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• Zaypay alternatives for payments using call or sms

  - by JohannesH

  We are currently trying to implement a payment provider in zaypay for paying for services using sms or by calling a number. We already have google checkout and paypal working for regular payments but zaypay is rather inflexible, poorly documented and a pain to setup when you have hundreds of products with varying prices. So my question is, do you know of any other european payment providers that take sms and call payments? As a response to Roberts answer/question Hi Robert, I must say that the Zaypay solution is the best and only I've seen thus far regarding phoned payments. However, since its now 2 months ago I finished the implementation of our custom Zaypay UI I can't remember much of the the details of the problems we were having. I'll try to give a brief of them anyways the best I can. First of all I would like to see a redirection type scenario for payalogues. From what I remember you guys are using the JS framework "Prototype" which doesn't play nice with jQuery which we are using so we weren't able to use the popup-type scenario supported by payalogues. Furthermore when implementing our custom interface I remember a lot of missing translations, like words that were codes instead of a word or a phrase. This meant we ended up writing/translating all the messages we needed ourselves. Also, another point of annoyance was the setup of prices and items. I wish we could just send in the order items/prices as a part of the interface like you can in Google Checkout or PayPal (not that they're flawless either), instead of having to define ALL the items you will ever sell through your admin interface beforehand. As far as I can remember it is virtually impossible to use Zaypay for a multi-item order in its current form. Finally there are, as far as I can tell, some security issues that you have to think about when you implement a custom solution... especially a ajax driven one. As I said in my original post you do mention this in the documentation but I believe the documentation wasn't that comprehensive regarding security issues. Again I wish I could give more details but the code & client is long since gone, so I can't look up the comments I wrote. Sorry! Oh yeah, the general API documentation weren't exactly comprehensive and 100% correct either. Again, I don't want to advice people against using Zaypay, I just want to advice that they should try it out first on a realistic prototype and think about their implementation before releasing to production. Maybe its just me who misunderstood a lot of things but I generally had a difficult time using your framework and I was left with a feeling that the API was very new and not thought through from the beginning.

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• Memory efficient int-int dict in Python

  - by Bolo

  Hi, I need a memory efficient int-int dict in Python that would support the following operations in O(log n) time: d[k] = v # replace if present v = d[k] # None or a negative number if not present I need to hold ~250M pairs, so it really has to be tight. Do you happen to know a suitable implementation (Python 2.7)? EDIT Removed impossible requirement and other nonsense. Thanks, Craig and Kylotan! To rephrase. Here's a trivial int-int dictionary with 1M pairs: >>> import random, sys >>> from guppy import hpy >>> h = hpy() >>> h.setrelheap() >>> d = {} >>> for _ in xrange(1000000): ... d[random.randint(0, sys.maxint)] = random.randint(0, sys.maxint) ... >>> h.heap() Partition of a set of 1999530 objects. Total size = 49161112 bytes. Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Kind (class / dict of class) 0 1 0 25165960 51 25165960 51 dict (no owner) 1 1999521 100 23994252 49 49160212 100 int On average, a pair of integers uses 49 bytes. Here's an array of 2M integers: >>> import array, random, sys >>> from guppy import hpy >>> h = hpy() >>> h.setrelheap() >>> a = array.array('i') >>> for _ in xrange(2000000): ... a.append(random.randint(0, sys.maxint)) ... >>> h.heap() Partition of a set of 14 objects. Total size = 8001108 bytes. Index Count % Size % Cumulative % Kind (class / dict of class) 0 1 7 8000028 100 8000028 100 array.array On average, a pair of integers uses 8 bytes. I accept that 8 bytes/pair in a dictionary is rather hard to achieve in general. Rephrased question: is there a memory-efficient implementation of int-int dictionary that uses considerably less than 49 bytes/pair?

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• Various GPS Android Functionality Questions..

  - by Tyler

  Hello - I have a few questions (so far) with the the LocationManager on Android and GPS in general.. Feel free to answer any number of the questions below, and I appreciate your help in advance! (I noticed this stuff doesn't appear to be documented very well, so hopefully these questions will help others out too!) 1) I am using the following code, but I think there may be extra fluff in here that I do not need. Can you tell me if I can delete any of this? LocationManager lm = (LocationManager) getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); LocationListener locationListener = new MyLocationListener(); lm.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, 0, 0, locationListener); LocationProvider locationProvider = lm.getProvider("gps"); Location currentLocation = lm.getLastKnownLocation(locationProvider.getName()); 2) Is there a way to hold off on the last step (accessing "getLastKnownLocation" until after I am sure I have a GPS lock? What happens if this is called and GPS is still looking for signal? 3) MOST importantly, I want to ensure I have a GPS lock before I proceed to my next method, so is there a way to check to see if GPS is locked on and getLastKnownLocation is up to date? 4) Is there a way to 'shut down' the GPS listener once it does receive a lock and getLastKnownLocation is updated? I don't see a need to keep this running for my application once I have obtained a lock.. 5) Can you please confirm my assumption that "getLastKnownLocation" is updated frequently as the receiver moves? 6) In my code, I also have a class called "MyLocationListener" (code below) that I honestly just took from another example.. Is this actually needed? I assume this updates my location manager whenever the location changes, but it sure doesn't appear that there is much to the class itself! private class MyLocationListener implements LocationListener { @Override public void onLocationChanged(Location loc) { if (loc != null) { //Toast.makeText(getBaseContext(), "Location changed : Lat: " + loc.getLatitude() + " Lng: " + loc.getLongitude(), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } @Override public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } @Override public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub } }

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• Adding NavigationControl to a TabBar Application containing UITableViews

