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• Solaris TCP stack tuning

  - by disserman

  We have a large web project (about 2-3k requests per second), using haproxy (http://haproxy.1wt.eu/) as a frontend and load balancer between the java application servers. The frontend (haproxy) is running on Linux but we are going to migrate it to the Solaris 10 as all our other servers are running under Solaris. After switching a traffic I see the two things: a) the web site became loading slower (5-10 seconds with images in comparison to 2-3 seconds on Linux) b) sometimes haproxy fails to perform a "lifecheck" (get a special web page and analyze http response code) due to the socket timeout. After switching traffic back to Linux everything is okay. I've tried to tune all params I found in /dev/tcp but no progress. I believe the problem is in some open socket limitations. If someone can point me to the answer, I would be greatly appreciated. p.s. haproxy is running under Xen DomU on Linux (Kernel 2.6.18, Debian 5), under zone on Solaris (10 u8). the only thing we did on Linux is increasing of ip_conntrack_max (I believe Solaris option tcp_conn_req_max_q is the equivalent).

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• Apache 2.4 Prefork vs. PHP-FPM Event shows sig decrease in requests per second

  - by Mark

  On my Apache 2.4.2 server with a standard mod_php Prefork setup these are my server-status results Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:36:24 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 01:27:30 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 18 hours 8 minutes 54 seconds Total accesses: 14304233 - Total Traffic: 342.3 GB CPU Usage: u12584.6 s721.93 cu.66 cs3.43 - 20.4% CPU load 219 requests/sec - 5.4 MB/second - 25.1 kB/request 507 requests currently being processed, 355 idle workers ______KKKKR_K______W_KKC___CKK_K_K_W__CC_KKK_KK._K_K_KK._KKKK_K_ K_____KK_KKKK_K_KK__K___KK_K___K_____CKKK_WK_K_____KCKK__K___K_K K_CK_K_K_____K__KKKK_K__K___K_KK_K_K_KKKCK____________KK_CK__KKK __C_KKKKKKK___CK___C_KKK_K__C__K_CK____KKK__K__K__K_K__KK_CK_K__ _KKKKK_K_W__KK______K___K__W___C_K__K____KKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKCK_K___ _C_KK_K_WK__K_KK__K__RK_KK___K____K_KK_K_K___RKC_KKKK___KKKC_K_W _C_KK_KK__W____KC__KKK__KKK___K___KKK_KK_K_KKW__K_KR_KK_KK__KKK_ R__KKK__KKKKKK__K_KKKKK_K__K_K___KKW_________KK_K___KKK___KK.K_C KKKKKKW_____K__K_KKC_KCKK_K_KK_K__KK__K___K__KK_KK__________KK__ __K___KK_K__K_C_KK_K___KK__KK__K__KCK_K__KK_________K_K_KK__.K__ K_CKK.CCRW__KKKKKKKKKKKC__W____K___KWK_KK_KKC______.K_K_KK_KKKC_ __KKK_W_KCKKK_K_K____CCCK__KC_KKKK_K____K_CK_K____K__K____KKK_KK KK___K_K_K__KW__KCKKKK____WKWK__K_KKRKK__C_K_KK_KK_K__KKCC_K__C_ KK_K___K_KK______K_____CKK_K_______KK_CKCK__KKKKK____K__K..K____ __KKWK_KW__KKK__K_KKK___K_KK_KKK__KK___KK___KK_KK___KK____KKWKKC KK_KKKK_................................` When I switch to a PHP-FPM setup with the Event MPM with no other variables changes, my requests/sec plummet and overall apache response is garbage. Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:51:21 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:48:03 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 3 minutes 18 seconds Total accesses: 18720 - Total Traffic: 307.1 MB CPU Usage: u16.57 s4.74 cu0 cs0 - 10.8% CPU load 94.5 requests/sec - 1.6 MB/second - 16.8 kB/request 15 requests currently being processed, 49 idle workers PID Connections Threads Async connections total accepting busy idle writing keep-alive closing 11701 114 no 10 22 0 66 38 11702 134 no 5 27 0 81 48 Sum 248 15 49 0 147 86 __R_R__W___RRW________RR__R___W_W_______W_____W_____________R_R_ Is there any obvious reason anyone could think of why this would be the case. I can provide any other additional stats or server setup info to help out. Ive tried tweaking everything up and down and nothing really helps get the PHP-FPM setup anywhere near a baseic prefork/mod-php setup. Thanks!

