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  • How important is dual-gigabit lan for a super user's home NAS?

    - by Andrew
    Long story short: I'm building my own home server based on Ubuntu with 4 drives in RAID 10. Its primary purpose will be NAS and backup. Would I be making a terrible mistake by building a NAS Server with a single Gigabit NIC? Long story long: I know the absolute max I can get out of a single Gigabit port is 125MB/s, and I want this NAS to be able to handle up to 6 computers accessing files simultaneously, with up to two of them streaming video. With Ubuntu NIC-bonding and the performance of RAID 10, I can theoretically double my throughput and achieve 250MB/s (ok, not really, but it would be faster). The drives have an average read throughput of 83.87MB/s according to Tom's Hardware. The unit itself will be based on the Chenbro ES34069-BK-180 case. With my current hardware choices, it'll have this motherboard with a Core i3 CPU and 8GB of RAM. Overkill, I know, but this server will be doing other things as well (like transcoding video). Unfortunately, the only Mini-ITX boards I can find with dual-gigabit and 6 SATA ports are Intel Atom-based, and I need more processing power than an Atom has to offer. I would love to find a board with 6 SATA ports and two Gigabit LAN ports that supports a Core i3 CPU. So far, my search has come up empty. Thus, my dilemma. Should I hold out for such a board, go with an Atom-based solution, or stick with my current single-gigabit configuration? I know there are consumer NAS units with just one gigabit interface (probably most of them), but I think I will demand a lot more from my server than the average home user. Any advice is appreciated. Thanks.

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  • What kernel modules are required for wi-fi to work?

    - by Leonid Shevtsov
    My custom-built 2.6.32 kernel cannot connect to any WPA-protected network. The kernel includes (probably?) everything that should be needed for wifi, including IPv4 network support (IPv6 is disabled), the ath5k wireless driver (which is used in the generic Ubuntu 2.6.31 kernel) and all crypto APIs. The card is being detected, however, iwlist scan returns wlan0 Failed to read scan data : Network is down and network-manager log says <info> (wlan0): driver supports SSID scans (scan_capa 0x01). <info> (wlan0): new 802.11 WiFi device (driver: 'ath5k') <info> (wlan0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1 <info> (wlan0): now managed <info> (wlan0): device state change: 1 -> 2 (reason 2) <info> (wlan0): bringing up device. <info> (wlan0): preparing device. <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason: 2). supplicant_interface_acquire: assertion `mgr_state == NM_SUPPLICANT_MANAGER_STATE_IDLE' failed <info> modem-manager is now available <WARN> default_adapter_cb(): bluez error getting default adapter: The name org.bluez was not provided by any .service files <info> Trying to start the supplicant... <info> (wlan0): supplicant manager state: down -> idle <info> (wlan0): device state change: 2 -> 3 (reason 0) <WARN> nm_supplicant_interface_add_cb(): Unexpected supplicant error getting interface: wpa_supplicant couldn't grab this interface. The exact same configuration works with the generic kernel. Is anything except wifi and crypto api needed for wi-fi to work?

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  • OpenVZ vs KVM for Linux VMs

    - by Eliasdx
    Hardware: Intel® Core™ i7-920, 12 GB DDR3 RAM, 2 x 1500 GB SATA-II HDD (no SoftRaid because Proxmox developers don't support softraid and they are sure you'll run into problems) Software: Proxmox VE with KVM and OpenVZ support and debian everywhere I want to run multiple Linux VMs on this server. One for a firewall (I want to try pfSense), one for MySQL, one VM for nginx (my stuff) and ~2 VMs with nginx for other people's web sites. I don't think that pfSense will run in an OpenVZ environment but it should run in KVM. The question is if I should setup the other VMs using KVM or OpenVZ. In OpenVZ they should have less overhead for the OS itself but I don't know about the performance. I heard that KVM is more stable but needs more RAM and CPU. I found this diagram showing a OpenVZ setup on the same hardware I'm using. This guy uses an own VM for each and every website which is running on his server. I can't think of any advantage why he's using so many VMs.