  - by kungfuslippers

  Hi, I'm new to iPhone dev and wanted to get advice on the general design pattern / guide for putting a certain kind of app together. I'm trying to build a TabBar type application. One of the tabs needs to display a TableView and selecting a cell from within the table view will do something else - maybe show another table view or a web page. I need a Navigation Bar to be able to take me back from the table view/web page. The approach I've taken so far is to: Create an app based around UITabBarController as the rootcontroller i.e. @interface MyAppDelegate : NSObject <UIApplicationDelegate> { IBOutlet UIWindow *window; IBOutlet UITabBarController *rootController; } Create a load of UIViewController derived classes and associated NIBs and wire everything up in IB so when I run the app I get the basic tabs working. I then take the UIViewController derived class and modify it to the following: @interface MyViewController : UIViewController<UITableViewDataSource, UITableViewDelegate> { } and I add the delegate methods to the implementation of MyViewController - (NSInteger)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView numberOfRowsInSection:(NSInteger)section { return 2; } - (UITableViewCell *)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView cellForRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath { static NSString *CellIdentifier = @"Cell"; UITableViewCell *cell = [tableView dequeueReusableCellWithIdentifier:CellIdentifier]; if (cell == nil) { cell = [[[UITableViewCell alloc] initWithStyle:UITableViewCellStyleDefault reuseIdentifier:CellIdentifier] autorelease]; } if (indexPath.row == 0) { cell.textLabel.text = @"Mummy"; } else { cell.textLabel.text = @"Daddy"; } return cell; } Go back to IB , open MyViewController.xib and drop a UITableView onto it. Set the Files Owner to be MyViewController and then set the delegate and datasource of the UITableView to be MyViewController. If I run the app now, I get the table view appearing with mummy and daddy working nicely. So far so good. The question is how do I go about incorporating a Navigation Bar into my current code for when I implement: - (void)tableView:(UITableView *)tableView didSelectRowAtIndexPath:(NSIndexPath *)indexPath() { // get row selected NSUInteger row = [indexPath row]; if (row == 0) { // Show another table } else if (row == 1) { // Show a web view } } Do I drop a NavigationBar UI control onto MyControllerView.xib ? Should I create it programmatically? Should I be using a UINavigationController somewhere ? I've tried dropping a NavigationBar onto my MyControllerView.xib in IB but its not shown when I run the app, only the TableView is displayed.

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• Android USB Host Communication

  - by Kip Russell

  I'm working on a project that utilizes the USB Host capabilities in Android 3.2. I'm suffering from a deplorable lack of knowledge and talent regarding USB/Serial communication in general. I'm also unable to find any good example code for what I need to do. I need to read from a USB Communication Device. Ex: When I connect via Putty (on my PC) I enter: >GO And the device starts spewing out data for me. Pitch/Roll/Temp/Checksum. Ex: $R1.217P-0.986T26.3*60 $R1.217P-0.986T26.3*60 $R1.217P-0.987T26.3*61 $R1.217P-0.986T26.3*60 $R1.217P-0.985T26.3*63 I can send the initial 'GO' command from the Android device at which time I receive an echo of 'GO'. Then nothing else on any subsequent reads. How can I: 1) Send the 'go' command. 2) Read in the stream of data that results. The USB device I'm working with has the following interfaces (endpoints). Device Class: Communication Device (0x2) Interfaces: Interface #0 Class: Communication Device (0x2) Endpoint #0 Direction: Inbound (0x80) Type: Intrrupt (0x3) Poll Interval: 255 Max Packet Size: 32 Attributes: 000000011 Interface #1 Class: Communication Device Class (CDC) (0xa) Endpoint #0 Address: 129 Number: 1 Direction: Inbound (0x80) Type: Bulk (0x2) Poll Interval (0) Max Packet Size: 32 Attributes: 000000010 Endpoint #1 Address: 2 Number: 2 Direction: Outbound (0x0) Type: Bulk (0x2) Poll Interval (0) Max Packet Size: 32 Attributes: 000000010 I'm able to deal with permission, connect to the device, find the correct interface and assign the endpoints. I'm just having trouble figuring out which technique to use to send the initial command read the ensuing data. I'm tried different combinations of bulkTransfer and controlTransfer with no luck. Thanks. I'm using interface#1 as seen below: public AcmDevice(UsbDeviceConnection usbDeviceConnection, UsbInterface usbInterface) { Preconditions.checkState(usbDeviceConnection.claimInterface(usbInterface, true)); this.usbDeviceConnection = usbDeviceConnection; UsbEndpoint epOut = null; UsbEndpoint epIn = null; // look for our bulk endpoints for (int i = 0; i < usbInterface.getEndpointCount(); i++) { UsbEndpoint ep = usbInterface.getEndpoint(i); Log.d(TAG, "EP " + i + ": " + ep.getType()); if (ep.getType() == UsbConstants.USB_ENDPOINT_XFER_BULK) { if (ep.getDirection() == UsbConstants.USB_DIR_OUT) { epOut = ep; } else if (ep.getDirection() == UsbConstants.USB_DIR_IN) { epIn = ep; } } } if (epOut == null || epIn == null) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Not all endpoints found."); } AcmReader acmReader = new AcmReader(usbDeviceConnection, epIn); AcmWriter acmWriter = new AcmWriter(usbDeviceConnection, epOut); reader = new BufferedReader(acmReader); writer = new BufferedWriter(acmWriter); }

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• DCVS + hosting for a startup commercial multiplatform phone app

  - by AG

  I'm in lean startup mode, working on a simple phone app that will be published initially as a iThingy app and an Android app with, possibly, Blackberry and Symbian versions to follow. I'm about to go from no repository to needing a central repository that up to 4 very part-time resources will be sharing. Two of us have no version control background, one has used Subversion, and I've used most of the major centralized VCS systems. I'm not going to be pushing the technical limitations of any VCS for a long time; I'm sure that any of the major systems would work fine. And the hosting accounts I've looked at seem reasonable. So I'm really focussed on minimizing the downside risks. That is, I'd like to find a stable setup that is easy to learn in general, easy to use from Windows/Eclipse, and won't paint me into any obvious corners for the next 12 months or so. A quick search of the web had led me to consider the following pairs of DVCS and hosting service, with what I think I'm hearing as their strengths and weaknesses (for my purposes): Bazaar/Launchpad -- My initial choice since I need to get more familiar with this pair for the Google Summer of Code mentoring I'm doing. But, whatever the technical merits, a non-starter for me because they are purely open source, no private repositories plans to purchase that I can see. Git/GitHub -- Git: Fast, light, ultimately flexible, but relatively less Windows friendly, Eclipse plugin (eGit) available but relatively young, GitHub: widely used, pricing is fine Mercurial/BitBucket -- Mercurial: a little less flexible, a little more Windows friendly, Eclipse plugin seems a bit more mature, BitBucket: widely used, pricing is fine, includes a wiki and an issue tracker that we might be able to use instead of something like BaseCamp, at least for a while. Mercurial/BitBucket seem like the winning pair so far for my particular situation; at least two of us are definitely going to be working mostly from Eclipse on Windows and reducing my own learning curve is a priority. ;-) But I have two specific questions: 1) Am I wrong about Bazaar/Launchpad and is there a viable, secure way to use them for proprietary code? 2) Any reason to think that the Mecurial/Bitbucket pair will end up being a headache for my Mac developer, soon, or for Blackberry or Symbian developers a little later? ag

