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• sendmail rules for filtering spam

  - by user71061

  Hi! Can anyone help me with constructing sendmail rules for limiting spam? Assuming that name of my domain is my.domain.com, I want to use following rules: If BOTH sender and recipient address is from my.domain.com, message should be rejected (sendmail server only relays messages between my internal exchange server and outside word, so sending messages between users from my.domain.com always occour on exchange server and never on sendmail server) If recipient list contains AT LAST ONE invalid address, whole message should be rejected (even for valid recipients addresses) If sending server uses HELO message with bogus domain name (other than domain of this server), message should be rejected Any server attempting to send mail to dedicated address (f.e. [email protected]), should be automatically blacklisted Any other suggested rules ...

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• Ubuntu 12.04 cloud edition on Amazon - Apache2 - /etc

  - by jdog

  I have setup a web server on Amazon with 3 Virtual hosts. For some reason I can't get any of the sites going on it, they all show a 404 error. /var/log/apache2/error.log shows "File does not exist: /etc/apache2/htdocs" I have checked: a2ensite all my virtual hosts actually checked softlinks in sites-enabled access rights in /var/www to 777, in case user is not www-data grep -r htdocs /etc/apache2 (returns nothing) ports.conf has NameVirtualHost directive exactly matching Virtual Hosts What else could this be? ports.conf # If you just change the port or add more ports here, you will likely also # have to change the VirtualHost statement in # /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default # This is also true if you have upgraded from before 2.2.9-3 (i.e. from # Debian etch). See /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/NEWS.Debian.gz and # README.Debian.gz NameVirtualHost 107.20.169.163:80 Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> sites-available/www.seleconlight.com <VirtualHost 107.20.169.163:80> ServerName www.seleconlight.com DocumentRoot /var/www/www.seleconlight.com CustomLog /var/log/apache2/www.seleconlight.com-access.log combined ErrorLog /var/log/apache2/www.seleconlight.com-error.log </VirtualHost>

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• Map a domain to another subdomain - Rackspace

  - by Gorgi Rankovski

  I am using a subdomain as a parameter to an ASP.NET MVC 4 application. It's working well. Now I need to test my approach, so I have the application hosted on appharbor. It works well with subdomains here too. Our DNS registers are on Rackspace, but I have no control over it. Another guy is responsible for that. So, myapp.apphb.com can be accessed through myapp.com. Also abc.myapp.com is working as expected. I use abc as a parameter. So, now I want abc.com to be mapped in those Rackspace DNS registers to abc.myapp.com Is this possible at all? Can you explain to us how to do that? Will I have some problems with it? Anything that I should be aware of? Please have in mind that I am newbie when it comes to DNS. And no experience with Rackspace. Thanks.

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• Allow Incoming Responses Apache. On Ubuntu 11.10 - Curl

  - by Daniel Adarve

  I'm trying to get a Curl Response from an outside server, however I noticed I cant neither PING the server in question nor connect to it. I tried disabling the iptables firewall but I had no success. My server is running behind a Cisco Linksys WRTN310N Router with the DD-wrt firmware Installed. In which I already disabled the firewall. Here are my network settings: Ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:26:b9:76:73:6b inet addr:192.168.1.120 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::226:b9ff:fe76:736b/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:49713 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:30987 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:52829022 (52.8 MB) TX bytes:5438223 (5.4 MB) Interrupt:16 lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:341 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:27604 (27.6 KB) TX bytes:27604 (27.6 KB) /etc/resolv.conf nameserver 192.168.1.1 /etc/nsswitch.com passwd: compat group: compat shadow: compat hosts: files dns networks: files protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis /etc/host.conf order hosts,bind multi on /etc/hosts 127.0.0.1 localhost 127.0.0.1 callcenter # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters /etc/network/interfaces # The loopback network interface auto lo iface lo inet loopback # The primary network interface auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 192.168.1.120 netmask 255.255.255.0 network 192.168.1.1 broadcast 192.168.1.255 gateway 192.168.1.1 The Url to which im trying to get a connection to is https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php When I ping it on terminal heres what I get daniel@callcenter:~$ ping https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php ping: unknown host https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php daniel@callcenter:~$ ping www.veripayment.com PING www.veripayment.com (69.172.200.5) 56(84) bytes of data. --- www.veripayment.com ping statistics --- 2 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 1007ms PHP Function in codeigniter public function authorizePayment(){ //--------------------------------------------------- // Authorize a payment //--------------------------------------------------- // Get variables from POST array $post_str = "action=payment&business=" .urlencode($this->input->post('business')) ."&vericode=" .urlencode($this->input->post('vericode')) ."&item_name=" .urlencode($this->input->post('item_name')) ."&item_code=" .urlencode($this->input->post('item_code')) ."&quantity=" .urlencode($this->input->post('quantity')) ."&amount=" .urlencode($this->input->post('amount')) ."&cc_type=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_type')) ."&cc_number=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_number')) ."&cc_expdate=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_expdate_year')).urlencode($this->input->post('cc_expdate_month')) ."&cc_security_code=" .urlencode($this->input->post('cc_security_code')) ."&shipment=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipment')) ."&first_name=" .urlencode($this->input->post('first_name')) ."&last_name=" .urlencode($this->input->post('last_name')) ."&address=" .urlencode($this->input->post('address')) ."&city=" .urlencode($this->input->post('city')) ."&state_or_province=" .urlencode($this->input->post('state_or_province')) ."&zip_or_postal_code=" .urlencode($this->input->post('zip_or_postal_code')) ."&country=" .urlencode($this->input->post('country')) ."&shipping_address=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_address')) ."&shipping_city=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_city')) ."&shipping_state_or_province=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_state_or_province')) ."&shipping_zip_or_postal_code=".urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_zip_or_postal_code')) ."&shipping_country=" .urlencode($this->input->post('shipping_country')) ."&phone=" .urlencode($this->input->post('phone')) ."&email=" .urlencode($this->input->post('email')) ."&ip_address=" .urlencode($this->input->post('ip_address')) ."&website_unique_id=" .urlencode($this->input->post('website_unique_id')); // Send URL string via CURL $backendUrl = "https://www.veripayment.com/integration/index.php"; $this->curl->create($backendUrl); $this->curl->post($post_str); $return = $this->curl->execute(); $result = array(); // Explode array where blanks are found $resparray = explode(' ', $return); if ($resparray) { // save results into an array foreach ($resparray as $resp) { $keyvalue = explode('=', $resp); if(isset($keyvalue[1])){ $result[$keyvalue[0]] = str_replace('"', '', $keyvalue[1]); } } } return $result; } This gets an empty result array. This function however works well in the previous server where the script was hosted before. No modifications where made whatsoever Thanks in Advance

