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• In a virtual machine monitor such as VMware’s ESXi Server, how are shadow page tables implemented?

  - by ali01

  My understanding is that VMMs such as VMware's ESXi Server maintain shadow page tables to map virtual page addresses of guest operating systems directly to machine (hardware) addresses. I've been told that shadow page tables are then used directly by the processor's paging hardware to allow memory access in the VM to execute without translation overhead. I would like to understand a bit more about how the shadow page table mechanism works in a VMM. Is my high level understanding above correct? What kind of data structures are used in the implementation of shadow page tables? What is the flow of control from the guest operating system all the way to the hardware? How are memory access translations made for a guest operating system before its shadow page table is populated? How is page sharing supported? Short of straight up reading the source code of an open source VMM, what resources can I look into to learn more about hardware virtualization?

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• Utility to record IO statistics (random/sequential, block sizes, read/write ratio) in Unix

  - by Michael Pearson

  As part of provisioning our new server (see other SF) I'd like to find out the following: ratio of random to sequential reads & writes amount of data read & written at a time (pref in histogram form) I can already figure out our reads/writes on a per-operation and overall data level using iostat & dstat, but I'd like to know more. For example, I'd like to know that we're mostly random 16kb reads, or a lot of sequential 64kb reads with random writes. We're (currently) on an Ubuntu 10.04 VM. Is there a utility that I can run that will record and present this information for me?

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• Imap subfolders not shown in list command - perhaps acls misconfiguration

  - by mschenk74

  My goal is to copy the whole folder structure with all mails from one imap account to another. The tool I am using for this is imapcopy (the java based version from code.google.com since the unix/linux tool packaged with debian doesn't support imaps). Now, there is one problem: The tool only copies the top-level folders and not the nested ones. To narrow down the problem I have downloaded the source code of imapcopy and debugged into the code. There I noticed that the folder.list() (which is mapped to the list "%" imap command) returns an empty list. But when I do a getFolder(<subfoldername>) I can access those subfolders. After reading some documentation about the features of imap I think that the problem might be some misconfigured ACLs which prohibit the listing of those folders but allow to read ad write to them. How should I check this ACLs? which tools do I need for this task?

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• Prevent applications from being run as administrator

  - by Unsigned

  Background Most installation toolkits have the ability to launch, automatically or otherwise, external programs after installation. This is often appears in the installer via such options as "Show readme", or "Start program". Issue The problem is, many of these installers are poorly coded, and do not drop permissions appropriately, for example, opening the application's homepage in the browser... launching the browser with the installer's Administrative privileges, or a "High" UAC integrity level. This has the potential to open up security breaches, by opening up a webpage (and possibly browser addons), that are now running with elevated permissions. Question The question is: Is there a way to prevent certain applications (such as a web browser) from ever being launched with Administrative privileges, i.e., an automatic drop-privilege?

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• How do communcations through ports works

  - by user71866

  I was studying socket programming and certain questions came to my mind. These are some beginner level doubts Is it mandatory to to use well known port for a particular application. For example if i am using ssl, can i design a server to listen on 1000 rather than 443. For http we are connecting to port 80 from some other arbitrary port. Whys no port 80 to port 80 communcation. how a server responds to connections coming to it from different ports to its port 80. how many connections are possible to a particul

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• SSL encryption standards by browser

  - by hfidgen

  Hiya, Does anyone have a table of the default levels of encryption which the various browsers out there support? For instance I know that IE5 and lower struggle even to cope with 40 bit encryption but the latest browsers easily do 256 and beyond. The reason I ask is that I'm looking to get a wildcard certificate for my domain and the price difference is huge between a server gated certificate (where it enforces a minimum of 128bit) and a non-gated certificate (where the browser sets the encryption level). Obviously I like the idea of paying £300 less for the non-gated certificate, but only if I can be sure that the majority of my users (FF3 / Opera / Chrome / IE7+) are going to get good encryption.

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• Windows VPS/Cloud Host Recommendations?