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• Move options between multiple dropdown lists

  - by Martha

  We currently have a form with the standard multi-select functionality of "here are the available options, here are the selected options, here are some buttons to move stuff back and forth." However, the client now wants the ability to not just select certain items, but to also categorize them. For example, given a list of books, they want to not just select the ones they own, but also the ones they've read, the ones they would like to read, and the ones they've heard about. (All examples fictional.) Thankfully, a selected item can only be in one category at a time. I can find many examples of moving items between listboxes, but not a single one for moving items between multiple listboxes. To add to the complication, the form needs to have two sets of list+categories, e.g. a list of movies that need to be categorized in addition to the aforementioned books. An additional problem is that sorting between lists is all well and good in the javascript-enabled world, but I can't really think of a good fallback interface for, say, mobile browsers. Maybe a pseudo-listbox with radio buttons next to each item? The master list of items will in general be very long - over 100 items, certainly, possibly many more. Any given category will most likely contain one or two selected items, but the possibility exists for a category to have dozens of selected items, or zero selected items. As far as OS and stuff, the site is in classic asp (quit snickering!), the server-side code is VBScript, and so far we've avoided the various Javascript libraries by the simple expedient of almost never using client-side scripting. This one form for this one client is currently the big exception. Give 'em an inch and they want a mile... Oh, and I have to add: I suck at Javascript, or really at any C-descendant language. Curly braces give me hives. I'd really, really like something I can just copy & paste into my page, maybe tweak some variable names, and never look at it again. A girl can dream, can't she? :)

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• How do I debug a difficult-to-reproduce crash with no useful call stack?

  - by David M

  I am encountering an odd crash in our software and I'm having a lot of trouble debugging it, and so I am seeking SO's advice on how to tackle it. The crash is an access violation reading a NULL pointer: First chance exception at $00CF0041. Exception class $C0000005 with message 'access violation at 0x00cf0041: read of address 0x00000000'. It only happens 'sometimes' - I haven't managed to figure out any rhyme or reason, yet, for when - and only in the main thread. When it occurs, the call stack contains one incorrect entry: For the main thread, which this is, it should show a large stack full of other items. At this point, all other threads are inactive (mostly sitting in WaitForSingleObject or a similar function.) I have only seen this crash occur in the main thread. It always has the same call stack of one entry, in the same method at the same address. This method may or may not be related - we do use the VCL in our application. My bet, though, is that something (possibly quite a while ago) is corrupting the stack, and the address where it's crashing is effectively random. Note it has been the same address across several builds, though - it's probably not truly random. Here is what I've tried: Trying to reproduce it reliably at a certain point. I have found nothing that reproduces it every time, and a couple of things that occasionally do, or do not, for no apparent reason. These are not 'narrow' enough actions to narrow it down to a particular section of code. It may be timing related, but at the point the IDE breaks in, other threads are usually doing nothing. I can't rule out a threading problem, but think it's unlikely. Building with extra debugging statements (extra debug info, extra asserts, etc.) After doing so, the crash never occurs. Building with Codeguard enabled. After doing so, the crash never occurs and Codeguard shows no errors. My questions: 1. How do I find what code caused the crash? How do I do the equivalent of walking back up the stack? 2. What general advice do you have for how to trace the cause of this crash? I am using Embarcadero RAD Studio 2010 (the project mostly contains C++ Builder code and small amounts of Delphi.)

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• sending email on local machine is not working.

  - by haansi

  I am using my gmail's email account to send emails in asp.net website. It works fine on hosting server but it donot works if I try to sent email on loclserver. Please guide me what I should do to make it sending emails even on localserver ? Do I need to install some smtp server on my local machine ? I have not installed any smtp server on my machine. How and where from I can get smtp server and kindly also guide how I can do its setting to use on local machine. Thnaks Here is my Code public string SendEmail(Email email) { string errmsg = null; if (dt != null) { try { dt = systemrep.GetSystemInfo(); dr = dt.Rows[0]; From = dr["nm_EmailFrom"].ToString(); SMTP = dr["nm_SMTP"].ToString(); Port = dr["amt_Port"].ToString(); EmailId = dr["nm_emailUserId"].ToString(); EmailPassword = dr["nm_emailPassword"].ToString(); DefaultCredations = Convert.ToBoolean(dr["ind_Credentials"].ToString()); MailMessage message = new MailMessage(); SmtpClient smtp = new SmtpClient(); NetworkCredential mailAuthentication = new NetworkCredential(EmailId, EmailPassword); message.To.Add(new MailAddress(email.To)); message.From = new MailAddress(From); message.IsBodyHtml = true; message.Subject = email.Subject; message.Body = email.Message; smtp.UseDefaultCredentials = DefaultCredations; smtp.EnableSsl = true; smtp.Port = 25; smtp.DeliveryMethod = SmtpDeliveryMethod.Network; smtp.Host = SMTP; smtp.Credentials = new NetworkCredential(EmailId, EmailPassword); smtp.Send(message); } catch (SmtpException smtpEx) { errmsg = string.Format("alert('There was a problem in sending the email: {0}');", smtpEx.Message.Replace("'", "\\'")); } catch (Exception generalEx) { errmsg = string.Format("alert('There was a general problem: {0}');", generalEx.Message.Replace("'", "\\'")); } } else errmsg = "An error accured whilte getting email settings from database, process couldn't be completed"; return errmsg; } }

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• How to combine designable components with dependency injection