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• Firefox does not load certificate chain

  - by TimWolla

  I'm running lighttpd/1.4.28 (ssl) on Debian Squeeze. I just created a http://startssl.com certificate, I runs fine at all of my Browsers (Firefox, Chrome, Opera), but my users are reporting certificate-errors in Firefox. I already nailed it down to a failing of loading of the certificate chain: Certificate at my Firefox: http://i.stack.imgur.com/moR5x.png Certificate at others Firefox: http://i.stack.imgur.com/ZVoIu.png (Note the missing StartCOM-certificates here) I followed this tutorial for embedding the certificate in my lighttpd: https://forum.startcom.org/viewtopic.php?t=719 The relevant parts of my lighttpd.conf look like this: $SERVER["socket"] == ":443" { ssl.engine = "enable" ssl.ca-file = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/ca-bundle.pem" ssl.pemfile = "/etc/lighttpd/certs/www.bisaboard.crt" } ca-bundle.pem was created like this: cat ca.pem sub.class1.server.ca.pem > ca-bundle.pem I grabbed the relevant files from here: http://www.startssl.com/certs/ www.bisaboard.crt was created like this: cat certificate.pem ssl.key > www.bisaboard.crt Where certificate.pem is my StartSSL-Class1 Certificate and ssl.key my SSL-Root-Key. Do you have any idea why the second Firefox does not correctly load the certificate-chain?

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• nginx start failing, says error.log doesn't exist

  - by sososo

  I structured my sites like: /home/www/domain.com/public,private, log, backup In the log folder, I created a blank error.log and access.log. My nginx file in sites-available for the domain looks like: server { access_log /home/www/domain1.com/log/access.log; error_log /home/www/domain1.com/log/error.log; } Trying to start nginx it says: starting nginx: the config file /etc/nginx/nginx/conf syntax is ok [emrg] open() ".../access.log" failed (2: no such file or directory) Is this a permission issue?

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• nginx start failing, says error.log doesn't exist

  - by Blankman

  I structured my sites like: /home/www/domain.com/public,private, log, backup In the log folder, I created a blank error.log and access.log. My nginx file in sites-available for the domain looks like: server { access_log /home/www/domain1.com/log/access.log; error_log /home/www/domain1.com/log/error.log; } Trying to start nginx it says: starting nginx: the config file /etc/nginx/nginx/conf syntax is ok [emrg] open() ".../access.log" failed (2: no such file or directory) Is this a permission issue?

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• Access denied to mysql cause by invalid server hostname bind address

  - by Mark

  I cannot login to mysql using the terminal. [root@fst mysql]# mysql -h localhost -u admin -p Enter password: ERROR 1045 (28000): Access denied for user 'admin'@'localhost' (using password: YES) I am sure I have the correct password. The mysql is also running when I check status. The mysql database is also present in the directory /var/lib/mysql/. The host host.myi, host.myd and host.frm are present. By the way this a related to question on my previous problem MySQL server quit without updating PID file . Initially the problem arise when the root directory was full. To be able to login to directadmin and start mysql, I added a soft link of the /var/lib/mysql/ to /home/mysql. Since my database used up the most of the root directory. The root directory has 50Gb and /home has 1.5Gb. Somehow the /var/lib/mysql/idbdata1 is corrupted. So I move it to another location. Now, I can start the mysql server but I cannot login into it. Below are the contents from the myql logs. 121212 20:44:10 mysqld_safe mysqld from pid file /var/lib/mysql/fst.srv.net.pid ended 121212 20:44:10 mysqld_safe Starting mysqld daemon with databases from /var/lib/mysql 121212 20:44:10 [Note] Plugin 'FEDERATED' is disabled. 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: The InnoDB memory heap is disabled 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Mutexes and rw_locks use GCC atomic builtins 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Compressed tables use zlib 1.2.3 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Using Linux native AIO 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Initializing buffer pool, size = 128.0M 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: Completed initialization of buffer pool 121212 20:44:10 InnoDB: highest supported file format is Barracuda. 121212 20:44:11 InnoDB: Waiting for the background threads to start 121212 20:44:12 InnoDB: 1.1.8 started; log sequence number 1595675 121212 20:44:12 [Note] Server hostname (bind-address): '0.0.0.0'; port: 3306 121212 20:44:12 [Note] - '0.0.0.0' resolves to '0.0.0.0'; 121212 20:44:12 [Note] Server socket created on IP: '0.0.0.0'. 121212 20:44:12 [Note] Event Scheduler: Loaded 0 events 121212 20:44:12 [Note] /usr/sbin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '5.5.27-log' socket: '/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL) I guess there is something wrong with the bind address. How should I fix the problem?