  - by user18937

  As Hosting.com are no longer offerring Windows VPS accounts, we are looking for a new US based provider. Looking for something that offers standard Windows IIS hosting for a Dotnetnuke portal site with SQL Server Express or Web. Basic managed services for OS updates as well as regular backups required. Good level of support and solid uptime is critical. Budget in the $150-$200 month range but flexible depeding on quality and services offerred. Anyone have any suggestions and good feedback they can share? Currently looking at Jodohost as an option but would like some other possibilities as their support can be suspect at times we have found. A cloud solution in same range would also be an option.

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• Fed up of Server Admin - Want career change guidance

  - by JB04

  Hi All, I am SA in top level MNC and what I liked turned out to be my most disliked. I feel that I am capable of doing more than what I am doing at present. This 1 hour , 2 hour SLA is not my kind. I wanna get a better life.. The rotational shift is also something I am hating these days. Awkward shifts and too many process to follow. I have 3 years of Experience. I dont wanna waste this 3 yrs of experience I wanna get into OS developer or kind of so that this three years of experience is not wasted !! Please help me out

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• IP packet proxy solutions? Riverbed alternative

  - by Ruvan

  I have stumbled upon Riverbed.com's products which basically has the capability to hash chunks of IP data and subsequently store them to disk. I'm looking for an open source / cheaper alternative. WANProxy is the exact equivalent except that it only keeps data in-memory and can't store the data to disk which is a requirement for our solution. I'm basically looking for a proxy which not only looks at the files (filenames) but the data itself being transmitted at the packet level. Anyone? Thanks!

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• How to disable multiple form submit (POST) in IIS

  - by user1209640

  We had a major SharePoint outage a few months back because a user wedged their keyboard in such a way as to cause the Enter button to be pressed indefinitely. The user was on a customized people search page and hundreds of POSTs by the same user were submitted asynchronously, which overloaded the server. Because I work in a large organization, I am looking for a more global way to prevent this from happening. Is there a way to prevent multiple web form submissions by a common user within a short period of time within IIS? I am aware we can write javascript to disable the button after it is clicked, but we are hoping to prevent this issue from occurring on other pages where a similar possibility may exist. Update: It appears looking at the source code, the javascript is performing a document.location = url, whenever keycode 13 (Enter) is pressed. Again, we can write JS to prevent this in this location, but we also want to be able to guard against this kind of issue more generally... preferably at the IIS level.

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• How do you do the offsite hard drive backups?

  - by kentchen

  I have been doing hard drive backups for a while, which I believe a lot of you guys do as well, but am having trouble figuring out a better way storing them offsite. I am wondering how you guys out there do that. Any policy or tips & tricks when it comes to offsite store your backups, mainly hard drives not tapes. Thanks in advance. [update] Thanks for mentioning the online backup. We are actually in the middle of this process. And I 100% agree that it's the ultimate way to go. However, considering the cost, sometimes it may not be the option, as it's a quite expensive option if you also consider the application level. I guess online backup can be a very good one in the separate topic. :)

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• Our company has 100,000s+ photos, how to store and browse/find these efficiently?

  - by tobefound

  We currently store our photos in a structure like this: folder\1\10000 - 19999.JPG|ORF|TIF (10 000 files) folder\2\20000 - 29999.JPG|ORF|TIF (10 000 files) etc... They are stored on 4 different 2TB D-link NASes attached and shared on our office network (\\nas1, \\nas2, and so on...) Problems: 1) When a client (Windows only, Vista and 7) wishes to browse the let's say \\nas1\folder\1\ folder, performance is quite poor. A problem. List takes a long time to generate in explorer window. Even with icons turned off. 2) Initial access to the NAS itself is sometimes slow. Problem. SAN disks too expensive for us. Even with iSCSI interface/switch technology. I've read a lot of tech pages saying that storing 100 000+ files in one single folder shouldn't be a problem. But we don't dare go there now that we experience problems on a 10K level. All input greatly appreciated, /T

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• Visual Studio 2012 intermittent lockup

