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• Mysql performance problem & Failed DIMM

  - by murdoch

  Hi I have a dedicated mysql database server which has been having some performance problems recently, under normal load the server will be running fine, then suddenly out of the blue the performance will fall off a cliff. The server isn't using the swap file and there is 12GB of RAM in the server, more than enough for its needs. After contacting my hosting comapnies support they have discovered that there is a failed 2GB DIMM in the server and have scheduled to replace it tomorow morning. My question is could a failed DIMM result in the performance problems I am seeing or is this just coincidence? My worry is that they will replace the ram tomorrow but the problems will persist and I will still be lost of explanations so I am just trying to think ahead. The reason I ask is that there is plenty of RAM in the server, more than required and simply missing 2GB should be a problem, so if this failed DIMM is causing these performance problems then the OS must be trying to access the failed DIMM and slowing down as a result. Does that sound like a credible explanation? This is what DELLs omreport program says about the RAM, notice one dimm is "Critical" Memory Information Health : Critical Memory Operating Mode Fail Over State : Inactive Memory Operating Mode Configuration : Optimizer Attributes of Memory Array(s) Attributes : Location Memory Array 1 : System Board or Motherboard Attributes : Use Memory Array 1 : System Memory Attributes : Installed Capacity Memory Array 1 : 12288 MB Attributes : Maximum Capacity Memory Array 1 : 196608 MB Attributes : Slots Available Memory Array 1 : 18 Attributes : Slots Used Memory Array 1 : 6 Attributes : ECC Type Memory Array 1 : Multibit ECC Total of Memory Array(s) Attributes : Total Installed Capacity Value : 12288 MB Attributes : Total Installed Capacity Available to the OS Value : 12004 MB Attributes : Total Maximum Capacity Value : 196608 MB Details of Memory Array 1 Index : 0 Status : Ok Connector Name : DIMM_A1 Type : DDR3-Registered Size : 2048 MB Index : 1 Status : Ok Connector Name : DIMM_A2 Type : DDR3-Registered Size : 2048 MB Index : 2 Status : Ok Connector Name : DIMM_A3 Type : DDR3-Registered Size : 2048 MB Index : 3 Status : Critical Connector Name : DIMM_B1 Type : DDR3-Registered Size : 2048 MB Index : 4 Status : Ok Connector Name : DIMM_B2 Type : DDR3-Registered Size : 2048 MB Index : 5 Status : Ok Connector Name : DIMM_B3 Type : DDR3-Registered Size : 2048 MB the command free -m shows this, the server seems to be using more than 10GB of ram which would suggest it is trying to use the DIMM total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 12004 10766 1238 0 384 4809 -/+ buffers/cache: 5572 6432 Swap: 2047 0 2047 iostat output while problem is occuring avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 52.82 0.00 11.01 0.00 0.00 36.17 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 47.00 0.00 576.00 0 576 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 1.00 0.00 32.00 0 32 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 46.00 0.00 544.00 0 544 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 53.12 0.00 7.81 0.00 0.00 39.06 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 49.00 0.00 592.00 0 592 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 49.00 0.00 592.00 0 592 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 56.09 0.00 7.43 0.37 0.00 36.10 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 232.00 0.00 64520.00 0 64520 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 159.00 0.00 63728.00 0 63728 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 73.00 0.00 792.00 0 792 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 52.18 0.00 9.24 0.06 0.00 38.51 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 49.00 0.00 600.00 0 600 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 49.00 0.00 600.00 0 600 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 54.82 0.00 8.64 0.00 0.00 36.55 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 100.00 0.00 2168.00 0 2168 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 100.00 0.00 2168.00 0 2168 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 54.78 0.00 6.75 0.00 0.00 38.48 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 84.00 0.00 896.00 0 896 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 84.00 0.00 896.00 0 896 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 54.34 0.00 7.31 0.00 0.00 38.35 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 81.00 0.00 840.00 0 840 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 81.00 0.00 840.00 0 840 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 55.18 0.00 5.81 0.44 0.00 38.58 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 317.00 0.00 105632.00 0 105632 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 224.00 0.00 104672.00 0 104672 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 93.00 0.00 960.00 0 960 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 55.38 0.00 7.63 0.00 0.00 36.98 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 74.00 0.00 800.00 0 800 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 74.00 0.00 800.00 0 800 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 56.43 0.00 7.80 0.00 0.00 35.77 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 72.00 0.00 784.00 0 784 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 72.00 0.00 784.00 0 784 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 54.87 0.00 6.49 0.00 0.00 38.64 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 80.20 0.00 855.45 0 864 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 80.20 0.00 855.45 0 864 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 57.22 0.00 5.69 0.00 0.00 37.09 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 33.00 0.00 432.00 0 432 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 33.00 0.00 432.00 0 432 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 56.03 0.00 7.93 0.00 0.00 36.04 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 41.00 0.00 560.00 0 560 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 2.00 0.00 88.00 0 88 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 39.00 0.00 472.00 0 472 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 55.78 0.00 5.13 0.00 0.00 39.09 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 29.00 0.00 392.00 0 392 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 29.00 0.00 392.00 0 392 avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 53.68 0.00 8.30 0.06 0.00 37.95 Device: tps Blk_read/s Blk_wrtn/s Blk_read Blk_wrtn sda 78.00 0.00 4280.00 0 4280 sda1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda4 0.00 0.00 0.00 0 0 sda5 78.00 0.00 4280.00 0 4280

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• Unable to sign in. How to debug?

