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• Should a sysadmin contractor charge overtime for off-peak hours?

  - by Jakobud

  This is not necessarily a server-related question, but more of a system admin question that I think would related to many on SF. I'm doing Sysadmin/IT consulting for a small company. I only work about 3 days a week for them on average. If a server goes down or something like that during off hours (nights, weekends, 3am, etc) and they need it fixed during those time periods, should I be charging overtime for that? I would I not be justified in charging overtime until I've logged 40 hours for the week? Perhaps calling it overtime isn't the best name. I guess maybe its better to call it an off-peak hourly rate. Anyways I just was curious what other consultants did in these circumstances.

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• external pop email relay

  - by Pixman

  I want to offer to my customer this possibility : get her pop3 emails from external pop3 server forward the news emails to the new external pop3 server I have find lot of tools for sync imap accounts, or sync pop to imap, but i just want get pop and send to another email adress ! I search a answer for linux ( if i can make a simple daemon for make it's it's good ). Thanks a lot for your help. edit for more detail : For simplify my question, in my use case, it's just want to connect as client via pop protocol ( like a mail app ). And i check news emails, and forward to other email adress. I search about an app or code for create this on linux. In this situation have no access to mailbox dirs, or server configuration ( in this case i have already the answer by create a qmail hook ) Maybe, it's not the good website ? my question must be post on the stackoverflow part ?

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• How can I judge the suitability of modern processors for systems with specific CPU requirements?

  - by Iszi

  Inspired by this question: How do I calculate clock speed in multi-core processors? The answers in the above question do a fair job of explaining why a lower-speed multi-core processor won't necessarily perform at the same level as a higher-speed single-core processor. Example: 4*2=8, but a quad-core 2 GHz processor isn't necessarily as fast as a single-core 8 GHz processor. However, I'm having a hard time putting the information in those answers to practical use in my mind. Particularly, I want to know how it should be used to judge whether a given CPU is appropriate for an application with specific requirements. Example scenarios: An application has a minimum CPU requirement of 2.4 GHz dual-core. Another application has a minimum CPU requirement of 1.8 GHz single-core. For either of the above scenarios: Would a higher-speed processor with fewer cores, or a lower-speed processor with more cores, be equally sufficient? If so, how can we determine the appropriate processor speeds required for a given number of cores?

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• Multisession burn in Imgburn

  - by blntechie

  Is Multisession burn available in Imgburn? If not, any idea whether it will be implemented in future? I almost recommended Imgburn instead of Nero or Roxio to one of my friend. He requires multisession burning and I found no options to enable it,if available in Options. Note: Please don't question the question. Like, Why would you want multisession anyway? or Isn't USB stick/RW Disk is what you need instead of a RO CD/DVD? Please keep the answers in context. I know that I can use USB sticks instead of CD/DVD and my friend require mulisession anyway. May be I can ask him to keep Nero as a backup for this purpose if Imgburn don't support this.

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• Creating a chain of certificates

  - by StackedCrooked

  This question is a follow up to my previous question, which was, in retrospect, not completely answered: http://superuser.com/questions/126121/how-to-create-my-own-certificate-chain. I'll represent my certificate chain like this: ROOT - A - B - C - ... I am now able to create the ROOT and A certificates, but I didn't succeed in continueing the chain. My command for creating the root certificate is: openssl req -new -newkey rsa:1024 -nodes -out ca.csr -keyout ca.key openssl x509 -trustout -signkey ca.key -days 365 -req -in ca.csr -out ca.pem Certificate A: openssl genrsa -out client.key 1024 openssl req -new -key client.key -out client.csr openssl ca -in client.csr -out client.cer This command depends on the root certificate implicitly using the data found in the openssl config file. Certificate B will only rely on A, so the previous command won't work here. How can I complete the chain?

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• Is there a command line (or autohotkey) way of dismounting a USB drive?

  - by justintime

  I find dismounting a USB drive takes far too many mouse clicks for my liking. Is there are command line way of doing it (XP and Vista)? Addition I have an eye condition that makes hand mouse coordination difficult so any suggestion that there aren't too many clicks will be downvoted as not answering my question. However I use AutoHotkey a lot and one use case would be to call it from an AHK script. So if there is a way to code it in AHK that will do. Added this to the tags. Further question - is it safe to remove a disk when the computer is a. on Standby or b. Hibernated. I recall that W2000 got uspet if you pulled a disk from a hibernated machine. Or is it better to explicitly dismount or sync before you hibernate or standby - prabably in a script.