  - by user1892678

  Visual Studio 2012 intermittently locks up on me. I notice that devenv.exe jumps to 50% CPU utilization. The CPU stays at this level for a few minutes and then drops. While its at 50% utilization I can still use the IDE. However, intermittently it stops responding (as though it was performing some sort of background process). It only lasts for a few seconds. Also this happens when debugging. I'm running under Windows 7 and I'm using Telerik controls. I've disabled add-ins and extensions and have had no success. Any ideas would be appreciated? Thanks

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• Enterprise Data Center System Admin/Engineer to Server Ratio

  - by Bob

  I know there have been similar questions asked over the last few months however looking at a Data Center Operations and know there are some really smart people out there that might be able to help. Looking for some staffing best practices based on first hand experience and was hoping that there is some experience in this area that can provide "best practice" application: Three High Availability (99.99% plus) Enterprise Level Data Centers geographically dislocated, one manned 24x7x365, one lights out, one co-location running HOT-HOT-HOT supporting a global community. More than 2,000 operating systems consisting of 95% Windows, 5% Linux and Solaris, 45% virtualized, more than 100TB storage. No desktop support, no Network Administration (administrated separately), running N+1 and serving more than 250 Billion page views annually. Based on experience what has been your experience with Server to "Data Center System Administrator/Engineer" ratio? Thanks in advance for your responses.

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• Windows/global setting to allow only SSL when on public Wifi?

  - by hungry

  Rather than going through each of my apps and modifying settings, or tweaking individual browser settings (I use three different browsers) or just being careful not to type non-SSL URLs into the web address bar, is there a solution at the Windows level that will prevent anything from connecting to the web from my laptop unless it's using SSL? I also have mini apps installed like Gmail checker, etc that connect to the web of their own volition using my usernames, passwords and such, so it goes beyond just web browsers. The reason I'm asking is I want to work securely on the general Internet when on public Wifi (e.g. coffee shops) without a lot of hassle or having to remember everything that needs to be locked down. When I'm back home I want to go back to full access mode using any kind of protocol on the web. If a website doesn't support SSL when I'm out in public then I just don't surf it - that's not a worry to me.

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• How to get a windows domain server to recognize a linux machine by its name?

  - by CaCl

  In my company I ran into an issue where we have a linux machine that serves up a Subversion repository. Its hooked up via LDAP to the Active Directory. We got an account setup for an application and they set the Limited Workstations up so it didn't have full access to the network. The problem is that even though the hostname for our machine resolves correctly for me, the credentials for the application account seem to come back as not being allowed based on the name (the error was related to authorized workstations). I don't have access to any of the domain servers but it might be helpful to come at the management or high-level techs with some ideas, they don't seem to have a solution besides allowing all workstations for the user. Does anyone have any idea on how to get my linux machine to properly identify itself with the Domain machine by name?

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• pine sometimes not update new received emails

  - by Tim

  Hi, I am using pine on a KUbuntu linux email server to check my emails. Most of the time when I am under "Inbox", the list of emails is updated automatically so I don't have to do things like pushing the refresh button when I am under web. But sometimes it does not and I have to type "<" to go to the upper level and then select "Inbox" to enter again into the inbox directory to find out that I do receive new emails that are not shown previously. I was wondering what the problem is? Thanks and regards!

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• pine sometimes not update new received emails

  - by Tim

  Hi, I am using pine on a KUbuntu linux email server to check my emails. Most of the time when I am under "Inbox", the list of emails is updated automatically so I don't have to do things like pushing the refresh button when I am under web. But sometimes it does not and I have to type "<" to go to the upper level and then select "Inbox" to enter again into the inbox directory to find out that I do receive new emails that are not shown previously. I was wondering what the problem is? Thanks and regards!

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• Is the community MySQL safe for production use?

  - by n_kips

  Or Will I need to get the enterprise version? This is because I found this on MySQL's site: If you are running a MySQL production level system, we would like to direct your attention to the product description of MySQL Enterprise Edition at: http://mysql.com/products/enterprise/ When I check the features, it seems like the community edition does not support transactions, while the enterprise version does. If it is true that the community edition is not right for production, then it seems like posgresql may be my way out, for it supports transactions and it is fully opensource. Will the sql syntax need to change (much) if I have to change? Thank you.