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  • Multi-WAN bonding across different media

    - by Tom O'Connor
    I've recently been thinking again about a product that Viprinet provide, basically they've got a pair of routers, one that lives in a datacentre, Their VPN Multichannel Hub and the on-site hardware, their VPN multichannel routers They've also got a bunch of interface cards (like HWICs) for 3G, UMTS, Ethernet, ADSL and ISDN adapters. Their main spiel seems to be bonding across different media. It's something that I'd really like to use for a couple of projects, but their pricing is really quite extreme, the hub is about 1-2k, the routers are 2-6k, and the interface modules are 200-600 each. So, what I'd like to know is, is it possible with a couple of stock Cisco routers, 28xx or 18xx series, to do something similar, and basically connect a bunch of different WAN ports, but have it all presented neatly as one channel back to the internet, with seamless (or nearly) failover if one of the WAN interfaces should fail. Basically, If i got 3x 3G to ethernet modems, and each on a different network, I'd like to be able to loadbalance/bond across all of them, without having to pay Viprinet for the privilege. Does anyone know how I'd go about configuring something for myself, based around standard protocols (or vendor specific ones), but without actually having to buy the Viprinet hardware?

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  • iptables to block non-VPN-traffic if not through tun0

    - by dacrow
    I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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  • When modern computers boot, what initial setup of RAM do they execute, and how does it exactly work?

    - by user272840
    I know the title reeks of confusion, and some of you might assume I am just wondering about how the computer boots in general, but I'm not. But I'll sort this out for you people now: 1.Onboard firmware is how mostly all modern computer devices work, whether or not with EFI/UEFI(even without "onboard firmware", older computers still employed bank switching, or similar methods with snap-in firmware, cartridges, etc.) 2.On startup there is no "programs" running in the traditional sense yet, i.e. no kernel, OS, user-applications; all of the instructions, especially the very first instruction, is specified by the Instruction Pointer, I am guessing. How is the IP/PC/etc. set to first point to an address for a BIOS/firmware/etc. instruction, and how do the BIOS instructions map themself out in memory prior to startup? 3.Aside from MMIO, BIOS uses certain RAM addresses to have instructions. The big ? comes in when I ask this ... how does BIOS do this? Conclusion: I am assuming that with the very first instruction there is an initial hardware setup for BIOS prior to complete OS bootup. What I want to know is if it's hardware engineered to always work this way, if there's another step in this bootup method I am missing, a gap of information I am unaware of, or how this all works from the very first instruction, and the RAM data itself.

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  • Is Unix a PC Operating system?

    - by Corelgott
    I have got kind of a stupid question. I am doing my bachelor at a university. In a wirtten assigment a prof posted the task: "Name 3 PC-Operating Systems:" Well, I went on an included a variety of OS (Linux, Windows, Osx) including Unix & Solaris. Today I recieved a mail from my prof saying: "Unix is not a PC-Operating System. Many Unix-Variants are not PC-Hardware-Compatible (like AIX & HP-UX. About Solaris: there was one PC-Compatible version...)" I am kind of suprised: Even if may Unix-Variants are Power-PC and different bit-order – Those don't stop beeing PCs right now? The question was given in a written assigment! It was not a question that came up during lecture! Due to the original postest task being in German, I'll include it just to make sure, that nobody suspects an error in the translation... "Nennen Sie 3 PC-Betriebssysteme:" Response / Antwort: "Unix ist kein PC-Betriebssystem, viele Unix-Varianten sind nicht auf PC-Hardware lauffähig (AIX, HP-UX). Von Solaris gab es mal eine PC-Variante." Anybody got something on that? Thx & Cheers Corelgott

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  • Postfix cannot deliver mail to Cyrus mailbox on Ubuntu 11.10 server

