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  • Does Ruby on Rails "has_many" array provide data on a "need to know" basis?

    - by Jian Lin
    On Ruby on Rails, say, if the Actor model object is Tom Hanks, and the "has_many" fans is 20,000 Fan objects, then actor.fans gives an Array with 20,000 elements. Probably, the elements are not pre-populated with values? Otherwise, getting each Actor object from the DB can be extremely time consuming. So it is on a "need to know" basis? So does it pull data when I access actor.fans[500], and pull data when I access actor.fans[0]? If it jumps from each record to record, then it won't be able to optimize performance by doing sequential read, which can be faster on the hard disk because those records could be in the nearby sector / platter layer -- for example, if the program touches 2 random elements, then it will be faster just to read those 2 records, but what if it touches all elements in random order, then it may be faster just to read all records in a sequential way, and then process the random elements. But how will RoR know whether I am doing only a few random elements or all elements in random?

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  • Any disadvantages to this tagging approach

    - by donpal
    I have a table of tags ID tag --- ------ 1 tagt 2 tagb 3 tagz 4 tagn In my items table, I'm using those tags in serialized format, comma delimited ID field1 tags ---- ------ ----- 1 value1 tagt,tagb 2 value2 tagb 3 value3 tagb,tagn 4 value4 When I need to find items that have this tag, I plan to deserialize the tags. But I'm not actually sure how to do it, and if it's better to have a third table for associations instead between the tags and the items.

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  • How to show unread subforums?

    - by bilygates
    I have written a simple forum in PHP using PostgreSQL. The forum consists of a number of subforums (or categories, if you like) that contain topics. I have a table that stores when was the last time a user visited a topic. It's something like this: user_id, topic_id, timestamp. I can easily determine what topics should be marked as unread by comparing the timestamp of the last topic reply with the timestamp of the last user visit. My question is: how do I efficiently determine what subforums (categories) should be marked as unread? All I've come up with is this: every time a user visits a topic, update the visit timestamp and check if all the topics from the current subforum are read or unread. If they are all read, mark the subforum as read for the user. Else, mark it as unread. But I think there must be another way. Thank you in advance.

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  • sql 2008 express connection problems

    - by user163457
    Hi, I've just installed a fresh copy of SQL 2008 Express. before I did anything I opened Management Studio and successfully connected using Window Authentication. However I tried to run the following on the command line "telnet localhost 1433" and got the error "Could not open connection to the host, on port 1433: Connect failed" I checked netstat and there is nothing listening on port 1433. Before I go any further, is there a problem with the install? thanks, Shane

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  • Single Large v/s Multiple Small MySQL tables for storing Options

    - by Prasad
    Hi there, I'm aware of several question on this forum relating to this. But I'm not talking about splitting tables for the same entity (like user for example) Suppose I have a huge options table that stores list options like Gender, Marital Status, and many more domain specific groups with same structure. I plan to capture in a OPTIONS table. Another simple option is to have the field set as ENUM, but there are disadvantages of that as well. http://www.brandonsavage.net/why-you-should-replace-enum-with-something-else/ OPTIONS Table: option_id <will be referred instead of the name> name value group Query: select .. from options where group = '15' - Since this table is expected to be multi-tenant, the no of rows could grow drastically. - I believe splitting the tables instead of finding by the group would be easier to write & faster to execute. - or perhaps partitioning by the group or tenant? Pl suggest. Thanks

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  • SQLAlchemy - relationship limited on more than just the foreign key

    - by Marian
    I have a wiki db layout with Page and Revisions. Each Revision has a page_id referencing the Page, a page relationship to the referenced page; each Page has a all_revisions relationship to all its revisions. So far so common. But I want to implement different epochs for the pages: If a page was deleted and is recreated, the new revisions have a new epoch. To help find the correct revisions, each page has a current_epoch field. Now I want to provide a revisions relation on the page that only contains its revisions, but only those where the epochs match. This is what I've tried: revisions = relationship('Revision', primaryjoin = and_( 'Page.id == Revision.page_id', 'Page.current_epoch == Revision.epoch', ), foreign_keys=['Page.id', 'Page.current_epoch'] ) Full code (you may run that as it is) However this always raises ArgumentError: Could not determine relationship direction for primaryjoin condition ...`, I've tried all I had come to mind, it didn't work. What am I doing wrong? Is this a bad approach for doing this, how could it be done other than with a relationship?

