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• What does /dev/null mean in a shell script?

  - by rishiag

  I've started learning bash scripting by using this guide: http://www.tldp.org/LDP/abs/abs-guide.pdf However I got stuck at the first script: cd /var/log cat /dev/null > messages cat /dev/null > wtmp echo "Log files cleaned up." What do lines 2 and 3 do in Ubuntu (I understand cat)? Is it only for other Linux distributions? After running this script as root, the output I get is Log files cleaned up. But /var/log still contains all the files.

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• Why does service service_name status give different responses for different services?

  - by Code Ghar

  Running the "service service_name status" command gives three different types of output when three different service_names are used. I tried with atftpd, apache2, and isc-dhcp-server, as shown below. user@host:~$ service atftpd status Usage: /etc/init.d/atftpd {start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload} user@host:~$ service apache2 status Apache2 is running (pid 1103). user@host:~$ service isc-dhcp-server status isc-dhcp-server start/running, process 5696 Could this be because atftpd has not been converted to Upstart? The status for isc-dhcp-server shows "start/running" which indicates it has been converted to use Upstart. I would've thought apache2 would have been converted to Upstart already. If it has then why does it not display "start/running"?

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• Ubuntu 11.0 HDMI Video Card No 5.1 Audio

  - by ryandlf

  I am using Ubuntu and XMBC on my HTPC and have chosen the Radeon HD5570 Video card which has an HDMI output. In the sound preferences there is no surround sound option for the video card just stereo and although I can get sound through it in XBMC, my receiver does not state Dolby Digital on movies that are in fact Dolby so its definitely not giving me the true sound it should. Does this card not support surround sound through HDMI and I somehow missed it? If that is the case does anyone have suggestion that has been tested and works? Id like to know its going to work before investing in yet another video card.

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• ASUS Xonar DG not working Ubuntu

  - by thephpdev

  I've checked the "Questions that may already have your answer" to no avail. Basically, there is no sound at all, the snd_oxygen drivers are all being loaded. I can see the sound card and all of it's separate ports in Settings-Sound-Output, but nothing is coming out. I tried adjusting the volume in alsamixer, but for some reason the volume won't change (all that is there are some options [Speakers, Headphones, FP Headphones] and they change when I press the up/down arrow keys) at all. I have also tried many other terminal commands, such as reloading alsa and checking if the sound card is even being detected, which it is. I'm left clueless. It says on a bug report that this has been unassigned for over a year. Surely that's not right. Thanks in advance, Caelan.

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• I cannot create Rails app on Netbeans 7.0. It hangs at the point 25%.

  - by user28931

  My development env. is, Win7 Ultimate Ruby 1.9.2p180 Rails 3.0.9 Gem 1.8.5 sqlite3 and mysql2 gems are installed My IDE is netbeans 7.0. ruby plugin for netbeans 7.0 is installed. i want to create a new rails app thru netbeans. but it hangs at the process of 25%. does someone hit the same issue? Is there a solution? From the output, i can see the rails app file structures are created. I know some of you may suggest me to use linux to develop rails app. that's an option. but i am newer to linux. i'd like to use win7 at present.

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• ALSA Mutes Incorrect Audio Device on Headphone Event

  - by Gardiner

  I know what the problem is, I just don't know how to prevent it. When I plug in my headphones, ALSA automatically mutes (and sets the volume to 0) the 'Speaker' entry in alsamixer. If I go in and manually unmute (and turn the volume up) I have sound from my headphones. Question is, how do I change this behavior? I want it to adjust the volume to half, but not mute or set the volume to 0. I'm using Ubuntu Gnome 13.04 Output of amixer scontents Simple mixer control 'IEC958',0 Capabilities: pswitch pswitch-joined penum Playback channels: Mono Mono: Playback [on] This answer solved my issue: How can I get sound on headphones without switching back to 'Speakers' manually?

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• how to fix error with ati driver ubuntu 11.10 X Error of failed request?