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• Are there any sFTP clients that support a proxy that uses NTLM authentication?

  - by Iraklis

  The title pretty much summarizes the question. We have deployed an sFTP server that needs to be accessed from our client's MS Windows Pc's that reside within a restricted local area network. The only way they can get out for their Intranet is to use an HTTP proxy that requires NTLM authentication. From what I understand all open-source sFTP clients (FilleZilla,WinSCP,etc) do NOT support NTLM authentication (Because of legal issues). I know that there are workarounds to this (installing a local proxy at the machine that understands NTLM) but this would break all sorts of security policies of our client. So my question is : Does anyone know of any sFTP client that supports a NTLM Proxy?

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• Network monitoring solution

  - by Hellfrost

  Hello Serverfault ! I have a big distributed system I need to monitor. Background: My system is comprised of two servers, concentrating and controlling the system. Each server is connected to a set of devices (some custom kind of RF controllers, doesnt matter to my question), each device connects to a network switch, and eventually all devices talk to the servers, the protocol between the servers and the devices is UDP, usually the packets are very small, but there are really a LOT of packets. the network is also somewhat complex, and is deployed on a large area physically. i'll have 150-300 of these devices, each generating up to 100+ packets per second, and several network switches, perhaps on 2 different subnets. Question I'm looking for some solution that will allow me to monitor all this mess, how many packets are sent, where, how do they move through the network, bandwidth utilization, throughput, stuff like that. what would you recommend to achieve this? BTW Playing nice with windows is a requirement.

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• Internet Explorer cannot display page from apache with single SSL virtual host

  - by P.scheit

  I have a question that has come up somehow in different questions but I still can't find the solution, yet. My problem is that I'm hosting a site on apache 2.4 on debian with SSL and Internet Explorer 7 on windows xp shows Internet Explorer cannot display the webpage I have only ONE virtual host that uses ssl, but DIFFERENT virtual hosts that use http. Here is my config for the site with SSL enabled (etc/sites-avaible/default-ssl is NOT linked) <Virtualhost xx.yyy.86.193:443> ServerName www.my-certified-domain.de ServerAlias my-certified-domain.de DocumentRoot "/var/local/www/my-certified-domain.de/current/www" Alias /files "/var/local/www/my-certified-domain.de/current/files" CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.my-certified-domain.de.log combined <Directory "/var/local/www/my-certified-domain.de/current/www"> AllowOverride All </Directory> SSLEngine on SSLCertificateFile /etc/ssl/certs/www.my-certified-domain.de.crt SSLCertificateKeyFile /etc/ssl/private/www.my-certified-domain.de.key SSLCipherSuite HIGH:MEDIUM:!aNULL:+SHA1:+MD5:+HIGH:+MEDIUM SSLCertificateChainFile /etc/apache2/ssl.crt/www.my-certified-domain.de.ca BrowserMatch "MSIE [2-8]" nokeepalive downgrade-1.0 force-response-1.0 </VirtualHost> <VirtualHost *:80> ServerName www.my-certified-domain.de ServerAlias my-certified-domain.de CustomLog /var/log/apache2/access.my-certified-domain.de.log combined Redirect permanent / https://www.my-certified-domain.de/ </VirtualHost> my ports.conf looks like this: NameVirtualHost *:80 Listen 80 <IfModule mod_ssl.c> # If you add NameVirtualHost *:443 here, you will also have to change # the VirtualHost statement in /etc/apache2/sites-available/default-ssl # to <VirtualHost *:443> # Server Name Indication for SSL named virtual hosts is currently not # supported by MSIE on Windows XP. Listen 443 </IfModule> <IfModule mod_gnutls.c> Listen 443 </IfModule> the output from apache2ctl -S is like this: xx.yyy.86.193:443 www.my-certified-domain.de (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/020-my-certified-domain.de:1) wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server phpmyadmin.my-certified-domain.de (/etc/apache2/conf.d/phpmyadmin.conf:3) port 80 namevhost phpmyadmin.my-certified-domain.de (/etc/apache2/conf.d/phpmyadmin.conf:3) port 80 namevhost staging.my-certified-domain.de (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/010-staging.my-certified-domain.de:1) port 80 namevhost testing.my-certified-domain.de (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/015-testing.my-certified-domain.de:1) port 80 namevhost www.my-certified-domain.de (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/020-my-certified-domain.de:31) I included the solution for this question: Internet explorer cannot display the page, other browsers can, possibly htaccess / server error And I understand the answer from this question: How to setup Apache NameVirtualHost on SSL? In fakt: I only have one ssl certificate for the domain. And I only want to run ONE virtual host with ssl. So I just want to use the one ip for the ssl virtual host. But still (after rebooting / restarting / testing) internet explorer will still not show the page. When I intepret the apachectl -S as well, I already have only one SSL host and this should response to the initial SSH handshake, shouldn't it? What is wrong in this setup? Thank you so much Philipp

