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• Apache and mod_authn_dbd DBDPrepareSQL error

  - by David Brown

  I am running Apache 2.2.17 on Suse Linux 11. I have installed the mod_authn_dbd module to allow authentication using a MySQL database. Simple digest authentication works absolutely fine using the following directive: AuthDBDUserRealmQuery "SELECT loginPassword FROM login WHERE loginUser = %s and loginRealm = %s" However, I would like to both generalize this statement and prepare it for performance and security reasons. Thus, I used the following directives instead: DBDPrepareSQL "SELECT loginPassword FROM login WHERE loginUser = %s and loginRealm = %s" digestLogin AuthDBDUserRealmQuery digestLogin These directives generate the following errors: [...] [error] (20014)Internal error: DBD: failed to prepare SQL statements: [...] [error] (20014)Internal error: DBD: failed to initialise Why does my actual SQL statement work when used directly, but not when I try to prepare it? (Note I have tried using '?' and '%%' in place of '%', to no effect.)

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• Want to install FlightGear but 'libapr1' dependency cannot be satisfied

  - by Jonathan Reno

  When I want to install the flightgear:amd64 package, it requests to install the simgear2.8.0:amd64 package onto my Linux Mint 13 KDE 64-bit system. But I cannot install simgear2.8.0:amd64 because I could not find it in the GetDeb repositories, could not install it from PlayDeb, and could not find a .deb file online. So, I tried to install simgear2.8.0:i386, but it wants me to install (read reinstall) libapr1, but it is already installed properly with its dependencies. By the way, libapr1 is necessary for my Apache installation. Could you help me fix my problem?

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• Start script on network connect

  - by Nate Mara

  I am trying to get a GNU/Linux Bash script to run as soon as a network connection is established on my Raspberry Pi. I tried following the instructions on several pages: I have tried adding my script to /etc/network/if-up.d and running sudo chmod ugo+x on the file. I have tried adding the line post-up <path/to/script.sh> to /etc/network/interfaces I am really quite clueless here. More info: The script runs fine when manually run, here it is: http://pastebin.com/UJvt5HYU (I did remove my personal info (email addresses, passwords), but other than that, the script is unchanged. This script also uses the sendEmail program (can be found at http://caspian.dotconf.net/menu/Software/SendEmail/).

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• tar a directory and only include certain file types

  - by Susan

  Following the instructions here: http://linuxdevcenter.com/pub/a/linux/lpt/20_08.html I'm aiming to tar up a directory but only want to include .php files from that directory. Given the aforementioned instructions, I've come up with this command. It creates a file called IncludeTheseFiles which lists all the .php files, then the tar is supposed to do it's job only using the files listed in IncludeTheseFiles find myProjectDirectory -type f -print | \ egrep '(\.[php]|[Mm]akefile)$' > IncludeTheseFiles tar cvf myProjectTarName -I IncludeTheseFiles However, when I run this it doesn't like the I include option? tar: invalid option -- I

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• What's the difference between keepalived and corosync, others?

  - by Matt

  I'm building a failover firewall for a server cluster and started looking at the various options. I'm more familiar with carp on freebsd, but need to use linux for this project. Searching google has produced several different projects, but no clear information about features they provide . CARP gave virtual interfaces that failover, I am not really clear on whether that's what corosync does, or is that what pacemaker does? On the other hand I did get manage to get keepalived working. However, I noted that corosync provides native support for infiniband. This would be useful for me. Perhaps someone could shed some light on the differences between: corosync keepalive pacemaker heartbeat Which product would be the best fit for router failover?

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• How do I make kdump use a permissible range of memory for the crash kernel?

  - by Philip Durbin

  I've read the Red Hat Knowledgebase article "How do I configure kexec/kdump on Red Hat Enterprise Linux 5?" at http://kbase.redhat.com/faq/docs/DOC-6039 and http://prefetch.net/blog/index.php/2009/07/06/using-kdump-to-get-core-files-on-fedora-and-centos-hosts/ The crashkernel=128M@16M kernel parameter works fine for me in a RHEL 6.0 beta VM, but not on the RHEL 5.5 hosts I've tried. dmesg shows me: Memory for crash kernel (0x0 to 0x0) notwithin permissible range disabling kdump Here's the line from grub.conf: kernel /vmlinuz-2.6.18-194.3.1.el5 ro root=/dev/md2 console=ttyS0,115200 panic=15 rhgb quiet crashkernel=128M@16M How do I make kdump use a permissible range of memory for the crash kernel?

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• How to create tunnel to utilize for telnet connection.