  - by user34785

  i install driver by this link : http://cisight.com/install-amd-radeon-hd-6470m-and-solve-overheat-on-ubuntu-1110-oneiric/ but will time i run fglrxinfo , display it : X Error of failed request: BadRequest (invalid request code or no such operation) Major opcode of failed request: 136 (GLX) Minor opcode of failed request: 19 (X_GLXQueryServerString) Serial number of failed request: 12 Current serial number in output stream: 12 my xorg is : Section "ServerLayout" Identifier "aticonfig Layout" Screen 0 "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" 0 0 EndSection Section "Module" Load "fglrx" EndSection Section "Monitor" Identifier "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0" Option "VendorName" "ATI Proprietary Driver" Option "ModelName" "Generic Autodetecting Monitor" Option "DPMS" "true" EndSection Section "Screen" Identifier "aticonfig-Screen[0]-0" Device "aticonfig-Device[0]-0" Monitor "aticonfig-Monitor[0]-0" DefaultDepth 24 SubSection "Display" Viewport 0 0 Depth 24 EndSubSection EndSection how may i solve it? thanks

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• List all versions of a package

  - by askb

  Is there a equivalent of this command; yum list kernel-headers --showduplicates on Ubuntu with apt-get, apt-cache etc. The above command lists various versions of the kernel-headers rpm available on F20/RHEL or installations. Closet I can get using apt-cache showpkg, not sure if there is a better way ? $ apt-cache showpkg linux-image Package: linux-image Versions: Reverse Depends: firmware-crystalhd,linux-image systemtap,linux-image fiaif,linux-image Dependencies: Provides: Reverse Provides: linux-image-3.13.0-27-lowlatency 3.13.0-27.50 linux-image-3.13.0-27-generic 3.13.0-27.50 linux-image-3.13.0-24-lowlatency 3.13.0-24.47 linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic 3.13.0-24.47 linux-image-3.13.0-24-lowlatency 3.13.0-24.46 linux-image-3.13.0-24-generic 3.13.0-24.46 Expecting similar output: $ yum list kernel-headers --showduplicates Loaded plugins: langpacks, refresh-packagekit Installed Packages kernel-headers.x86_64 3.11.10-301.fc20 @fedora Available Packages kernel-headers.x86_64 3.11.10-301.fc20 fedora kernel-headers.x86_64 3.14.4-200.fc20 updates This would help me simply do a downgrade or upgrade to a specific version.

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• How can I change resolution of "my video" in Skype?

  - by koushik

  I have a logitech Quickcam Pro 9000 connected to my ubuntu desktop and it works fine with Skype. However, Skype inputs and sends my video at the native (for the webcam I think) resolution of 1600 x 1200. I can confirm that the camera supports a wide variety of resolutions starting from 160 x 120 upto 1600 x 1200 (including e.g., 320 x 240, 352 x 288) using cheese. I can select these resolutions and see the output is appropriately scaled. Also, I don't see any improvements in smoothness of motion in the captured video so I suspect the original 1600 x 1200 is scaled down in the path somewhere. Is it possible to somehow to enable this scaling capability towards Skype?

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• C# double &amp; nary for loops

  - by MarkPearl

  Something that I wasn’t aware was possible in C# was double for loops… they have the following format. for (int x = 0, y = 0; x < 10; x++, y=x*2) { Console.Write("{0} ", y); } Console.ReadLine(); This would give you the following output… 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 In fact you can use as many variables as you want, the following would also be valid… for (int x = 0, y = 0, z = 10; x < 10; x++, y=x*2) { Console.Write("{0} ", z); } Console.ReadLine();

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• Radeon HD5570 HDMI Video Card 5.1 Audio doesn't work

  - by ryandlf

  I am using Ubuntu and XMBC on my HTPC and have chosen the Radeon HD5570 Video card which has an HDMI output. In the sound preferences there is no surround sound option for the video card just stereo and although I can get sound through it in XBMC, my receiver does not state Dolby Digital on movies that are in fact Dolby so its definitely not giving me the true sound it should. Does this card not support surround sound through HDMI and I somehow missed it? If that is the case does anyone have suggestion that has been tested and works? Id like to know its going to work before investing in yet another video card. UPDATE I purchased a Nvidia GeForce GTS 450, plugged it in, downloaded the proprietary driver from the system control panel, disabled the onboard audio from the BIOS (not sure if this was necessary but I did it anyways), and changed the sound settings to use the new video card. Everything works flawlessly. It was a seemless setup.

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• How do I figure out the minimum number of swaps to sort a list in-place?

  - by sova

  In-place sorting is essentially swapping elements without using extra storage, correct? How can I find the minimum number of swaps required for a list? A C D Q R Z E // input | | | > > > <<< // movement A C D E Q R Z // output Swapping: A C D Q R Z E swap Q with E, ACDERZQ swap R with Q, ACDEQZR swap R with Z, ACDEQRZ. done. 3 swaps. Shifting items left or right is essentially swapping, but I want the optimal number for plucking an item out of line and switching its place with another.

