working fine except resizing the video. Its really laggy/choppy/teary and probably something to do with its frame queueing mechanism. To demonstrate my problem open up windows media player classic. View - Options - Playback - output Chose the "EVR" DirectShow Video renderer Now restart wmp class and play a video, while it's playing click and drag a corner to resize it. You'll notice its horribly laggy. This is the exact same problem i am having. But if you chose "EVR Custom Pres. *" or EVR Sync *" resizing works beautifully! So i tried googling around for anything about EVR resizing issues and how to fix it but i couldn't believe how little i could find. I'm guessing "Custom Pres." stands for "Custom Presenter" which sounds like they made their own. Also you'll notice on the right hand size when you swap between EVR and the other EVR's the Resizer drop down on the right greys out. So basically I wan't to know how I can fix this retarded resizing problem and is there any decent documentation out there? There is a fair bit for VMR7/9 but not much for EVR. I downloaded the DirectX SDK which apparently has samples but it was a waste of 500mb of bandwidth as it had nothing relevant. Perhaps there is some way to force it not queueing up frames if that is the problem? If you want code say the word and I'll paste some in. But it's really quite simple and nothing much happens, i'm convinced it's a problem with the EVR renderer. EDIT: Oh and one other thing, what does VLC use? If you go into vlc options and change the renderer to anything but default, they all suck. So is it using VMR7? Or its own?

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• Strange problems with PHP SOAP (private variable not persist + variables passed from client not work

  - by Tamas Gal

  I have a very strange problems in a PHP Soap implementation. I have a private variable in the Server class which contains the DB name for further reference. The private variable name is "fromdb". I have a public function on the soap server where I can set this variable. $client-setFromdb. When I call it form my client works perfectly and the fromdb private variable can be set. But a second soap client call this private variable loses its value... Here is my soap server setup: ini_set('soap.wsdl_cache_enabled', 0); ini_set('session.auto_start', 0); ini_set('always_populate_raw_post_data', 1); global $config_dir; session_start(); /*if(!$HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA){ $HTTP_RAW_POST_DATA = file_get_contents('php://input'); }*/ $server = new SoapServer("{$config_dir['template']}import.wsdl"); $server-setClass('import'); $server-setPersistence(SOAP_PERSISTENCE_SESSION); $server-handle(); Problem is that I passed this to the server: $client = new SoapClient('http://import.ingatlan.net/wsdl', array('trace' = 1)); $xml=''; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $xml.='Valaki'; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $xml.=''; $tarray = array("type" = 1, "xml" = $xml); try{ $s = $client-sendXml( $tarray ); print "$s"; } catch( SOAPFault $exception){ print "--- SOAP exception :{$exception}---"; print "LAST REQUEST :"; var_dump($client-_getLastRequest()); print "---"; print "LAST RESPONSE :".$client-_getLastResponse(); } So passed an Array of informations to the server. Then I got this exception: LAST REQUEST : <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <SOAP-ENV:Envelope xmlns:SOAP-ENV="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/"><SOAP-ENV:Body><type>Array</type><xml/></SOAP-ENV:Body></SOAP-ENV:Envelope> Can you see the Array word between the type tag? Seems that the client only passed a reference or something like this. So I totaly missed :(

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• Stored procedure to remove FK of a given table