  - by Z12

  The scenario is as follows: Machine A is located behind client firewall. The machine runs telnetd. This is Linux machine with Python 2.5.4 installed. I do not know the IP addy of the router and firewall is not open incoming. outgoing firewall is open. Machine B (Windows machine) is a server with well known IP address. I can install any programs I want on either machine. The idea is that I want Machine A to open a socket to machine B. Then I want to hold that socket and use to run a telnet session from Machine B to Machine A telnetd server. Is there any freeware that does this? Thoughts? Thanks!

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• slow network in centos5 VM with centos5 host running KVM

  - by dan

  I setup KVM following the guide here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/centos-rhel-linux-kvm-virtulization-tutorial/ I setup a bridged network and it worked fine except that the transfer speed is 200KB/s instead of the gigabit speed that I get on the host machine by itself. I tried editing the guest network settings to set "model=virtio" http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/Virtio but this just moves ifconfig-eth0 to ifconfig-eth0.bak in the VM and networking doesn't work at all. I tried moving ifconfig-eth0 back and starting up eth0, which works, but now the transfer speed is ~ 60KB/s I have no idea what else to try. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

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• Applying memory limits to screen sessions

  - by CollinJSimpson

  You can set memory usage limits for standard Linux applications in: /etc/security/limits.conf Unfortunately, I previously thought these limits only apply to user applications and not system services. This means that users can by bypass their limits by launching applications through a system service such as screen. I'd like to know if it's possible to let users use screen but still enforce application limits. Jeff had the great idea of using nohup which obeys user limits (wonderful!), but I would still like to know if it's possible to mimic the useful windowing features of screen. EDIT: It seems my screen sessions are now obeying my hard address space limits defined in /etc/security/limits.conf. I must have been making some mistake. I recently installed cpulimit, but I doubt that's the solution.Thanks for the nohup tip, Jeff! It's very useful. Link to CPU Limit package

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• DHCP Client Can't Find DHCP Server

  - by leeman24

  I currently have 3 machines: CentOS (router) eth1 - 18.0.168.1 eth2 - 145.165.34.1 Windows Server 2008 (server) 18.0.168.2 DHCP scope - 145.165.34.10 - 145.165.34.20 Windows 7 (client) Supposed to use DHCP I can't get my Windows 7 client to get an address from the Windows Server 2008 DHCP server. Every network interface can ping each other (ex. 18.0.168.2 can ping 18.0.168.1 & 145.165.34.1 and the other way around). My Linux machine acting as the router has default IP tables. Other than this command which may or may not be right: iptables -I INPUT -p udp -d 18.0.168.2 --dport 67:68 -j ACCEPT I have also tried it after I flushed the IP tables. I was looking at the dhcrelay command but it seems CentOS doesn't have it and I am not even sure how to use it.

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• LFD always stops working after ~30 days, until I give /etc/csf/csf.pl -r

  - by gus

  When I give /etc/csf/csf.pl -r , I see lots of lines flushing, then I begin to get the notification emails again, (several emails per day), for example: Time: Wed Sep 12 08:39:47 2012 +0800 IP: 221.13.104.162 (CN/China/-) Failures: 5 (sshd) Interval: 300 seconds Blocked: Permanent Block Log entries: Sep 12 08:39:25 MyHost sshd[9677]: Failed password for root from 221.13.104.162 port 51106 ssh2 Sep 12 08:39:28 MyHost sshd[9712]: Failed password for root from 221.13.104.162 port 51690 ssh2 Sep 12 08:39:32 MyHost sshd[9739]: Failed password for root from 221.13.104.162 port 52128 ssh2 Sep 12 08:39:36 MyHost sshd[9778]: Failed password for root from 221.13.104.162 port 52670 ssh2 Sep 12 08:39:40 MyHost sshd[9821]: Failed password for root from 221.13.104.162 port 53155 ssh2 And then after about 30 days, the emails stop coming, it is as if something has filled up, and requires flushing again. I don't know much about CSF/LFD, but I would have imagined that this would work in a FIFO manner, so it should be able to run indefinitely within finite space. My /etc/csf/version.txt says 4.83 My cat /proc/version says Linux version 2.6.18-028stab066.8 (root@rhel5-64-build) (gcc version 4.1.2 20070626 (Red Hat 4.1.2-14)) #1 SMP Fri Nov 27 20:19:25 MSK 2009

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• KVM online disk resize?