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  • Rails - Scalable calculation model

    - by H O
    I currently have a calculation structure in my rails app that has models metric, operand and operation_type. Presently, the metric model has many operands, and can perform calculations based on the operation_type (e.g. sum, multiply, etc.), and each operand is defined as being right or left (i.e. so that if the operation is division, the numerator and denominator can be identified). Presently, an operand is always an attribute of some model, e.g. @customer.sales.selling_price.sum. In order to make this scalable, in need to allow an operand to be either an attribute of some kind, or the results of a previous operation, i.e. an operand can be a metric. I have included a diagram of how my models currently look: Can anyone assist me with the most elegant way of allowing an operand to be an actual operand, or another metric? Thanks! EDIT: It seems based on the only answer so far that perhaps polymorphic associations are the way to go on this, but the answer is so brief I have no idea how they could be used in this way - can anyone elaborate? EDIT 2: OK, I think I'm getting somewhere - essentially i presently have a metric, which has_many operands, and an operand has_many metrics. I need a polymorphic self join, where a metric can also have many metrics - do I need to call this something else, perhaps calculated_metrics, so that the metric model can use itself? That would leave me with a situation where a metric has_many operands, and a metric has many calculated_metrics.

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  • Systems design question: DB connection management in load-balanced n-tier

    - by aoven
    I'm wondering about the best approach to designing a DB connection manager for a load-balanced n-tier system. Classic n-tier looks like this: Client -> BusinessServer -> DBServer A load-balancing solution as I see it would then look like this: +--> ... +--+ +--> BusinessServer +--+--> SessionServer --+ Client -> Gateway --+--> BusinessServer +--| +--> DBServer +--> BusinessServer +--+--------------------+ +--> ... +--+ As pictured, the business server component is being load-balanced via multiple instances, and a hardware gateway is distributing the load among them. Session server probably needs to be situated outside the load-balancing array, because it manages state, which mustn't be duplicated. Barring any major errors in design so far, what is the best way to implement DB connection management? I've come up with a couple of options, but there may be others I'm not aware of: Introduce a new Broker component between the DBServer and the other components and let it handle the DB connections. The upside is that all the connections can be managed from a single point, which is very convenient. The downside is that now there is an additional "single point of failure" in the system. Other components must go through it for every request that involves DB in some way, which also makes this a bottleneck. Move the DB connection management into BusinessServer and SessionServer components and let each handle its own DB connections. The upside is that there is no additional "single point of failure" or bottleneck components. The downside is that there is also no control over possible conflicts and deadlocks apart from what DBServer itself can provide. What else can be done? FWIW: Technology is .NET, but none of the vendor-specific stacks are used (e.g. no WCF, MSMQ or the like).

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  • Sql server query using function and view is slower