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• CakePhp on IIS: How can I Edit URL Rewrite module for SSL Redirects

  - by AdrianB

  I've not dealt much with IIS rewrites, but I was able to import (and edit) the rewrites found throughout the cake structure (.htaccess files). I'll explain my configuration a little, then get to the meat of the problem. So my Cake php framework is working well and made possible by the url rewrite module 2.0 which I have successfully installed and configured for the site. The way cake is set up, the webroot folder (for cake, not iis) is set as the default folder for the site and exists inside the following hierarchy inetpub -wwwroot --cakePhp root ---application ----models ----views ----controllers ----WEBROOT // *** HERE *** ---cake core --SomeOtherSite Folder For this implementation, the url rewrite module uses the following rules (from the web.config file) ... <rewrite> <rules> <rule name="Imported Rule 1" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="^(.*)$" ignoreCase="false" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll"> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" /> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" /> </conditions> <action type="Rewrite" url="index.php?url={R:1}" appendQueryString="true" /> </rule> <rule name="Imported Rule 2" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="^$" ignoreCase="false" /> <action type="Rewrite" url="/" /> </rule> <rule name="Imported Rule 3" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="(.*)" ignoreCase="false" /> <action type="Rewrite" url="/{R:1}" /> </rule> <rule name="Imported Rule 4" stopProcessing="true"> <match url="^(.*)$" ignoreCase="false" /> <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll"> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" /> <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" /> </conditions> <action type="Rewrite" url="index.php?url={R:1}" appendQueryString="true" /> </rule> </rules> </rewrite> I've Installed my SSL certificate and created a site binding so that if i use the https:// protocol, everything is working fine within the site. I fear that attempts I have made at creating a rewrite are too far off base to understand results. The rules need to switch protocol without affecting the current set of rules which pass along url components to index.php (which is cake's entry point). My goal is this- Create a couple of rewrite rules that will [#1] redirect all user pages (in this general form http://domain.com/users/page/param/param/?querystring=value ) to use SSL and then [#2} direct all other https requests to use http (is this is even necessary?). [e.g. http://domain.com/users/login , http://domain.com/users/profile/uid:12345 , http://domain.com/users/payments?firsttime=true] ] to all use SSL [e.g. https://domain.com/users/login , https://domain.com/users/profile/uid:12345 , https://domain.com/users/payments?firsttime=true] ] Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• Apache redirect from one domain to another domain

  - by cpuguru

  Like many users, we tend to register the *.com and *.net versions of our domain names to prevent nefarious squatters. So if we wanted "foo.com" we'd also register "foo.net" and have them both resolve to the same IP address. Trying to set up Apache for the first time and need to know the proper way to redirect requests to "foo.net" to go to "foo.com" instead so that if a user types in "foo.net" they get magically redirected to "foo.com". I've been reading through the Apache URL Rewriting guide (http://httpd.apache.org/docs/1.3/misc/rewriteguide.html) and it's not readily apparent how to do this seemingly simple task. Please advise this apprentice oh wise Apache jedi...

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• URL Redirection in Multisite wordpress

  - by Toqeer

  We have multi-site wordpress containing more then 50 blogs/sub-site. Our base URL to wordpress site is www.example.com/base-site/ and we have other sub-sites in it like www.example.com/base-site/site1 site2 ... etc. Now My question is to redirect the main-site to one of the subsites but a simple redirect 301 is not working. I tried some solutions of mod-rewrite but its not working either for this main-site to redirect to sub-site. A solution is required to Redirect www.example.com/base-site/ to www.example.com/base-site/site1 Solution used so far but not working for me solution1 solution2

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• Redirect absolutely anything to new domain with .htaccess

  - by John Hunt

  Ok, so I'm in need a simple redirect: Redirect 301 / http://www.new.com/ Similar to that, except I want it to catch anything, such as: www.old.com/blah/blah/?xyz=123&aaaaabbbb=erewr3ttt#ewtjhirhjerh and send the user to: www.new.com Should be easy right? Finding out how to do this is not so easy. Using the above rule we're still getting 404's for things that aren't there rather than the Redirect rule just getting everything.

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• ubuntu mail server settings and /etc/hosts file