  - by Eil

  We're evaluting KVM for Linux virtualization on a few projects. All is going well so far. But one of our requirements is the ability to add disk space to a running guest without rebooting or taking it offline. Is this possible with KVM? The only thing I've found so far (but have not tested yet) is the ability to hotplug disks into the machine. If I go this route, then I could always add the new disk to an LVM volume group on the guest and then extend the chosen logical volume. The biggest downside to this approach is that over time we might end up with guests having variable numbers of virtual disks. The "real" disk space would be provided to the host over a SAN, so we can always add more space to the host whenever.

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• Using watch to run a shell script - but the script goes defunct

  - by PHP-Steven

  So I want to keep an eye on my network connectivity so I can make a report for my ISP. (seems like the modem goes out for about 30-60 seconds about once a day) So I copied this handy little script http://www.cyberciti.biz/tips/simple-linux-and-unix-system-monitoring-with-ping-command-and-scripts.html And an running it with watch -n 15 ./ping-test.sh I have been testing it by pulling the plug on my modem. The first time watch runs the script after the network goes out it runs fine (sends some email) and then goes defunct. Once networking is restored the script "finishes" and then watch runs it again. So I'm getting mail for when the network goes down, but not how long it was down for. If I run the script straight from the command line it runs (emails) and then exits. Any ideas why? How can I get the script to keep running once the network is down?

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• slow network in centos5 VM with centos5 host running KVM

  - by dan

  I setup KVM following the guide here: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/centos-rhel-linux-kvm-virtulization-tutorial/ I setup a bridged network and it worked fine except that the transfer speed is 200KB/s instead of the gigabit speed that I get on the host machine by itself. I tried editing the guest network settings to set "model=virtio" http://wiki.libvirt.org/page/Virtio but this just moves ifconfig-eth0 to ifconfig-eth0.bak in the VM and networking doesn't work at all. I tried moving ifconfig-eth0 back and starting up eth0, which works, but now the transfer speed is ~ 60KB/s I have no idea what else to try. Any suggestions would be greatly appreciated.

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• How to install gnome desktop from dvd on Centos 6 using command line?

  - by alwbtc

  I have installed Centos 6 to Virtualbox. Although I have chosen to install General Purpose Gnome Desktop, Gnome desktop does not start. All I get is a black and white text prompt. I would like to know how I can install Gnome Desktop from Centos dvd iso image? How do I mount the dvd image to virtual machine linux? How do I install Gnome desktop from command line? If I already have Gnome Desktop installed, why doesn't it start? How can I check from command line that I have Gnome installled? This virtual machine does not have internet connection, that's why I want to install the Gnome Desktop from dvd. Best Regards

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• Should websites live in /var/ or /usr/ according to recommended usage?

  - by nbolton

  According to a guide on the Linux directory structure, /usr/ is for application files, and /var/ is for files that change (I assume this means "files that belong to the applications"). Is this correct? If this is the case then I'm a little torn between using either. A website is an application (if it's dynamic, so to speak), but in other cases it is just a collection of files used by Apache. The default www dir lives in /var/www/, so should we follow suit by using /var/websites/ (or something similar), or choose /usr/websites/ since they could be applications? This is a very trivial question, but it's bugging me nonetheless. For our case, I'm leaning toward /usr/web or something like that, since our websites are all applications. Update: This is for our company websites; it's not a shared hosting server, so we don't need to worry about separating them in /home/ or anything like that.

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• "Supervising" syslog-ng in htop

  - by djechelon

  Hello, I was working at my server, when in htop I just noticed something unusual. The syslog-ng process was listed as follows supervising syslog-ng /sbin/syslog-ng I don't know what it means. I tried to do man supervising but found nothing. supervising command doesn't exist too. Googling, I found a page about launchtool, but I can't find neither it or its man page in my system. I'm curious What does that executable/command/whatever do? Why today did I read that line in htop? Thank you. PS: I was unsure about posting this to SU or SF: even if it's a server-related question, it covers general Linux.

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• Resolving DNS queries for two disconnected, private, networks

  - by Mikeage

  I'm trying to setup two PCs (one Windows, one Linux, but my understanding is that this problem is more DNS and less OS) as follows: Home network: 192.168.1.0/24 VPN (via OpenVPN server not within the home network): 192.168.2.0/24 . I would like a PC on both networks to be able to access three different types of site: Internet addresses Addresses on the home network Addresses on the vpn However, I'm not sure how/which DNS servers to use. If I prioritize my home DNS server, I can resolve (1) and (2), but not (3). If I prioritize my VPN DNS server, I can't resolve addresses of type (2). Of course, looking up addresses via nslookup and explicitly setting the correct server works, so I know my local DNS servers are OK. Is there any way I can set up my PCs to fallback on the second DNS server if there is no response? Alternatively, is there any way I can tell different queries to go to different servers [maybe by setting up different subdomains; foo.local.something vs. bar.vpn.something]? Thanks