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• Apache2 - 500 internal server error

  - by Lucio Coire Galibone

  i'm running a VPS with Linux CentOs 6 with 4 GB of RAM, 10 GB of HD and 2 virtual CPU Intel(R) Xeon(R)CPU L5640 @ 2.27GHz. As my host says each virtual CPU must be at least 0.5 physical cpu. At certain times of the day, those with more traffic, trying accessing my php script i receive intermittently "500 internal server error". I activate logging to debug level from apache, and also the PHP logging with E_ALL, but I can't find reference to Error 500 in any logs(I checked the right logs!). I haven't got any .htaccess file in path script. The strange thing is that the error start at first php line in the script (the previous html displays correctly, but at the first php line the script send 500 error). The cpu load is always good (max 0.15 0.08 0.01) and RAM is close to 95% but it arrived to swap just 2 times in a month with 2-5 MB. Apache works with prefork with this values: <IfModule prefork.c> StartServers 8 MinSpareServers 5 MaxSpareServers 20 ServerLimit 280 MaxClients 280 MaxRequestsPerChild 4000 </IfModule> Everthing works correctly and I don't get any error in quiet times, but i start receive errors when traffic rises (6-9000 visits per hour). Can i solve the problem increasing resources? (i can upgrade RAM up to 16 GB). It can depend from reaching MaxClients (but apache must write it on log, right?)? If I upgrade RAM to 6 or 8 GB i have to calculate MaxClients value with this? MaxClients = Total RAM dedicated to the web server / Max child process size Max child process size is around 20M. How else can the problem be? Thanks in advance

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• IPTables: NAT multiple IPs to one public IP

  - by Kaemmelot

  I'm looking for a way how to nat 2 or more inner IPs (in my case xen doms) to one outer IP. I tried to use iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -d 123.123.123.123 -j DNAT --to 1.2.3.4 --to 1.2.3.7 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 1.2.3.4 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123 iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 1.2.3.7 -j SNAT --to 123.123.123.123 And got an error: iptables v1.4.14: DNAT: Multiple --to-destination not supported Try `iptables -h' or 'iptables --help' for more information. I found this in the manpage: Later Kernels (= 2.6.11-rc1) don't have the ability to NAT to multiple ranges anymore. So my question is: Why is it not possible anymore and is there a workaround? Maybe I should use an other method I don't know yet? EDIT: The idea is to use the system like a router, so I have one address but multiple users behind. The problem is I don't know which connection reffers to a user (for example 1.2.3.4). But I know, they all have different ports open for incomming traffic. So my solution (for DNAT) would be to nat all incoming connections to all users and filter all unused ports, so the connection goes to one single user. For outgoing traffic I would use iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -d 1.2.3.4 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT

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• Apache ProxyPassReverse and https

  - by joshuaball

  Hi, I would like to map all traffic on 80 and 443 from foo.com to an internal server: 192.168.1.101. I have a VirtualHost (Apache 2.2 on Ubuntu) setup as follows (note, I had to break up the hyperlinks below because I am a 'new user'): <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName foo.com ServerAlias *.foo.com ProxyRequests Off ProxyPreserveHost On <Proxy *> Order deny,allow Allow from all </Proxy> ProxyPass / http://192.168.1.101/ ProxyPassReverse / http://192.168.1.101/ </VirtualHost> And that works great for http traffic. However, I can't seem to do the same thing for https. I have tried: Changing VirtualHost *:80 to * - but that doesn't work (I need it http-http and https-https) Creating a new VirtualHost entry for *:443 that redirects to http://192.168.1.101/, but that fails as well (browser timeouts) I did some searching, here and elsewhere, and the closest question I could find was this, but that didn't quite answer it. Also, just out of curiosity, I tried mapping all ports to https (by changing the two ProxyPass lines from http to https (and removing the :80 from VH), and that didn't work either. How would you do that as well? Any thoughts? Thanks in advance.

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• NAT ports - how do they work?