  - by Dmitriy Budnik

  I had to reboot system with reset button. After reboot I can't sign in. When I enter my password It seems like X-server just restarts. I can sing in as guest and also I can sign in in text TTY. Here is first 150 lines of my lightdm.log: [+0.04s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/lightdm.log [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting Light Display Manager 1.2.1, UID=0 PID=1070 [+0.04s] DEBUG: Loaded configuration from /etc/lightdm/lightdm.conf [+0.04s] DEBUG: Using D-Bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager [+0.04s] DEBUG: Registered seat module xlocal [+0.04s] DEBUG: Registered seat module xremote [+0.04s] DEBUG: Adding default seat [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting seat [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting new display for automatic login as user dmytro [+0.04s] DEBUG: Starting local X display [+3.64s] DEBUG: X server :0 will replace Plymouth [+3.66s] DEBUG: Using VT 7 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log [+3.66s] DEBUG: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Launching X Server [+3.66s] DEBUG: Launching process 1154: /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch -background none [+3.66s] DEBUG: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0 [+3.66s] DEBUG: Acquired bus name org.freedesktop.DisplayManager [+3.66s] DEBUG: Registering seat with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Seat0 [+10.78s] DEBUG: Got signal 10 from process 1154 [+10.78s] DEBUG: Got signal from X server :0 [+10.78s] DEBUG: Stopping Plymouth, X server is ready [+10.80s] DEBUG: Connecting to XServer :0 [+10.80s] DEBUG: Automatically logging in user dmytro [+10.80s] DEBUG: Started session 1303 with service 'lightdm-autologin', username 'dmytro' [+13.22s] DEBUG: Session 1303 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+13.26s] DEBUG: Autologin user dmytro authorized [+13.27s] DEBUG: Autologin using session ubuntu [+14.44s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+14.48s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+14.49s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+14.49s] DEBUG: Writing /home/dmytro/.dmrc [+14.61s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+14.81s] DEBUG: Starting session ubuntu as user dmytro [+14.81s] DEBUG: Session 1303 running command /usr/sbin/lightdm-session gnome-session --session=ubuntu [+15.76s] DEBUG: New display ready, switching to it [+15.76s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+15.76s] DEBUG: Registering session with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session0 [+16.63s] DEBUG: Session 1303 exited with return value 0 [+16.63s] DEBUG: User session quit [+16.63s] DEBUG: Stopping display [+16.63s] DEBUG: Sending signal 15 to process 1154 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Process 1154 exited with return value 0 [+17.19s] DEBUG: X server stopped [+17.19s] DEBUG: Removing X server authority /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Releasing VT 7 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Display server stopped [+17.19s] DEBUG: Display stopped [+17.19s] DEBUG: Active display stopped, switching to greeter [+17.19s] DEBUG: Switching to greeter [+17.19s] DEBUG: Starting new display for greeter [+17.19s] DEBUG: Starting local X display [+17.19s] DEBUG: Using VT 7 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log [+17.19s] DEBUG: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+17.19s] DEBUG: Launching X Server [+17.19s] DEBUG: Launching process 1563: /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch [+17.19s] DEBUG: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Got signal 10 from process 1563 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Got signal from X server :0 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Connecting to XServer :0 [+17.48s] DEBUG: Starting greeter [+17.48s] DEBUG: Started session 1575 with service 'lightdm', username 'lightdm' [+17.61s] DEBUG: Session 1575 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+17.61s] DEBUG: Greeter authorized [+17.61s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log [+17.68s] DEBUG: Session 1575 running command /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-greeter-session /usr/sbin/unity-greeter [+20.86s] DEBUG: Greeter connected version=1.2.1 [+20.86s] DEBUG: Greeter connected, display is ready [+20.86s] DEBUG: New display ready, switching to it [+20.86s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+20.86s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter display being switched from [+24.90s] DEBUG: Greeter start authentication for dmytro [+24.90s] DEBUG: Started session 1746 with service 'lightdm', username 'dmytro' [+25.10s] DEBUG: Session 1746 got 1 message(s) from PAM [+25.10s] DEBUG: Prompt greeter with 1 message(s) [+31.87s] DEBUG: Continue authentication [+33.75s] DEBUG: Session 1746 authentication complete with return value 7: Authentication failure [+33.75s] DEBUG: Authenticate result for user dmytro: Authentication failure [+33.75s] DEBUG: Greeter start authentication for dmytro [+33.75s] DEBUG: Session 1746: Sending SIGTERM [+33.75s] DEBUG: Started session 2264 with service 'lightdm', username 'dmytro' [+33.75s] DEBUG: Session 2264 got 1 message(s) from PAM [+33.75s] DEBUG: Prompt greeter with 1 message(s) [+36.41s] DEBUG: Continue authentication [+36.53s] DEBUG: Session 2264 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+36.53s] DEBUG: Authenticate result for user dmytro: Success [+36.54s] DEBUG: User dmytro authorized [+36.54s] DEBUG: Greeter requests session ubuntu [+36.54s] DEBUG: Using session ubuntu [+36.54s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter [+36.54s] DEBUG: Session 1575: Sending SIGTERM [+37.41s] DEBUG: Greeter closed communication channel [+37.41s] DEBUG: Session 1575 exited with return value 0 [+37.41s] DEBUG: Greeter quit [+37.42s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+37.42s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+37.43s] DEBUG: Dropping privileges to uid 1000 [+37.43s] DEBUG: Writing /home/dmytro/.dmrc [+38.35s] DEBUG: Restoring privileges [+40.37s] DEBUG: Starting session ubuntu as user dmytro [+40.37s] DEBUG: Session 2264 running command /usr/sbin/lightdm-session gnome-session --session=ubuntu [+40.39s] DEBUG: Registering session with bus path /org/freedesktop/DisplayManager/Session1 [+50.78s] DEBUG: Session 2264 exited with return value 0 [+50.78s] DEBUG: User session quit [+50.78s] DEBUG: Stopping display [+50.78s] DEBUG: Sending signal 15 to process 1563 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Process 1563 exited with return value 0 [+51.53s] DEBUG: X server stopped [+51.53s] DEBUG: Removing X server authority /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Releasing VT 7 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Display server stopped [+51.53s] DEBUG: Display stopped [+51.53s] DEBUG: Active display stopped, switching to greeter [+51.53s] DEBUG: Switching to greeter [+51.53s] DEBUG: Starting new display for greeter [+51.53s] DEBUG: Starting local X display [+51.53s] DEBUG: Using VT 7 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0.log [+51.53s] DEBUG: Writing X server authority to /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 [+51.53s] DEBUG: Launching X Server [+51.53s] DEBUG: Launching process 2894: /usr/bin/X :0 -auth /var/run/lightdm/root/:0 -nolisten tcp vt7 -novtswitch [+51.53s] DEBUG: Waiting for ready signal from X server :0 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Got signal 10 from process 2894 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Got signal from X server :0 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Connecting to XServer :0 [+51.75s] DEBUG: Starting greeter [+51.75s] DEBUG: Started session 2898 with service 'lightdm', username 'lightdm' [+51.76s] DEBUG: Session 2898 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+51.76s] DEBUG: Greeter authorized [+51.76s] DEBUG: Logging to /var/log/lightdm/x-0-greeter.log [+51.76s] DEBUG: Session 2898 running command /usr/lib/lightdm/lightdm-greeter-session /usr/sbin/unity-greeter [+53.26s] DEBUG: Greeter connected version=1.2.1 [+53.26s] DEBUG: Greeter connected, display is ready [+53.26s] DEBUG: New display ready, switching to it [+53.26s] DEBUG: Activating VT 7 [+53.26s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter display being switched from [+54.17s] DEBUG: Greeter start authentication for dmytro [+54.17s] DEBUG: Started session 3152 with service 'lightdm', username 'dmytro' [+54.18s] DEBUG: Session 3152 got 1 message(s) from PAM [+54.18s] DEBUG: Prompt greeter with 1 message(s) [+58.61s] DEBUG: Continue authentication [+58.65s] DEBUG: Session 3152 authentication complete with return value 0: Success [+58.65s] DEBUG: Authenticate result for user dmytro: Success [+58.66s] DEBUG: User dmytro authorized [+58.66s] DEBUG: Greeter requests session ubuntu [+58.66s] DEBUG: Using session ubuntu [+58.66s] DEBUG: Stopping greeter [+58.66s] DEBUG: Session 2898: Sending SIGTERM How can I fix it? What other .log files could possibly give me a clue? Update: Possibly it's duplicate of Desktop login fails, terminal works

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• APPDATA and LOCALAPPDATA environment variables are not set on a profile in Windows 7 Pro 32bit

  - by Timur Fanshteyn

  I am having problem with a user account on a Windows 7 machine (local install, admin user account) APPDATA and LOCALAPPDATA environment are not set. Another user on the same machine, (also a local account, but without admin rights) has the variables set. This started to happen recently, however, I can not figure out if there was something installed on the machine to cause this. This is creating issues with applications that are trying to expand the variables to store local files. Thank you for the help.