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• Ubuntu: How to login without entering username and password

  - by torbengb

  I'm a newbie running Ubuntu 9.10. I have two users (wife and me), and each user's screensaver is set to lock so that on wakeup, we get to choose which user's desktop to go to. However, Ubuntu requires a password, so this is pretty tedious. I'd like to switch users without entering any password. I know about this trick that works for the boot login, but it doesn't deal with multiple users. Is it possible to set empty passwords for users in Ubuntu, or skip the password in other ways? (I'm expecting real Linux users to suggest that passwordless users must not get any rights and there be an admin user with a strong password. Yes, you're right. But that's not what this question is about. Thanks.)

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• Converting Inkscape layers directly to a slideshow presentation?

  - by darenw

  I'm creating a slideshow in Inkscape. There's one or more layer per slide, plus several background layers, and some special layers to be used on several slides in a row, etc. In the past, I'd create each slide as a .png image by turning on appropriate layers and exporting an image. This is tedious and easy to make mistakes. Is it possible to automate this? To enable the right layers and save all slides directly to a file format suitable for presenatations, such as .ppt, which I can give to anyone for display? The solution will have to work on Linux.

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• How to modify PATH variable for X11 during log-in?

  - by user1028435

  Original question is here: Overwriting "Print Screen" actions in linux without administrative rights. Decided to revise my question, based on what I learned there: Essentially, my problem is that I am working on some lab computers (read: no administrative rights) that, if I log in, I need to change the PATH variable as X11 starts. The reason is that I need to change the PATH variable at this time, as opposed to later, is that the Print Screen command seems to "bind" during login (forgive my bad explanation of this). You can see in the work-around I listed in the previous section, that I can make it work by starting a new X, but I was wondering if it is possible to change upon login. Any ideas?

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• QoS - split bandwidth across all IPs during high load

  - by Matthew Iselin

  We have a Linux-based router which is currently working fairly well, but our network only has a 1.5 mbps incoming connection. The network is small, but during high load periods some systems can end up dominating the bandwidth. For example, a client downloading a file can easily saturate the connection leaving everyone else with barely any access to the outside world. Naturally, I'd like to fix this. I believe a combination of iptables rules and tc is in order, but I have no idea how to go about distributing the bandwidth evenly across the clients. It would be nice if there was a way to divide the bandwidth only across clients that are actually utilising the connection as well, rather than hard limit each connection to (bandwidth / number of clients).

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• User Permissions: Daemon and User

  - by Eddie Parker

  Hello: I often run into this issue on Linux, and I'd love to know the proper way of solving it. Say I have a daemon running. In my example, I'll use LigHTTPD, a webserver. Some software, like Wordpress, enjoys having read/write access to files for updating applications via a web interface, which I think is quite handy. At the same time, I enjoy being able to hack on my files using vim, using my local user account, 'eddie'. Herein lies the rub. Either I chown everything to lighttpd or eddie and a shared group between them both, and chmod it 660, or perpetually sudo to edit the damned things. The former isn't a bad solution, until I create a new file in which case I have to remember to chmod it appropriately, or create some hack like a cron job that chmods for me. Is there an easier way of doing this? Have I overlooked something? Cheers, -e-

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• How can I dual boot a UEFI OS and a legacy boot OS, or convert stock Windows 8 to BIOS?

  - by The Great Widi

  I have a computer (HP Pavilion g6-2342dx) which came with Windows 8, and thus the new UEFI boot system. I would like to install a few OS's which are not EFI compatible, and Arch GNU/Linux with BIOS mode. However, I would not like to completely wipe all my files to set to legacy. My preferred options would be to: 1. Multiboot legacy OS alongside my EFI os 2. Convert Windows 8 and Ubuntu to legacy without reformatting or switching to MSDOS part table. If anyone could suggest a solution or a method, your help would be appreciated! Thanks!

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• Pysdm has disabled my ability to write to my storage partition

  - by Atlas

  I have a dual boot setup with Windows 7 and Mint 13 Cinnamon. As well as their respective partitions I also have a large one (NTFS) for storing all my music, videos, documents etc. I downloaded pysdm as I was told it would enable me to configure Linux to auto-mount my storage partition. It has indeed been helpful in auto-mounting my storage. However, since installing it I can no longer write to the partition which makes 500GB of my hard drive utterly useless! I've tried to unselect the "Mount file system in read only mode" option, but the program keeps re-checking it after I close that window (and even when I click apply). Why is it doing this and how can I get it to recognise that I need to read AND write on that partition?

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