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• Configure Postfix to use external MX servers for delivery of local mail if user is unknown

  - by mr.b

  I have a following setup: linux box with postfix configured to be responsible for example.com domain domain's MX servers are configured so that mail sent to example.com is sent to google mail servers several user accounts on linux machine exist (same machine also hosts example.com site) When someone from the outside attempts to send mail to address ending with @example.com, it gets routed to google mail (and there handled appropriately). When linux machine tries to send mail to outside world, mail is delivered correctly, as reverse dns and spf records are configured correctly, so linux machine is valid mail sender for example.com domain (along with google mail servers). However, here's the problem. When php application (hosted at linux box) tries to send mail to [email protected] (and someuser doesn't exist on linux box), it fails, since it doesn't even consult google mail servers, but postfix smtp locally concludes that "someuser" is unknown. So, the question is: how do I tell postfix to relay mails sent to @example.com domain to google mail servers (so, to servers specified in MX records), IF and only if a mailbox is not found locally.

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• SSL Certificates, two-way authentication and loadbalancers

  - by 5arx

  We're looking to implement two-way authentication with client certificates for a privileged subset of our application users. The idea will be that if a certificate is detected the user will be asked for an additional password/PIN and that will be used to verify the certificate and user. Ordinary users will continue to authenticate themselves via the standard login mechanism. Our production environment (hosted by a well-known company) comprises load-balanced application servers and I'm unclear as to how this set-up will handle the certificates and I'm not certain if there are any pitfalls I should be aware of. I would very appreciate some thoughts, comments or real-world advice on the subject.

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• Odd internet packet routing

  - by NachoChip

  I want to know is there anyway to explicitly control the packet routing. I try to connect my computer in HK from San Francisco. It is extremely slow and I use tracert to see what is going on. It seems the packet get routed from HK to Europe and then to New York and then to San Francisco. In US, I am using Astound Cable. Is there any suggestion I can force the packet to not go around the world before it reach my computer? Or it is all ISP dependent?

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• Troubleshooting mailserver (Postfix, Dovecot) on Ubuntu Server 9.10?

  - by Christoffer

  I have configured a mail server with Postfix and Dovecot on Ubuntu Server 9.10. I followed the guidelines here (using Maildir): https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Postfix https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Dovecot The tests seemed alright so I connected it to GMail which is able to connect and fetch e-mails. But since there's no e-mail in the Maildir/ directory I can't decide if the problem is Postfix or Dovecot. And I am totally new to mailservers so I don't know where to start troubleshooting. So, I want to start by testing Dovecot. How can I create a fake "Hello World"-email directly on the server (using a text editor) so that I can try to fetch it with GMail? If Dovecot is alright, where do I start looking for errors in Postfix? Thank you for your time. Christoffer

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• How do you keep up with Nagios/Capistrano configs when using EC2?

  - by imaginative

  I use Amazon EC2 for my mobile app. Depending on load of the application at a given time, I might spawn new instances and then take them down when load is lower to save costs. How does one keep up with Nagios configurations for such a dynamic environment? When one deals with managed hardware, configuration files are predictable. In this case Nagios, Capistrano and a bunch of other configuration files would need to be added. Capistrano needs to know where to deploy a new build to for an app server. Nagios needs to know to remove an existing instance or add a new instance for monitoring. Nagios also needs to know if a node was intentionally taken down or if the host is down due to error. How is this done with the wonderful world of VPS/dynamic instances?

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• Using gitlab behind Apache proxy all urls are wrong

  - by Hippyjim

  I've set up Gitlab on Ubuntu 12.04 using the default package from https://about.gitlab.com/downloads/ As I had Apache installed already I have to run nginx on localhost:8888. The problem is, all images (such as avatars) are now served from that url, and all the checkout urls Gitlab gives are also the same - instead of using my domain name. If I change /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb to use that url, then Gitlab stops working and gives a 503. Any ideas how I can tell Gitlab what URL to present to the world, even though it's really running on localhost? /etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb looks like: # Change the external_url to the address your users will type in their browser external_url 'http://my.local.domain' redis['port'] = 6379 postgresql['port'] = 2345 unicorn['port'] = 3456 and /opt/gitlab/embedded/conf/nginx.conf looks like: server { listen localhost:8888; server_name my.local.domain;

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• Questions about Domains and DNS

  - by ShoX

  Hi, I am totally new to the DNS and server hosting world and not quite sure what I need. I want to get a domain, forward it to my own server, so that the user sees example.com in the url bar and example.com/foo/bar will work. Depending on what subdomain it is, it should do different things (another base-directory at webserver, ftp, etc). Also my email should be able to be sent to and received by that server. What irritates me, is the fact, that in the A-record I can only list IP-addresses and no ports. So do I have to set up a nameserver on my own server? Or do I accomplish this via vhosts on my webserver? I would appreciate any help or link to a tutorial. I know how DNS works, know some basic apache-stuff, etc... so no need to explain that. Thanks

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• How to address an EC2 instance from both inside and outside datacenter?