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• Disable some extra keys on keyboard in windows

  - by user1649054

  I have a keyboard with some types of extra keys, such as multimedia (play, pause, stop ,..), turn off, and etc. some times it's annoying with a "exit button" just right beside arrows that accidentally presses, and programs gonna close, and some other similar problems. I'm wondering is there any solution to disable, or change the functionality of these types of keyboard keys in Windows (win7)? Cheers

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• C#/.NET Little Wonders: Fun With Enum Methods

  - by James Michael Hare

  Once again lets dive into the Little Wonders of .NET, those small things in the .NET languages and BCL classes that make development easier by increasing readability, maintainability, and/or performance. So probably every one of us has used an enumerated type at one time or another in a C# program.  The enumerated types we create are a great way to represent that a value can be one of a set of discrete values (or a combination of those values in the case of bit flags). But the power of enum types go far beyond simple assignment and comparison, there are many methods in the Enum class (that all enum types “inherit” from) that can give you even more power when dealing with them. IsDefined() – check if a given value exists in the enum Are you reading a value for an enum from a data source, but are unsure if it is actually a valid value or not?  Casting won’t tell you this, and Parse() isn’t guaranteed to balk either if you give it an int or a combination of flags.  So what can we do? Let’s assume we have a small enum like this for result codes we want to return back from our business logic layer: 1: public enum ResultCode 2: { 3: Success, 4: Warning, 5: Error 6: } In this enum, Success will be zero (unless given another value explicitly), Warning will be one, and Error will be two. So what happens if we have code like this where perhaps we’re getting the result code from another data source (could be database, could be web service, etc)? 1: public ResultCode PerformAction() 2: { 3: // set up and call some method that returns an int. 4: int result = ResultCodeFromDataSource(); 5:  6: // this will suceed even if result is < 0 or > 2. 7: return (ResultCode) result; 8: } So what happens if result is –1 or 4?  Well, the cast does not fail, so what we end up with would be an instance of a ResultCode that would have a value that’s outside of the bounds of the enum constants we defined. This means if you had a block of code like: 1: switch (result) 2: { 3: case ResultType.Success: 4: // do success stuff 5: break; 6:  7: case ResultType.Warning: 8: // do warning stuff 9: break; 10:  11: case ResultType.Error: 12: // do error stuff 13: break; 14: } That you would hit none of these blocks (which is a good argument for always having a default in a switch by the way). So what can you do?  Well, there is a handy static method called IsDefined() on the Enum class which will tell you if an enum value is defined.  1: public ResultCode PerformAction() 2: { 3: int result = ResultCodeFromDataSource(); 4:  5: if (!Enum.IsDefined(typeof(ResultCode), result)) 6: { 7: throw new InvalidOperationException("Enum out of range."); 8: } 9:  10: return (ResultCode) result; 11: } In fact, this is often recommended after you Parse() or cast a value to an enum as there are ways for values to get past these methods that may not be defined. If you don’t like the syntax of passing in the type of the enum, you could clean it up a bit by creating an extension method instead that would allow you to call IsDefined() off any isntance of the enum: 1: public static class EnumExtensions 2: { 3: // helper method that tells you if an enum value is defined for it's enumeration 4: public static bool IsDefined(this Enum value) 5: { 6: return Enum.IsDefined(value.GetType(), value); 7: } 8: }   HasFlag() – an easier way to see if a bit (or bits) are set Most of us who came from the land of C programming have had to deal extensively with bit flags many times in our lives.  As such, using bit flags may be almost second nature (for a quick refresher on bit flags in enum types see one of my old posts here). However, in higher-level languages like C#, the need to manipulate individual bit flags is somewhat diminished, and the code to check for bit flag enum values may be obvious to an advanced developer but cryptic to a novice developer. For example, let’s say you have an enum for a messaging platform that contains bit flags: 1: // usually, we pluralize flags enum type names 2: [Flags] 3: public enum MessagingOptions 4: { 5: None = 0, 6: Buffered = 0x01, 7: Persistent = 0x02, 8: Durable = 0x04, 9: Broadcast = 0x08 10: } We can combine these bit flags using the bitwise OR operator (the ‘|’ pipe character): 1: // combine bit flags using 2: var myMessenger = new Messenger(MessagingOptions.Buffered | MessagingOptions.Broadcast); Now, if we wanted to check the flags, we’d have to test then using the bit-wise AND operator (the ‘&’ character): 1: if ((options & MessagingOptions.Buffered) == MessagingOptions.Buffered) 2: { 3: // do code to set up buffering... 4: // ... 5: } While the ‘|’ for combining flags is easy enough to read for advanced developers, the ‘&’ test tends to be easy for novice developers to get wrong.  First of all you have to AND the flag combination with the value, and then typically you should test against the flag combination itself (and not just for a non-zero)!  This is because the flag combination you are testing with may combine multiple bits, in which case if only one bit is set, the result will be non-zero but not necessarily all desired bits! Thanks goodness in .NET 4.0 they gave us the HasFlag() method.  This method can be called from an enum instance to test to see if a flag is set, and best of all you can avoid writing the bit wise logic yourself.  Not to mention it will be more readable to a novice developer as well: 1: if (options.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 2: { 3: // do code to set up buffering... 4: // ... 5: } It is much more concise and unambiguous, thus increasing your maintainability and readability. It would be nice to have a corresponding SetFlag() method, but unfortunately generic types don’t allow you to specialize on Enum, which makes it a bit more difficult.  It can be done but you have to do some conversions to numeric and then back to the enum which makes it less of a payoff than having the HasFlag() method.  But if you want to create it for symmetry, it would look something like this: 1: public static T SetFlag<T>(this Enum value, T flags) 2: { 3: if (!value.GetType().IsEquivalentTo(typeof(T))) 4: { 5: throw new ArgumentException("Enum value and flags types don't match."); 6: } 7:  8: // yes this is ugly, but unfortunately we need to use an intermediate boxing cast 9: return (T)Enum.ToObject(typeof (T), Convert.ToUInt64(value) | Convert.ToUInt64(flags)); 10: } Note that since the enum types are value types, we need to assign the result to something (much like string.Trim()).  Also, you could chain several SetFlag() operations together or create one that takes a variable arg list if desired. Parse() and ToString() – transitioning from string to enum and back Sometimes, you may want to be able to parse an enum from a string or convert it to a string - Enum has methods built in to let you do this.  Now, many may already know this, but may not appreciate how much power are in these two methods. For example, if you want to parse a string as an enum, it’s easy and works just like you’d expect from the numeric types: 1: string optionsString = "Persistent"; 2:  3: // can use Enum.Parse, which throws if finds something it doesn't like... 4: var result = (MessagingOptions)Enum.Parse(typeof (MessagingOptions), optionsString); 5:  6: if (result == MessagingOptions.Persistent) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("It worked!"); 9: } Note that Enum.Parse() will throw if it finds a value it doesn’t like.  But the values it likes are fairly flexible!  You can pass in a single value, or a comma separated list of values for flags and it will parse them all and set all bits: 1: // for string values, can have one, or comma separated. 2: string optionsString = "Persistent, Buffered"; 3:  4: var result = (MessagingOptions)Enum.Parse(typeof (MessagingOptions), optionsString); 5:  6: if (result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Persistent) && result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("It worked!"); 9: } Or you can parse in a string containing a number that represents a single value or combination of values to set: 1: // 3 is the combination of Buffered (0x01) and Persistent (0x02) 2: var optionsString = "3"; 3:  4: var result = (MessagingOptions) Enum.Parse(typeof (MessagingOptions), optionsString); 5:  6: if (result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Persistent) && result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 7: { 8: Console.WriteLine("It worked again!"); 9: } And, if you really aren’t sure if the parse will work, and don’t want to handle an exception, you can use TryParse() instead: 1: string optionsString = "Persistent, Buffered"; 2: MessagingOptions result; 3:  4: // try parse returns true if successful, and takes an out parm for the result 5: if (Enum.TryParse(optionsString, out result)) 6: { 7: if (result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Persistent) && result.HasFlag(MessagingOptions.Buffered)) 8: { 9: Console.WriteLine("It worked!"); 10: } 11: } So we covered parsing a string to an enum, what about reversing that and converting an enum to a string?  The ToString() method is the obvious and most basic choice for most of us, but did you know you can pass a format string for enum types that dictate how they are written as a string?: 1: MessagingOptions value = MessagingOptions.Buffered | MessagingOptions.Persistent; 2:  3: // general format, which is the default, 4: Console.WriteLine("Default : " + value); 5: Console.WriteLine("G (default): " + value.ToString("G")); 6:  7: // Flags format, even if type does not have Flags attribute. 8: Console.WriteLine("F (flags) : " + value.ToString("F")); 9:  10: // integer format, value as number. 11: Console.WriteLine("D (num) : " + value.ToString("D")); 12:  13: // hex format, value as hex 14: Console.WriteLine("X (hex) : " + value.ToString("X")); Which displays: 1: Default : Buffered, Persistent 2: G (default): Buffered, Persistent 3: F (flags) : Buffered, Persistent 4: D (num) : 3 5: X (hex) : 00000003 Now, you may not really see a difference here between G and F because I used a [Flags] enum, the difference is that the “F” option treats the enum as if it were flags even if the [Flags] attribute is not present.  Let’s take a non-flags enum like the ResultCode used earlier: 1: // yes, we can do this even if it is not [Flags] enum. 2: ResultCode value = ResultCode.Warning | ResultCode.Error; And if we run that through the same formats again we get: 1: Default : 3 2: G (default): 3 3: F (flags) : Warning, Error 4: D (num) : 3 5: X (hex) : 00000003 Notice that since we had multiple values combined, but it was not a [Flags] marked enum, the G and default format gave us a number instead of a value name.  This is because the value was not a valid single-value constant of the enum.  However, using the F flags format string, it broke out the value into its component flags even though it wasn’t marked [Flags]. So, if you want to get an enum to display appropriately for whether or not it has the [Flags] attribute, use G which is the default.  If you always want it to attempt to break down the flags, use F.  For numeric output, obviously D or  X are the best choice depending on whether you want decimal or hex. Summary Hopefully, you learned a couple of new tricks with using the Enum class today!  I’ll add more little wonders as I think of them and thanks for all the invaluable input!   Technorati Tags: C#,.NET,Little Wonders,Enum,BlackRabbitCoder