    - by user105804
    I have installed and configured Postfix and Cyrus IMAP server with webcyradm according to this document - http://www.delouw.ch/linux/Postfix-Cyrus-Web-cyradm-HOWTO/html/index.html . I can access webcyradm interface, I can create new domains and new users, and I can login via IMAP after creating the user account. However, Postfix fails to deliver mail to cyrus mailboxes. Mail log contains errors shown below. Installing any IMAP server other than cyrus is not an option because it is needed by the web application. Please advise me how to make Postfix deliver email to cyrus mailboxes. The solution should not necessary include web-cyradm, but there should be a web interface for managing mail domains and mailboxes as user-friendly as possible. Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: accepted connection Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: lmtp connection preauth'd as postman Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/cleanup[4868]: 065D5240035: message-id=<[email protected]> Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower cyrus/lmtpunix[4865]: verify_user(user.imap0001) failed: Mailbox does not exist Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/bounce[4867]: 6C6CA24185C: sender non-delivery notification: 065D5240035 Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 065D5240035: from=<>, size=3372, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/qmgr[4833]: 6C6CA24185C: removed Dec 30 22:46:17 acer-tower postfix/lmtp[4866]: 53421240372: to=<[email protected]>, orig_to=<[email protected]>, relay=home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp], delay=165, delays=165/0.02/0.17/0.09, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host home.webshop-software.ch[/tmp/lmtp] said: 550-Mailbox unknown. Either there is no mailbox associated with this 550-name or you do not have authorization to see it. 550 5.1.1 User unknown (in reply to RCPT TO command))

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  • Good references to know why has my computers stopped responding me

    - by Peterstone
    Hello all! I´m a windows xp user (but not for much time...) and I usually see how my computer stop of responding me. The process is this: Firsly it became totally stopped or very slow for certain periods of 5 minutes. How could I do? After that it gets stopped (Even not totally because If I click on the bar I see a blinking response in the bar botton of the program I click on. It´s could be anything related with security (like the firewall or some virus)? Computer university: I usually experience this, using Matlab (R2007a) with System Generator (its respective compatible version) My personal laptop: It´s usually works well but when stopped periods became to appears I know in not much time it will became totally stopped. I usually see how Word 2007 get stopped and after a while my windows xp gets stopped. (well I can access to the the manage task pressing ctr+alt and...). The only solution I see is to kill program by program... My petition: Please, I need good references that help me how to think in order to avoid or to manage the problems previously described. Does anyone know usefull books or articles? EDIT: Laptop: OS: XP Home Edition Version 2002 SP3 Hardware: HP Mini Intel(R)Atom(TM) CPU N270 @1,60GHz 1.99 GB RAM University Computer: OS: XP Profesional SP3 Hardware: AMD Athlon(tm) XP 1800+ 1.54 GHz, 768 MB RAM

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  • Creating Routes using the second NIC in the box

    - by Aditya Sehgal
    OS: Linux I need some advice on how to set up the routing table. I have a box with two physical NIC cards eth0 & eth1 with two associated IPs IP1 & IP2 (both of the same subnet). I need to setup a route which will force all messages from IP1 towards IP3 (of the same subnet) to go via IP2. I have a raw socket capture program listening on IP2 (This is not for malicious use). I have set up the routing table as Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface IP3 IP2 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 If I try to specify eth0 while adding the above rule, I get an error "SIOCADDRT: Network is unreachable". I understand from the manpage of route that if the GW specified is a local interface, then that would be use as the outgoing interface. After setting up this rule, if i do a traceroute (-i eth0), the packet goes first to the default gateway and then to IP3. How do I force the packet originating from eth0 towards IP3 to first come to IP2. I cannot make changes to the routing table of the gateway. Please suggest.

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  • Connect linux server to VPN server via PPTP

    - by wowpatrick
    I'm trying to connect a Linux (Ubuntu 10.04 LST) server to a VPN server via the PPTP client to an VPN server. I configured the PPTP client as said in the documentation. The connection is correctly added as an interface, but somehow the connection dose not work. ping -I ppp0 google.com dose not return anything and traceroute -i ppp0 only shows the first hop, and then displays nothing. Any ideas of what is going wrong? Incorrect routing configuration? ifconfig output for the configured interface: ppp0 Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol inet addr:xx.x.xxx.xxx P-t-P:10.0.0.1 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1496 Metric:1 RX packets:415 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:468 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:3 RX bytes:31428 (31.4 KB) TX bytes:32394 (32.3 KB) route output Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface xx.x.x.1 * 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 ppp0 xx.xxx.xxx.xx sp.ip 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.3.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth2 192.168.2.0 * 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 default sp.ip 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth1

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  • iptables to block VPN-traffic if not through tun0