  - by Wim Coenen

  When creating a designable .NET component, you are required to provide a default constructor. From the IComponent documentation: To be a component, a class must implement the IComponent interface and provide a basic constructor that requires no parameters or a single parameter of type IContainer. This makes it impossible to do dependency injection via constructor arguments. (Extra constructors could be provided, but the designer would ignore them.) Some alternatives we're considering: Service Locator Don't use dependency injection, instead use the service locator pattern to acquire dependencies. This seems to be what IComponent.Site.GetService is for. I guess we could create a reusable ISite implementation (ConfigurableServiceLocator?) which can be configured with the necessary dependencies. But how does this work in a designer context? Dependency Injection via properties Inject dependencies via properties. Provide default instances if they are necessary to show the component in a designer. Document which properties need to be injected. Inject dependencies with an Initialize method This is much like injection via properties but it keeps the list of dependencies that need to be injected in one place. This way the list of required dependencies is documented implicitly, and the compiler will assists you with errors when the list changes. Any idea what the best practice is here? How do you do it? edit: I have removed "(e.g. a WinForms UserControl)" since I intended the question to be about components in general. Components are all about inversion of control (see section 8.3.1 of the UMLv2 specification) so I don't think that "you shouldn't inject any services" is a good answer. edit 2: It took some playing with WPF and the MVVM pattern to finally "get" Mark's answer. I see now that visual controls are indeed a special case. As for using non-visual components on designer surfaces, I think the .NET component model is fundamentally incompatible with dependency injection. It appears to be designed around the service locator pattern instead. Maybe this will start to change with the infrastructure that was added in .NET 4.0 in the System.ComponentModel.Composition namespace.

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• Closure Tables - Is this enough data to display a tree view?

  - by James Pitt

  Here is the table I have created by testing the closure table method. | id | parentId | childId | hops | | | | | 270 | 6 | 6 | 0 | 271 | 7 | 7 | 0 | 272 | 8 | 8 | 0 | 273 | 9 | 9 | 0 | 276 | 10 | 10 | 0 | 281 | 9 | 10 | 1 | 282 | 7 | 9 | 1 | 283 | 7 | 10 | 2 | 285 | 7 | 8 | 1 | 286 | 6 | 7 | 1 | 287 | 6 | 9 | 2 | 288 | 6 | 10 | 3 | 289 | 6 | 8 | 2 | 293 | 6 | 9 | 1 | 294 | 6 | 10 | 2 I am trying to create a simple tree of this using PHP. There does not seem to be enough data to create the table. For example, when I look purely at parentId = 6: -Part 6 -Part 7 - ? - ? -Part 9 - ? - ? We know that parts 8 and 10 exists below Part 7 or 9, but not which. We know that part 10 exists at both 3 and 4 nodes deep but where? If I look at other data in the table it is possible to tell it should be: - Part 6 - Part 7 - Part 9 - Part 10 - Part 9 - Part 10 I thought one of the benefits of closure tables was there was no need for recursive queries? Could you help explain what I am doing wrong? EDIT: For clarification, this is a mapping table. There is another table called "parts" which has a column called part_id that correlates to both the parentId and childId columns in the "closure" table. The "id" column in the table above (closure) is just for the purposes of maintaining a primary key. It is not really necessary. The methods I have used to create this closure table is described in the following article: http://dirtsimple.org/2010/11/simplest-way-to-do-tree-based-queries.html EDIT2: It can have two and three hops. I will explain easier by assigning names to the items. Part 6 = Bicycle Part 7 = Gears Part 8 = Chain Part 9 = Bolt Part 10 = Nut Nut is part of Bolt. The Bolt and Nut combo exists directly within Bicycle and within Gears which is part of Bicycle. In relation to what method to use I have looked at Adjacency, Edges, Enum Paths, Closures, DAGS(networks) and the Nested Set Model. I am still trying to work out what is what, but this is an extremely complex component database where there are multiple parents and any modification to a sub-tree must propogate through the other trees. More importantly there will be insertions, deletions and tree views that I wish to avoid recursion during general use, even at the cost of database space and query time during entry.

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• Strange behaviour of NSString in NSView

  - by Mee

  Trying to create a Skat-Game, I encountered the following problem: isBidding is a Boolean value indicationg, the program is in a certain state, [desk selected] is a method calling returning the current selected player, chatStrings consists of dictionaries, saving strings with the player, who typed, and what he typed - (void)drawRect:(NSRect)rect { NSMutableDictionary * attributes = [NSMutableDictionary dictionary]; [attributes setObject:[NSFont fontWithName:playerFont size:playerFontSize] forKey:NSFontAttributeName]; [attributes setObject:playerFontColor forKey:NSForegroundColorAttributeName]; [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Player %i",[desk selected] + 1]drawInRect:playerStringRect withAttributes:attributes]; if (isBidding) { [attributes setObject:[NSFont fontWithName:chatFont size:chatFontSize] forKey:NSFontAttributeName]; [attributes setObject:chatFontColor forKey:NSForegroundColorAttributeName]; int i; for (i = 0; i < [chatStrings count]; i++, yProgress -= 20) { if (isBidding) [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Player %i bids: %@",[[[chatStrings objectAtIndex:i]valueForKey:@"Player"]intValue], [[chatStrings objectAtIndex:i]valueForKey:@"String"]] drawAtPoint:NSMakePoint([self bounds].origin.x, yProgress) withAttributes:attributes]; else [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Player %i: %@",[[[chatStrings objectAtIndex:i]valueForKey:@"Player"]intValue], [[chatStrings objectAtIndex:i]valueForKey:@"String"]] drawAtPoint:NSMakePoint([self bounds].origin.x, yProgress) withAttributes:attributes]; } if (isBidding) [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Player %i bids: %@",[desk selected] + 1, displayString] drawAtPoint:NSMakePoint([self bounds].origin.x, yProgress) withAttributes:attributes]; else [[NSString stringWithFormat:@"Player %i: %@",[desk selected] + 1, displayString] drawAtPoint:NSMakePoint([self bounds].origin.x, yProgress) withAttributes:attributes]; yProgress = chatFontBegin; } } This is the part determining the string's content, the string is contributed by an [event characters] method. -(void)displayChatString:(NSString *)string { displayString = [displayString stringByAppendingString:string]; [self setNeedsDisplay:YES]; } The problem if have is this: when typing in more than two letters the view displays NSRectSet{{{471, 574},{500, 192}}} and returns no more discription when I try to print it. then I get an EXC_BAD_ACCESS message, though I have not released it (as far as I can see) I also created the string with alloc and init, so I cannot be in the autorelease pool. I also tried to watch the process when it changes with the debugger, but I couldn't find any responsible code. As you can see I am still a beginner in Cocoa (and programming in general), so I would be really happy if somebody would help me with this.