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• Procurement Search Helpers

  - by Oracle_EBS

  To access all our Procurement Search Helpers see Doc ID 1391332.2 our Procurement Information Center Index, then click on Purchasing under Procurement Suite. Here you will see links to our Procurement Search Helpers: Search Helpers provide a collection of solutions based on the symptoms you enter. Try these before logging a Service Request.  If you are not sure how to use Search Helpers, click on 'About this Note' in each document. Current Procurement Search Helpers: Doc ID Search Helper Title 1361856.1  EBS : Purchase Order and Requisition Approval Search Helper (In Process or Incomplete Status) 1377764.1 EBS : PO Output for Communication / Supplier Notification Issues Search Helper 1364360.1 EBS : Requisition To Purchase Order Search Helper 1369663.1 EBS : Purchase Document Open Interface and API Search Helper 1391970.1 EBS : Search Helper for RVTII-060 Errors in Receiving 1394392.1 EBS : Purchasing Buyer Work Center Search Helper 1470034.1 EBS : Document Control Issues Search Helper

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• How do I fix the Gparted message : Error while reading block at sector xxx ?

  - by Agmenor

  When I tried to move one of my partitions, I got some error messages. Here are some extracts: Move /dev/sda7 to the left 00:05:09 ( ERROR ) (...) check file system on /dev/sda7 for errors and (if possible) fix them 00:00:10 ( SUCCESS ) e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sda7 (...) move file system to the left 00:04:52 ( ERROR ) perform read-only test 00:04:52 ( ERROR ) using internal algorithm read 114013242 sectors finding optimal blocksize (...) read 113357882 sectors using a blocksize of 1024 sectors 00:04:36 ( ERROR ) 22527034 of 113357882 read Error while reading block at sector 385849832 23182394 sectors read ( ERROR ) (...) libparted messages ( INFO ) Input/output error during read on /dev/sda What should I do to effectively move my partition?

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• Thread count in Java game

  - by Taylor Hill

  I'm just curious as to what a reasonable number of threads is for a simple 2D mmo in Java. Is it reasonable to have two threads per connection, one for the input stream and one for the output stream? The reason I ask is because I use a blocking method on the input stream, and a workaround seems unnecessarily complex if I were to try to get around it without adding threads. This is mostly for my own edification; I don't expect to have 5 million people playing it ever, or even 5, but I'm wondering what a good scalable solution is, and if this is reasonable for a small server (<30 connections).

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• What do the various dpkg flags like 'ii' 'rc' mean?

  - by theTuxRacer

  I frequently need to check which packages are installed, and I use the following command: dpkg -l | grep foo which gives the following output Desired=Unknown/Install/Remove/Purge/Hold | Status=Not/Inst/Cfg-files/Unpacked/Failed-cfg/Half-inst/trig-aWait/Trig-pend |/ Err?=(none)/Reinst-required (Status,Err: uppercase=bad) ||/ Name Version Description ii foo <version> <description> What does the ii mean? What other flags are there? How to read the flags? (because the explanation is quite complicated, IMO) Thanks.

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• Do unused vertices in a 3D object affect performance?

  - by Gajet

  For my game I need to generate a mesh dynamically. Now I'm wondering does it have a noticeable affect in FPS if I allocate more vertices than what I'm actually using or not? and does it matter if I'm using DirectX or OpenGL? Edit Final output will be a w*h cell grid, but for technical issues it's much easier for me to allocate (w+1)*(h+1) vertices. Sure I'll only use w*h vertices in indexing, and I know there is some memory wasting there, but I want to know if it also affect FPS or not? (Note that mesh is only generated once in each time you play the game)

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• 12.10 sound resumes only after Suspend

  - by user70716

  I installed the 12.10 yesterday and like 12.04 there was no sound, I have an ACER 4830 TG. I noticed that the HDMI output is working fine, but Speaker or Headphone isn't working. So I did the following: sudo add-apt-repository ppa:ubuntu-audio-dev sudo apt-get update sudo apt-get dist-upgrade and still couldn't get the sound. Then I found the temp fix for this issue which is to Suspend the machine completely and resume. However, after restart the same thing happens. Is there a solution to this issue?