    - by Lieven Cardoen
    I have a table with a xml column named Data: CREATE TABLE [dbo].[Users]( [UserId] [int] IDENTITY(1,1) NOT NULL, [FirstName] [nvarchar](max) NOT NULL, [LastName] [nvarchar](max) NOT NULL, [Email] [nvarchar](250) NOT NULL, [Password] [nvarchar](max) NULL, [UserName] [nvarchar](250) NOT NULL, [LanguageId] [int] NOT NULL, [Data] [xml] NULL, [IsDeleted] [bit] NOT NULL,... In the Data column there's this xml <data> <RRN>...</RRN> <DateOfBirth>...</DateOfBirth> <Gender>...</Gender> </data> Now, executing this query: SELECT UserId FROM Users WHERE data.value('(/data/RRN)[1]', 'nvarchar(max)') = @RRN after clearing the cache takes (if I execute it a couple of times after each other) 910, 739, 630, 635, ... ms. Now, a db specialist told me that adding a function, a view and changing the query would make it much more faster to search a user with a given RRN. But, instead, these are the results when I execute with the changes from the db specialist: 2584, 2342, 2322, 2383, ... This is the added function: CREATE FUNCTION dbo.fn_Users_RRN(@data xml) RETURNS varchar(100) WITH SCHEMABINDING AS BEGIN RETURN @data.value('(/data/RRN)[1]', 'varchar(max)'); END; The added view: CREATE VIEW vwi_Users WITH SCHEMABINDING AS SELECT UserId, dbo.fn_Users_RRN(Data) AS RRN from dbo.Users Indexes: CREATE UNIQUE CLUSTERED INDEX cx_vwi_Users ON vwi_Users(UserId) CREATE NONCLUSTERED INDEX cx_vwi_Users__RRN ON vwi_Users(RRN) And then the changed query: SELECT UserId FROM Users WHERE dbo.fn_Users_RRN(Data) = '59021626919-61861855-S_FA1E11' Why is the solution with a function and a view going slower?

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  • MongoDB RSS Feed Entries, Embed the Entries in the Feed Object?

    - by Patrick Klingemann
    I am saving a reference to an RSS Feed in MongoDB, each Feed has an ever growing list of Entries. As I'm designing my schema, I'm concerned about this statement from the MongoDB Schema Design - Embed vs. Reference Documentation: If the amount of data to embed is huge (many megabytes), you may read the limit on size of a single object. This will surely happen if I understand the statement correctly. So the question is, I am correct to assume that I should not embed the Feed Entries within a Feed because I'll eventually reach the limit on size of a single object?

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  • MS Access 2003 - Failure to create MDE file: error VBA is corrupt?

    - by Justin
    Ok so this is a brand new snag I have run into. I am trying to launch a new MDE from my source MDB file, and it is locking up Access. So in my mdb, I am first compacting and repairing, and then selecting create a new mde (just as I have done many times before). It looks like it is starting the process, but never gets to where it compacts when it is done, and access is not responding. So after I force close the app, I look in the folder where I am trying to create the MDE to and I see there is a new access db1 file there. If I try to open that it gives me an error that says file not found, and then it says the Visual Basic for Applications is corrupt. The thing is, I just made a very simple adjustment to the code since last launching an mde, and after this I double and triple checked it...its not that because its just a simple open this form and close this one addition. I did however have my source mdb file on a disc that I copied to my laptop, and then tried to re link the tables to the network drive (had them linked to other tables on my local drive so that I could develop offline)?? PLEASE HELP!!!

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  • Cassandra Production ready on Windows?

    - by BlackTea
    Question anyone know of any success stories of Cassandra running on windows in a production environment? I'm doing some work on Cassandra and trying to find the correct platform for it currently the platform is windows running MS-SQLas the data store. what are the dis-advantages if any when running Cassandra on a windows environment.

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  • Using jQuery to store basic text string in mySQL base?