  - by mbrc

  This is my /etc/hosts file 127.0.0.1 localhost.localdomain localhost 127.0.1.1 ubuntu-server.xx.com ubuntu-server 193.77.xx.xx mail.xx.com mail # The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts ::1 ip6-localhost ip6-loopback fe00::0 ip6-localnet ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ip6-allnodes ff02::2 ip6-allrouters is this correct configuration for my mail server. I am behind router so i don't know if is ok to use my IP for mail.xx.com and 127.0.0.1 for localhost problem is that i can receive mail but when i send it i get Oct 17 21:29:32 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: SASL authentication failure: Password verification failed Oct 17 21:29:32 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: my.router[192.168.1.1]: SASL PLAIN authentication failed: authentication failure Oct 17 21:29:34 ubuntu-server postfix/smtpd[2453]: warning: my.router[192.168.1.1]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: authentication failure EDIT: mabye is problem some port. i foward this ports. POP3 - port 110 IMAP - port 143 SMTP - port 25 HTTP - port 80 Secure SMTP (SSMTP) - port 465 Secure IMAP (IMAP4-SSL) - port 585 StartTLS - port 587 IMAP4 over SSL (IMAPS) - port 993 Secure POP3 (SSL-POP) - port 995 postconf -n alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases append_dot_mydomain = no biff = no broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes config_directory = /etc/postfix content_filter = amavis:[127.0.0.1]:10024 delay_warning_time = 4h disable_vrfy_command = yes inet_interfaces = all inet_protocols = all mailbox_size_limit = 0 maximal_backoff_time = 8000s maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d message_size_limit = 0 minimal_backoff_time = 1000s mydestination = myhostname = mail.xx.com mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mynetworks_style = host myorigin = /etc/mailname readme_directory = no receive_override_options = no_address_mappings recipient_delimiter = + relayhost = smtp_helo_timeout = 60s smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes smtpd_sasl_local_domain = smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/ssl/private/mail.xx.com.crt smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/ssl/private/mail.xx.com.key smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtpd_use_tls = yes unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/alias.cf virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/domain.cf virtual_mailbox_limit = 0 virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/maps/user.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 saslfinger -c version: 1.0.4ostfix Cyrus sasl configuration Ä mode: client-side SMTP AUTH -- basics -- Postfix: 2.9.3 System: Ubuntu 12.04.1 LTS \n \l -- smtp is linked to -- libsasl2.so.2 => /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libsasl2.so.2 (0x00d3a000) -- active SMTP AUTH and TLS parameters for smtp -- relayhost = smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache smtp_use_tls = yes -- listing of /usr/lib/sasl2 -- total 28 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 okt 14 15:18 . drwxr-xr-x 72 root root 12288 okt 14 15:03 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 1 maj 4 06:17 berkeley_db.txt -rw-r----- 1 root root 701 okt 14 15:18 saslpasswd.conf -rw-r----- 1 smmta smmsp 885 okt 14 15:18 Sendmail.conf -- listing of /etc/postfix/sasl -- total 12 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 okt 11 18:55 . drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 okt 12 06:59 .. -rwx------ 1 root root 241 okt 11 18:55 smtpd.conf Cannot find the smtp_sasl_password_maps parameter in main.cf. Client-side SMTP AUTH cannot work without this parameter!

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• Apache 2.4 Prefork vs. PHP-FPM Event shows sig decrease in requests per second

  - by Mark

  On my Apache 2.4.2 server with a standard mod_php Prefork setup these are my server-status results Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:36:24 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 01:27:30 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 18 hours 8 minutes 54 seconds Total accesses: 14304233 - Total Traffic: 342.3 GB CPU Usage: u12584.6 s721.93 cu.66 cs3.43 - 20.4% CPU load 219 requests/sec - 5.4 MB/second - 25.1 kB/request 507 requests currently being processed, 355 idle workers ______KKKKR_K______W_KKC___CKK_K_K_W__CC_KKK_KK._K_K_KK._KKKK_K_ K_____KK_KKKK_K_KK__K___KK_K___K_____CKKK_WK_K_____KCKK__K___K_K K_CK_K_K_____K__KKKK_K__K___K_KK_K_K_KKKCK____________KK_CK__KKK __C_KKKKKKK___CK___C_KKK_K__C__K_CK____KKK__K__K__K_K__KK_CK_K__ _KKKKK_K_W__KK______K___K__W___C_K__K____KKKKKKKK.KKKKKKKCK_K___ _C_KK_K_WK__K_KK__K__RK_KK___K____K_KK_K_K___RKC_KKKK___KKKC_K_W _C_KK_KK__W____KC__KKK__KKK___K___KKK_KK_K_KKW__K_KR_KK_KK__KKK_ R__KKK__KKKKKK__K_KKKKK_K__K_K___KKW_________KK_K___KKK___KK.K_C KKKKKKW_____K__K_KKC_KCKK_K_KK_K__KK__K___K__KK_KK__________KK__ __K___KK_K__K_C_KK_K___KK__KK__K__KCK_K__KK_________K_K_KK__.K__ K_CKK.CCRW__KKKKKKKKKKKC__W____K___KWK_KK_KKC______.K_K_KK_KKKC_ __KKK_W_KCKKK_K_K____CCCK__KC_KKKK_K____K_CK_K____K__K____KKK_KK KK___K_K_K__KW__KCKKKK____WKWK__K_KKRKK__C_K_KK_KK_K__KKCC_K__C_ KK_K___K_KK______K_____CKK_K_______KK_CKCK__KKKKK____K__K..K____ __KKWK_KW__KKK__K_KKK___K_KK_KKK__KK___KK___KK_KK___KK____KKWKKC KK_KKKK_................................` When I switch to a PHP-FPM setup with the Event MPM with no other variables changes, my requests/sec plummet and overall apache response is garbage. Current Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:51:21 CDT Restart Time: Wednesday, 24-Oct-2012 19:48:03 CDT Parent Server Config. Generation: 1 Parent Server MPM Generation: 0 Server uptime: 3 minutes 18 seconds Total accesses: 18720 - Total Traffic: 307.1 MB CPU Usage: u16.57 s4.74 cu0 cs0 - 10.8% CPU load 94.5 requests/sec - 1.6 MB/second - 16.8 kB/request 15 requests currently being processed, 49 idle workers PID Connections Threads Async connections total accepting busy idle writing keep-alive closing 11701 114 no 10 22 0 66 38 11702 134 no 5 27 0 81 48 Sum 248 15 49 0 147 86 __R_R__W___RRW________RR__R___W_W_______W_____W_____________R_R_ Is there any obvious reason anyone could think of why this would be the case. I can provide any other additional stats or server setup info to help out. Ive tried tweaking everything up and down and nothing really helps get the PHP-FPM setup anywhere near a baseic prefork/mod-php setup. Thanks!