  - by Nicole

  I need to create a stored procedure that: Accepts a table name as a parameter Find its dependencies (FKs) Removes them Truncate the table I created the following so far based on http://www.mssqltips.com/sqlservertip/1376/disable-enable-drop-and-recreate-sql-server-foreign-keys/ . My problem is that the following script successfully does 1 and 2 and generates queries to alter tables but does not actually execute them. In another word how can execute the resulting "Alter Table ..." queries to actually remove FKs? CREATE PROCEDURE DropDependencies(@TableName VARCHAR(50)) AS BEGIN SELECT 'ALTER TABLE ' + OBJECT_SCHEMA_NAME(parent_object_id) + '.[' + OBJECT_NAME(parent_object_id) + '] DROP CONSTRAINT ' + name FROM sys.foreign_keys WHERE referenced_object_id=object_id(@TableName) END EXEC DropDependencies 'TableName' Any idea is appreciated! Update: I added the cursor to the SP but I still get and error: "Msg 203, Level 16, State 2, Procedure DropRestoreDependencies, Line 75 The name 'ALTER TABLE [dbo].[ChildTable] DROP CONSTRAINT [FK__ChileTable__ParentTable__745C7C5D]' is not a valid identifier." Here is the updated SP: CREATE PROCEDURE DropRestoreDependencies(@schemaName sysname, @tableName sysname) AS BEGIN SET NOCOUNT ON DECLARE @operation VARCHAR(10) SET @operation = 'DROP' --ENABLE, DISABLE, DROP DECLARE @cmd NVARCHAR(1000) DECLARE @FK_NAME sysname, @FK_OBJECTID INT, @FK_DISABLED INT, @FK_NOT_FOR_REPLICATION INT, @DELETE_RULE smallint, @UPDATE_RULE smallint, @FKTABLE_NAME sysname, @FKTABLE_OWNER sysname, @PKTABLE_NAME sysname, @PKTABLE_OWNER sysname, @FKCOLUMN_NAME sysname, @PKCOLUMN_NAME sysname, @CONSTRAINT_COLID INT DECLARE cursor_fkeys CURSOR FOR SELECT Fk.name, Fk.OBJECT_ID, Fk.is_disabled, Fk.is_not_for_replication, Fk.delete_referential_action, Fk.update_referential_action, OBJECT_NAME(Fk.parent_object_id) AS Fk_table_name, schema_name(Fk.schema_id) AS Fk_table_schema, TbR.name AS Pk_table_name, schema_name(TbR.schema_id) Pk_table_schema FROM sys.foreign_keys Fk LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.tables TbR ON TbR.OBJECT_ID = Fk.referenced_object_id --inner join WHERE TbR.name = @tableName AND schema_name(TbR.schema_id) = @schemaName OPEN cursor_fkeys FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_fkeys INTO @FK_NAME,@FK_OBJECTID, @FK_DISABLED, @FK_NOT_FOR_REPLICATION, @DELETE_RULE, @UPDATE_RULE, @FKTABLE_NAME, @FKTABLE_OWNER, @PKTABLE_NAME, @PKTABLE_OWNER WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN -- create statement for dropping FK and also for recreating FK IF @operation = 'DROP' BEGIN -- drop statement SET @cmd = 'ALTER TABLE [' + @FKTABLE_OWNER + '].[' + @FKTABLE_NAME + '] DROP CONSTRAINT [' + @FK_NAME + ']' EXEC @cmd -- create process DECLARE @FKCOLUMNS VARCHAR(1000), @PKCOLUMNS VARCHAR(1000), @COUNTER INT -- create cursor to get FK columns DECLARE cursor_fkeyCols CURSOR FOR SELECT COL_NAME(Fk.parent_object_id, Fk_Cl.parent_column_id) AS Fk_col_name, COL_NAME(Fk.referenced_object_id, Fk_Cl.referenced_column_id) AS Pk_col_name FROM sys.foreign_keys Fk LEFT OUTER JOIN sys.tables TbR ON TbR.OBJECT_ID = Fk.referenced_object_id INNER JOIN sys.foreign_key_columns Fk_Cl ON Fk_Cl.constraint_object_id = Fk.OBJECT_ID WHERE TbR.name = @tableName AND schema_name(TbR.schema_id) = @schemaName AND Fk_Cl.constraint_object_id = @FK_OBJECTID -- added 6/12/2008 ORDER BY Fk_Cl.constraint_column_id OPEN cursor_fkeyCols FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_fkeyCols INTO @FKCOLUMN_NAME,@PKCOLUMN_NAME SET @COUNTER = 1 SET @FKCOLUMNS = '' SET @PKCOLUMNS = '' WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0 BEGIN IF @COUNTER > 1 BEGIN SET @FKCOLUMNS = @FKCOLUMNS + ',' SET @PKCOLUMNS = @PKCOLUMNS + ',' END SET @FKCOLUMNS = @FKCOLUMNS + '[' + @FKCOLUMN_NAME + ']' SET @PKCOLUMNS = @PKCOLUMNS + '[' + @PKCOLUMN_NAME + ']' SET @COUNTER = @COUNTER + 1 FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_fkeyCols INTO @FKCOLUMN_NAME,@PKCOLUMN_NAME END CLOSE cursor_fkeyCols DEALLOCATE cursor_fkeyCols END FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_fkeys INTO @FK_NAME,@FK_OBJECTID, @FK_DISABLED, @FK_NOT_FOR_REPLICATION, @DELETE_RULE, @UPDATE_RULE, @FKTABLE_NAME, @FKTABLE_OWNER, @PKTABLE_NAME, @PKTABLE_OWNER END CLOSE cursor_fkeys DEALLOCATE cursor_fkeys END For running use: EXEC DropRestoreDependencies dbo, ParentTable