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• How can I check whether a volume is mounted where it is supposed to be using Python?

  - by Ben Hymers

  I've got a backup script written in Python which creates the destination directory before copying the source directory to it. I've configured it to use /external-backup as the destination, which is where I mount an external hard drive. I just ran the script without the hard drive being turned on (or being mounted) and found that it was working as normal, albeit making a backup on the internal hard drive, which has nowhere near enough space to back itself up. My question is: how can I check whether the volume is mounted in the right place before writing to it? If I can detect that /external-backup isn't mounted, I can prevent writing to it. The bonus question is why was this allowed, when the OS knows that directory is supposed to live on another device, and what would happen to the data (on the internal hard drive) should I later mount that device (the external hard drive)? Clearly there can't be two copies on different devices at the same path! Thanks in advance!

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• Exchange Public Folders in Snow Leopard Mail.app

  - by W_P

  I am using Mail.app (running snow leopard) to connect to my email account on my school's Exchange 2007 server. I get my Inbox just fine, and iCal connects to my Outlook Calendar just fine, but I cannot seem to get any of the Exchange Public Folders that I can automatically see when I am using Outlook on a Windows box. The Account Type is shown as "Exchange 2007" I did not have any luck Googling this problem, in fact most of the results I saw were dealing with the opposite problem: Remove MS Exchange Public Folders I am aware that my question is a duplicate of this: http://superuser.com/questions/103115/apple-mail-app-all-exchange-folders-not-visible but since that question did not get any responses, I am reposting.

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• USB Virtual RAM is not working properly

  - by Haseeb Anwar

  This images are help u in solving my question.1I have installed Windows 7 64 bit. I have made a virtual USB RAM but it is not working properly. First I go to the USB PropertiesReady Boost. Use this device as a virtual RAM and then click Apply then Ok. then I go to My Computer PropertiesAdvance system settingsAdvance(tab)SettingsAdvanceChange. When i click on change button the USB is not here. What can I do. Please answer my question.

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• Reverse bash console text flow

  - by radman

  Hi, This is a bit of a weird question and I'm not sure that there is any easy answer to it but I am very interested in finding a solution. So when I work on a linux machine via a console I find that I am constantly staring at the bottom of the screen, as once you have executed a bunch of commands text fills toward the bottom. Now I find that this is decidedly not good for my neck and it would be far better if instead of scrolling to the bottom, the text would scroll to the top instead. So does anyone out there know if there is a way to reverse the direction text appears in a console? (note that i am aware of the clear command) Example: default behaviour user@machine:~$ command 1 user@machine:~$ command 2 user@machine:~$ command 3 user@machine:~$ __active_prompt__ desired behaviour user@machine:~$ __active_prompt__ user@machine:~$ command 3 user@machine:~$ command 2 user@machine:~$ command 1 Running Kubuntu 10.04 using Konsole I realise this is an odd question, thanks for any help.

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• Unable to logoff, disconnect, or reset terminal server user in production environment

  - by l0c0b0x

  I'm looking for some ideas on how to disconnect, logoff, or reset a user's session in a 2008 Terminal Server (unable to login as the user either as it is completely locked-up). This is a production environment, so rebooting the server or doing something system-wide is out of the question for now. Any Powershell tricks to help us with this? We've tried to disconnect, log the user off and reset the session as well as killing the session's processes too, directly from the same terminal server (from the task manager, Terminal Services Manager and the Resource Monitor) with no results. Help! UPDATE: We ended up rebooting the server as no other attempts that we could think of worked. I'll leave this question open hoping someone might have more information about this one issue, and it's potential fixes

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• Finding how a hacked server was hacked

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I was just browsing through the site and found this question: My server's been hacked EMERGENCY. Basically the question says: My server has been hacked. What should I do? The best answer is excellent but it raised some questions in my mind. One of the steps suggested is to: Examine the 'attacked' systems to understand how the attacks succeeded in compromising your security. Make every effort to find out where the attacks "came from", so that you understand what problems you have and need to address to make your system safe in the future. I have done no system admin work so I have no idea how I would start doing this. What would be the first step? I know that you could look in the server log files but as an attacker the first thing that I would do would be errasing the log files. How would you "understand" how the attacks succeeded?