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• exim4 to relay emails

  - by Matthieu

  I have exim4 installed on a Linux box. The basics work fine and I can send email from that machine without any problem to whatever email address. I also have a printer/scanner which is capable to send scans as emails. It needs an SMTP gateway to be able to do that. So I give the IP address of that Linux box, changed the configuration a little bit but still cannot get it to work. After I run dpkg-reconfigure exim4-config, here is what I get in /etc/exim4/update-exim4.conf.conf : dc_eximconfig_configtype='internet' dc_other_hostnames='' dc_local_interfaces='127.0.0.1;192.168.2.2' dc_readhost='' dc_relay_domains='mycompanyemail.com' dc_minimaldns='false' dc_relay_nets='192.168.2.0/24' dc_smarthost='' CFILEMODE='644' dc_use_split_config='false' dc_hide_mailname='' dc_mailname_in_oh='true' dc_localdelivery='mail_spool' My problem is that with this configuration, I can only send to emails @mycompanyemail.com... It says I can use wildcard, but when I do that, the '*' is replaced by whatever filename is in the directory where I run all that. How can I configure it to be able to send emails with any domain ? Or am I doing it wrong ? EDIT : here is the part of the log that's causing trouble : 2011-08-03 16:28:18 H=(NPI2D389C) [192.168.2.20] F=<[email protected]> rejected RCPT <[email protected]>: relay not permitted The first part ([email protected]) does not matter. I changed the email address. The point is that if this email is @mycompanyemail.com then everything works fine. Anything else does not work. I could add gmail.com, but I am looking to have any domain working...

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• Can you change the name of a flash drive on the boot menu?

  - by Mark Kramer

  I have two Staples brand Flash Drives. They work fine and they boot okay, but they have the same name on the boot menu, so when I have them both in the computer, I can't tell which one is the one I want to boot into. One has Ubuntu on it, the other BackTrack 5. However, the name of those drives show up different on different BIOS. What parameters affect what name shows up for a boot device and how

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• Sender's Sendmail says "stat=Sent" but recipent doesn't receive the message

  - by user44774

  Guys, I am trying to figure out why sendmail is saying that it sends out an email but I actually never get it. This is from the logs when the email is being sent out: I have replaced the email address with some fake address and I have also replaced the name of the server with a fake hostname. The most significant point of this information from the logs is that it shows that the "Message was accepted for delivery". Do you guys have any suggestions as to why it seems like the message goes out but I never get the actual email? Jun 2 14:34:40 server sendmail[9668]: o52IYeSi009668: --- 250 2.0.0 o52IYeSi009668 Message accepted for delivery Jun 2 14:34:40 server sendmail[9667]: o52IYe9I009667: to=someone@someone.com, ctladdr=rick (500/500), delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=relay, pri=30058, relay=[127.0.0.1] [127.0.0.1], dsn=2.0.0, stat=Sent (o52IYeSi009668 Message accepted for delivery) Jun 2 14:34:40 server sendmail[9668]: o52IYeSj009668: <-- QUIT Jun 2 14:34:40 server sendmail[9668]: o52IYeSj009668: --- 221 2.0.0 server.server.com closing connection Jun 2 14:34:41 server sendmail[9670]: o52IYeSi009668: SMTP outgoing connect on [192.168.1.9] Jun 2 14:34:41 server sendmail[9670]: o52IYeSi009668: to=<[email protected]>, ctladdr=<[email protected]> (500/500), delay=00:00:01, xdelay=00:00:01, mailer=relay, pri=120368, relay=mailhost.worldnet.att.net. [207.115.11.17], dsn=5.1.1, stat=User unknown Jun 2 14:34:42 server sendmail[9670]: o52IYeSi009668: o52IYgSi009670: DSN: User unknown Jun 2 14:34:42 server sendmail[9670]: o52IYgSi009670: to=<[email protected]>, **delay=00:00:00, xdelay=00:00:00, mailer=local, pri=31625, dsn=2.0.0,** ***stat=Sent*****

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• Data recovery on a corrupted 3TB disk

  - by Mark K Cowan

  Short version I probably need software to run a deep-scan recovery (ideally on Linux) to find files on NTFS filesystem. The file data is intact, but the references are no longer present. Analogous to recovering data from a "quick-formatted" partition. Hopefully there is a smarter way available than deep-scan, one which would recover filenames and possibly paths. Long version I have a 3TB disk containing a load of backups. Windows 7 SP1 refused to detect the disk when plugged in directly via SATA, so I put it on a USB/SATA adaptor which seemed to work at first. The SATA/USB adaptor probably does not support disks over 2.2TB though. Windows first asked me if I wanted to 'format' the disk, then later showed me most of the contents but some folder were inaccessible. I stupidly decided to run a CHKDSK on my backup disk, which made the folders accessible but also left them empty. I connected this disk via SATA to my main PC (Arch Linux). I tried: testdisk ntfsundelete ntfsfix --no-action (to look for diagnostically relevant faults, disk was "OK" though) to no avail as the files references in the tables had presumably been zeroed out by CHKDSK, rather than using a typical journal'd deletion). If it is useful at all, a majority of the files that I want to recover are JPEG, Photoshop PSD, and MPEG-3/MPEG-4/AVI/MKV files. If worst comes to worst, I'll just design my own sector scanner and use some simple heuristic-driven analysis to recover raw binary blocks of data from the disk which appears to match the structures of the above file types. I am unfamiliar with the exact workings of NTFS but used to be proficient at recovering FAT32 systems with just a hex-editor, so I can provide any useful diagnostic information if you let me know how to find it! My priorities in ascending order of importance for choosing the accepted answer: Restores directory structure Recovers many filenames in addition to the file data Is free / very cheap Runs on Linux Recovers a majority of file data The last point is the most important, but the more of the higher points you match the more rep you'll probably get :)