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• Need help iteratating over an array, retrieve two possibilites, no repeats, for Poker AI

  - by elguapo-85

  Can't really think of a good way to word this question, nor a good title, and maybe the answer is so ridiculously simple that I am missing it. I am working on a poker AI, and I want to calculate the number of hands that exist which are better then mine, I understand how to that, but want I can't figure out is the best way to iterate over a group of cards. So I am at the flop, I know what my two cards are and there are 3 cards on the board. So there are 47 unknown cards and I want to iterate over all possible combination of those 47 cards assuming that two are passed out, so you can't have two cards of the same rank and suit, and you if you have previously calculated a set you don't want to do it over again, because I will being wasting time, and this will be called many times. If you don't understand want I am asking please tell me and I will clarify more. So I can set something up like this, if that element equals one, it means it is not in my hand and not on the board, 4 for each suit, and 13 for each rank. setOfCards[4][13] If I do a simple set of for loops like this: (pseudocode) //remove cards I know are in play from setOfCards by setting values to zero for(int i = 0; i < 4; i++) for(int j = 0; j < 13; j++) for(int k = 0; k < 4; k++) for(int l = 0; l < 4; l++) //skip if values equal zero card1 = setOfCards[i][j] card2 = setOfCards[k][l] //now compare card1, card2 and set of board cards So this is actually going to repeat many values, for example: card1 = AceOfHearts, card2 = KingOfHearts is the same as card1 = KingOfHearts, card2 = AceOfHearts. It will also alter my calculations. How should I go about avoiding this? Also is there a name for this technique? Thank you.

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• Slicing a time range into parts

  - by beporter

  First question. Be gentle. I'm working on software that tracks technicians' time spent working on tasks. The software needs to be enhanced to recognize different billable rate multipliers based on the day of the week and the time of day. (For example, "Time and a half after 5 PM on weekdays.") The tech using the software is only required to log the date, his start time and his stop time (in hours and minutes). The software is expected to break the time entry into parts at the boundaries of when the rate multipliers change. A single time entry is not permitted to span multiple days. Here is a partial sample of the rate table. The first-level array keys are the days of the week, obviously. The second-level array keys represent the time of the day when the new multiplier kicks in, and runs until the next sequential entry in the array. The array values are the multiplier for that time range. [rateTable] => Array ( [Monday] => Array ( [00:00:00] => 1.5 [08:00:00] => 1 [17:00:00] => 1.5 [23:59:59] => 1 ) [Tuesday] => Array ( [00:00:00] => 1.5 [08:00:00] => 1 [17:00:00] => 1.5 [23:59:59] => 1 ) ... ) In plain English, this represents a time-and-a-half rate from midnight to 8 am, regular rate from 8 to 5 pm, and time-and-a-half again from 5 till 11:59 pm. The time that these breaks occur may be arbitrary to the second and there can be an arbitrary number of them for each day. (This format is entirely negotiable, but my goal is to make it as easily human-readable as possible.) As an example: a time entry logged on Monday from 15:00:00 (3 PM) to 21:00:00 (9 PM) would consist of 2 hours billed at 1x and 4 hours billed at 1.5x. It is also possible for a single time entry to span multiple breaks. Using the example rateTable above, a time entry from 6 AM to 9 PM would have 3 sub-ranges from 6-8 AM @ 1.5x, 8AM-5PM @ 1x, and 5-9 PM @ 1.5x. By contrast, it's also possible that a time entry may only be from 08:15:00 to 08:30:00 and be entirely encompassed in the range of a single multiplier. I could really use some help coding up some PHP (or at least devising an algorithm) that can take a day of the week, a start time and a stop time and parse into into the required subparts. It would be ideal to have the output be an array that consists of multiple entries for a (start,stop,multiplier) triplet. For the above example, the output would be: [output] => Array ( [0] => Array ( [start] => 15:00:00 [stop] => 17:00:00 [multiplier] => 1 ) [1] => Array ( [start] => 17:00:00 [stop] => 21:00:00 [multiplier] => 1.5 ) ) I just plain can't wrap my head around the logic of splitting a single (start,stop) into (potentially) multiple subparts.