  - by Alexandr Kurilin

  I'm trying to find a good way of being able to address my EC2 database instance from both inside and outside of the datacenter. Other EC2 instances need to be able to call into it, and other clients like pgAdmin might need to connect to it from the outside world as well. It's my understanding that using the internal and external DNS names is sustainable long term as each reboot leads to a change. I'm thinking of associating an Elastic IP with the instance and giving it an A record (say db1.mydomain.com) which I then will use both within and outside the datacenter. Further instances in the same role will get the same treatment and a DNS record of db2.mydomain.com etc. Now, is there a cleaner and more stable way of achieving this result? Am going about this the wrong way? Suggestions?

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• FTP "PUT" fails from Virtual Machine, but not host PC: 504 Command not implemented for that paramete

  - by BrianH

  I have an FTP Script I'm using to automate a file transfer. The transfer works fine on my PC (XP SP2), but when I try and run it on a VM on my PC (XP SP2), the "put" commands gives off: 504 Command not implemented for that parameter. FTP File: open [ftp site] [username] [password] cd [directory on FTP server] binary hash put ..\[subfolder1]\[Subfolder2]\[subfolder3]\[filename] bye The FTP site/server is around the world, and not under my control. From what I understand of a 504, that means the command should NEVER work, but since the same script DOES work on my PC (hosting the VM), that eliminates syntax, file naming, etc. The put command when triggered from the VM, actually creates a 0 length file on the target FTP server, but doesn't populate the file.

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• IIS 7.5 website application pool with 'full control' permissions hackable?

  - by Caroline Beltran

  Although I would never set this permission, I would like to know how a static html website with the permission mentioned in the title could be compromised. In my humble opinion, I would guess that this would pose no threat since a web visitor has no way to upload/edit/delete anything. What if the site was a simple PHP website that simply displayed ‘hello world’? What if this PHP site had a contact us form that was properly sanitized? Thank you EDIT: I should mention that restricting IIS to GET and POST requests only, otherwise people anybody can delete and upload content.

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• Explaining Git to someone new to revision control

  - by MaxMackie

  I've recently decided to jump into the whole world of revision control to work on some open source projects I have. I looked around (subversion, mercurial, git, etc) and found that Git seemed to make more sense conceptually to me. I've set everything up on my computer (opensuse) and made an account on gitorious (let me know if there is a more simple/better hosting provider). I understand Git from a conceptual point of view (work locally, commit to a local repo, others can now checkout from you, right?). But where does gitorious come into play? I commit to them as well as committing locally? Apart from conceptually, I don't quite understand HOW it works when it comes to making a local repository and running git init inside a folder and that HEAD file. Keep in mind I have never used any form of revision control ever before. So even the most basic concepts are foreign to me. As I post this, I'm also reading up and trying to figure it out myself.

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• Can someone explain the physical architecture of RAID 10 in complete layman's terms?

  - by Hank

  I am a newbie in the world of storage and I am having a hard time digesting the physical architecture of some of the RAID levels. I am particularly interested in RAID 10, and 50. I asked the question specifically about RAID 10, because I feel if I understand that, I'll understand the other. So, I get the definition of RAID 10 - "minimum 4 disks, a striped array whose segments are mirrored". If I've got 4 disks and Disks 1 and 2 are a mirrored pair, and Disks 3 and 4 are a mirrored pair - where does the data get striped? Thanks.

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• MySQL will Stop working after being Started

  - by user115343

  i am new to a webserver thing. I use Centmin mod to install nginx + mariaDB to setup small wordpress blog,the first day it is ok,there are nice "hello world" on my box's IP,but today i have checked that mysql is stop working so i immediately start it again but it is stoped again after some minutes! i use this tutorial but still,it will stop after some period here is my log [root@rylai ~]# tail -f /var/log/mysqld.log 120326 16:19:05 [Note] Plugin 'PBXT_STATISTICS' is disabled. 120326 16:19:05 [Note] Plugin 'InnoDB' is disabled. 120326 16:19:06 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 120326 16:19:06 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.2.10-MariaDB-mariadb107' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 (MariaDB - http://mariadb.com/) 120326 16:20:36 mysqld_safe Number of processes running now: 0 120326 16:20:36 mysqld_safe mysqld restarted 120326 16:20:39 [Note] Plugin 'ARCHIVE' is disabled. 120326 16:20:39 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 120326 16:20:40 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/rylai.pid ended I only access mysql on CLI,didnt install any panel yet

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• What's required to enable communication between two IP ranges located behind one switch?