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• How do we, as a community, help encourage programming in public schools? (Or state Schools for the U

  - by NoMoreZealots

  PRIMARY MOTIVATION My office gets involved with the "First Robotics" competitions and one thing that lingers year to year is the students typically have no preparation for doing even simple programming as part of the public schools system. While the science classes provide some basic grasp of mechanical and electrical concepts, by in large computer programming gets no coverage from the curriculum. (This my be different in other areas of the country/world.) What makes it worse is there is only a short period of time you have to prepare the student's and help them design the robot. Talking to some professors from local colleges, it's a problem because you can't assume even the most basic understanding for freshman CS majors. Languages like Python, Lua and BASIC are simple enough for at least high school level students, if not younger. SCOPE So how do you get public schools to support a programming, at least to the level of "Try it in BASIC" examples that used to be at the end of a chapter in my Algebra book? At least enough to prepare them for event's such as the FIRST Robotic competitions. Which the primary objectives are to teach problem solving and team work, and to possible foster an interest in Math, Science and Engineering in general. (Not force feed to them, as some people her seem to be implying.) Edit: Why teach kids: (Since 2000 CS enrollment in US colleges has decreased by 70% while college enrollment has increased, this is a PROBLEM.) Saying there is no value in teaching someone programming in Jr./High school because they might think "they know programming." Is like saying there's no value in teaching High school science and physics, because they might decide they "know physics." Leading to abuse like: "I passed a high school physics class, I'm going to develop a Unified Quantum Gravitational Theory." Better Prepared students are better students. Instead it would allows college programs to raise the bar on the entry level courses, allowing students to be weeded out based on their understanding of more advanced material. Plus people who did poorly in that in topic in High school aren't as likely to say "I think there's money in computer's so I'll computer science." Plus if people take it in high school and decide THEN that it's not for them, it's better than them wasting their money to PAY a college to figure that out. The result is that people who take the degree are more likely to succeed and be there for the RIGHT reasons. (i.e. It's what they REALLY want to do. And that's REALLY the key to being good at anything.) Programming is like anything else, the more practice and genuine interest you have the better you get. If you start them later, they get less practice. The earlier give them the opportunity to start, the more practice they will get. All other things equal, the more practice the better the programmer.

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• Is it possible to reliably auto-decode user files to Unicode? [C#]

  - by NVRAM

  I have a web application that allows users to upload their content for processing. The processing engine expects UTF8 (and I'm composing XML from multiple users' files), so I need to ensure that I can properly decode the uploaded files. Since I'd be surprised if any of my users knew their files even were encoded, I have very little hope they'd be able to correctly specify the encoding (decoder) to use. And so, my application is left with task of detecting before decoding. This seems like such a universal problem, I'm surprised not to find either a framework capability or general recipe for the solution. Can it be I'm not searching with meaningful search terms? I've implemented BOM-aware detection (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byte_order_mark) but I'm not sure how often files will be uploaded w/o a BOM to indicate encoding, and this isn't useful for most non-UTF files. My questions boil down to: Is BOM-aware detection sufficient for the vast majority of files? In the case where BOM-detection fails, is it possible to try different decoders and determine if they are "valid"? (My attempts indicate the answer is "no.") Under what circumstances will a "valid" file fail with the C# encoder/decoder framework? Is there a repository anywhere that has a multitude of files with various encodings to use for testing? While I'm specifically asking about C#/.NET, I'd like to know the answer for Java, Python and other languages for the next time I have to do this. So far I've found: A "valid" UTF-16 file with Ctrl-S characters has caused encoding to UTF-8 to throw an exception (Illegal character?) (That was an XML encoding exception.) Decoding a valid UTF-16 file with UTF-8 succeeds but gives text with null characters. Huh? Currently, I only expect UTF-8, UTF-16 and probably ISO-8859-1 files, but I want the solution to be extensible if possible. My existing set of input files isn't nearly broad enough to uncover all the problems that will occur with live files. Although the files I'm trying to decode are "text" I think they are often created w/methods that leave garbage characters in the files. Hence "valid" files may not be "pure". Oh joy. Thanks.

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• Symfony2 Entity to array

  - by Adriano Pedro

  I'm trying to migrate my flat php project to Symfony2, but its coming to be very hard. For instance, I have a table of Products specification that have several specifications and are distinguishables by its "cat" attribute in that Extraspecs DB table. Therefore I've created a Entity for that table and want to make an array of just the specifications with "cat" = 0... I supose the code is this one.. right? $typeavailable = $this->getDoctrine() ->getRepository('LabsCatalogBundle:ProductExtraspecsSpecs') ->findBy(array('cat' => '0')); Now how can i put this in an array to work with a form like this?: form = $this ->createFormBuilder($product) ->add('specs', 'choice', array('choices' => $typeavailableArray), 'multiple' => true) Thank you in advance :) # Thank you all.. But now I've came across with another problem.. In fact i'm building a form from an existing object: $form = $this ->createFormBuilder($product) ->add('name', 'text') ->add('genspec', 'choice', array('choices' => array('0' => 'None', '1' => 'General', '2' => 'Specific'))) ->add('isReg', 'choice', array('choices' => array('0' => 'Material', '1' => 'Reagent', '2' => 'Antibody', '3' => 'Growth Factors', '4' => 'Rodents', '5' => 'Lagomorphs'))) So.. in that case my current value is named "extraspecs", so i've added this like: ->add('extraspecs', 'entity', array( 'label' => 'desc', 'empty_value' => ' --- ', 'class' => 'LabsCatalogBundle:ProductExtraspecsSpecs', 'property' => 'specsid', 'query_builder' => function(EntityRepository $er) { return $er ->createQueryBuilder('e'); But "extraspecs" come from a relationship of oneToMany where every product has several extraspecs... Here is the ORM: Labs\CatalogBundle\Entity\Product: type: entity table: orders__regmat id: id: type: integer generator: { strategy: AUTO } fields: name: type: string length: 100 catnumber: type: string scale: 100 brand: type: integer scale: 10 company: type: integer scale: 10 size: type: decimal scale: 10 units: type: integer scale: 10 price: type: decimal scale: 10 reqcert: type: integer scale: 1 isReg: type: integer scale: 1 genspec: type: integer scale: 1 oneToMany: extraspecs: targetEntity: ProductExtraspecs mappedBy: product Labs\CatalogBundle\Entity\ProductExtraspecs: type: entity table: orders__regmat__extraspecs fields: extraspecid: id: true type: integer unsigned: false nullable: false generator: strategy: IDENTITY regmatid: type: integer scale: 11 spec: type: integer scale: 11 attrib: type: string length: 20 value: type: string length: 200 lifecycleCallbacks: { } manyToOne: product: targetEntity: Product inversedBy: extraspecs joinColumn: name: regmatid referencedColumnName: id HOw should I do this? Thank you!!!