  - by Davidoper

  I have the following network schema: Computer A: three nics: NIC 1 (eth0): dhcp, public internet NIC 2 (eth1): static 192.168.1.1, gateway for Computer B NIC 3 (eth2): static 192.168.2.1, gateway for Computer C Computer B: static 192.168.1.2, using gateway 192.168.1.1 (NIC 2). Computer C: static 192.168.2.2, using gateway 192.168.2.1 (NIC 3). So I applied this to get NAT working: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE Every computer can connect to the internet now. I have been applying rules to the main computer (Computer A), like dropping connections to some ports, e.g ssh: iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 22 -j DROP But for instance, now I would like only allow connections for ports 20,21,22,53 and 80 in Computer C, and ignore the outside traffic if it's not related to those ports. The allowed connections should be FROM Computer C to outside, but not from outside to Computer C (I mean - Computer C is not hosting any HTTP or SSH, but it is going to use them as a client). I guess this sould be done like this: iptables -A OUTPUT -i eth2 -o eth0 -p tcp --dport 21 -m state --state NEW,ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i eth2 -o eth0 -p tcp --sport 21 -m state --state ESTABLISHED -j ACCEPT The last rule (dropping any other traffic different from those) is at the end of the configuration, so -A should be working correctly. The thing is... it is not working. If I put the last rule like this: iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -j DROP It just drops everything and, for instance, port 21 (previously opened as you can see above) is not either working. Can you tell me what could I have done wrong? I have been struggling with this problem for some time and I am unable to solve it. Thanks!

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• Secondary IP (eth0:0) acts like main server IP

  - by George Tasioulis

  I have a CentOS server, configured with 4 consecutive IPs: eth0 5.x.x.251 eth0:0 5.x.x.252 eth0:1 5.x.x.253 eth0:2 5.x.x.254 The problem is that all traffic goes out to the internet with eth0:0 (5.x.x.252) as the source IP, instead of eth0. # curl ifconfig.me 5.x.x.252 How can I fix this, so that all traffic goes out via eth0, ie my main IP? PS: My server is VPS running on a Xen dom0, the latter being configured in routed mode networking. Thanks in advance! Server configuration # ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.251 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.255 inet6 addr: fe80::x:x:x:x/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:14675569 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:9463227 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:4122016502 (3.8 GiB) TX bytes:25959110751 (24.1 GiB) Interrupt:23 eth0:0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.252 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.253 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 eth0:2 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:x:x:x:x:AE inet addr:5.x.x.254 Bcast:5.x.x.255 Mask:255.255.255.224 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 Interrupt:23 # cat /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 5.x.x.251 [fqdn] [hostname] # cat ifcfg-eth0 DEVICE=eth0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.251 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 SCOPE="peer 5.x.y.82" # cat ifcfg-eth0:0 DEVICE=eth0:0 BOOTPROTO=static ONBOOT=yes IPADDR=5.x.x.252 NETMASK=255.255.255.224 # cat route-eth0 ADDRESS0=0.0.0.0 NETMASK0=0.0.0.0 GATEWAY0=5.x.y.82 # netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 UH 0 0 0 eth0 5.x.x.224 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.224 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 0.0.0.0 5.x.y.82 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

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• Squid Authentication & streaming

  - by Steve Butler

  I've got squid setup using Kerberos authentication. I'm also using squidguard as an URL redirector to block out the usual nastiness of the web. There are some sites though that we allow certain users to, and others not. This all works well, assuming I'm not using any streaming. From what i can determine from the squid logs and the wireshark traces I've done, when the initial request to stream is sent, everything is good, the authenticated username is sent with the request to squidguard. The problem is that on subsequent traffic the username is not sent to squidguard, causing it to be blocked based on default policy. I've tried using the squid built-in allow/deny stuff, but its relatively clunky, and so far squidguard has been pretty easy and fast. Here comes the question(s): How do i get Squid to pass username on all requests? (something tells me this isn't the best way) How do i get squidguard to see traffic is authenticated to a specific user even when a username isn't passed? Is there any other way of accomplishing this? A few details that may be of importance: I'm using a list of users stored in a text file for squidguard to compare against. I'm using full kerberos auth with Squid. CentOS 6.0 Squid 3.1.4 Squidguard 1.3

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• Cisco Catalyst 3750 connected to Cisco ASA 5505 and dropping packets