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• online to do list manager with subtasks

  - by alex

  I'm looking for an online task list tool, what I absolutely need is the infinite number of subtask levels, because that's how my mind works. I don't need collaboration. There are a lot of great to do list sites out there, but for some reason most of them have only one subtask level or no subtasks at all. I know about todoist, but its interface doesn't work for me. There must be many more, I guess. Links to desktop tools with the feature are also appreciated as long as they are cross-platform.

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• Organize Outlook email (delete messages that have been replied to)

  - by Les

  Imagine the scenario where you and I converse on a subject via email. Each time we reply to the other's email, we include all the message along with our response. If we strictly alternate our replies, then clearly I can delete all but the last message and retain the entire conversation. Now add several more people to this scenario and remove the strict alternation of replies such that the latest message no longer contains the entire conversation. Is there a tool that can delete messages in the thread such that the entire thread can be reviewed with a minimum number of messages? Or, take it to the next level and merge all responses in such a way as to preserve the entire conversation in a single message.

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• tomcat processParameters complains about "invalid chunk ignored"

  - by cgicgi

  I am hosting a software system running under tomcat for quite a number of customers. Some of these send invalid URLs as request. These URLs may contain "&=" or "&&", which is not within the http specs. Now my tomcat complains about the following: "08.09.2010 12:36:04 org.apache.tomcat.util.http.Parameters processParameters WARNING: Parameters: Invalid chunk '' ignored." It is no problem, as is doesn't affect the operation in any way. Only problem ist that the tomcat/logs/catalina.out is growing with every single request. In the net you can find suggestions like: - Fix your URLs (which I can't, as it is the customers who send them) - Raise tomcats log level to ERROR (which I don't want to do, as it would suppress INFO like "INFO: Reloading context [/ContextName]" and other stuff you want to know. - Redirect the log to the application log (which won't solve the problem, as the message will flood just another log) Does anyone know how to solve the problem at its ROOT, which means: Tell tomcat not to complain about invalid request parameters any longer

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• Where are iSCSI and volume information location on ESX 4.0?

  - by sec_goat

  Let me start by saying I am somewhat of a Vmware novice, I know just enought to manage and create servers at a basic level from the vSphere client. I have a VMWare server, ESX 4.0 connected over iSCSI to a SAN. The SAN is being used as storage for both RDMs and VMFS volumes. The SAN has died and I ordered a new one. Where can I see the settings related to the iSCSI and volume configuration so that I can try and replicate them on the new SAN when it arrives?

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• Which free open source CPanel and WHM alternatives do you recommend/use?

  - by Keyframe

  I have been using webmin for some time now, however I miss the elegance and ease of WHM/CPanel combo I've had on shared hosting (and later dedicated hosting) platform. Looking around the web, all I have found that is somewhat at the level of WHM/CPanel was webmin - but WHM/CPanel it is not. Since I'm using this only for our projects, it doesn't matter in the end really. However, we do put our new customers on our servers too, so some sort of CPanel might be an easier thing for them to cope with (mostly going about Email accounts stuff and such). Currently my stack is LAMP (CentOS and Ubuntu Server - several machines, probably ditching CentOS soon in favor of Ubuntu). There is a prospect of Python/Django instead of PHP, but it might take awhile.

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• strange memory usage pattern on windows server 2008 on login through remote desktop..

  - by headsling

  I'm running Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Service Pack 2 on a VM Ware instance with 10Gb ram allocated. I'm not running IIS or SQL Server. Under 'normal' conditions, the machine uses ~5.5Gb of memory. However, when I login to the server through remote desktop, the memory usage slowly climbs up to 9.8Gb of memory in use. After several minutes the memory slowly creeps back down to the 5.5Gb mark. I've tried killing all the processes associated with my login, on login, barring the taskmanager without success, and I can't see any process that is growing in memory usage when the memory is increasing. I'm assuming this is some system level cache that is growing / shrinking... but why is it doing this?

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