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• Date and Time Support in SQL Server 2008

  - by Aamir Hasan

    Using the New Date and Time Data Types Normal 0 false false false EN-US X-NONE X-NONE /* Style Definitions */ table.MsoNormalTable {mso-style-name:"Table Normal"; mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; mso-style-noshow:yes; mso-style-priority:99; mso-style-qformat:yes; mso-style-parent:""; mso-padding-alt:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; mso-para-margin-top:0in; mso-para-margin-right:0in; mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; mso-para-margin-left:0in; line-height:115%; mso-pagination:widow-orphan; font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} 1.       The new date and time data types in SQL Server 2008 offer increased range and precision and are ANSI SQL compatible. 2.       Separate date and time data types minimize storage space requirements for applications that need only date or time information. Moreover, the variable precision of the new time data type increases storage savings in exchange for reduced accuracy. 3.       The new data types are mostly compatible with the original date and time data types and use the same Transact-SQL functions. 4.       The datetimeoffset data type allows you to handle date and time information in global applications that use data that originates from different time zones. SELECT c.name, p.* FROM politics pJOIN country cON p.country = c.codeWHERE YEAR(Independence) < 1753ORDER BY IndependenceGO8.    Highlight the SELECT statement and click Execute ( ) to show the use of some of the date functions.T-SQLSELECT c.name AS [Country Name],        CONVERT(VARCHAR(12), p.Independence, 107) AS [Independence Date],       DATEDIFF(YEAR, p.Independence, GETDATE()) AS [Years Independent (appox)],       p.GovernmentFROM politics pJOIN country cON p.country = c.codeWHERE YEAR(Independence) < 1753ORDER BY IndependenceGO10.    Select the SET DATEFORMAT statement and click Execute ( ) to change the DATEFORMAT to day-month-year.T-SQLSET DATEFORMAT dmyGO11.    Select the DECLARE and SELECT statements and click Execute ( ) to show how the datetime and datetime2 data types interpret a date literal.T-SQLSET DATEFORMAT dmyDECLARE @dt datetime = '2008-12-05'DECLARE @dt2 datetime2 = '2008-12-05'SELECT MONTH(@dt) AS [Month-Datetime], DAY(@dt)     AS [Day-Datetime]SELECT MONTH(@dt2) AS [Month-Datetime2], DAY(@dt2)     AS [Day-Datetime2]GO12.    Highlight the DECLARE and SELECT statements and click Execute ( ) to use integer arithmetic on a datetime variable.T-SQLDECLARE @dt datetime = '2008-12-05'SELECT @dt + 1GO13.    Highlight the DECLARE and SELECT statements and click Execute ( ) to show how integer arithmetic is not allowed for datetime2 variables.T-SQLDECLARE @dt2 datetime = '2008-12-05'SELECT @dt2 + 1GO14.    Highlight the DECLARE and SELECT statements and click Execute ( ) to show how to use DATE functions to do simple arithmetic on datetime2 variables.T-SQLDECLARE @dt2 datetime2(7) = '2008-12-05'SELECT DATEADD(d, 1, @dt2)GO15.    Highlight the DECLARE and SELECT statements and click Execute ( ) to show how the GETDATE function can be used with both datetime and datetime2 data types.T-SQLDECLARE @dt datetime = GETDATE();DECLARE @dt2 datetime2(7) = GETDATE();SELECT @dt AS [GetDate-DateTime], @dt2 AS [GetDate-DateTime2]GO16.    Draw attention to the values returned for both columns and how they are equal.17.    Highlight the DECLARE and SELECT statements and click Execute ( ) to show how the SYSDATETIME function can be used with both datetime and datetime2 data types.T-SQLDECLARE @dt datetime = SYSDATETIME();DECLARE @dt2 datetime2(7) = SYSDATETIME();SELECT @dt AS [Sysdatetime-DateTime], @dt2     AS [Sysdatetime-DateTime2]GO18.    Draw attention to the values returned for both columns and how they are different.Programming Global Applications with DateTimeOffset 2.    If you have not previously created the SQLTrainingKitDB database while completing another demo in this training kit, highlight the CREATE DATABASE statement and click Execute ( ) to do so now.T-SQLCREATE DATABASE SQLTrainingKitDBGO3.    Select the USE and CREATE TABLE statements and click Execute ( ) to create table datetest in the SQLTrainingKitDB database.T-SQLUSE SQLTrainingKitDBGOCREATE TABLE datetest (  id integer IDENTITY PRIMARY KEY,  datetimecol datetimeoffset,  EnteredTZ varchar(40)); Reference:http://www.microsoft.com/downloads/details.aspx?FamilyID=E9C68E1B-1E0E-4299-B498-6AB3CA72A6D7&displaylang=en   