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• How can you make an emacs macro wait for cscope query results?

  - by Sudhanshu

  I am trying to write a macro which calls cscope-find-functions-calling-this-function on each and every tag in a file displayed in the *Tags List* buffer (created by list-tags command). This should create a buffer which contains list of all functions calling a set of functions defined in a certain file. This is the sequence of keystrokes: 1. <f11> ;; cscope-find-functions-calling-this-function 2. RET ;; newline [shows results of cscope in a split window] 3. C-x C-p ;; mark-page 4. C-x C-x ;; icicle-exchange-point-and-mark 5. <up> ;; previous-line 6. <end> ;; end-of-line [region to copy has been marked] 7. <f7> ;; append-results-to-buffer 8. C-x ESC O ;; [move back to split window on the right] 9. C-x b ;; icicle-buffer [Switch back to *Tags List* buffer] 10. *Tags ;; self-insert-command * 5 11. SPC ;; self-insert-command 12. List* ;; self-insert-command * 5 13. RET ;; newline 14 . <down> ;; next-line [Position point on next tag in the list] Problem: I get no results in the buffer, and I found out that's because Step 3-7 execute even before cscope prints the results of query made on Steps 1-2. I can insert a pause in the macro by using C-x q, but I'd rather like the macro to wait after Step 2, until cscope has returned with the results and only then continue further. I suspect this is not possible through a macro, maybe a LISP function... I'm not a lisp expert myself. Can someone please help? Thanks! Details: I have Icicles installed so by default I get word at point in current buffer as input in minibuffer. F11 is bound to cscope-find-functions-calling-this-function windmove is installed and C-x (C-x ESC o - as shown below) takes you to the right window. F7 is bound to append-results-to-buffer which is defined as: (defun append-results-to-buffer () (interactive) (append-to-buffer (get-buffer-create "c1") (point) (mark))) This function just appends the currently marked region to a buffer named "c1".

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• Direct show video renderers suck?

  - by Daniel

  So I've been looking into the world of media playback for windows and I've started making a C# Media Player using DirectShow. I started off using the VRM-7 windowed video renderer and it was brilliant except it had a couple of small problems (multi monitors, fullscreen). But after some research I found that it's deprecated and I should be using VRM9. So I changed it to use VRM9 windowless then found out that was an old post rofl _< so finally I'm using Vista/Win7 (or XP .net 3) Enhanced Video Renderer (EVR) which is apparently the most up to date Microsoft video renderer and has all the flashy performance/quality things added to it. (tbh I haven't noticed any difference but maybe I need a blue-ray or HQ video to notice it). With using EVR everything is working fine except resizing the video. Its really laggy/choppy/teary and problem something to do with its frame queueing mechanism. To demonstrate my problem open up windows media player classic. View - Options - Playback - output Chose the "EVR" DirectShow Video renderer Now restart wmp class and play a video, while it's playing click and drag a corner to resize it. You'll notice its horribly laggy. This is the exact same problem i am having. But if you chose "EVR Custom Pres. *" or EVR Sync *" resizing works beautifully! So i tried googling around for anything about EVR resizing issues and how to fix it but i couldn't believe how little i could find. I'm guessing "Custom Pres." stands for "Custom Presenter" which sounds like they made their own. Also you'll notice on the right hand size when you swap between EVR and the other EVR's the Resizer drop down on the right greys out. So basically I wan't to know how I can fix this retarded resizing problem and is there any decent documentation out there? There is a fair bit for VMR7/9 but not much for EVR. I downloaded the DirectX SDK which apparently has samples but it was a waste of 500mb of bandwidth as it had nothing relevant. Perhaps there is some way to force it not queueing up frames if that is the problem? If you want code say the word and I'll paste some in. But it's really quite simple and nothing much happens, i'm convinced it's a problem with the EVR renderer. EDIT: Oh and one other thing, what does VLC use? If you go into vlc options and change the renderer to anything but default, they all suck. So is it using VMR7? Or its own?