    - by Kenny Bones
    Could someone point me in the right direction here? Basically, I've got this jQuery code snippet: $('.bggallery_images').click(function () { var newBG = "url('" + $(this).attr('src'); var fullpath = $(this).attr('src'); var filename = fullpath.replace('img/Bakgrunner/', ''); $('#wrapper').css('background-image', newBG); // Lagre til SQL $.ajax({ url: "save_to_db.php", // The url to your function to handle saving to the db data: filename, dataType: 'Text', type: 'POST', // Could also use GET if you prefer success: function (data) { // Just for testing purposes. alert('Background changed to: ' + data); } }); }); This is being run when I click a certain button. So it's actually within a click handler. If I understand this correctly, this snippet takes the source if the image I just clicked and strips it so I end up with only the filename. If I do an alert(filename), I get the filename only. So this is working ok. But then, it does an ajax call to a php file called "save_to_db.php" and sends data: filename. This is correct right? Then, it does a callback which does an alert + data. Does this seem correct so far? Cause my php file looks like this: <?php require("dbconnect2.php"); $uploadstring = $_POST['filename']; $sessionid = $_SESSION['id']; echo ($sessionid); mysql_query("UPDATE brukere SET brukerBakgrunn = '$uploadstring' WHERE brukerID=" .$_SESSION['id']); mysql_close(); ?> When I click the image, the jQuery snippet fires and I get the results of this php file as output for the alert box. I think that the variables somehow are empty. Because notice the echo($sessionid); which is a variable I've created just to test what the session ID is. And it returns nothing. What could be the issue here? Edit: I just tried to echo out the $uploadstring variable as well and it also returns nothing. It's like the jQuery snippet doesn't even pass the variable on to the php file?

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  • SQL query for selecting the firsts in a series by cloumn

    - by SP
    I'm having some trouble coming up with a query for what I am trying to do. I've got a table we'll call 'Movements' with the following columns: RecID(Key), Element(f-key), Time(datetime), Room(int) The table is holding a history of Movements for the Elements. One record contains the element the record is for, the time of the recorded location, and the room it was in at that time. What I would like are all records that indicate that an Element entered a room. That would mean the first (by time) entry for any element in a series of movements for that element in the same room. The input is a room number and a time. IE, I would like all of the records indicating that any Element entered room X after time Y. The closest I came was this Select Element, min(Time) from Movements where Time > Y and Room = x group by Element This will only give me one room entry record per Element though (If the Element has entered the room X twice since time Y I'll only get the first one back) Any ideas? Let me know if I have not explained this clearly. I'm using MS SQLServer 2005.

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  • DB design for master file in enterprise software

    - by Thang Nguyen
    Dear all. I want to write an enterprise software and now I'm in the DB design phase. The software will have some master data such as Suppliers, Customers, Inventories, Bankers... I considering 2 options: Put each of these on one separate table. The advantage: the table will have all necessary information for that kind of master file (Customer: name, address,.../Inventory: Type, Manufacturer, Condition...). Disadvantage: Not flexible. When I want to have a new type of master data, such as Insurer, I have to design another table. Put all in one table and this table have foreign key to another table which have type of each kind of master data (table 1: id, data_type, code, name, address....; table 2: data_type, data_type_name). Advantage: flexible - if I want more master data such as Insurer, I just put in table 2: code: 002, name: Insurer, and then put detail each insurer into table 1). Disadvantage: table 1 must have sufficient field to store all kind of information including: customer name, address, account, inventory's manufacturer, inventory's quality...). So which method do you usually do (or you think work better). Thank you very much

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  • In SQL server, to convert a varchar which have this format (nnn:nn:nn)

    - by user1688917
    I have this varchar format as time accumulation and i want to convert it to an integer to do a SUM and get the total time for a group. The fist part which may be 1, 2, 3, 4 or even five digits represent the accumulation of Hours and then seperated by a colon. then come the second part which is accumulation of minutes and last accumulation of seconds (2 digits each). How to convert this to integer in one query if possile.

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  • How to track history of db tables that include many-to-many mapping tables?

    - by chacmool
    I have seen several questions here on tracking db history, but can't seem to find one that matches our situation. We need to track the history of several tables, some of which are many-to-many linking tables. Eg say we have this schema: EntityA id name EntityB id name ABLink A_id B_id So, tracking changes to EntityA or EntityB seems pretty straightforward. We can keep a log table with the same columns plus a date stamp and user. But what about the links? How do we maintain the set of links that are valid for a given version of the data? We need to be able to recreate a history of the data showing changes in chronological order. So if a link added or deleted, we indicate that. Etc.