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• CLR via C# 3rd Edition is out

  - by Abhijeet Patel

  Time for some book news update. CLR via C#, 3rd Edition seems to have been out for a little while now. The book was released in early Feb this year, and needless to say my copy is on it’s way. I can barely wait to dig in and chew on the goodies that one of the best technical authors and software professionals I respect has in store. The 2nd edition of the book was an absolute treat and this edition promises to be no less. Here is a brief description of what’s new and updated from the 2nd edition. Part I – CLR Basics Chapter 1-The CLR’s Execution Model Added about discussion about C#’s /optimize and /debug switches and how they relate to each other. Chapter 2-Building, Packaging, Deploying, and Administering Applications and Types Improved discussion about Win32 manifest information and version resource information. Chapter 3-Shared Assemblies and Strongly Named Assemblies Added discussion of TypeForwardedToAttribute and TypeForwardedFromAttribute. Part II – Designing Types Chapter 4-Type Fundamentals No new topics. Chapter 5-Primitive, Reference, and Value Types Enhanced discussion of checked and unchecked code and added discussion of new BigInteger type. Also added discussion of C# 4.0’s dynamic primitive type. Chapter 6-Type and Member Basics No new topics. Chapter 7-Constants and Fields No new topics. Chapter 8-Methods Added discussion of extension methods and partial methods. Chapter 9-Parameters Added discussion of optional/named parameters and implicitly-typed local variables. Chapter 10-Properties Added discussion of automatically-implemented properties, properties and the Visual Studio debugger, object and collection initializers, anonymous types, the System.Tuple type and the ExpandoObject type. Chapter 11-Events Added discussion of events and thread-safety as well as showing a cool extension method to simplify the raising of an event. Chapter 12-Generics Added discussion of delegate and interface generic type argument variance. Chapter 13-Interfaces No new topics. Part III – Essential Types Chapter 14-Chars, Strings, and Working with Text No new topics. Chapter 15-Enums Added coverage of new Enum and Type methods to access enumerated type instances. Chapter 16-Arrays Added new section on initializing array elements. Chapter 17-Delegates Added discussion of using generic delegates to avoid defining new delegate types. Also added discussion of lambda expressions. Chapter 18-Attributes No new topics. Chapter 19-Nullable Value Types Added discussion on performance. Part IV – CLR Facilities Chapter 20-Exception Handling and State Management This chapter has been completely rewritten. It is now about exception handling and state management. It includes discussions of code contracts and constrained execution regions (CERs). It also includes a new section on trade-offs between writing productive code and reliable code. Chapter 21-Automatic Memory Management Added discussion of C#’s fixed state and how it works to pin objects in the heap. Rewrote the code for weak delegates so you can use them with any class that exposes an event (the class doesn’t have to support weak delegates itself). Added discussion on the new ConditionalWeakTable class, GC Collection modes, Full GC notifications, garbage collection modes and latency modes. I also include a new sample showing how your application can receive notifications whenever Generation 0 or 2 collections occur. Chapter 22-CLR Hosting and AppDomains Added discussion of side-by-side support allowing multiple CLRs to be loaded in a single process. Added section on the performance of using MarshalByRefObject-derived types. Substantially rewrote the section on cross-AppDomain communication. Added section on AppDomain Monitoring and first chance exception notifications. Updated the section on the AppDomainManager class. Chapter 23-Assembly Loading and Reflection Added section on how to deploy a single file with dependent assemblies embedded inside it. Added section comparing reflection invoke vs bind/invoke vs bind/create delegate/invoke vs C#’s dynamic type. Chapter 24-Runtime Serialization This is a whole new chapter that was not in the 2nd Edition. Part V – Threading Chapter 25-Threading Basics Whole new chapter motivating why Windows supports threads, thread overhead, CPU trends, NUMA Architectures, the relationship between CLR threads and Windows threads, the Thread class, reasons to use threads, thread scheduling and priorities, foreground thread vs background threads. Chapter 26-Performing Compute-Bound Asynchronous Operations Whole new chapter explaining the CLR’s thread pool. This chapter covers all the new .NET 4.0 constructs including cooperative cancelation, Tasks, the aralle class, parallel language integrated query, timers, how the thread pool manages its threads, cache lines and false sharing. Chapter 27-Performing I/O-Bound Asynchronous Operations Whole new chapter explaining how Windows performs synchronous and asynchronous I/O operations. Then, I go into the CLR’s Asynchronous Programming Model, my AsyncEnumerator class, the APM and exceptions, Applications and their threading models, implementing a service asynchronously, the APM and Compute-bound operations, APM considerations, I/O request priorities, converting the APM to a Task, the event-based Asynchronous Pattern, programming model soup. Chapter 28-Primitive Thread Synchronization Constructs Whole new chapter discusses class libraries and thread safety, primitive user-mode, kernel-mode constructs, and data alignment. Chapter 29-Hybrid Thread Synchronization Constructs Whole new chapter discussion various hybrid constructs such as ManualResetEventSlim, SemaphoreSlim, CountdownEvent, Barrier, ReaderWriterLock(Slim), OneManyResourceLock, Monitor, 3 ways to solve the double-check locking technique, .NET 4.0’s Lazy and LazyInitializer classes, the condition variable pattern, .NET 4.0’s concurrent collection classes, the ReaderWriterGate and SyncGate classes.

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• postfix 5.7.1 Relay access denied when sending mail with cron