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• SQLAlchemy unsupported type error - and table design issues?

  - by Az

  Hi there, back again with some more SQLAlchemy shenanigans. Let me step through this. My table is now set up as so: engine = create_engine('sqlite:///:memory:', echo=False) metadata = MetaData() students_table = Table('studs', metadata, Column('sid', Integer, primary_key=True), Column('name', String), Column('preferences', Integer), Column('allocated_rank', Integer), Column('allocated_project', Integer) ) metadata.create_all(engine) mapper(Student, students_table) Fairly simple, and for the most part I've been enjoying the ability to query almost any bit of information I want provided I avoid the error cases below. The class it is mapped from is: class Student(object): def __init__(self, sid, name): self.sid = sid self.name = name self.preferences = collections.defaultdict(set) self.allocated_project = None self.allocated_rank = 0 def __repr__(self): return str(self) def __str__(self): return "%s %s" %(self.sid, self.name) Explanation: preferences is basically a set of all the projects the student would prefer to be assigned. When the allocation algorithm kicks in, a student's allocated_project emerges from this preference set. Now if I try to do this: for student in students.itervalues(): session.add(student) session.commit() It throws two errors, one for the allocated_project column (seen below) and a similar error for the preferences column: sqlalchemy.exc.InterfaceError: (InterfaceError) Error binding parameter 4 - probably unsupported type. u'INSERT INTO studs (sid, name, allocated_rank, allocated_project) VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)' [1101, 'Muffett,M.', 1, 888 Human-spider relationships (Supervisor id: 123)] If I go back into my code I find that, when I'm copying the preferences from the given text files, it actually refers to the Project class which is mapped to a dictionary, using the unique project id's (pid) as keys. Thus, as I iterate through each student via their rank and to the preferences set, it adds not a project id, but the reference to the project id from the projects dictionary. students[sid].preferences[int(rank)].add(projects[int(pid)]) Now this is very useful to me since I can find out all I want to about a student's preferred projects without having to run another check to pull up information about the project id. The form you see in the error has the object print information passed as: return "%s %s (Supervisor id: %s)" %(self.proj_id, self.proj_name, self.proj_sup) My questions are: I'm trying to store an object in a database field aren't I? Would the correct way then, be copying the project information (project id, name, etc) into its own table, referenced by the unique project id? That way I can just have the project id field for one of the student tables just be an integer id and when I need more information, just join the tables? So and so forth for other tables? If the above makes sense, then how does one maintain the relationship with a column of information in one table which is a key index on another table? Does this boil down into a database design problem? Are there any other elegant ways of accomplishing this? Apologies if this is a very long-winded question. It's rather crucial for me to solve this, so I've tried to explain as much as I can, whilst attempting to show that I'm trying (key word here sadly) to understand what could be going wrong.

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• How do you use technology to memorize set of terms?

  - by user49767

  Always there are few set of items needs to be memorized in short span of time. Here are my following cases. 1) My Job requires some set of items needs to be memorized. 2) I am a developer who has to learn 150+ tags within next 3 days. 3) Fix developer/support has to remember minimum of 125+ tags (set of possible values). 4) It is better if team's SQL developer knows all the table and columns in my database. 5) When guys join new department or job. Memorizing few related items will definitely gives some benefit. Most of the cases, I suggest people to understand the domain better and nothing wrong in using google (but remember correct search-word). But recently I came across a junior developer who took lot of effort in memorizing set of things (150+ table structures, fix protocol tags, almost 300+ configuration items from property file) and was very very successful in his job and was swift in responding for support queries. Needless to say he is smart worker too (not a dumb guy). When I try to recollect some of the successful employees I met, they were so good in remembering entire schema and they did in short span of time. But I don't argue that memorizing alone gives success, but it greatly helps when situation demands. Here my question is, I am not good at remembering things, but it shouldn't be lame excuse. Hence I am evaluating using technolgies better to memorize set of items. Not very much interested in memory techniques (mnemoninc, photography memory, etc..). Even I have recorded 100+ items and listen to that whenever I found free time, defintely there were some fruitful result. Now I need your suggestion about what are all the ways to exploit technology to memorize. There could be so many reason why guys remember a subject (passionate, essential, author, creator, responsbile). Not interested in dissecting why guys remeber. Rather much interested in using ways, and techniques (cheat sheet...) to remember a set of itmes. Note : I appreciate, encourage people who could rephrase my question better. Note : I have kept couple of cheat-sheet close to my monitor, honestly it did not help me :).