    - by dacrow
    I have a dedicated Webserver running Debian 6 and some Apache, Tomcat, Asterisk and Mail-stuff. Now we needed to add VPN support for a special program. We installed OpenVPN and registered with a VPN provider. The connection works well and we have a virtual tun0 interface for tunneling. To archive the goal for only tunneling a single program through VPN, we start the program with sudo -u username -g groupname command and added a iptables rule to mark all traffic coming from groupname iptables -t mangle -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -j MARK --set-mark 42 Afterwards we tell iptables to to some SNAT and tell ip route to use special routing table for marked traffic packets. Problem: if the VPN failes, there is a chance that the special to-be-tunneled program communicates over the normal eth0 interface. Desired solution: All marked traffic should not be allowed to go directly through eth0, it has to go through tun0 first. I tried the following commands which didn't work: iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname ! -o tun0 -j REJECT iptables -A OUTPUT -m owner --gid-owner groupname -o eth0 -j REJECT It might be the problem, that the above iptable-rules didn't work due to the fact, that the packets are first marked, then put into tun0 and then transmitted by eth0 while they are still marked.. I don't know how to de-mark them after in tun0 or to tell iptables, that all marked packet may pass eth0, if they where in tun0 before or if they going to the gateway of my VPN provider. Does someone has any idea to a solution? Some config infos: iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t mangle Chain OUTPUT (policy ACCEPT 11M packets, 9798M bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 591K 50M MARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 MARK set 0x2a 2 82812 6938K CONNMARK all -- * * 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 owner GID match 1005 CONNMARK save iptables -nL -v --line-numbers -t nat Chain POSTROUTING (policy ACCEPT 393 packets, 23908 bytes) num pkts bytes target prot opt in out source destination 1 15 1052 SNAT all -- * tun0 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 mark match 0x2a to:VPN_IP ip rule add from all fwmark 42 lookup 42 ip route show table 42 default via VPN_IP dev tun0

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  • Vista Screen resolution Changes when Switching Users

    - by Benjol
    I regularly have a problem when switching between users in Vista - the screen resolution drops down to 800x600. If I try to set the resolution back to the maximum, it says nothing, but just keeps it at 800x600. I can set it back to an intermediate value. Otherwise I have to either restart the PC, or sometimes if I log off one of the users, I can then set the resolution back to max. Might it also have something to do with using sleep mode instead of performing regular shutdowns? I thought it might be related to the desktop background image taking up too much space, but even with plain colours, the problem still occurs. There is an enormous thread on this here, but not really any answers. From what I can gather from that thread, it isn't related to any particular applications, nor limited to a particular make of graphics card or monitor, so I don't think that including hardware details is useful. This is a very annoying problem, as it screws up my desktop and screen layout every single time. Has anyone here experienced this problem or found a solution? I've noticed that Windows Update has tried to install nVidia updates and apparently they've failed on several occasions. Not sure if that is of any relevance or not. UPDATE The last post on the thread: FWIW - I had this problem for about 2 years and wrote a number of posts in this thread in the past. It survived OS reinstallation, change of practically all of my hardware piece by piece (mobo, cpu, monitor, graphics card, memory, power supply...) I used to be affected by this annoying problem at least once every 24-48 hours. About 1.5 months ago I wiped out my 32 bit vista ultimate installation and installed Windows7 ultimate 64 bit from scratch and never saw this problem again. GOOD RIDDANCE. Vista was a pathetic piece of __ that felt like a flashback to the old [horrible] NT4/Windows95 days. I was seriously considering switching over to Apple/Mac OSX if this problem persisted.

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  • Monitor mode 802.11 captures on OSX

    - by Mike A
    I'm trying to determine the difference between capturing 802.11 frames in the following ways on OSX (10.8.5). It's a bit esoteric, but I use "Option 2" to capture frames for later analysis, and am wondering if I'm missing something. Option 1: use "airportd": $sudo /usr/libexec/airportd en0 sniff Option 2: use "airport" followed by tcpdump: sudo /System/Library/PrivateFrameworks/Apple80211.framework/Versions/Current/Resources/airport --channel= sudo tcpdump -I -P -i en0 -w /tmp/capture.pcap (or alternatvely eliminate the -w and watch packets real-time). From what I can tell: Both commands, according to the wifi icon on OSX, put the interface into 'monitor' mode. Both commands output a pcap file that is readable in both wireshark/tcpdump & Eye PA. Both commands appear to capture management, control and data frames. The rub: Option 1 disconnects you from the network. This is expected, when putting an interface into 'monitor' mode. Option 2 does NOT disconnect you, provided you've set the channel to the same channel your currently connected to. This has a distinct advantage of keeping your connection up while capturing in monitor mode. My question: Option 2 does not seem like it should work, or more specifically, it does not seem like I should be able to remain connected while also capturing frames in monitor mode. On a wired NIC, you can be 'promiscuous' and still send frames, though I didn't think the same was true for wireless NIC. I'm questioning the validity of capturing frames w/ Option 2?