  - by Bo102010

  (Cross posted from Super User per suggestion there) At the office, I have inherited a network that I am still trying to fully comprehend. I have a problem today with a new connection between: A port on a Cisco Catalyst 3750 [WS-C3750G-48TS-S running C3750-IPSERVICESK9-M version 12.2(53)SE1] A port on a Cisco ASA 5505 [ASA Software version 8.3(2)] The 3750 is home to a Vlan that has a few ports assigned to it. interface Vlan3 description Internal network (172.18.160.0/24) ip address 172.18.160.1 255.255.255.0 I have a host (outside of my control) that needs to be in this VLAN (i.e it must have an address 172.18.160.something/24) that also needs to access the Internet. To accomplish this, I ran a link from the Catalyst (Gi1/0/13) to the ASA (Ethernet 0/5). I configured the Catalyst port like so: interface GigabitEthernet1/0/13 description To ASA, 172.18.160.69 switchport access vlan 3 switchport mode access speed 100 duplex full I configured the ASA like so: interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 172.18.160.69 255.255.255.0 interface Ethernet0/5 speed 100 duplex full Then I plugged the host into Ethernet 0/4 on the ASA and instructed its owner to make its default gateway 172.18.160.69. I made a NAT rule in the ASA and set up some rules, and it's able to access the Internet without issue. However, I noticed that the Catalyst reports a ton of packets being dropped toward the ASA. Catalyst3750#show interfaces GigabitEthernet 1/0/13 | include counters|drops Last clearing of "show interface" counters 00:28:13 Input queue: 0/75/0/0 (size/max/drops/flushes); Total output drops: 136909347 This is a huge number of drops, since there's not much traffic on this VLAN at all. I tried these things: Make sure speed and duplex agree on both sides (100 Mbps / Full) Set no cdp enable on the Catalyst Gi10/13 Set no keepalive on the Catalyst Gi10/13 Checked for excessive CPU usage on both Checked for excessive traffic on both Am I missing something? Any help would be appreciated.

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• Esx servers in a DMZ

  - by James

  I have two ESX 3.5 servers in a DMZ. I can access these servers on any port from my lan via a VPN. Servers in the DMZ are unable to initiate connections back to the lan, for obvious reasons. I have a vCenter server on my lan and can initially connect to the esx servers fine. However the esx servers then try to send a hearth beat back to the vCenter server on udp/902 obviously this will not get back to the vCenter server, which then marks the ESX servers as not responding and disconnects. There are two broad solutions I can think of; 1) Try to tell vCenter to ignore not getting heart beats. The best I can do here is delay the disconnect by 3 mins. 2) Try some clever network solution. However again I am at loss. Note: The vCenter server is on a lan, and cannot be given a public IP, so firewall rules back will not work. And also I cannot setup a VPN from the DMZ to the lan. **I am adding the following, explanation that I added to the comments Ok maybe this is the bit that I not explaining well. The DMZ is on a remote site, an entirely independent network (network 1). The vCenter server is on our office lan (network 2). Network 2 can connect to any machine on any port on network 1. But network 1 is not allowed to initiate a connection to network 2. Any traffic destined to network 2 from network 1 gets dropped by the firewall as it is traffic to a non-routable address. The only solution I can think of is setting up a VPN from network 1 to network 2, but this is not acceptable So any clever folk out there any ideas? J

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• How do I determine the cause of a sustained spike in mysql queries/activity?

  - by mattmcmanus

  So this is more of a "I'm trying to learn about how this works" question rather than "there is a serious problem I can't figure out!" question. I'm setting up a VPS and have been tweaking and changing things here and there. I recently installed munin (like two days ago) and yesterday I noticed a significant increase in mysql activity. So now my curiosity is going crazy. How do I setup/access mysql's query log? I have about 5 databases on the server so I want to see which one is getting all the action. Is there anything else I can do to keep a better eye on what's going on? Here are the graphs. As you can tell, it's not that much activity at all but I'm just curious at the change. The sites that are on the server right now do not get a lot of traffic. It's running a couple drupal sites, only one of which is live. The live one hasn't had a spike in traffic and the last spike was 250 visitors so it's barely a spike at all.

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• BGP Multihomed/Multi-location best practice

  - by Tom O'Connor

  We're in the process of designing a new iteration of our network where we improve resilliency by adding a second datacentre. We'll be adding a second datacentre, with an identical configuration of servers as our primary location. To achieve network connectivity, we're looking into a couple of possible methods. See earlier questions http://serverfault.com/questions/86736/best-way-to-improve-resilience and http://serverfault.com/questions/101582/dns-round-robin-failover-and-load-balancing I'm pretty convinced that BGP is the right way to go about this, and this question is not about RRDNS. 1) If we have 2 locations, do we announce the same IP address block from both locations? 2) If we did this, but had a management ssh interface on x.x.x.50 from datacentre A, but it was on x.x.x.150 in datacentre B. What is the best practice mechanism for achieving this? Because if I were nearest to A, then all my traffic would go to x.50, but if i attempted to connect to x.150, I'd not be able to connect, because this address wouldn't be valid at A, but only at B. Is the best solution to announce 2 different netblocks, one at each location, facilitating the need for RRDNS, or to announce a single block, and run some form of VPN between the two sites for managment traffic?