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• SharePoint 2007: Moving main site, to be a subsite - How can urls be redirected/changed?

  - by program247365

  The setup: SharePoint 2007 (MOSS Enterprise) on WINSVR03/IIS6 One site collection, with one access mapping (http://mainsite) currently I'm moving the main SharePoint site, in our one site collection, to be a subsite in a new site collection. I'm using SharePoint Content Deployment Wizard to complete this task (http://spdeploymentwizard.codeplex.com/). The Question So the main site http://mainsite being moved has many subsites, etc. I want to be sure that urls like this: http://mainsite/subsite/doclib/doc1.docx map to and redirect to the new url: http://newsite/mainsite/subsite/doclib/doc1.docx ? And furthermore: I'm aware of this - http://rdacollaboration.codeplex.com/releases/view/28073 , however is it IIS7 only? That'd wouldn't work for me. Looking at this question - http://serverfault.com/questions/107537/dealing-with-moved-documents-and-sites-in-sharepoint is the only one I see that is similar. Would an IIS redirect of http://mainsite to http://newsite/mainsite work only for the root url?

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• Mac OS X: Trying to install prolog using fink

  - by sixtyfootersdude

  I am trying to install prolog on Mac OS X 10.4.11. I just downloaded fink because I think that that should help me and I am trying to get either: Package swi-prolog-5.8.1-2 or Package gprolog-1.3.1-1 But I am not having any luck. Here is what I was doing: % fink install swi-prolog-5.8.1-2 Information about 1723 packages read in 0 seconds. Failed: no package found for specification 'swi-prolog-5.8.1-2'! % Question 1: Are these what I want to download? Question 2: Why isn't fink working?

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• Blocking a country (mass iP Ranges), best practice for the actual block

  - by kwiksand

  Hi all, This question has obviously been asked many times in many different forms, but I can't find an actual answer to the specific plan I've got. We run a popular European Commercial deals site, and are getting a large amount of incoming registrations/traffic from countries who cannot even take part in the deals we offer (and many of the retailers aren't even known outside Western Europe). I've identified the problem area to block a lot of this traffic, but (as expected) there are thousands of ip ranges required. My question now (finally!). On a test server, I created a script to block each range within iptables, but the amount of time it took to add the rules was large, and then iptables was unresponsive after this (especially when attempting a iptables -L). What is the most efficient way of blocking large numbers of ip ranges: iptables? Or a plugin where I can preload them efficiantly? hosts.deny? .htaccess (nasty as I'd be running it in apache on every load balanced web server)? Cheers

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• How can I make Windows XP bootable again?

  - by Scott Severance

  Some time ago, I replaced my hard drive. Foolishly, I imaged the individual partitions, not the entire drive. That meant that my system was unbootable. For my primary OS (Linux), that was no problem as I could simply re-run GRUB. However Windows XP remains unbootable. The machine in question is a netbook which doesn't have a CD drive or a restore partition, so I can't boot from a Windows CD and run fixmbr. How can I fix Windows? Here's a picture of what I see when I try to boot Windows from the GRUB menu: I don't actually have an XP CD, since of my two machines, the netbook in question has neither a restore partition nor a CD, and my other XP machine only came with a restore partition. So I'll also need a way to get hold of the necessary files.

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• How to obtain a count of open files from server, hosting an NFS share

  - by Aaron

  Question: How to obtain a list/count of open files, by NFS clients, from NFS server on Solaris 10

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• Secure copying (file transfer) between two Linux servers in the same datacenter (Linode)

  - by MountainX

  I have two Linodes in the same data center. I want to copy files from one to the other each night or on demand (for about the next month, until this project is finished). So I'm thinking about using rsync. My question is how do I set up the two Linode servers to communicate via private IP addresses securely? Both servers are SSH hardened, they use denyhosts and have a fairly restrictive iptables setup. I know I need to first assign private IP addresses to each server, then configure static networking according to this guide. What is next? What SSH or iptables settings are needed to allow these two servers to communicate? What further info do I need to supply in this question? I'm looking for a basic step-by-step guide for how to do this.