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• Apache + Codeigniter + New Server + Unexpected Errors

  - by ngl5000

  Alright here is the situation: I use to have my codeigniter site at bluehost were I did not have root access, I have since moved that site to rackspace. I have not changed any of the PHP code yet there has been some unexpected behavior. Unexpected Behavior: http://mysite.com/robots.txt Both old and new resolve to the robots file http://mysite.com/robots.txt/ The old bluehost setup resolves to my codeigniter 404 error page. The rackspace config resolves to: Not Found The requested URL /robots.txt/ was not found on this server. **This instance leads me to believe that there could be a problem with my mod rewrites or lack there of. The first one produces the error correctly through php while it seems the second senario lets the server handle this error. The next instance of this problem is even more troubling: 'http://mysite.com/search/term/9 x 1-1%2F2 white/' New site results in: Bad Request Your browser sent a request that this server could not understand. Old site results in: The actual page being loaded and the search term being unencoded. I have to assume that this has something to do with the fact that when I went to the new server I went from root level htaccess file to httpd.conf file and virtual server default and default-ssl. Here they are: Default file: <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ServerName mysite.com DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options +FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www> Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks -MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / # force no www. (also does the IP thing) RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !=on RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} !^mysite\.com [NC] RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://mysite.com/$1 [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L] # index.php remove any index.php parts RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /index\.(php|html) RewriteRule (.*)index\.(php|html)(.*)$ /$1$3 [r=301,L] # codeigniter direct RewriteCond $0 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [L] </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> </VirtualHost> Default-ssl File <IfModule mod_ssl.c> <VirtualHost _default_:443> ServerAdmin webmaster@localhost ServerName mysite.com DocumentRoot /var/www <Directory /> Options +FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None </Directory> <Directory /var/www> Options -Indexes +FollowSymLinks -MultiViews AllowOverride None Order allow,deny allow from all RewriteEngine On RewriteBase / RewriteCond %{SERVER_PORT} !^443 RewriteRule ^ https://mysite.com%{REQUEST_URI} [R=301,L] RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d RewriteRule ^(.+)\.(\d+)\.(js|css|png|jpg|gif)$ $1.$3 [L] # index.php remove any index.php parts RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /index\.(php|html) RewriteRule (.*)index\.(php|html)(.*)$ /$1$3 [r=301,L] # codeigniter direct RewriteCond $0 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^.*$ index.php [L] </Directory> ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/ <Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin"> AllowOverride None Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log # Possible values include: debug, info, notice, warn, error, crit, # alert, emerg. LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/ssl_access.log combined Alias /doc/ "/usr/share/doc/" <Directory "/usr/share/doc/"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order deny,allow Deny from all Allow from 127.0.0.0/255.0.0.0 ::1/128 </Directory> # SSL Engine Switch: # Enable/Disable SSL for this virtual host. SSLEngine on # Use our self-signed certificate by default SSLCertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl/certs/www.mysite.com.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/apache2/ssl/private/www.mysite.com.key # A self-signed (snakeoil) certificate can be created by installing # the ssl-cert package. See # /usr/share/doc/apache2.2-common/README.Debian.gz for more info. # If both key and certificate are stored in the same file, only the # SSLCertificateFile directive is needed. # SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem # SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key # Server Certificate Chain: # Point SSLCertificateChainFile at a file containing the # concatenation of PEM encoded CA certificates which form the # certificate chain for the server certificate. Alternatively # the referenced file can be the same as SSLCertificateFile # when the CA certificates are directly appended to the server # certificate for convinience. #SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/server-ca.crt # Certificate Authority (CA): # Set the CA certificate verification path where to find CA # certificates for client authentication or alternatively one # huge file containing all of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCACertificatePath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCACertificatePath /etc/ssl/certs/ #SSLCACertificateFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/ca-bundle.crt # Certificate Revocation Lists (CRL): # Set the CA revocation path where to find CA CRLs for client # authentication or alternatively one huge file containing all # of them (file must be PEM encoded) # Note: Inside SSLCARevocationPath you need hash symlinks # to point to the certificate files. Use the provided # Makefile to update the hash symlinks after changes. #SSLCARevocationPath /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ #SSLCARevocationFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crl/ca-bundle.crl # Client Authentication (Type): # Client certificate verification type and depth. Types are # none, optional, require and optional_no_ca. Depth is a # number which specifies how deeply to verify the certificate # issuer chain before deciding the certificate is not valid. #SSLVerifyClient require #SSLVerifyDepth 10 # Access Control: # With SSLRequire you can do per-directory access control based # on arbitrary complex boolean expressions containing server # variable checks and other lookup directives. The syntax is a # mixture between C and Perl. See the mod_ssl documentation # for more details. #<Location /> #SSLRequire ( %{SSL_CIPHER} !~ m/^(EXP|NULL)/ \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_O} eq "Snake Oil, Ltd." \ # and %{SSL_CLIENT_S_DN_OU} in {"Staff", "CA", "Dev"} \ # and %{TIME_WDAY} >= 1 and %{TIME_WDAY} <= 5 \ # and %{TIME_HOUR} >= 8 and %{TIME_HOUR} <= 20 ) \ # or %{REMOTE_ADDR} =~ m/^192\.76\.162\.[0-9]+$/ #</Location> # SSL Engine Options: # Set various options for the SSL engine. # o FakeBasicAuth: # Translate the client X.509 into a Basic Authorisation. This means that # the standard Auth/DBMAuth methods can be used for access control. The # user name is the `one line' version of the client's X.509 certificate. # Note that no password is obtained from the user. Every entry in the user # file needs this password: `xxj31ZMTZzkVA'. # o ExportCertData: # This exports two additional environment variables: SSL_CLIENT_CERT and # SSL_SERVER_CERT. These contain the PEM-encoded certificates of the # server (always existing) and the client (only existing when client # authentication is used). This can be used to import the certificates # into CGI scripts. # o StdEnvVars: # This exports the standard SSL/TLS related `SSL_*' environment variables. # Per default this exportation is switched off for performance reasons, # because the extraction step is an expensive operation and is usually # useless for serving static content. So one usually enables the # exportation for CGI and SSI requests only. # o StrictRequire: # This denies access when "SSLRequireSSL" or "SSLRequire" applied even # under a "Satisfy any" situation, i.e. when it applies access is denied # and no other module can change it. # o OptRenegotiate: # This enables optimized SSL connection renegotiation handling when SSL # directives are used in per-directory context. #SSLOptions +FakeBasicAuth +ExportCertData +StrictRequire <FilesMatch "\.(cgi|shtml|phtml|php)$"> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </FilesMatch> <Directory /usr/lib/cgi-bin> SSLOptions +StdEnvVars </Directory> # SSL Protocol Adjustments: # The safe and default but still SSL/TLS standard compliant shutdown # approach is that mod_ssl sends the close notify alert but doesn't wait for # the close notify alert from client. When you need a different shutdown # approach you can use one of the following variables: # o ssl-unclean-shutdown: # This forces an unclean shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. no # SSL close notify alert is send or allowed to received. This violates # the SSL/TLS standard but is needed for some brain-dead browsers. Use # this when you receive I/O errors because of the standard approach where # mod_ssl sends the close notify alert. # o ssl-accurate-shutdown: # This forces an accurate shutdown when the connection is closed, i.e. a # SSL close notify alert is send and mod_ssl waits for the close notify # alert of the client. This is 100% SSL/TLS standard compliant, but in # practice often causes hanging connections with brain-dead browsers. Use # this only for browsers where you know that their SSL implementation # works correctly. # Notice: Most problems of broken clients are also related to the HTTP # keep-alive facility, so you usually additionally want to disable # keep-alive for those clients, too. Use variable "nokeepalive" for this. # Similarly, one has to force some clients to use HTTP/1.0 to workaround # their broken HTTP/1.1 implementation. Use variables "downgrade-1.0" and # "force-response-1.0" for this. BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-6]" \ nokeepalive ssl-unclean-shutdown \ downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 # MSIE 7 and newer should be able to use keepalive BrowserMatch "MSIE [17-9]" ssl-unclean-shutdown httpd.conf File Just a lot of stuff from html5 boiler plate, I will post it if need be Old htaccess file <IfModule mod_rewrite.c> # index.php remove any index.php parts RewriteCond %{THE_REQUEST} /index\.(php|html) RewriteRule (.*)index\.(php|html)(.*)$ /$1$3 [r=301,L] RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^(.*)/$ /$1 [r=301,L] # codeigniter direct RewriteCond $1 !^(index\.php|assets|robots\.txt|sitemap\.xml|favicon\.ico) RewriteRule ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 [L] </IfModule> Any Help would be hugely appreciated!!