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• Internet slowed down because of SQUID Server setup

  - by Ranjith Kumar

  Recently I have setup a squid server for our office. I have computer (A) with two ethernet cards, one for internet and the second one for local networkIt has Ubuntu server OS with squid-server and dhcp3-server installedI have added few iptable rules to work like a router and redirect all http traffic to 3128 port This link is my reference. Everything worked fine for 2 days. All of a sudden internet speed went down drastically. When I connected the internet cable to my laptop to test the internet speed it was fine. Again when I reconnected it back to computer A everything was normal. This happened 4 times in a week. Could anyone here please help me why the internet speed is going down and it becomes normal when I reconnect the cable. EDIT: Rebooting the system (computer A) didn't make a difference. I have changed iptables so that http traffic doesn't redirect to 3128 port any further, still no change in the internet speed. I think the problem is not with squid but with something else. Here are my iptable rules SQUID_SERVER="10.1.1.1" INTERNET="eth1" LAN_IN="eth0" SQUID_PORT="3128" PROXYSERVERS=(Atlanta Baltimore Boston Chicago Dallas Denver Houston KansasCity LosAngeles Miami NewYork Philadelphia Phoenix SanAntonio SanDiego SanJose Seattle Washington) SERVERLEN=${#PROXYSERVERS[*]} I=0 iptables -F iptables -X iptables -t nat -F iptables -t nat -X iptables -t mangle -F iptables -t mangle -X modprobe ip_conntrack modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp echo 1 /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward iptables -P INPUT DROP iptables -P OUTPUT ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o lo -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i $INTERNET -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables --table nat --append POSTROUTING --out-interface $INTERNET -j MASQUERADE iptables --append FORWARD --in-interface $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -i $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT iptables -A OUTPUT -o $LAN_IN -j ACCEPT while [ $I -lt $SERVERLEN ]; do iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $LAN_IN -p tcp -d ${PROXYSERVERS[$I]}.wonderproxy.com --dport 80 -j ACCEPT let I++ done iptables -t nat -A PREROUTING -i $LAN_IN -p tcp --dport 80 -j DNAT --to $SQUID_SERVER:$SQUID_PORT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 80 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 443 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT --protocol tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -j LOG iptables -A INPUT -j DROP

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• FreeBSD slow transfers - RFC 1323 scaling issue?

  - by Trey

  I think I may be having an issue with window scaling (RFC 1323) and am hoping that someone can enlighten me on what's going on. Server: FreeBSD 9, apache22, serving a static 100MB zip file. 192.168.18.30 Client: Mac OS X 10.6, Firefox 192.168.17.47 Network: Only a switch between them - the subnet is 192.168.16/22 (In this test, I also have dummynet filtering simulating an 80ms ping time on all IP traffic. I've seen nearly identical traces with a "real" setup, with real internet traffic/latency also) Questions: Does this look normal? Is packet #2 specifying a window size of 65535 and a scale of 512? Is packet #5 then shrinking the window size so it can use the 512 scale and still keep the overall calculated window size near 64K? Why is the window scale so high? Here are the first 6 packets from wireshark. For packets 5 and 6 I've included the details showing the window size and scaling factor being used for the data transfer. Code: No. Time Source Destination Protocol Length Info 108 6.699922 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 TCP 78 49190 http [SYN] Seq=0 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=8 TSval=945617489 TSecr=0 SACK_PERM=1 115 6.781971 192.168.18.30 192.168.17.47 TCP 74 http 49190 [SYN, ACK] Seq=0 Ack=1 Win=65535 Len=0 MSS=1460 WS=512 SACK_PERM=1 TSval=2617517338 TSecr=945617489 116 6.782218 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 TCP 66 49190 http [ACK] Seq=1 Ack=1 Win=524280 Len=0 TSval=945617490 TSecr=2617517338 117 6.782220 192.168.17.47 192.168.18.30 HTTP 490 GET /utils/speedtest/large.file.zip HTTP/1.1 118 6.867070 192.168.18.30 192.168.17.47 TCP 375 [TCP segment of a reassembled PDU] Details: Transmission Control Protocol, Src Port: http (80), Dst Port: 49190 (49190), Seq: 1, Ack: 425, Len: 309 Source port: http (80) Destination port: 49190 (49190) [Stream index: 4] Sequence number: 1 (relative sequence number) [Next sequence number: 310 (relative sequence number)] Acknowledgement number: 425 (relative ack number) Header length: 32 bytes Flags: 0x018 (PSH, ACK) Window size value: 130 [Calculated window size: 66560] [Window size scaling factor: 512] Checksum: 0xd182 [validation disabled] Options: (12 bytes) No-Operation (NOP) No-Operation (NOP) Timestamps: TSval 2617517423, TSecr 945617490 [SEQ/ACK analysis] TCP segment data (309 bytes) Note: originally posted http://forums.freebsd.org/showthread.php?t=32552