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  • Multiple rows update trigger

    - by sony
    If I have a statement that updates multiple rows, only the trigger will fire only on the first or last row that is being updated (not sure which one). I need to make a trigger that fires for ALL the records that are being updated into a particular table

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  • How can I save the schema of a SQL Database to a file?

    - by Eric
    I'm writing a software application in C#.Net that connects to a SQL Server database. My C# project is under SVN version control, but I'd like to include my database schema in the SVN repository as well. An answer to a previous question of mine suggested storing the scripts to generate the database in version control. Is there a way to automatically generate these scripts from an existing database? I'm very new to SQL Server, but I noticed in management studio that the SQL commands to create a table can be generated automatically by right clicking on the table and clicking "Script Table As". Is there an equivalent command that would work with the entire database?

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  • Is there an ORM that supports composition w/o Joins

    - by Ken Downs
    EDIT: Changed title from "inheritance" to "composition". Left body of question unchanged. I'm curious if there is an ORM tool that supports inheritance w/o creating separate tables that have to be joined. Simple example. Assume a table of customers, with a Bill-to address, and a table of vendors, with a remit-to address. Keep it simple and assume one address each, not a child table of addresses for each. These addresses will have a handful of values in common: address 1, address 2, city, state/province, postal code. So let's say I'd have a class "addressBlock" and I want the customers and vendors to inherit from this class, and possibly from other classes. But I do not want separate tables that have to be joined, I want the columns in the customer and vendor tables respectively. Is there an ORM that supports this? The closest question I have found on StackOverflow that might be the same question is linked below, but I can't quite figure if the OP is asking what I am asking. He seems to be asking about foregoing inheritance precisely because there will be multiple tables. I'm looking for the case where you can use inheritance w/o generating the multiple tables. Model inheritance approach with Django's ORM

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  • mysql GROUP_CONCAT

    - by user301766
    I want to list all users with their corropsonding user class. Here are simplified versions of my tables CREATE TABLE users ( user_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, user_class VARCHAR(100), PRIMARY KEY (user_id) ); INSERT INTO users VALUES (1, '1'), (2, '2'), (3, '1,2'); CREATE TABLE classes ( class_id INT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, class_name VARCHAR(100), PRIMARY KEY (class_id) ); INSERT INTO classes VALUES (1, 'Class 1'), (2, 'Class 2'); And this is the query statement I am trying to use but is only returning the first matching user class and not a concatenated list as hoped. SELECT user_id, GROUP_CONCAT(DISTINCT class_name SEPARATOR ",") AS class_name FROM users, classes WHERE user_class IN (class_id) GROUP BY user_id; Actual Output +---------+------------+ | user_id | class_name | +---------+------------+ | 1 | Class 1 | | 2 | Class 2 | | 3 | Class 1 | +---------+------------+ Wanted Output +---------+---------------------+ | user_id | class_name | +---------+---------------------+ | 1 | Class 1 | | 2 | Class 2 | | 3 | Class 1, Class 2 | +---------+---------------------+ Thanks in advance

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  • Strategy in storing ad-hoc numbers/constants?

    - by Jiho Han
    I have a need to store a number of ad-hoc figures and constants for calculation. These numbers change periodically but they are different type of values. One might be a balance, a money amount, another might be an interest rate, and yet another might be a ratio of some kind. These numbers are then used in a calculation that involve other more structured figures. I'm not certain what the best way to store these in a relational DB is - that's the choice of storage for the app. One way, I've done before, is to create a very generic table that stores the values as text. I might store the data type along with it but the consumer knows what type it is so, in situations I didn't even need to store the data type. This kind of works fine but I am not very fond of the solution. Should I break down each of the numbers into specific categories and create tables that way? For example, create Rates table, and Balances table, etc.?

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