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• Is dual-booting an OS more or less secure than running a virtual machine?

  - by Mark

  I run two operating systems on two separate disk partitions on the same physical machine (a modern MacBook Pro). In order to isolate them from each other, I've taken the following steps: Configured /etc/fstab with ro,noauto (read-only, no auto-mount) Fully encrypted each partition with a separate encryption key (committed to memory) Let's assume that a virus infects my first partition unbeknownst to me. I log out of the first partition (which encrypts the volume), and then turn off the machine to clear the RAM. I then un-encrypt and boot into the second partition. Can I be reasonably confident that the virus has not / cannot infect both partitions, or am I playing with fire here? I realize that MBPs don't ship with a TPM, so a boot-loader infection going unnoticed is still a theoretical possibility. However, this risk seems about equal to the risk of the VMWare/VirtualBox Hypervisor being exploited when running a guest OS, especially since the MBP line uses UEFI instead of BIOS. This leads to my question: is the dual-partitioning approach outlined above more or less secure than using a Virtual Machine for isolation of services? Would that change if my computer had a TPM installed? Background: Note that I am of course taking all the usual additional precautions, such as checking for OS software updates daily, not logging in as an Admin user unless absolutely necessary, running real-time antivirus programs on both partitions, running a host-based firewall, monitoring outgoing network connections, etc. My question is really a public check to see if I'm overlooking anything here and try to figure out if my dual-boot scheme actually is more secure than the Virtual Machine route. Most importantly, I'm just looking to learn more about security issues. EDIT #1: As pointed out in the comments, the scenario is a bit on the paranoid side for my particular use-case. But think about people who may be in corporate or government settings and are considering using a Virtual Machine to run services or applications that are considered "high risk". Are they better off using a VM or a dual-boot scenario as I outlined? An answer that effectively weighs any pros/cons to that trade-off is what I'm really looking for in an answer to this post. EDIT #2: This question was partially fueled by debate about whether a Virtual Machine actually protects a host OS at all. Personally, I think it does, but consider this quote from Theo de Raadt on the OpenBSD mailing list: x86 virtualization is about basically placing another nearly full kernel, full of new bugs, on top of a nasty x86 architecture which barely has correct page protection. Then running your operating system on the other side of this brand new pile of shit. You are absolutely deluded, if not stupid, if you think that a worldwide collection of software engineers who can't write operating systems or applications without security holes, can then turn around and suddenly write virtualization layers without security holes. -http://kerneltrap.org/OpenBSD/Virtualization_Security By quoting Theo's argument, I'm not endorsing it. I'm simply pointing out that there are multiple perspectives here, so I'm trying to find out more about the issue.