  - by Eric3

  Within our co-located networking closet, we have control over two ranges of 254 addresses, e.g. 64.123.45.0/24 and 65.234.56.0/24. The problem is, if a host has only one IP address, or a block of addresses in only one range, it can't contact any of the addresses in the other subnet. All of our hosts use our hosting provider's respective gateway, e.g. 64.123.45.1 or 65.234.56.1 A host on the 64.123.45.0/24 range can contact the 65.234.56.1 gateway and vice-versa Everything in our closet is connected to an HP ProCurve 2810 (a Layer 2-only switch), which connects through a Juniper NetScreen-25 firewall to the outside world What can I do to enable communication between the two ranges? Is there some settings I can change, or do I need better networking equipment?

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• Write to windows share mounted in Ubuntu

  - by aidan

  I used to mount a windows share in Ubuntu server, with an entry in fstab: //data/SharedFolder /media/SharedFolder/ smbfs user,defaults,credentials=/root/.creds,uid=root,gid=root 0 0 /root/.creds is a text file with three lines, my username, password and domain. Users on the ubuntu server could write to this mount, but then I upgraded to 10.04 and now only root can write. Regular users can still read though. mount currently tells me: //data/SharedFolder on /media/SharedFolder type cifs (rw,mand,noexec,nosuid,nodev) How do I make it world writeable again? Thanks

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• How to sync bookmarks between Firefox, Chrome, and Safari on multiple computers?

  - by Tai Squared

  There are some similar question on bookmark syncing, but most answers point to Delicious or Google bookmarks. However, as Chrome doesn't have the Google toolbar, how would those sync? I use several computers and different browsers on them so I would like a easy solution to keep all of the bookmarks in sync on various computers and browsers in the same organizational structure throughout. Also, I would prefer to have my bookmarks only synced to my account, not necessarily visible to the whole world as on Delicious. Is there any service that could handle this?

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• Which Wine DLLs should I *not* overwrite with the real thing?

  - by endolith

  I have a legit installation of Windows XP and dual boot with Ubuntu (currently Karmic). WineHQ says it's possible to use DLLs from a real installation of Windows in place of "DLLs that Wine does not currently implement very well". So I'd like to just create softlinks that point to all of the DLLs in my real Windows System32 folder, under the theory that this would help things function better and behave in a less buggy, more native way. But should I go as far as replacing the Wine DLLs with the real ones? If so, are there any DLLs that need to remain the way they are for compatibility with the Linux world? Which ones are safe to replace?

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• Throttling apache downloads selectively

  - by Synchro

  I have a linux box running Debian Sarge (old I know) and apache 2.0.54. It serves two kinds of files - regular web pages and small images, and a lot of large podcast mp3s. The podcast downloads swamp the connection and make the rest of the site unresponsive, so I'm looking to throttle the data transfer rate (not the request rate) of just the podcasts. I've set up haproxy using this technique which does what it says it will, but solves a different problem - even only 5 simultaneous podcast downloads is enough to saturate the link. In a perfect world, haproxy would support per-connection throttling, but it doesn't. So far I've looked at mod_bw (won't compile for me, seems unsupported), mod_cband (unsupported, widely reported as problematic) and iptables using tc. The iptables approach would allow me to throttle things, but would not be at all selective, slowing down everything on the server, not just the podcasts, so would just move the bottleneck without changing overall behaviour. Ideas?

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• create a bootable usb to automatic repair windows xp system32 files

  - by Edo Post

  Is it possible to create a script/live distro that replaces some system32 files? To explain it a bit more in details: There is a company that has multiple computers (think in 100/1000's) and they all are missing the same system32 files since the company's software removed it. The systems are distributed all over the world and are managed by "normal" people who don't have any knowledge about computers. I want to create a usb stick that i can mail to all those people which contains a script that executes when you boot the usb. this script should replace the missing system32 files without any user input is this possible, and if so how could i manage this?