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• Help me understand this "Programming pearls" bitsort program

  - by ardsrk

  Jon Bentley in Column 1 of his book programming pearls introduces a technique for sorting a sequence of non-zero positive integers using bit vectors. I have taken the program bitsort.c from here and pasted it below: /* Copyright (C) 1999 Lucent Technologies */ /* From 'Programming Pearls' by Jon Bentley */ /* bitsort.c -- bitmap sort from Column 1 * Sort distinct integers in the range [0..N-1] */ #include <stdio.h> #define BITSPERWORD 32 #define SHIFT 5 #define MASK 0x1F #define N 10000000 int a[1 + N/BITSPERWORD]; void set(int i) { int sh = i>>SHIFT; a[i>>SHIFT] |= (1<<(i & MASK)); } void clr(int i) { a[i>>SHIFT] &= ~(1<<(i & MASK)); } int test(int i){ return a[i>>SHIFT] & (1<<(i & MASK)); } int main() { int i; for (i = 0; i < N; i++) clr(i); /*Replace above 2 lines with below 3 for word-parallel init int top = 1 + N/BITSPERWORD; for (i = 0; i < top; i++) a[i] = 0; */ while (scanf("%d", &i) != EOF) set(i); for (i = 0; i < N; i++) if (test(i)) printf("%d\n", i); return 0; } I understand what the functions clr, set and test are doing and explain them below: ( please correct me if I am wrong here ). clr clears the ith bit set sets the ith bit test returns the value at the ith bit Now, I don't understand how the functions do what they do. I am unable to figure out all the bit manipulation happening in those three functions. Please help.

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• using getScript to import plugin on page using multiple versions of jQuery

  - by mikez302

  I am developing an app on a page that uses jQuery 1.2.6, but I would like to use jQuery 1.4.2 for my app. I really don't like to use multiple versions of jQuery like this but the copy on the page (1.2.6) is something I have no control over. I decided to isolate my code like this: <!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"> <html><head> <script type="text/javascript" src="jquery-1.2.6.min.js> <script type="text/javascript" src="pageStuff.js"> </head> <body> Welcome to our page. <div id="app"> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.2/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="myStuff.js"> </div> </body></html> The file myStuff.js has my own code that is supposed to use jQuery 1.4.2, and it looks like this: (function($) { //wrap everything in function to add ability to use $ var with noConflict var jQuery = $; //my code })(jQuery.noConflict(true)); This is an extremely simplified version, but I hope you get the idea of what I did. For a while, everything worked fine. However, I decided to want to use a jQuery plugin in a separate file. I tested it and it acted funny. After some experimentation, I found out that the plugin was using the old version of jQuery, when I wanted it to use the new version. Does anyone know how to import and run a js file from the context within the function wrapping the code in myStuff.js? In case this matters to anyone, here is how I know the plugin is using the old version, and what I did to try to solve the problem: I made a file called test.js, consisting of this line: alert($.fn.jquery); I tried referencing the file in a script tag the way external Javascript is usually included, below myStuff.js, and it came up as 1.2.6, like I expected. I then got rid of that script tag and put this line in myStuff.js: $.getScript("test.js"); and it still came back as 1.2.6. That wasn't a big surprise -- according to jQuery's documentation, scripts included that way are executed in the global context. I then tried doing this instead: var testFn = $.proxy($.getScript, this); testFn("test.js"); and it still came back as 1.2.6. After some tinkering, I found out that the "this" keyword referred to the window, which I assume means the global context. I am looking for something to put in place of "this" to refer to the context of the enclosing function, or some other way to make the code in the file run from the enclosing function. I noticed that if I copy and paste the code, it works fine, but it is a big plugin that is used in many places, and I would prefer not to clutter up my file with their code. I am out of ideas. Does anyone else know how to do this?