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• Hot-swap drive got new name, can I change it on-the-fly?

  - by T.J. Crowder

  One of the HDDs in my server's RAID config failed, so I took it out of the array and had the data center hot-swap it. They've done that, but now the new drive is /dev/sdc rather than /dev/sda. I suspect — correct me if I'm wrong — that if I reboot the server, it will be /dev/sda again, so I'm hesitant to add it back to the array as /dev/sdc because I don't want to lay a trap for myself to fall into on the next reboot. I'd just as soon not reboot the server if I don't need to (if I do need to, well, too bad for me). Is there a way I can change the device name from /dev/sdc to /dev/sda without rebooting? This is on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. It's an md array ("Linux Software RAID"), where currently one of the devices (there are a couple of them) looks like this ("degraded" because I've removed the old /dev/sda from it): # mdadm --detail /dev/md0 /dev/md0: Version : 00.90.03 Creation Time : Sun Oct 11 21:07:54 2009 Raid Level : raid1 Array Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Used Dev Size : 97536 (95.27 MiB 99.88 MB) Raid Devices : 2 Total Devices : 1 Preferred Minor : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Thu Jun 30 09:31:16 2011 State : clean, degraded Active Devices : 1 Working Devices : 1 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 UUID : 496be7a5:ab9177ed:7792c71e:7dc17aa4 Events : 0.112 Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 8 17 0 active sync /dev/sdb1 1 0 0 1 removed Thanks, Update: Reading through the kernel md documentation, I suspect that if the name changes on reboot, it won't matter. (Good design, that.) Here's why: Boot time autodetection of RAID arrays When md is compiled into the kernel (not as module), partitions of type 0xfd are scanned and automatically assembled into RAID arrays. This autodetection may be suppressed with the kernel parameter "raid=noautodetect". As of kernel 2.6.9, only drives with a type 0 superblock can be autodetected and run at boot time. The kernel parameter "raid=partitionable" (or "raid=part") means that all auto-detected arrays are assembled as partitionable. I do have md compiled into the kernel, so I'm rebuilding the array now and will do the reboot to see what happens. Even if it works, the above doesn't answer the question I actually asked, so unless someone comes along and answers that question in the meantime (I'd be interested, even if it's not necessary for what I'm doing this very moment), I'll just delete the question to keep noise down.

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• Where can I find a list of the highest resolution monitors for sale?

  - by speedmetal

  I am always on the lookout for the latest and greatest monitors, but for some reason, I have never found a good resource for this information. And while we know months in advance what new processor will be released, it doesn't seem like we ever know what new monitors will be released until they are. I am tempted to buy a Dell 3008WFP, but since the 30" 2560x1600 monitors have been out for 6 years, I would expect something better is about to be released. Where can I find out what is available in the high resolution / widescreen market and what is soon to be released? EDIT: I did finally find a resource for this information: Comprehensive List of IPS Based LCD Monitors However, if anyone finds another similar or possibly better resource, I will give it a correct answer mark. Thanks!

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• Can I remove the ctrl-z key binding in my shell?

  - by Nagel

  The background for this question: I currently have to do a lot of my work in terminal over ssh, and I use screen quite a bit. Because I found the ctrl-a key binding for screen commands so annoying since I'm accustomed to using ctrl-a to go to the beginning of a line, I changed it to ctrl-z. The only problem with this is that when I'm in Matlab, think I am in Screen but am not, pressing ctrl-z will instantly kill my Matlab session, because ctrl-z is the key binding for suspending processes in *nix. So the question is: can I remove the key binding for ctrl-z in my shell so that it does no longer suspend a process? My shell is terminal.app on OSX.

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• Chrome developer tools - network panel gaps

  - by Chris Nicholson

  In the Chrome developer tools, under the network tab, I'm curious to know what is happening during the gaps. If you look at my image below, I have highlighted in orange the areas where these gaps exist. Where I'm able to load a lot of my page from cache it's a shame these large gaps occur as they make up most of my page load time. What exactly is happening in this time? EDIT Okay I found this answer which essentially sums up my question, so a different question: does anyone know a good method to reduce the length of these gaps? Presumably (albeit rather extreme) if I loaded all my CSS on the page there wouldn't be a delay after loading the CSS file before the images were loaded.

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