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• Squid stale-while-revalidate not working when max-age=0

  - by Wiliam

  Squid 2.7 always reaches backend, expected is to reach backend using stale-while-revalidate only when cache expires, not when client triggers max-age=0. Script: <?php header('Cache-Control: public, max-age=10, stale-if-error=200, stale-while-revalidate=500'); header("Last-Modified: " . gmdate("D, d M Y H:i:s") . " GMT"); sleep(2); die("OK"); And squid config: # http_port public_ip:port accel defaultsite= default hostname, if not provided http_port 80 accel defaultsite=mydomain.com # IP and port of your main application server (or multiple) cache_peer 127.0.0.1 parent 8000 0 no-query allow-miss originserver name=main # Do not tell the world that which squid version we're running httpd_suppress_version_string on # Remove the Caching Control header for upstream servers header_access Cache-Control deny all #header_access Last-Modified deny all # log all incoming traffic in Apache format logformat combined %>a %ui %un [%tl] "%rm %ru HTTP/%rv" %Hs %<st "%{Referer}>h" "%{User-Agent}>h" %Ss:%Sh access_log /usr/local/squid/var/logs/squid.log combined all cache_effective_user squid refresh_pattern . 10080 90% 999999 ignore-no-cache override-expire ignore-private icp_port 0

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• RAID 1 after install and two controlers

  - by jfreak53

  I have question regarding RAID 1. Can I setup software RAID 1 after having installed the first drive and setup ubuntu 12? I know that during server install and partitioning I can select RAID and setup then, but what I am not clear on is how in the world to setup RAID 1 after the fact? Can someone provide directions for this? Also, can I RAID 1 two drives one being 500GB and the mirror drive being 1TB? Of course the mirror drive would have a 500GB partition but that's my point. Lastly, can one drive be on IDE and the other on a SATA controller? I know speed will be an issue, that doesn't matter, I just need to know if it will work without corrupting data and if it's the same process? Thanks.

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• What's more cost effective, Hosting your web startup on Foss or Windows?

  - by user37899

  Hi, Not coming from the windows world, I'm confused about licensing. I think my knowledge may be out of date. Before we gave up with windows web servers (IIS 2), we used to have to pay Client Access licence's. This worked out quite expensive. Is it cheaper to host 1000's of users on Windows than use Free open source software tools? http://serverfault.com/questions/124329/network-load-balancing-efficience-and-limits. This post suggests I can pay $15 a month, for unlimited users. I certainly hope that this is unbiased view, I am a professional and use the right technology for the right job. I hope i am not feeling the wrath of a windows (or linux for that matter) fanboy. Perhaps a Microsoft certified Licensing person can clear this up. Should i be recommending to startups windows servers and products over lamp? Cheers!

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• One NIC going to sleep on Centos system

  - by sbleon

  I have two Dell boxes with two ethernet ports a piece. I have a cable directly connecting two of these ports, creating a tiny LAN with 10.3.3.x addresses. The other port on each box is hooked up to a switch and has a DHCP-supplied address to talk to the outside world. I've noticed that when scp'ing large files from one box to the other over the private LAN, the transfers sometimes stall. It appears that any other network activity on either box will cause the transfer to resume. Wake-on-LAN is disabled on all interfaces according to ethtool. What else could be causing these stalled transfers?

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• Automatically cycle numerous or large files to the trash

  - by minameismud

  I've been tasked with fixing a vendor's program that, under certain conditions, dumps gigs of junk files into a log directory. It ends up filling users' machines. My task is to figure out how to make it stop without any source code or additional running processes, and without making the program kasplode. In other words, I'm looking to use a feature of the file system to control the growth. One idea I had was to make a hard link from that folder to NUL, as you might with /dev/null in the linux world. However, my attempts to use the mklink program to create a junction result in a message that says Local volumes are required to complete the operation. Any ideas on how to complete the junction, or other ideas to solve the problem?

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• Forward requests to IIS Application/Folder to Apache server on another port

  - by TheGwa

  I have found many questions and answers for ways of doing this using asapi filters or ARR and URL Rewrite, but none are clear and concise and I am sure many people have this issue. I am looking for a best practice step by step solution to the following scenario: I have a development server accessible externally via a specific port for testing. Eg. rnd.domain.com:8888. So there is one port in and out of this machine accessible to the world. On this server I have a number of Apache or other servers using specific ports such as 8080. IIS is bound to port 80 locally as well as 8888 to get external requests and works perfectly. I would like to use an application (folder) in IIS such as rnd.domain.com:8888/mapserver to map to the local apache server in both directions. The same solution must apply in production where the domain is mapped to port 80. eg. production.domain.com/mapserver maps to 8080 on production server

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