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• KVM guest VLAN aware problems

  - by baraka

  Hi, We are using Centos 5.5. as KVM host. It has two nics. One for management and the other one for services. As we have services in multiple vlans this nic is configured as a 802.1Q trunk. Any VM must be able to have access to any vlan, so host trunk interface is bridged to its tap interface and vlan is configured inside VM. Everything works fine while there is not heavy traffic. I can not find any log on guest or host, but, after some certain sustained big file transfer (about 6Gb) bridging stop working. Other guest on the same host continue working without problems. tcpdump on bridge interface is Ok, but on guest tap inferface I can see only outgoing traffic. Restarting bridge or rejoining tap interface doesn't provide any clue. Rebooting guest turns on bridge again. Bridge configuration is minimal: just addbr and addif (no stp). Any idea welcome!

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• Amazon VPC NAT not working

  - by rpkelly

  I'm trying to create a NAT instance for my VPC to allow instances on private subnets connect to the internet (most importantly, S3). I tried following the instructions here: http://docs.amazonwebservices.com/AmazonVPC/2011-07-15/UserGuide/index.html?VPC_NAT_Instance.html . Unfortunately, the instances in the private subnet (call it 10.10.2.0/24) cannot reach the internet. I have done the following: Create a NAT instance (Amazon's ami-vpc-nat-1.0.0-beta.i386-ebs (ami-d8699bb1)) in public subnet (call it 10.10.1.0/24). Changed "Source / Dest Check" to disabled. Created a new entry in the default routing table (which is used by 10.10.2.0/24) and had it point to the ID of the newly created instance. Associated an Elastic IP address with the NAT instance. Allowed all outbound traffic on the security group of the NAT instance. Ensured that all traffic could pass between the two subnets. I've tried also doing this with an existing instance using iptables, but had no luck. And I have verified that sys.net.ipv4.ip_forward is 1, just in case anyone was wondering. And I still have no internet connectivity from the instances on 10.10.2.0/24. Does anyone have any suggestions?

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• Changing Mac OS X 10.6 Routing after VPN'd In

  - by Matt Rogish

  I have a coffee shop around the corner that I use to do some work when I want to get away from home. They offer free wi-fi and I then use my Mac 10.6 VPN to log into my work network. I have "Send all traffic over VPN connection" checked. Before, their network was 10.0.0.x. I think they got a new router because it's now 192.168.2.x However, this interferes with one of the subnets at work so now I can't visit 192.168.2.x at work. So: 1) Office network: VPN gives IPs as 192.168.1.x. Another network is 192.168.2.x 2) Coffee network: Gives IPs as 192.168.2.x I think if I set a route to send all 2.x traffic over the tunnel, it would blow up my routing to their system, right? What should I do? I know the individual IPs of the servers I want... Maybe I could add each one, or can I add all of them minus the default gateway of their router? How do I set that up "temporarily" in my Mac? Thanks!!

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• Widespread misinterpretation of DNS rules in resolving wildcards

  - by Dominic Sayers

  [EDITED to add: This problem has gone away on its own. I believe Cloudflare's name resolution may have been to blame. See my own answer below] Here is a snippet of my zone file *.example.com. 300 IN CNAME proxy.herokuapp.com. foo.example.com. 300 IN A 111.111.111.111 If I dig @8.8.8.8 foo.example.com I get the answer I expect: ;; ANSWER SECTION: foo.example.com. 30 IN A 111.111.111.111 The same is true of all other public DNS servers I've tried. However, when I try to set up a check with Pingdom to a URL on foo.example.com it instead sends the traffic to my Heroku app referenced by the *.example.com RR. The same is true of checks set up on New Relic, Errplane and traffic generated by the Heroku app itself. So on the one side, all public DNS servers interpret the zone file one way. Yet four service providers all interpret it a different way, one that differs to the standard suggested by RFC 4592. My question is: are these reputable, mature service providers all wrong? Or is it little me?