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  • What kernel modules are required for wi-fi to work?

    - by Leonid Shevtsov
    My custom-built 2.6.32 kernel cannot connect to any WPA-protected network. The kernel includes (probably?) everything that should be needed for wifi, including IPv4 network support (IPv6 is disabled), the ath5k wireless driver (which is used in the generic Ubuntu 2.6.31 kernel) and all crypto APIs. The card is being detected, however, iwlist scan returns wlan0 Failed to read scan data : Network is down and network-manager log says <info> (wlan0): driver supports SSID scans (scan_capa 0x01). <info> (wlan0): new 802.11 WiFi device (driver: 'ath5k') <info> (wlan0): exported as /org/freedesktop/NetworkManager/Devices/1 <info> (wlan0): now managed <info> (wlan0): device state change: 1 -> 2 (reason 2) <info> (wlan0): bringing up device. <info> (wlan0): preparing device. <info> (wlan0): deactivating device (reason: 2). supplicant_interface_acquire: assertion `mgr_state == NM_SUPPLICANT_MANAGER_STATE_IDLE' failed <info> modem-manager is now available <WARN> default_adapter_cb(): bluez error getting default adapter: The name org.bluez was not provided by any .service files <info> Trying to start the supplicant... <info> (wlan0): supplicant manager state: down -> idle <info> (wlan0): device state change: 2 -> 3 (reason 0) <WARN> nm_supplicant_interface_add_cb(): Unexpected supplicant error getting interface: wpa_supplicant couldn't grab this interface. The exact same configuration works with the generic kernel. Is anything except wifi and crypto api needed for wi-fi to work?

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  • Cisco 3560+ipservices -- IGMP snooping issue with TTL=1

    - by Jander
    I've got a C3560 with Enhanced (IPSERVICES) image, routing multicast between its VLANs with no external multicast router. It's serving a test environment where developers may generate multicast traffic on arbitrary addresses. Everything is working fine except when someone sends out multicast traffic with TTL=1, in which case the multicast packet suppression fails and the traffic is broadcast to all members of the VLAN. It looks to me like because the TTL is 1, the multicast routing subsystem doesn't see the packets, so it doesn't create a mroute table entry. If I send out packets with TTL=2 briefly, then switch to TTL=1 packets, they are filtered correctly until the mroute entry expires. My question: is there some trick to getting the switch to filter the TTL=1 packets, or am I out of luck? Below are the relevant parts of the config, with a representative VLAN interface. I can provide more info as needed. #show run ... ip routing ip multicast-routing distributed no ip igmp snooping report-suppression ! interface Vlan44 ip address 172.23.44.1 255.255.255.0 no ip proxy-arp ip pim passive ... #show ip igmp snooping vlan 44 Global IGMP Snooping configuration: ------------------------------------------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv3 snooping (minimal) : Enabled Report suppression : Disabled TCN solicit query : Disabled TCN flood query count : 2 Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000 Vlan 44: -------- IGMP snooping : Enabled IGMPv2 immediate leave : Disabled Multicast router learning mode : pim-dvmrp CGMP interoperability mode : IGMP_ONLY Robustness variable : 2 Last member query count : 2 Last member query interval : 1000

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  • Ubuntu purple splash screen with blinking pixels?