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• Microphone not working at all on a Toshiba sattelite p505 s8980

  - by flamingburner

  My built-in microphone doesn't work in "record audio" program and in Skype. I'm using ubuntu 11.10 in Toshiba sattelite p505 s8980. No mute button checked I have PulseAudio Volume Control installed currently when aim trying to use record audio program and hear what I record it plays noisy sound not my voice I changed my computer from 'Analog Stereo Output' to 'Analog Stereo Duplex', in both sound setting ( ubuntu ) and in PulseAudio Volume Control no problem in bios and in my windows seven sound worked perfectly and in ubuntu no problem in sound at all i can play music and movies and even in skype i can hear the sounf of who is taking to me ( it's about the microphone only "

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• Triple monitors on hybrid video system GeForce+Intel

  - by v_mil

  I use Lenovo Ideapad Z580A with hybrid video: GeForce+Intel with Ubuntu 12.10 x64 Ukrainian. It has internal display and two outputs: HDMI and VGA. When I connect third display to VGA all displays go black. Pressing alt+backspace and login causes output to two displays: internal and VGA. System Settings - Displays (or monitors - I have Ukrainian interface) shows three displays: two are on, one (DVI) is off. Turning DVI on and pressing apply causes an error: Can not set configuration of controller CRTC 65. BIOS setting is Optimus (two video cards). Driver for GeForce is Nouveau. With best regards. Viktor.

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• Scalability of multi-threading in game server

  - by Taylor Hill

  What is a reasonable number of threads for a simple 2D mmo in Java? Is it reasonable to have two threads per connection, one for the input stream and one for the output stream? The reason I ask is because I use a blocking method on the input stream, and a workaround seems unnecessarily complex if I were to try to get around it without adding threads. This is mostly for my own edification; I don't expect to have 5 million people playing it ever, or even 5, but I'm wondering what a good scalable solution is, and if this is reasonable for a small server (<30 connections).

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• How do I set a custom resolution in 12.04 with a nVidia video card (9600 GSO)?

  - by Aaron Agarunov

  I have 32 bit 12.04 and my video card drivers are up to date at "304.64" yet my resolution appears capped at 1920x1080. I am trying to get the resolution to 2560x1440 or even higher, as I am running this machine on a 42" LCD through HDMI and the 1920x1080 resolution will not stretch to fit the screen and is therefore fairly zoomed in. The 9600 GSO supports up to 2560x1600, so this should be no problem for the card itself. I have tried using xrandr, which successfully creates the 2560x1440 60 hertz mode but does not allow me to --addmode or --output it in. I have tried working with the xorg.conf, but I actually can not find a way to create the file since when I try to, I am given an error message stating that the # of monitors I have does not match the # of screens I have. Can anyone provide some help or insight?

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• How to determine the size of a package in terminal prior to downloading?

  - by user14590

  When using apt-get install <package_name>, and there are dependencies that need to be downloaded, the terminal outputs names of additional packages and total size, and asks for confirmation before downloading. But, when dependencies are satisfied and nothing but the named package needs to be downloaded there is no size output and no confirmation. When using Synaptic, I can see the total size that new packages that will use after installation but no way to see the size that needs to be downloaded, except to go from package to package and use properties to see the compressed size. I would like to know if there is a way to see the size of a package(s) in terminal and Synaptic prior to downloading and installing it/them?

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• Structuring an input file

  - by Ricardo

  I am in the process of structuring a small program to perform some hydraulic analysis of pipe flow. As I am envisioning this, the program will read an input file, store the input parameters in a suitable way, operate on them and finally output results. I am struggling with how to structure the input file in a sane way; that is, in a way that a human can write it easily and a machine can parse it easily. A sample input file made available to me for a similar program is just a stream of comma-separated numbers that don't make much sense on their own, so that's the scenario I am trying to avoid. Though I am giving the details of my particular problem, I am more interested in general input-file structuring strategies. Is a stream of comma-separated values my best bet? Would I be better off using some sort of key:value structure? I don't know much about this, so any help will probably put me in a better track than I am now.

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• Screen Resolution Problem with Ubuntu 14.04 and VirtualBox

  - by user3341257

  Environment: Lenovo T530 running Windows 7. Have installed Ubuntu 14.04 on a virtual machine using VM Virtual Box. Have installed all the updates from both Virtual Box and Ubuntu. Problem: While in Ubuntu's desktop and other Ubuntu initiated programs, the window is reduced to about 3x4 inches showing in the middle of the rest of my regular Virtual Box window. I am seeing only the upper right hand of the screen output of what I would normally see. Please help. I've seen How do I install Guest Additions in a VirtualBox VM? But, none of these answers works in 14.04.

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