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• java.util.zip - ZipInputStream v.s. ZipFile

  - by lucho

  Hello, community! I have some general questions regarding the java.util.zip library. What we basically do is an import and an export of many small components. Previously these components were imported and exported using a single big file, e.g.: <component-type-a id="1"/> <component-type-a id="2"/> <component-type-a id="N"/> <component-type-b id="1"/> <component-type-b id="2"/> <component-type-b id="N"/> Please note that the order of the components during import is relevant. Now every component should occupy its own file which should be externally versioned, QA-ed, bla, bla. We decided that the output of our export should be a zip file (with all these files in) and the input of our import should be a similar zip file. We do not want to explode the zip in our system. We do not want opening separate streams for each of the small files. My current questions: Q1. May the ZipInputStream guarantee that the zip entries (the little files) will be read in the same order in which they were inserted by our export that uses ZipOutputStream? I assume reading is something like: ZipInputStream zis = new ZipInputStream(new BufferedInputStream(fis)); ZipEntry entry; while((entry = zis.getNextEntry()) != null) { //read from zis until available } I know that the central zip directory is put at the end of the zip file but nevertheless the file entries inside have sequential order. I also know that relying on the order is an ugly idea but I just want to have all the facts in mind. Q2. If I use ZipFile (which I prefer) what is the performance impact of calling getInputStream() hundreds of times? Will it be much slower than the ZipInputStream solution? The zip is opened only once and ZipFile is backed by RandomAccessFile - is this correct? I assume reading is something like: ZipFile zipfile = new ZipFile(argv[0]); Enumeration e = zipfile.entries();//TODO: assure the order of the entries while(e.hasMoreElements()) { entry = (ZipEntry) e.nextElement(); is = zipfile.getInputStream(entry)); } Q3. Are the input streams retrieved from the same ZipFile thread safe (e.g. may I read different entries in different threads simultaneously)? Any performance penalties? Thanks for your answers!

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• how to: handle exceptions, best practices

  - by b0x0rz

  need to implement a global error handling, so maybe you can help out with the following example... i have this code: public bool IsUserAuthorizedToSignIn(string userEMailAddress, string userPassword) { // get MD5 hash for use in the LINQ query string passwordSaltedHash = this.PasswordSaltedHash(userEMailAddress, userPassword); // check for email / password / validity using (UserManagementDataContext context = new UserManagementDataContext()) { var users = from u in context.Users where u.UserEMailAdresses.Any(e => e.EMailAddress == userEMailAddress) && u.UserPasswords.Any(p => p.PasswordSaltedHash == passwordSaltedHash) && u.IsActive == true select u; // true if user found return (users.Count() == 1) ? true : false; } } and the md5 as well: private string PasswordSaltedHash(string userEMailAddress, string userPassword) { MD5 hasher = MD5.Create(); byte[] data = hasher.ComputeHash(Encoding.Default.GetBytes(userPassword + userEMailAddress)); StringBuilder stringBuilder = new StringBuilder(); for (int i = 0; i < data.Length; i++) { stringBuilder.Append(data[i].ToString("x2")); } Trace.WriteLine(String.Empty); Trace.WriteLine("hash: " + stringBuilder.ToString()); return stringBuilder.ToString(); } so, how would i go about handling exceptions from these functions? they first one is called from the Default.aspx page. the second one is only called from other functions from the class library. what is the best practice? surround code INSIDE each function with try-catch surround the FUNCTION CALL with try-catch something else?? what to do if exceptions happen? in this example: this is a user sign in, so somehow even if everything fails, the user should get some meaningful info - along the lines: sign in ok (just redirect), sign in not ok (wrong user name / password), sign in not possible due to internal problems, sorry (exception happened). for the first function i am worried if there is a problem with database access. not sure if there is anything that needs to be handled in the second one. thnx for the info. how would you do it? need specific info on this (easier for me to understand), but also general info on how to handle other tasks/functions. i looked around the internet but everyone has different things to say, so unsure what to do... will go with either most votes here, or most logicaly explained answer :) thank you.

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• Sanity Check: change event not firing first time using keyboard

  - by macca1

  I've done a good amount of research on this and found a bunch of reported problems and solutions but the general consensus seems that all change problems in IE6 were fixed in jQuery 1.4.2. I'm having an issue where a change event is not firing in jQuery 1.4.2, but it did fire successfully in jQuery 1.3.2. This is in IE6. I'm about to submit a bug for this, but for my sanity I wanted to post it here first to see if there's something dumb I'm missing. I don't understand why this is working this way... <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>jQuery 1.4.2 Problem </TITLE> <script src="jquery-1.4.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> $(document).ready( function() { $("#firstBox").change(function() { alert("CHANGE"); }); // ONLOAD of document autofocus into the first element... $("form").find(":input:visible:first").focus() }); </script> </HEAD> <BODY> <form> <select id="firstBox"> <option value="" selected="selected">--</option> <option value="1">One</option> <option value="2">Two</option> </select> <br><br> <input size="10" id="secondBox"> </form> </BODY> </HTML> Simple enough, right? Onload of the page, give the first element focus. Onchange of the first element, alert. If you use the mouse, it works as expected. The page loads, the focus is in the drop down, you change the option, you get the alert. The problem is if you use the keyboard. The page loads, the focus is in the drop down, you press the down arrow. The option changes. Tab off the field, no alert. Weird. To make it even weirder, if you tab back into the field and change it again (all using the keyboard), the change event DOES fire after tab out this time. Any ideas?