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• set virtual host on Apache2.2 and PHP 5.3

  - by Avinash

  Hi I want to set my Virtual host on Apache 2.2. So, I can access my site using my IP address and Port number. Like http://192.168.101.111:429 for one site, http://192.168.101.111:420 for other site and so on. My machine OS in Windows 7. I have tried below in my httpd.conf file. Listen 192.168.101.83:82 #chaffoteaux <Directory "Path to project folder"> AllowOverride All </Directory> <VirtualHost 192.168.101.83:82> ServerAdmin [email protected].com DirectoryIndex index.html index.htm index.php index.html.var DocumentRoot "Path to project folder" #ServerName dummy-host.example.com ErrorLog logs/Zara.log #ErrorLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-error_log #CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common </VirtualHost> Can you please suggest any thing missing in my configuration. Thanks in advance Avinash

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• Godaddy domain and Bluehost web hosting

  - by Digital site

  I have a domain from Godaddy and web hosting at Bluehost. I want to make this work as some people say no need to transfer the domain from Godaddy to Bluehost. I was trying to find out how to get this work out by adding name servers for Bluehost ns1.bluehost.com ns2.bluehost.com at Godaddy. This works fine, but not sure if 100% OK yet. The reason why I say that is when I type in my address name on any browser this way: mydomain.com it doesn't work. Instead I get an error message stating that this server is not found or couldn't connect to it... However, when I write the domain name and include the www. prefix it works fine... The other problem is when I search in google or yahoo, the domain shows like this: mydomain.com , which is not really good because my clients think my site is down because of the error message, and most new people don't know if they have to add www. to the domain to work. I just want to make at least the domain works like this: mydomain.com

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• puppetca never returns anything

  - by mrisher

  Hi: I'm trying to configure Puppet on Ubuntu, and strangely I am never able to generate a certificate because my server never shows any pending certificate requests. Put differently, on the server I am running puppetmasterd and on the client I am able to connect to the server, but the client continues printing notice: Did not receive certificate warning: peer certificate won't be verified in this SSL session and yet the server never sees the request mrisher@lab2$ puppetca --list [nothing shows up] mrisher@lab2$ puppetca --sign clientname.domain.com clientname.domain.com err: Could not call sign: Could not find certificate request for clientname.domain.com Edit: There was a suggestion that autosign was happening, but that does not seem to be it. There is no autosign.conf file, and when I run puppetmasterd --no-daemonize -d -v I receive the following output: info: Could not find certificate for 'clientname.domain.com' every time the client says notice: Did not receive certificate I checked the certs on the server and there don't seem to be any: mrisher@lab2:~$ puppetca --list --all mrisher@lab2:~$ sudo puppetca --list --all + lab2.domain.com // this is the server (master) mrisher@lab2:~$ sudo puppetca --list [blank line] mrisher@lab2:~$ Note: This is mostly running the default install from Ubuntu, if that gives any leads. Thanks for any help out there.

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• Amazon EC2 SSH Failed to connect "Bad File Number"

  - by Mark McCook

  This is the command I am told to use by clicking connect in the control panel "ssh -i private_key.pem root@instancePublicDNS" Well that one failed so I wanted to know what happen so I ran "ssh -vvv private_key.pem root@instancePublicDNS" OpenSSH_4.6p1, OpenSSL 0.9.8e 23 Feb 2007 debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to private_key.pem [...] port 22. debug1: connect to address ... port 22: Attempt to connect timed out without establishing a connection ssh: connect to host private_key.pem port 22: Bad file number Any Ideas? I have searched for the answer on google and serverfault, I found a few possible solutions that did not work. info about the instance AMI-ID : ami-688c7801 ( ubuntu 10.10 Server )

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• A separate user for each task?

  - by Mark Tomlin

  I just got a VPS sver the other day, I'm new to server administration, but not that new to Ubuntu (11.04). I use it in my living room as the HTPC, and I had a previous VPS that I used on and off for a team speak server. This one I'm setting up for long term use. So I would like to know the best practice when it comes to websites and tasks that I have the server proforming. I understand that it could be beneficial to separate each website into it's own usergroup or under its own username. I would setup nginx so that it could read all of the users directors (and thus each website) but could not touch anything else. The same with the TeamSpeak, should I make a user for TeamSpeak so that it operates within its own confined area or is this overkill? I do have access to root on the sever and my current plan is to run about 4 websites and a TeamSpeak server. My stack is Linux (Ubuntu 11.04 LTS), nginx, and PHP 5.4.3 (using the PDO SQLite 3 built in driver for the database). Should PHP have it's own user group or is it ok to place it in with nginx?

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