  - by zensys

  Reluctant to ask because there is so much here about 'postfix relay access denied' but I cannot find my case: I use php (Zend Framework) to send emails outside my network using the Google mail server because I could not send mail outside my server (user: web). However when I sent out an email via cron (user: root, I believe), still using ZF, using the same mail config/credentials, I get the message: '5.7.1 Relay access denied' I guess I need to know one of two things: 1. How can I use the google smtp server from cron 2. What do I need to change in my config to send mail using my own server instead of google Though the answer to 2. is the more structural solution I assume, I am quite happy with an answer to 1. as well because I think Google is better at server maintaince (security/spam) than I am. Below my ZF application.ini mail section, main.cf and master.cf: application.ini: resources.mail.transport.type = smtp resources.mail.transport.auth = login resources.mail.transport.host = "smtp.gmail.com" resources.mail.transport.ssl = tls resources.mail.transport.port = 587 resources.mail.transport.username = [email protected] resources.mail.transport.password = xxxxxxx resources.mail.defaultFrom.email = [email protected] resources.mail.defaultFrom.name = "my company" main.cf: # Debian specific: Specifying a file name will cause the first # line of that file to be used as the name. The Debian default # is /etc/mailname. #myorigin = /etc/mailname smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name (Ubuntu) biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.cert smtpd_tls_key_file = /etc/postfix/smtpd.key smtpd_use_tls = yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. myhostname = mail.second-start.nl mydomain = second-start.nl alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname mydestination = relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_command = procmail -a "$EXTENSION" mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all html_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix/html message_size_limit = 30720000 virtual_alias_domains = virtual_alias_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_forwardings.cf, mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_email2email.cf virtual_mailbox_domains = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_domains.cf virtual_mailbox_maps = proxy:mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql-virtual_mailboxes.cf virtual_mailbox_base = /home/vmail virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_authenticated_header = yes # see under Spam smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination proxy_read_maps = $local_recipient_maps $mydestination $virtual_alias_maps $virtual_alias_domains $virtual_mailbox_maps $virtual_mailbox_domains $relay_recipient_maps $relay_domains $canonical_maps $sender_canonical_maps $recipient_canonical_maps $relocated_maps $transport_maps $mynetworks $virtual_mailbox_limit_maps virtual_transport = dovecot dovecot_destination_recipient_limit = 1 # Spam disable_vrfy_command = yes smtpd_delay_reject = yes smtpd_helo_required = yes smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, check_helo_access hash:/etc/postfix/helo_access, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_invalid_hostname, permit smtpd_recipient_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_unauth_destination, reject_invalid_hostname, reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, permit_mynetworks, reject_non_fqdn_hostname, reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client zen.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client cbl.abuseat.org, reject_rbl_client bl.spamcop.net, permit smtpd_error_sleep_time = 1s smtpd_soft_error_limit = 10 smtpd_hard_error_limit = 20 master.cf: # ========================================================================== # service type private unpriv chroot wakeup maxproc command + args # (yes) (yes) (yes) (never) (100) # ========================================================================== smtp inet n - - - - smtpd #smtp inet n - - - 1 postscreen #smtpd pass - - - - - smtpd #dnsblog unix - - - - 0 dnsblog #tlsproxy unix - - - - 0 tlsproxy #submission inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_security_level=encrypt # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #smtps inet n - - - - smtpd # -o smtpd_tls_wrappermode=yes # -o smtpd_sasl_auth_enable=yes # -o smtpd_client_restrictions=permit_sasl_authenticated,reject # -o milter_macro_daemon_name=ORIGINATING #628 inet n - - - - qmqpd pickup fifo n - - 60 1 pickup cleanup unix n - - - 0 cleanup qmgr fifo n - n 300 1 qmgr #qmgr fifo n - - 300 1 oqmgr tlsmgr unix - - - 1000? 1 tlsmgr rewrite unix - - - - - trivial-rewrite bounce unix - - - - 0 bounce defer unix - - - - 0 bounce trace unix - - - - 0 bounce verify unix - - - - 1 verify flush unix n - - 1000? 0 flush proxymap unix - - n - - proxymap proxywrite unix - - n - 1 proxymap smtp unix - - - - - smtp # When relaying mail as backup MX, disable fallback_relay to avoid MX loops relay unix - - - - - smtp -o smtp_fallback_relay= # -o smtp_helo_timeout=5 -o smtp_connect_timeout=5 showq unix n - - - - showq error unix - - - - - error retry unix - - - - - error discard unix - - - - - discard local unix - n n - - local virtual unix - n n - - virtual lmtp unix - - - - - lmtp anvil unix - - - - 1 anvil scache unix - - - - 1 scache # # ==================================================================== # Interfaces to non-Postfix software. Be sure to examine the manual # pages of the non-Postfix software to find out what options it wants. # # Many of the following services use the Postfix pipe(8) delivery # agent. See the pipe(8) man page for information about ${recipient} # and other message envelope options. # ==================================================================== # # maildrop. See the Postfix MAILDROP_README file for details. # Also specify in main.cf: maildrop_destination_recipient_limit=1 # maildrop unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail argv=/usr/bin/maildrop -d ${recipient} # # ==================================================================== # # Recent Cyrus versions can use the existing "lmtp" master.cf entry. # # Specify in cyrus.conf: # lmtp cmd="lmtpd -a" listen="localhost:lmtp" proto=tcp4 # # Specify in main.cf one or more of the following: # mailbox_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # virtual_transport = lmtp:inet:localhost # # ==================================================================== # # Cyrus 2.1.5 (Amos Gouaux) # Also specify in main.cf: cyrus_destination_recipient_limit=1 # #cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -r ${sender} -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # Old example of delivery via Cyrus. # #old-cyrus unix - n n - - pipe # flags=R user=cyrus argv=/cyrus/bin/deliver -e -m ${extension} ${user} # # ==================================================================== # # See the Postfix UUCP_README file for configuration details. # uucp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fqhu user=uucp argv=uux -r -n -z -a$sender - $nexthop!rmail ($recipient) # # Other external delivery methods. # ifmail unix - n n - - pipe flags=F user=ftn argv=/usr/lib/ifmail/ifmail -r $nexthop ($recipient) bsmtp unix - n n - - pipe flags=Fq. user=bsmtp argv=/usr/lib/bsmtp/bsmtp -t$nexthop -f$sender $recipient scalemail-backend unix - n n - 2 pipe flags=R user=scalemail argv=/usr/lib/scalemail/bin/scalemail-store ${nexthop} ${user} ${extension} mailman unix - n n - - pipe flags=FR user=list argv=/usr/lib/mailman/bin/postfix-to-mailman.py ${nexthop} ${user} dovecot unix - n n - - pipe flags=DRhu user=vmail:vmail argv=/usr/lib/dovecot/deliver -d ${recipient}

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• Unable to log into Ubuntu

  - by Rodnower

  I have Ubuntu 12.04.1. Last time I did nothing especial, but suddenly some problem appear: I have a login screen (using lightdm), when I attempt a login, I get a console session and returned to the login screen. I see that it is a known issue, so I tried everything from following steps: To removed .XAuthority Configure to use gdm Reinstall lightdm To include my user to nopasswdlogin group But nothing help... So, these are errors from /var/log/auth.log: Oct 3 01:11:48 alphabet-2 lightdm: pam_unix(lightdm:session): session opened for user lightdm by (uid=0) Oct 3 01:11:48 alphabet-2 lightdm: pam_ck_connector(lightdm:session): nox11 mode, ignoring PAM_TTY :0 Oct 3 01:11:48 alphabet-2 lightdm: pam_succeed_if(lightdm:auth): requirement "user ingroup nopasswdlogin" not met by user "andrey" Oct 3 01:11:48 alphabet-2 dbus[704]: [system] Rejected send message, 2 matched rules; type="method_call", sender=":1.35" (uid=104 pid=1709 comm="/usr/lib/indicator-datetime/indicator-datetime-ser") interface="org.freedesktop.DBus.Properties" member="GetAll" error name="(unset)" requested_reply="0" destination=":1.14" (uid=0 pid=1169 comm="/usr/sbin/console-kit-daemon --no-daemon ") Any ideas?

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• What does the number after 7-zip's -m switch mean?

  - by AndreKR

  7-zip has a command line switch to set the compression method, -m followed by a number, e.g. -m0=LZMA. What does the number (0 in the example) mean? Different numbers produce slightly different compression results and performance: time 7z -m0=LZMA -mx=9 -ms=on -mmt=off real 0m2.292s user 0m2.190s sys 0m0.080s time 7z -m1=LZMA -mx=9 -ms=on -mmt=off real 0m2.405s user 0m3.240s sys 0m0.070s time 7z -m0=LZMA -mx=9 -ms=on -mmt=on real 0m1.038s user 0m1.920s sys 0m0.150s time 7z -m1=LZMA -mx=9 -ms=on -mmt=on real 0m1.187s user 0m2.800s sys 0m0.130s

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• Using Umbraco&rsquo;s Dropdown Datatype

  - by MightyZot

  In Umbraco, you could consider document types like models and data types as property types for those modes. For example, you may create a document type called “Prices” to represent a page that displays a list of prices. And, then, you might create a document type called “Price Item” to represent the price list items. A property called “Price” could then represent the price of an item. When you create the Price property, you specify the data type, which in this case might be “Number”, indicating that this particular field accepts only numerical values. Consequently, you could also create a drop down list property called “Category”, allowing you to categorize the items in your price list. To add items to the drop down list, you modify the data type definition in the Developer module of the Umbraco administrative utility. Instead of modifying the drop down data type itself, you should first make a copy by right-clicking on the Data Types node and choosing Create. Give your new data type a name in the Create dialog and click the Create button. In the Edit datatype dialog, change “Render control” to “Dropdown list”.  To add your list items, simply enter that value into the textbox next to “Add prevalue” and click Save or press the Enter key. Now that you have a new drop down list data type created, along with assigned list items, you can use it in your document type definitions just like you would the other data types.