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• jQuery 1.4.2 and IE6: change event not firing first time using keyboard

  - by macca1

  I've done a good amount of research on this and found a bunch of reported problems and solutions but the general consensus seems that all change problems in IE6 were fixed in jQuery 1.4.2. I'm having an issue where a change event is not firing in jQuery 1.4.2, but it did fire successfully in jQuery 1.3.2. This is in IE6. I'm about to submit a bug for this, but for my sanity I wanted to post it here first to see if there's something dumb I'm missing. I don't understand why this is working this way... <HTML> <HEAD> <TITLE>jQuery 1.4.2 Problem </TITLE> <script src="jquery-1.4.2.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> $(document).ready( function() { $("#firstBox").change(function() { alert("CHANGE"); }); // ONLOAD of document autofocus into the first element... $("form").find(":input:visible:first").focus() }); </script> </HEAD> <BODY> <form> <select id="firstBox"> <option value="" selected="selected">--</option> <option value="1">One</option> <option value="2">Two</option> </select> <br><br> <input size="10" id="secondBox"> </form> </BODY> </HTML> Simple enough, right? Onload of the page, give the first element focus. Onchange of the first element, alert. If you use the mouse, it works as expected. The page loads, the focus is in the drop down, you change the option, you get the alert. The problem is if you use the keyboard. The page loads, the focus is in the drop down, you press the down arrow. The option changes. Tab off the field, no alert. Weird. To make it even weirder, if you tab back into the field and change it again (all using the keyboard), the change event DOES fire after tab out this time. Any ideas?

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• How to enable UAC prompt through programming

  - by peter

  I want to implement a UAC prompt for an application in visualc++ the operating system is 32bit x7460(2processor) Windowsserver 2008 the exe is myproject.exe through manifest.. Here for testing i wl build the application in Windows XP OS and copy the exe in to system containg the Windowsserver 2008 machine and replace it So what i did is i added a manifest like this name of that is myproject.exe.manifest My project has 3 folders like Headerfile,Resourcefile and Source file.I added this manifest(myproject.exe.manifest) in the Sourcefile folder containing other cpp and c code <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?> <assembly xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v1" manifestVersion="1.0"> <assemblyIdentity version="11.1.4.0" processorArchitecture="X7460" name="myproject" type="win32"/> <description>myproject Problem</description> <!-- Identify the application security requirements. --> <trustInfo xmlns="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:asm.v2"> <security> <requestedPrivileges> <requestedExecutionLevel level="requireAdministrator" uiAccess="false"/> </requestedPrivileges> </security> </trustInfo> </assembly> then i added this line of code in Resourcefile(.rc).Means one header file is there(Myproject.h).I added the line of code there #define MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1 MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "myproject.exe.manifest" Finally i did the following step 1. Open your project in Microsoft Visual Studio 2005. 2. Under Project, select Properties. 3. In Properties, select Manifest Tool, and then select Input and Output. 4. Add in the name of your application manifest file under Additional manifest files. 5. Rebuild your application. But i am getting lot of Syntax errors Is there any problems in the way which i followed.If i commented the line define MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID 1 MANIFEST_RESOURCE_ID RT_MANIFEST "myproject.exe.manifest" which added in Myproject.h for adding values in .rc file there willnot any error other than this general error c1010070: Failed to load and parse the manifest. The system cannot find the file specified. .\myproject.exe.manifest How to enable UAC prompt through programming

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• Idiomatic use of auto_ptr to transfer ownership to a container

  - by heycam

  I'm refreshing my C++ knowledge after not having used it in anger for a number of years. In writing some code to implement some data structure for practice, I wanted to make sure that my code was exception safe. So I've tried to use std::auto_ptrs in what I think is an appropriate way. Simplifying somewhat, this is what I have: class Tree { public: ~Tree() { /* delete all Node*s in the tree */ } void insert(const string& to_insert); ... private: struct Node { ... vector<Node*> m_children; }; Node* m_root; }; template<T> void push_back(vector<T*>& v, auto_ptr<T> x) { v.push_back(x.get()); x.release(); } void Tree::insert(const string& to_insert) { Node* n = ...; // find where to insert the new node ... push_back(n->m_children, auto_ptr<Node>(new Node(to_insert)); ... } So I'm wrapping the function that would put the pointer into the container, vector::push_back, and relying on the by-value auto_ptr argument to ensure that the Node* is deleted if the vector resize fails. Is this an idiomatic use of auto_ptr to save a bit of boilerplate in my Tree::insert? Any improvements you can suggest? Otherwise I'd have to have something like: Node* n = ...; // find where to insert the new node auto_ptr<Node> new_node(new Node(to_insert)); n->m_children.push_back(new_node.get()); new_node.release(); which kind of clutters up what would have been a single line of code if I wasn't worrying about exception safety and a memory leak. (Actually I was wondering if I could post my whole code sample (about 300 lines) and ask people to critique it for idiomatic C++ usage in general, but I'm not sure whether that kind of question is appropriate on stackoverflow.)

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• Calculating rotation and translation matrices between two odometry positions for monocular linear triangulation

  - by user1298891

  Recently I've been trying to implement a system to identify and triangulate the 3D position of an object in a robotic system. The general outline of the process goes as follows: Identify the object using SURF matching, from a set of "training" images to the actual live feed from the camera Move/rotate the robot a certain amount Identify the object using SURF again in this new view Now I have: a set of corresponding 2D points (same object from the two different views), two odometry locations (position + orientation), and camera intrinsics (focal length, principal point, etc.) since it's been calibrated beforehand, so I should be able to create the 2 projection matrices and triangulate using a basic linear triangulation method as in Hartley & Zissermann's book Multiple View Geometry, pg. 312. Solve the AX = 0 equation for each of the corresponding 2D points, then take the average In practice, the triangulation only works when there's almost no change in rotation; if the robot even rotates a slight bit while moving (due to e.g. wheel slippage) then the estimate is way off. This also applies for simulation. Since I can only post two hyperlinks, here's a link to a page with images from the simulation (on the map, the red square is simulated robot position and orientation, and the yellow square is estimated position of the object using linear triangulation.) So you can see that the estimate is thrown way off even by a little rotation, as in Position 2 on that page (that was 15 degrees; if I rotate it any more then the estimate is completely off the map), even in a simulated environment where a perfect calibration matrix is known. In a real environment when I actually move around with the robot, it's worse. There aren't any problems with obtaining point correspondences, nor with actually solving the AX = 0 equation once I compute the A matrix, so I figure it probably has to do with how I'm setting up the two camera projection matrices, specifically how I'm calculating the translation and rotation matrices from the position/orientation info I have relative to the world frame. How I'm doing that right now is: Rotation matrix is composed by creating a 1x3 matrix [0, (change in orientation angle), 0] and then converting that to a 3x3 one using OpenCV's Rodrigues function Translation matrix is composed by rotating the two points (start angle) degrees and then subtracting the final position from the initial position, in order to get the robot's straight and lateral movement relative to its starting orientation Which results in the first projection matrix being K [I | 0] and the second being K [R | T], with R and T calculated as described above. Is there anything I'm doing really wrong here? Or could it possibly be some other problem? Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• ArithmeticException thrown during BigDecimal.divide