    - by joxnas
    I had ubuntu 9.10 I upgraded to 10.04 after solving some problems (freeze at boot). Since then, I don't have the ubuntu's logo showing up when I boot, but a purple screen with some blinking pixels. I didn't care much about it... but today my computer took too long at that screen (normally it was just 1/4 second, but today it was like a minute..). And it happened like 4 or 5 times in a row (Only at the 5th time I realised that it was not freezing up, but it simply would took more time) After a reboot, it is again 1/4 second of purple screen but I don't want this problem to return.. so I want to get rid of the purple screen (I think it is an indicator of the problem) Well, I already installed the graphic drivers (going to system admnistration hardware drivers). But it didn't solve anything. (I don't know if it is even related) I searched in google, found something old (2006) and I think it maybe has some relation with my problems .. http://ubuntuforums.org/archive/index.php/t-294692.html But couldn't understand the conversation (i'm a linux novice) Sorry for my horrible english.. I would appreciate any help! My hardware: ATI Mobility Radeon 4650 HD P7450 2.13Ghz Core 2 Duo

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  • Thecus N5200, disk has dropped out of RAID5

    - by Anders Ekdahl
    We have a Thecus 5200 NAS here at work with five WD Caviar Black 2TB disks in a RADI5 array. Yesterday, disk 4 dropped out of the array, and in the NAS web interface there's a warning about the RAID array being "degraded". When I go into Storage - Disks, disk 1 and 4 has a warning next to them. When I click on the warnings, this information about the disks are displayed: Tray Number 4 Model WD2001FASS-00W2B Power On Hours 2403 Hours Temperature Celsius 34 Reallocated Sector Count 66 Current Pending Sector 1447 Raw Read Error Rate 61 Seek Error Rate 0 Hardware ECC Recovered N/A Tray Number 1 Model WD2001FASS-00W2B Power On Hours 2403 Hours Temperature Celsius 32 Reallocated Sector Count 0 Current Pending Sector 1465 Raw Read Error Rate 0 Seek Error Rate 0 Hardware ECC Recovered N/A I'm not really an expert on either disks or RAID arrays. Does this indicate that the fourth disk is damaged, and needs to be replaced? And what about disk number one? It has a warning, but it's still in the array. Is it safe to add the fourth disk back into the array as a spare? I can't find any way to add it back as a it were before.

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  • Connect to Nonencrypted Wireless Network Using Ubuntu Commands

    - by Tim
    I failed to connect to an open i.e. nonencrypted wireless network using Ubuntu command lines. Here is what I did: $ sudo /etc/init.d/NetworkManager stop * Stopping network connection manager NetworkManager [ OK ] $ sudo /sbin/ifconfig wlan0 up $ sudo iwconfig wlan0 essid "Cavalier High-Speed 866-4-CAVTEL" $ sudo dhclient wlan0 There is already a pid file /var/run/dhclient.pid with pid 10812 killed old client process, removed PID file Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client V3.1.1 Copyright 2004-2008 Internet Systems Consortium. All rights reserved. For info, please visit http://www.isc.org/sw/dhcp/ wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 wmaster0: unknown hardware address type 801 Listening on LPF/wlan0/00:0e:9b:cd:4e:18 Sending on LPF/wlan0/00:0e:9b:cd:4e:18 Sending on Socket/fallback DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.67 on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPREQUEST of 192.168.1.67 on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 7 DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 8 DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 12 DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 21 DHCPDISCOVER on wlan0 to 255.255.255.255 port 67 interval 6 No DHCPOFFERS received. Trying recorded lease 192.168.1.67 PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors, 100% packet loss, time 0ms Trying recorded lease 192.168.1.45 PING 192.168.1.1 (192.168.1.1) 56(84) bytes of data. --- 192.168.1.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors, 100% packet loss, time 0ms No working leases in persistent database - sleeping. $ sudo /sbin/iwconfig wlan0 wlan0 IEEE 802.11bg Mode:Managed Frequency:2.422 GHz Access Point: Not-Associated Tx-Power=27 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr=2352 B Encryption key:off Power Management:off Link Quality:0 Signal level:0 Noise level:0 Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:0 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 I was wondering what the problem is and how I can do it right? Thanks and regards!