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• Windows 7 - Non Admin run as Admin for Explorer - still can't see all tmp internet files

  - by Steve

  I'm trying to retrieve video files from the IE 8 cache for a user that's not an admin in Win 7. As a non admin user, I run Explorer as admin and still can't see the temp internet files for the non admin user. Only if I login as a user that is admin can I see the files. Is there any way I can see the files w/o having to go through the login process? Essentially, I want the video file from this page and others like it: http://video.yahoo.com/watch/111585/1027823

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• Save Points

  - by raghu.yadav

  Explicit save point : Requires an end user action before a bounded or unbounded task flow creates a save point. For example, an end user clicks a button that invokes a method call activity that, in turn, creates a save point Implicit save point : can only originate from a bounded task flow if 1) A session times out due to end user inactivity 2) An end user logs out without saving the data 3) An end user closes the only browser window, thus logging out of the application 4) An end user navigates away from the current application using control flow rules (for example, uses a goLink component to go to an external URL) and having unsaved data. good usecases and examples given by frank/biemond and on implicit save points http://www.oracle.com/technology/products/jdev/tips/fnimphius/cancelForm/cancelForm_wsp.html?_template=/ocom/print http://biemond.blogspot.com/2008/04/automatically-save-transactions-with.html

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• VPN not connecting after resuming from standby on Vista home premium

  - by joe

  Hello, I am having windows vista home premium OS on my laptop. I am having a windows VPN setup too. All of a sudden my vpn doesnt work when my PC resumed from stand by mode. I tried all options but still I am getting that error. CoId={5B82082D-9236-4AF9-900B-4E8072341C76}: The user workgroup\user dialed a connection named VPNName which has failed. The error code returned on failure is 0. I am also getting the following error when I verified the event logs The user workgroup\user dialed a connection named VpnName which has failed. The error code returned on failure is 800. Please help.

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• MVC: Why put the business logic in the model? What happens when I've multiple types of storage?

  - by Steffen Winkler

  I always thought that the business logic has to be in the controller and that the controller, since it is the 'middle' part, stays static and that the model/view have to be capsuled via interfaces, that way you could change the business logic without affecting anything else, program multiple Models (one for each database/type of storage) and a dozens of views (for different platforms for example). Now I read in this question that you should always put the business logic into the model and that the controller is deeply connected with the view. To me, that doesn't really make sense and implies that each time I want to have the means of supporting another database/type of storage I've to rewrite my whole model including the business logic. And if I want another view, I've to rewrite both the view and the controller. May someone explain why that is or if I went wrong somewhere? Currently, that whole thing doesn't really make sense to me.

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• compare a string in two files

  - by Tarun

  I am trying to get the name of the user from one file and their corresponding details from my other file. I use the command awk -F : '{ print $1 }' user-name it gives me the list of all the user's. So now how can I match these names with the other file and get a output like: user-name id contact-details The format of the two files is like follows: 1.user-name Tarun:143 Rahul:148 Neeraj:149 2.user-details Tarun:[email protected] Neeraj:[email protected] Rahul:[email protected] what I'm trying to get is like: Neeraj:149:[email protected] Rahul:148:[email protected] Tarun:143:[email protected]

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• Security considerations on Importing Bulk Data by Using BULK INSERT or OPENROWSET(BULK...)

  - by Ice

  I do not understand the following article profound. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms175915(SQL.90).aspx "In contrast, if a SQL Server user logs on by using Windows Authentication, the user can read only those files that can be accessed by the user account, regardless of the security profile of the SQL Server process." What if i define a SQL-Agent Job to perform this bulk-Insert; Is it the OWNER of the Job who gives the security-context?

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• Postfix on Snow Leopard unable to send MIME emails, including header contents in message body

  - by devvy

  I configured postfix on snow leopard by adding the following line to /etc/hostconfig: MAILSERVER=-YES- I then configured postfix to relay through my ISP's SMTP server. I added the following two lines in their respective places within /etc/postfix/main.cf: myhostname = 1and1.com relayhost = shawmail.vc.shawcable.net I then have a simple PHP mail function wrapper as follows: send_email("[email protected]", "[email protected]", "Test Email", "<p>This is a simple HTML email</p>"); echo "Done"; function send_email($from,$to,$subject,$message){ $header="From: <".$from."> "; $header.= 'MIME-Version: 1.0' . " "; $header.= 'Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1' . " "; $send_mail=mail($to,$subject,$message,$header); if(!$send_mail){ echo "ERROR"; } } With this, I am receiving an e-mail that appears to be improperly formatted. The message header is showing up in the body of the e-mail. The raw message content is as follows: Return-Path: <[email protected]> Delivery-Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2010 18:12:48 -0400 Received: from idcmail-mo2no.shaw.ca (idcmail-mo2no.shaw.ca [64.59.134.9]) by mx.perfora.net (node=mxus2) with ESMTP (Nemesis) id 0M4XlU-1NCtC81GVY-00z5UN for [email protected]; Tue, 27 Apr 2010 18:12:48 -0400 Message-Id: <[email protected]> Received: from pd6ml3no-ssvc.prod.shaw.ca ([10.0.153.149]) by pd6mo1no-svcs.prod.shaw.ca with ESMTP; 27 Apr 2010 16:12:47 -0600 X-Cloudmark-SP-Filtered: true X-Cloudmark-SP-Result: v=1.0 c=1 a=VphdPIyG4kEA:10 a=hATtCjKilyj9ZF5m5A62ag==:17 a=mC_jT1gcAAAA:8 a=QLyc3QejAAAA:8 a=DGW4GvdtALggLTu6w9AA:9 a=KbDtEDGyCi7QHcNhDYYwsF92SU8A:4 a=uch7kV7NfGgA:10 a=5ZEL1eDBWGAA:10 Received: from unknown (HELO 1and1.com) ([24.84.196.104]) by pd6ml3no-dmz.prod.shaw.ca with ESMTP; 27 Apr 2010 16:12:48 -0600 Received: by 1and1.com (Postfix, from userid 70) id BB08D14ECFC; Tue, 27 Apr 2010 15:12:47 -0700 (PDT) To: [email protected] Subject: Test Email X-PHP-Originating-Script: 501:test.php Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2010 18:12:48 -0400 X-UI-Junk: AutoMaybeJunk +30 (SPA); V01:LYI2BGRt:7TwGx5jxe8cylj5nOTae9JQXYqoWvG2w4ZSfwYCXmHCH/5vVNCE fRD7wNNM86txwLDTO522ZNxyNHhvJUK9d2buMQuAUCMoea2jJHaDdtRgkGxNSkO2 v6svm0LsZikLMqRErHtBCYEWIgxp2bl0W3oA3nIbtfp3li0kta27g/ZjoXcgz5Sw B8lEqWBqKWMSta1mCM+XD/RbWVsjr+LqTKg== Envelope-To: [email protected] From: <[email protected]> MIME-Version: 1.0 Content-type: text/html; charset=iso-8859-1 Message-Id: <[email protected]> Date: Tue, 27 Apr 2010 15:12:47 -0700 (PDT) <p>This is a simple HTML email</p> And here are the contents of my /var/log/mail.log file after sending the email: Apr 27 15:29:01 User-iMac postfix/qmgr[705]: 74B1514EDDF: removed Apr 27 15:29:30 User-iMac postfix/pickup[704]: 25FBC14EDF0: uid=70 from=<_www> Apr 27 15:29:30 User-iMac postfix/master[758]: fatal: open lock file pid/master.pid: unable to set exclusive lock: Resource temporarily unavailable Apr 27 15:29:30 User-iMac postfix/cleanup[745]: 25FBC14EDF0: message-id=<[email protected]> Apr 27 15:29:30 User-iMac postfix/qmgr[705]: 25FBC14EDF0: from=<[email protected]>, size=423, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Apr 27 15:29:30 User-iMac postfix/smtp[747]: 25FBC14EDF0: to=<[email protected]>, relay=shawmail.vc.shawcable.net[64.59.128.135]:25, delay=0.21, delays=0.01/0/0.1/0.1, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 ok: Message 25784419 accepted) Apr 27 15:29:30 User-iMac postfix/qmgr[705]: 25FBC14EDF0: removed Two other people in the office have followed the exact same process and are running the exact same script, version of snow leopard, php, etc. and everything is working fine for them. I've even copied their config files to my machine, restarted postfix, restarted apache, all to no avail. Does anyone know what steps I could take to resolve the issue? This is boggling my mind... Thanks