  - by polygenelubricants

  I thought java.math.BigDecimal is supposed to be The Answer™ to the need of performing infinite precision arithmetic with decimal numbers. Consider the following snippet: import java.math.BigDecimal; //... final BigDecimal one = BigDecimal.ONE; final BigDecimal three = BigDecimal.valueOf(3); final BigDecimal third = one.divide(three); assert third.multiply(three).equals(one); // this should pass, right? I expect the assert to pass, but in fact the execution doesn't even get there: one.divide(three) causes ArithmeticException to be thrown! Exception in thread "main" java.lang.ArithmeticException: Non-terminating decimal expansion; no exact representable decimal result. at java.math.BigDecimal.divide It turns out that this behavior is explicitly documented in the API: In the case of divide, the exact quotient could have an infinitely long decimal expansion; for example, 1 divided by 3. If the quotient has a non-terminating decimal expansion and the operation is specified to return an exact result, an ArithmeticException is thrown. Otherwise, the exact result of the division is returned, as done for other operations. Browsing around the API further, one finds that in fact there are various overloads of divide that performs inexact division, i.e.: final BigDecimal third = one.divide(three, 33, RoundingMode.DOWN); System.out.println(three.multiply(third)); // prints "0.999999999999999999999999999999999" Of course, the obvious question now is "What's the point???". I thought BigDecimal is the solution when we need exact arithmetic, e.g. for financial calculations. If we can't even divide exactly, then how useful can this be? Does it actually serve a general purpose, or is it only useful in a very niche application where you fortunately just don't need to divide at all? If this is not the right answer, what CAN we use for exact division in financial calculation? (I mean, I don't have a finance major, but they still use division, right???).

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• how to filter data from xml file for displaying only selected as nodes in treeview

  - by michale

  I have an xml file named "books.xml" provided in the link "http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/desktop/ms762271(v=vs.85).aspx". What my requirement was to disaplay only the <title> from xml information as nodes in tree view. But when i did the following coding its displaying all the values as nodes like "catalog" as rootnode, book as parent node for all then author,title,genre etc as nodes but i want only root node catalogue and title as nodes not even book. Can any body guide me what modification i need to do in the exisitng logic for displaying title as nodes OpenFileDialog dlg = new OpenFileDialog(); dlg.Title = "Open XML document"; dlg.Filter = "XML Files (*.xml)|*.xml"; dlg.FileName = Application.StartupPath + "\\..\\..\\Sample.xml"; if (dlg.ShowDialog() == DialogResult.OK) { try { //Just a good practice -- change the cursor to a //wait cursor while the nodes populate this.Cursor = Cursors.WaitCursor; //First, we'll load the Xml document XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument(); xDoc.Load(dlg.FileName); //Now, clear out the treeview, //and add the first (root) node treeView1.Nodes.Clear(); treeView1.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode(xDoc.DocumentElement.Name)); TreeNode tNode = new TreeNode(); tNode = (TreeNode)treeView1.Nodes[0]; //We make a call to addTreeNode, //where we'll add all of our nodes addTreeNode(xDoc.DocumentElement, tNode); //Expand the treeview to show all nodes treeView1.ExpandAll(); } catch (XmlException xExc) //Exception is thrown is there is an error in the Xml { MessageBox.Show(xExc.Message); } catch (Exception ex) //General exception { MessageBox.Show(ex.Message); } finally { this.Cursor = Cursors.Default; //Change the cursor back } }} //This function is called recursively until all nodes are loaded private void addTreeNode(XmlNode xmlNode, TreeNode treeNode) { XmlNode xNode; TreeNode tNode; XmlNodeList xNodeList; if (xmlNode.HasChildNodes) //The current node has children { xNodeList = xmlNode.ChildNodes; for (int x = 0; x <= xNodeList.Count - 1; x++) //Loop through the child nodes { xNode = xmlNode.ChildNodes[x]; treeNode.Nodes.Add(new TreeNode(xNode.Name)); tNode = treeNode.Nodes[x]; addTreeNode(xNode, tNode); } } else //No children, so add the outer xml (trimming off whitespace) treeNode.Text = xmlNode.OuterXml.Trim(); }

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• How to generate and encode (for use in GA), random, strict, binary rooted trees with N leaves?

  - by Peter Simon

  First, I am an engineer, not a computer scientist, so I apologize in advance for any misuse of nomenclature and general ignorance of CS background. Here is the motivational background for my question: I am contemplating writing a genetic algorithm optimizer to aid in designing a power divider network (also called a beam forming network, or BFN for short). The BFN is intended to distribute power to each of N radiating elements in an array of antennas. The fraction of the total input power to be delivered to each radiating element has been specified. Topologically speaking, a BFN is a strictly binary, rooted tree. Each of the (N-1) interior nodes of the tree represents the input port of an unequal, binary power splitter. The N leaves of the tree are the power divider outputs. Given a particular power divider topology, one is still free to map the power divider outputs to the array inputs in an arbitrary order. There are N! such permutations of the outputs. There are several considerations in choosing the desired ordering: 1) The power ratio for each binary coupler should be within a specified range of values. 2) The ordering should be chosen to simplify the mechanical routing of the transmission lines connecting the power divider. The number of ouputs N of the BFN may range from, say, 6 to 22. I have already written a genetic algorithm optimizer that, given a particular BFN topology and desired array input power distribution, will search through the N! permutations of the BFN outputs to generate a design with compliant power ratios and good mechanical routing. I would now like to generalize my program to automatically generate and search through the space of possible BFN topologies. As I understand it, for N outputs (leaves of the binary tree), there are $C_{N-1}$ different topologies that can be constructed, where $C_N$ is the Catalan number. I would like to know how to encode an arbitrary tree having N leaves in a way that is consistent with a chromosomal description for use in a genetic algorithm. Also associated with this is the need to generate random instances for filling the initial population, and to implement crossover and mutations operators for this type of chromosome. Any suggestions will be welcome. Please minimize the amount of CS lingo in your reply, since I am not likely to be acquainted with it. Thanks in advance, Peter

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