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• C# - calling ext. DLL function containing Delphi "variant record" parameter

  - by CaldonCZE

  Hello, In external (Delphi-created) DLL I've got the following function that I need to call from C# application. function ReadMsg(handle: longword; var Msg: TRxMsg): longword; stdcall; external 'MyDll.dll' name 'ReadMsg'; The "TRxMsg" type is variant record, defined as follows: TRxMsg = record case TypeMsg: byte of 1: (accept, mask: longword); 2: (SN: string[6]); 3: (rx_rate, tx_rate: word); 4: (rx_status, tx_status, ctl0, ctl1, rflg: byte); end; In order to call the function from C#, I declared auxiliary structure "my9Bytes" containing array of bytes and defined that it should be marshalled as 9 bytes long array (which is exactly the size of the Delphi record). private struct my9Bytes { [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.ByValArray, ArraySubType = UnmanagedType.U1, SizeConst = 9)] public byte[] data; } Then I declared the imported "ReadMsg" function, using the "my9bytes" struct. [DllImport("MyDll.dll")] private static extern uint ReadMsg(uint handle, ref my9Bytes myMsg); I can call the function with no problem... Then I need to create structure corresponding to the original "TRxMsg" variant record and convert my auxiliary "myMsg" array into this structure. I don't know any C# equivalent of Delphi variant array, so I used inheritance and created the following classes. public abstract class TRxMsg { public byte typeMsg; } public class TRxMsgAcceptMask:TRxMsg { public uint accept, mask; //... } public class TRxMsgSN:TRxMsg { public string SN; //... } public class TRxMsgMRate:TRxMsg { public ushort rx_rate, tx_rate; //... } public class TRxMsgStatus:TRxMsg { public byte rx_status, tx_status, ctl0, ctl1, rflg; //... } Finally I create the appropriate object and initialize it with values manually converted from "myMsg" array (I used BitConverter for this). This does work fine, this solution seems to me a little too complicated, and that it should be possible to do this somehow more directly, without the auxiliary "my9bytes" structures or the inheritance and manual converting of individual values. So I'd like to ask you for a suggestions for the best way to do this. Thanks a lot!

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• What does the `forall` keyword in Haskell/GHC do?

  - by JUST MY correct OPINION

  I've been banging my head on this one for (quite literally) years now. I'm beginning to kinda/sorta understand how the foreach keyword is used in so-called "existential types" like this: data ShowBox = forall s. Show s => SB s (This despite the confusingly-worded explanations of it in the fragments found all around the web.) This is only a subset, however, of how foreach is used and I simply cannot wrap my mind around its use in things like this: runST :: forall a. (forall s. ST s a) -> a Or explaining why these are different: foo :: (forall a. a -> a) -> (Char,Bool) bar :: forall a. ((a -> a) -> (Char, Bool)) Or the whole RankNTypes stuff that breaks my brain when "explained" in a way that makes me want to do that Samuel L. Jackson thing from Pulp Fiction. (Don't follow that link if you're easily offended by strong language.) The problem, really, is that I'm a dullard. I can't fathom the chicken scratchings (some call them "formulae") of the elite mathematicians that created this language seeing as my university years are over two decades behind me and I never actually had to put what I learnt into use in practice. I also tend to prefer clear, jargon-free English rather than the kinds of language which are normal in academic environments. Most of the explanations I attempt to read on this (the ones I can find through search engines) have these problems: They're incomplete. They explain one part of the use of this keyword (like "existential types") which makes me feel happy until I read code that uses it in a completely different way (like runST, foo and bar above). They're densely packed with assumptions that I've read the latest in whatever branch of discrete math, category theory or abstract algebra is popular this week. (If I never read the words "consult the paper whatever for details of implementation" again, it will be too soon.) They're written in ways that frequently turn even simple concepts into tortuously twisted and fractured grammar and semantics. (I suspect that the last two items are the biggest problem. I wouldn't know, though, since I'm too much a dullard to comprehend them.) It's been asked why Haskell never really caught on in industry. I suspect, in my own humble, unintelligent way, that my experience in figuring out one stupid little keyword -- a keyword that is increasingly ubiquitous in the libraries being written these days -- are also part of the answer to that question. It's hard for a language to catch on when even its individual keywords cause years-long quests to comprehend. Years-long quests which end in failure. So... On to the actual question. Can anybody completely explain the foreach keyword in clear, plain English (or, if it exists somewhere, point to such a clear explanation which I've missed) that doesn't assume I'm a mathematician steeped in the jargon?

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