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  • Linux server: Dropped packets

    - by Lars
    I see dropped packets using ifconfig on my eth0 interface: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:15:17:0d:03:ca inet addr:10.0.1.2 Bcast:10.0.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:9000 Metric:1 RX packets:30268348 errors:0 dropped:70721 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:133076885 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:8699434077 (8.6 GB) TX bytes:194937313025 (194.9 GB) Interrupt:16 Memory:feae0000-feb00000 When i use ethtool -S i dont see anything wrong: NIC statistics: rx_packets: 30267138 tx_packets: 133074510 rx_bytes: 8699356158 tx_bytes: 194934147340 rx_broadcast: 35296 tx_broadcast: 5435 rx_multicast: 0 tx_multicast: 0 rx_errors: 0 tx_errors: 0 tx_dropped: 0 multicast: 0 collisions: 0 rx_length_errors: 0 rx_over_errors: 0 rx_crc_errors: 0 rx_frame_errors: 0 rx_no_buffer_count: 0 rx_missed_errors: 0 tx_aborted_errors: 0 tx_carrier_errors: 0 tx_fifo_errors: 0 tx_heartbeat_errors: 0 tx_window_errors: 0 tx_abort_late_coll: 0 tx_deferred_ok: 0 tx_single_coll_ok: 0 tx_multi_coll_ok: 0 tx_timeout_count: 0 tx_restart_queue: 0 rx_long_length_errors: 0 rx_short_length_errors: 0 rx_align_errors: 0 tx_tcp_seg_good: 5757001 tx_tcp_seg_failed: 0 rx_flow_control_xon: 8649 rx_flow_control_xoff: 62072 tx_flow_control_xon: 0 tx_flow_control_xoff: 0 rx_long_byte_count: 8699356158 rx_csum_offload_good: 30212111 rx_csum_offload_errors: 0 rx_header_split: 10857552 alloc_rx_buff_failed: 0 tx_smbus: 0 rx_smbus: 0 dropped_smbus: 0 rx_dma_failed: 0 tx_dma_failed: 0 I am running Ubuntu 12.04 with kernel 3.2.0-30-generic #48-Ubuntu SMP I have pinged every device on my internal network for about 24 hours, without packet loss. Also checked my router and my interface to the WAN, also no errors there. Does anyone have any clue?

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  • linux container bridge filters ARP reply

    - by Dani Camps
    I am using kernel 3.0, and I have configured a linux container that is bridged to a tap interface in my host computer. This is the bridge configuration: :~$ brctl show bridge-1 bridge name bridge id STP enabled interfaces bridge-1 8000.9249c78a510b no ns3-mesh-tap-1 vethjUErij My problem is that this bridge is dropping ARP replies that come from the ns3-mesh-tap-1 interface. Instead, if I statically populate the ARP tables and ping directly everything works, so it has to be something related to ARP. I have read about similar problems in related posts, and I have tried with the solutions explained therein but nothing seems to work. Specifically: ~$ grep net.bridge /etc/sysctl.conf net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-arptables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-filter-vlan-tagged = 0 net.bridge.bridge-nf-filter-pppoe-tagged = 0 arptables and ebtables are not installed. iptables FORWARD is all set to accept: Chain FORWARD (policy ACCEPT) target prot opt source destination The bridged interfaces are set to PROMISC: ~$ ifconfig ns3-mesh-tap-1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 1a:c7:24:ef:36:1a ... UP BROADCAST PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 vethjUErij Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr aa:b0:d1:3b:9a:0a .... UP BROADCAST RUNNING PROMISC MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 The macs learned by the bridge are correct (checked with brctl showmacs). Any insight on what I am doing wrong would be greatly appreciated. Best Regards Daniel

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  • Two DHCP interfaces asigned to two default gateways to OS

    - by user140600
    I have a Ubuntu box that has two networking interfaces (eth0 and wlan0). They are both configured for DHCP in /etc/network/interfaces, but they both assign a default gateway: /etc/network/interfaces auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet dhcp auto wlan0 iface wlan0 inet dhcp wireless-essid test Result of route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 wlan0 0.0.0.0 10.0.0.1 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 eth0 10.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 wlan0 How can I set up /etc/network/interfaces to have only one default gateway, on the interface I want? Worst case scenario, how can I at least control which one gets on top on the route -n command, each boot? Note: This box will travel a lot, and will be connected to different networks, so I don´t know in advance the IP addresses/ranges it will have. Sometimes the default gw interface will be eth0. Sometimes it will be wlan0 ... So, this needs to be kind of automatic ...

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  • Recommend a free temperature-monitoring utility for cores + video card, on Vista?