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• Laptop authentication/logon via accelerometer tilt, flip, and twist

  - by wonsungi

  Looking for another application/technology: A number of years ago, I read about a novel way to authenticate and log on to a laptop. The user simply had to hold the laptop in the air and execute a simple series of tilts and flips to the laptop. By logging accelerometer data, this creates a unique signature for the user. Even if an attacker watched and repeated the exact same motions, the attacker could not replicate the user's movements closely enough. I am looking for information about this technology again, but I can't find anything. It may have been an actual feature on a laptop, or it may have just been a research project. I think I read about it in a magazine like Wired. Does anyone have more information about authentication via unique accelerometer signatures? Here are the closest articles I have been able to find: Knock-based commands for your Linux laptop Shake Well Before Use: Authentication Based on Accelerometer Data[PDF] Inferring Identity using Accelerometers in Television Remote Controls User Evaluation of Lightweight User Authentication with a Single Tri-Axis Accelerometer Identifying Users of Portable Devices from Gait Pattern with Accelerometers[PDF] 3D Signature Biometrics Using Curvature Moments[PDF] MoViSign: A novel authentication mechanism using mobile virtual signatures

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• Can I get Linux into 'Party/Kiosk-Mode' like status?

  - by kramer

  I want to create a linux user account (in ubuntu or debian or whatever release is more suitable for this) which cannot do anything but just view a pre-determined web page. Kind of Kiosk style so that the user can observe what is going on from that web page but; cannot execute or write (and this blocking is preferably made also via GUI i.e. user cant minimize or close the browser, cant view any -start menus- )anything on machine. How can I do this?

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• Security Controls on data for P6 Analytics

  - by Jeffrey McDaniel

  The Star database and P6 Analytics calculates security based on P6 security using OBS, global, project, cost, and resource security considerations. If there is some concern that users are not seeing expected data in P6 Analytics here are some areas to review: 1. Determining if a user has cost security is based on the Project level security privileges - either View Project Costs/Financials or Edit EPS Financials. If expecting to see costs make sure one of these permissions are allocated.  2. User must have OBS access on a Project. Not WBS level. WBS level security is not supported. Make sure user has OBS on project level.  3. Resource Access is determined by what is granted in P6. Verify the resource access granted to this user in P6. Resource security is hierarchical. Project access will override Resource access based on the way security policies are applied. 4. Module access must be given to a P6 user for that user to come over into Star/P6 Analytics. For earlier version of RDB there was a report_user_flag on the Users table. This flag field is no longer used after P6 Reporting Database 2.1. 5. For P6 Reporting Database versions 2.2 and higher, the Extended Schema Security service must be run to calculate all security. Any changes to privileges or security this service must be rerun before any ETL. 6. In P6 Analytics 2.0 or higher, a Weblogic user must exist that matches the P6 username. For example user Tim must exist in P6 and Weblogic users for Tim to be able to log into P6 Analytics and access data based on  P6 security.  In earlier versions the username needed to exist in RPD. 7. Cache in OBI is another area that can sometimes make it seem a user isn't seeing the data they expect. While cache can be beneficial for performance in OBI. If the data is outdated it can retrieve older, stale data. Clearing or turning off cache when rerunning a query can determine if the returned result set was from cache or from the database.

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• cURL hangs trying to upload file from stdin

  - by SidneySM

  I'm trying to PUT a file with cURL. This hangs: curl -vvv --digest -u user -T - https://example.com/file.txt < file This does not: curl -vvv --digest -u user -T file https://example.com/file.txt What's going on? * About to connect() to example.com port 443 (#0) * Trying 0.0.0.0... connected * Connected to example.com (0.0.0.0) port 443 (#0) * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server hello (2): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, CERT (11): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server key exchange (12): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Server finished (14): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Client key exchange (16): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSLv3, TLS change cipher, Client hello (1): * SSLv3, TLS handshake, Finished (20): * SSL connection using DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA * Server certificate: * subject: serialNumber=jJakwdOewDicmqzIorLkKSiwuqfnzxF/, C=US, O=*.example.com, OU=GT01234567, OU=See www.example.com/resources/cps (c)10, OU=Domain Control Validated - ExampleSSL(R), CN=*.example.com * start date: 2010-01-26 07:06:33 GMT * expire date: 2011-01-28 11:22:07 GMT * common name: *.example.com (matched) * issuer: C=US, O=Equifax, OU=Equifax Secure Certificate Authority * SSL certificate verify ok. * Server auth using Digest with user 'user' > PUT /file.txt HTTP/1.1 > User-Agent: curl/7.19.4 (universal-apple-darwin10.0) libcurl/7.19.4 OpenSSL/0.9.8l zlib/1.2.3 > Host: example.com > Accept: */* > Transfer-Encoding: chunked > Expect: 100-continue > < HTTP/1.1 100 Continue

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• Does Ubuntu run on current Asus Transformer Prime?

  - by Ubuntu User

  I've read instructions about dual boot Android / Transformer Prime (a significant factor in ordering one). Also about not working with /latest/ Transformer Prime (firmware / BIOS?) Also about imminent Ubuntu ARM support. Will I be able to run Ubuntu in a day or two when Transformer arrives? Also, am I right to assume I can restore Transformer to factory status if I break something in the attempt?

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• No password mysql under linux?

  - by ripper234

  I was told that mysql user, similar to root user, by default "has no password". Not an empty password, but rather "no password". I wasn't aware this situation was possible - I thought every user on a linux had to have a password. Am I wrong? Can you point me to a link that explain this?

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• No mysql password under linux?

  - by ripper234

  I was told that mysql user, similar to root user, by default "has no password". Not an empty password, but rather "no password". I wasn't aware this situation was possible - I thought every user on a linux had to have a password. Am I wrong? Can you point me to a link that explain this?

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