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• Poor SSL performance with vsftpd

  - by petrus

  I'm trying to tweak vsftpd to achieve maximum performance for my usage: I have only one or two clients that connect to the server. File size is between ~15MB and 1GB. Typical transfer batch represent between 1 and 2GB of data. For testing purposes, I'm using a tmpfs on both sides (thus eliminating any disks bottleneck) with a single 1GB file. When SSL is disabled, performance is good, with a transfer rate at ~120MB/s (reaching the limits of gigabit networking). With SSL enabled only for control traffic (and not data traffic), performance drops at about 112MB/s, which is still within the acceptable limits. However, when SSL is enabled for data flows, the transfer speed drops dramatically: 6.7MB/s using 3DES & SHA (ssl_ciphers=DES-CBC3-SHA in vsftpd.conf) 16MB/s using DES & SHA (ssl_ciphers=DES-CBC-SHA) I didn't tested other ciphers, but from what I can see from the CPU usage during the transfer, it seems that vsftpd is only using a single cpu/core per client. While this can fit for large ftp sites with hundreds of clients, I'd like to avoid this behavior and use more ressources on the server. On a side note, if you have any ideas regarding other openssl ciphers...

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• Possible to IPSec VPN Tunnel Public IP Addresses?

  - by caleban

  A customer uses an IBM SAS product over the internet. Traffic flows from the IBM hosting data center to the customer network through Juniper VPN appliances. IBM says they're not tunneling private IP addresses. IBM says they're tunneling public IP addresses. Is this possible? What does this look like in the VPN configuration and in the packets? I'd like to know what the source/destination ip/ports would look like in the encrypted tunneled IPSec Payload and in the IP packet carrying the IPSec Payload. IPSec Payload: source:1.1.1.101:1001 destination:2.2.2.101:2001 IP Packet: source:1.1.1.1:101 destination:2.2.2.1:201 Is it possible to send public IP addresses through an IPSec VPN tunnel? Is it possible for IBM to send a print job from a server on their network using the static-nat public address over a VPN to a printer at a customer network using the printer's static-nat public address? Or can a VPN not do this? Can a VPN only work with interesting traffic from and to private IP addresses?

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• Wireless Activity Monitoring for PCI DSS Compliance

  - by dkusleika

  In an effort to be PCI DSS compliant, I took a trustkeeper.net questionnaire. I failed the question that asks Is the presence of wireless access points tested for by using a wireless analyzer at least quarterly or by deploying a wireless IDS/IPS to identify all wireless devices in use? (SAQ #11.1) My only wireless access point is outside my firewall, so even if you cracked my wireless you couldn't get inside my domain (unless you crack that too). My firewall doesn't have IPS and I couldn't tell if it had IDS. I looked around for a wireless analyzer, but what I found was $500, which is a little pricey for my size business. And even if I got it, I'm not sure I would understand what it tells me. Surely there are smaller/less sophisticated businesses that take credit cards and have solved this. My questions are: What are the risks if someone were to crack my wireless? (Could they read all internet traffic? Just wireless traffic? Just use my internet connection?) And what is the best/cheapest way to test my connection point quarterly? Should I buy the $500 analyzer? Domain is Windows Server 2000. Firewall is Sonicwall Pro 2040. Router is 8 port D-link.

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• How do I create a wifi network bridge with qemu on OS X?

  - by a paid nerd

  I grabbed a small FreeBSD live CD and QEMU, and I'm trying to bridge my Mac OS X 10.8 wifi connection so that the guest OS is available on my LAN. However, the guest OS never gets a DHCP lease. This works perfectly with VirtualBox in their "bridged" network mode, so I know it can be done. I need to get it working with QEMU because VirtualBox doesn't support the architecture that I need for this project. Here's what I've done so far based on hours of googling: Installed TUNTAP for OS X Told OS X to supposedly forward all packets, even ARP: (NOTE: This doesn't appear to work.) $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.forwarding=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.link.ether.inet.proxyall=1 $ sudo sysctl -w net.inet.ip.fw.enable=1 Created a bridge: $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 create $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 addm en0 addm tap0 $ sudo ifconfig bridge0 up $ ifconfig bridge0: flags=8863<UP,BROADCAST,SMART,RUNNING,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ac:de:xx:xx:xx:xx Configuration: priority 0 hellotime 0 fwddelay 0 maxage 0 ipfilter disabled flags 0x2 member: en0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 4 priority 0 path cost 0 member: tap0 flags=3<LEARNING,DISCOVER> port 8 priority 0 path cost 0 tap0: flags=8943<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,PROMISC,SIMPLEX,MULTICAST> mtu 1500 ether ca:3d:xx:xx:xx:xx open (pid 88244) Started tcpdump with -I in the hopes that it enables promiscuous mode on the wifi device: $ sudo tcpdump -In -i en0 Run QEMU using the bridged network instructions: $ qemu-system-x86_64 -cdrom mfsbsd-9.2-RELEASE-amd64.iso -m 1024 \ -boot d -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no,downscript=no But the guest system never gets a DHCP lease: If I tcpdump -ni tap0, I see lots of traffic from the wireless network. But if I tcpdump -ni en0, I don't see any DHCP traffic from the QEMU guest OS. Any ideas? Update 1: I tried sudo defaults write "/Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.Boot" "Kernel Flags" "net.inet.ip.scopedroute=0" and rebooting per this mailing list suggestion, but this didn't help. In fact, it made VirtualBox bridged mode stop working.