    - by smci
    Looking for your recommendations for a free temperature-monitoring utility, for my PC (Core 2) and graphics card for Vista. (Question reposted with the hyperlinks now I have 10 reputation). I don't want all the geeky details, I don't overclock, I don't see the need to mess with my fan speeds or motherboard settings, I just want something fairly basic to help with basic troubleshooting of intermittent overheats on video card and/or mobo: must run on Windows Vista (yes, don't laugh). ideally displays temperature when minimized to toolbar, and/or: automatically alerts me when temperature on either core or the video card exceeds a threshold ideally measures temperature of video card and system as well, not just the cores. HDD temperature is not necessary I think. logging is nice, graphs are also nice portability to Linux and Mac is nice Apparently Everest is the best paid option, but I'm not prepared to spend $40. I found the following free options, but no head-to-head at-a-glance comparison: CoreTemp (only does cores, not video card?) Open Hardware Monitor (nice graphs, displays when minimized to toolbar, no alerts) RealTemp (has alerts, works minimized, lightweight install) HWMonitor (no alerts, CNET: "[free version is] simple but effective") from CPUID CPUCool (not free: 21-day trialware, then $18) SpeedFan from Almico (too geeky, detail overload; CNET: "most users won't be able to make head or tail of the data this utility provides") Motherboard Monitor (CNET: not recommended, requires expert knowledge of your mobo, dangerous) Intel Thermal Analysis Tool (only does cores, not video card? has logging) Useful discussions I found: hardwarecanucks.com , superuser.com 1, 2 , forums.techarena.in (Update: I downloaded Real Temp 3.60 and it meets all my needs, the customizable alert temperature is great. Open Hardware Monitor seems to be the other one that mostly meets my needs, except no alerts; but it is portable. I tried SpeedFan but the interface is very cluttered, too much unnecessary detail (needs a Basic/Advanced mode and a revamp of the interface.) The answer to my underlying issue is nVidia Geforce LE 7500 video card which runs very hot.)

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  • Safemode Startup Issues on Vista 64 Bit

    - by GnrlBzik
    Before i ask the question, let me point out that this is not a hardware issue. I have a clean install of vista on another hd that runs on same hardware, i am pretty sure its a corruption of a drive or a file, i presume it might be video driver. When windows wont start via normal boot i just get black screen after initial load up of os, so i boot into savemode, I end up having black screen with a mouse pointer visible, after initial load of os. The shut down button is responsive. Of course, I can install clean copy of os, and prior to that can retrieve all other files that i need by accessing hd itself, i can restore my pc from my external back up as well. Although i have all these options, i was wondering if there anything else i can do that can help me fix this issue. In save mode, it looks like I am capable of logging in after initial load of os, even though i cant see the process it self, i do see the mouse pointer. By visual memory i navigated to password field, and entered my password, hit enter, I get the loading mouse pointer, nothing really changes, same black screen and mouse pointer, but when i tried to access task manager for a second i got a safemode watermark at all four corners. Any help would be appriciated. Thank you in advance.

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  • Certificates required for WHQL-certified drivers

    - by Kasius
    The 64-bit Windows 7 image that we deploy to machines at our site does not contain all of the certificates included on a default Windows image. Automatic root certificate installation is also disabled per policy from higher in the organization. We have had a lot of trouble installing many WHQL-certified drivers from reputable companies (ex. HP, Lexmark, Dell, etc.), and I hypothesize that a required certificate is missing from one of the certificate stores on the machine. The error we typically get is: The driver cannot be installed because it is either not digitally signed or not signed in the appropriate manner. I know that it is signed. A .CAT file is included, and it has the following tree from top to bottom: Microsoft Root Authority (thumbprint a4 34 89 15 9a 52 0f 0d 93 d0 32 cc af 37 e7 fe 20 a8 b4 19) Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility PCA (thumbprint 93 b8 d8 82 0a 32 db 20 a5 ea b6 8d 86 ad 67 8e fa 14 ea 41) Microsoft Windows Hardware Compatibility Publisher (thumprint b0 50 45 45 42 4e be 2c 16 2f 62 5b bf 5a e6 9b 96 bf 0b 0b) What certificates are required to install WHQL-certified drivers? Is it possibly something other than certificates? Thanks! NOTE: I have posted this question on Technet as well, but honestly, I've never had a lot of luck posting questions on the Technet forums.

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