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• How to setup Mac server to use two gateways

  - by Brady

  I recently asked this question: How to set Mac server to use different Gateway for internet bound traffic The answer given works but has presented me with another issue that I didnt make clear in that question. Here is my network layout as it stands: At the moment outside staff members use some services on the existing internet 1 link. Those services are hosted by the Mac server. If I change the gateway of the Mac server to the second modem those outside staff lose visabilty on those services. Now I dont know how to go about solving this issue. I want the second link to be used when the Mac server goes to rsync data offsite but everything else use link one. How do I do this? Thanks Scott EDIT: This has been resolved by setting the default gateway on the Mac server to 192.168.1.254 Thus leaving everything on the network as it was before. but to get the Mac server to use the other link for rsync I've added a route to the Mac server to route traffic to the rsync server through the second gateway. sudo route add -net {server IP's}/{Netmask} 192.168.1.1 I've awarded the answer to gravyface for pointing me to a post on how to make this route persistant in Mac

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• Issue with SSL using HAProxy and Nginx

  - by Ben Chiappetta

  I'm building a highly available site using a multiple HAProxy load balancers, Nginx web serves, and MySQL servers. The site needs to be able to survive load balancer or web servers nodes going offline without any interruption of service to visitors. Currently, I have two boxes running HAProxy sharing a virtual IP using keepalived, which forward to two web servers running Nginx, which then tie into two MySQL boxes using MySQL replication and sharing a virtual IP using heartbeat. Everything is working correctly except for SSL traffic over HAProxy. I'm running version 1.5 dev12 with openssl support compiled in. When I try to navigate to the virtual IP for haproxy over https, I get the message: The plain HTTP request was sent to HTTPS port. Here's my haproxy.cfg so far, which was mainly assembled from other posts: global log 127.0.0.1 local0 log 127.0.0.1 local1 notice # log 127.0.0.1 local0 user haproxy group haproxy daemon maxconn 20000 defaults log global option dontlognull balance leastconn clitimeout 60000 srvtimeout 60000 contimeout 5000 retries 3 option redispatch listen front bind :80 bind :443 ssl crt /etc/pki/tls/certs/cert.pem mode http option http-server-close option forwardfor reqadd X-Forwarded-Proto:\ https if { is_ssl } reqadd X-Proto:\ SSL if { is_ssl } server web01 192.168.25.34 check inter 1s server web02 192.168.25.32 check inter 1s stats enable stats uri /stats stats realm HAProxy\ Statistics stats auth admin:********* Any idea why SSL traffic isn't being passed correctly? Also, any other changes you would recommend? I still need to configure logging, so don't worry about that section. Thanks in advance your help.

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• Cacti is ignoring hash marks in interface aliases

  - by Matt Simmons

  I'm attempting to set up Cacti to monitor a router's interfaces, and I'm having trouble getting the graph templates to show the information that I'd like. Our interface configuration looks like this: interface GigabitEthernet3/6 description WalljackNumber # Server info no ip address no shutdown switchport switchport access vlan 116 switchport mode access ip dhcp snooping trust spanning-tree portfast The "Server Info" string is really just the machine name, and a short relevant description, such as "PolarSprings vmnic2". The important part appears to be that it follows the hashmark. When I run snmpwalk, I get the proper output: IF-MIB::ifAlias.230 = STRING: WalljackNumber # Server info But in Cacti, when I go into the graph templates and set the title to this: |host_description| - Traffic - |query_ifName| (|query_ifAlias|) All that shows up in the graph is: switchname - Traffic - Gi3/6 (WalljackNumber #) Which strikes me as a little weird. What I suppose MAY be happening is that somewhere in the cacti stream, it's interpreting # as being a comment and stripping everything after, but I'm not sure. I was hoping someone could tell me that this was a known documented behavior, or that I could change it in a setting that I wasn't aware of. The alternative answer is to change the delimiter from # to something else, but I've got over a thousand lit switchports on an old college infrastructure, and I'm not sure what else might be relying on them.

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