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  • Cisco ASA 5505 site to site IPSEC VPN won't route from multiple LANs

    - by franklundy
    Hi I've set up a standard site to site VPN between 2 ASA 5505s (using the wizard in ASDM) and have the VPN working fine for traffic between Site A and Site B on the directly connected LANs. But this VPN is actually to be used for data originating on LAN subnets that are one hop away from the directly connected LANs. So actually there is another router connected to each ASA (LAN side) that then route to two completely different LAN ranges, where the clients and servers reside. At the moment, any traffic that gets to the ASA that has not originated from the directly connected LAN gets sent straight to the default gateway, and not through the VPN. I've tried adding the additional subnets to the "Protected Networks" on the VPN, but that has no effect. I have also tried adding a static route to each ASA trying to point the traffic to the other side, but again this hasn't worked. Here is the config for one of the sites. This works for traffic to/from the 192.168.144.x subnets perfectly. What I need is to be able to route traffic from 10.1.0.0/24 to 10.2.0.0/24 for example. ASA Version 8.0(3) ! hostname Site1 enable password ** encrypted names name 192.168.144.4 Site2 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.144.2 255.255.255.252 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 10.78.254.70 255.255.255.252 (this is a private WAN circuit) ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Ethernet0/2 ! interface Ethernet0/3 ! interface Ethernet0/4 ! interface Ethernet0/5 ! interface Ethernet0/6 ! interface Ethernet0/7 ! passwd ** encrypted ftp mode passive access-list inside_access_in extended permit ip any any access-list outside_access_in extended permit icmp any any echo-reply access-list outside_1_cryptomap extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.144.0 255.255.255.252 Site2 255.255.255.252 pager lines 24 logging enable logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 asdm image disk0:/asdm-603.bin no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 access-group inside_access_in in interface inside access-group outside_access_in in interface outside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.78.254.69 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy aaa authentication ssh console LOCAL http server enable http 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside http 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0 inside no snmp-server location no snmp-server contact snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto map outside_map 1 match address outside_1_cryptomap crypto map outside_map 1 set pfs crypto map outside_map 1 set peer 10.78.254.66 crypto map outside_map 1 set transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 no crypto isakmp nat-traversal telnet timeout 5 ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 outside ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 management-access inside threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics port threat-detection statistics protocol threat-detection statistics access-list group-policy DfltGrpPolicy attributes vpn-idle-timeout none username enadmin password * encrypted privilege 15 tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 type ipsec-l2l tunnel-group 10.78.254.66 ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key * ! ! prompt hostname context

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  • WDS DHCP same server on Windows Server 2008

    - by Richard
    I have been struggling with a problem on my Windows Server 2008 for the past 4 - 5 hours and cannot figure out whats wrong. I have tried pretty much everything that I found on google and all the links are purple. Hopefully you guys can help me. I am running a Windows Server 2008 Standard edition with the latest updates as of today. Furthermore I am running a Windows Server 2003. Both are virtual machines on my ESXi 5 server. My network is: 192.168.10.0/24 W2k8: 192.168.10.251 is the PDC running ADS, DHCP and WDS W2k3: 192.168.10.253 AND 192.168.1.175 running Routing and Remote Access and ISA 2006 Enterprise In my internal network (192.168.10.0/24) I have my client machine (192.168.10.10) that runs a VMWare Workstation. I am trying to deploy Windows 7 Home Premium to a virtual machine on my VMWorkstation via PXE. I have set the Workstation's VM network adapter to "bridged" so that it uses the physical network adapter and is connected to my internal network. The DHCP pool is configured to give IP addresses from 192.168.10.10-192.168.10.15 (works for normal clients and is not used up) When I start my VM with the PXE I get the error: PXE-E52:proxyDHCP offers were received. No DHCP offers were received Apperently this means "that means that WDS responded but the DHCP server did not." People suggested to direct the traffic to both WDS and DHCP on the router, since everything is on the same subnet there is no need for that as the broadcast is seen by everyone (WDS and DHCP) No reservation for the virtual mac addrs is made on the DHCP. Furthermore it was suggested to configure the DHCP options: Option 60= PXEClient Option 66= WDS server name or IP address Option 67= Boot file name However, this is not recommended by Microsoft, I tried it and it did not solve my problem. The configuration on the WDS (My System is German therefore the actual naming might be different): PXE response tab: PXE responses is set to "ALL (known and unknown)" DHCP Tab: Do not listen to port 67 is NOT ticked - if I tick this I do not get any responses and the PXE errors gets PXE-E51 that neither DHCP or proxyDHCP were received DHCP-Option 60 for "PXEClient" is ticked The confusing part here is that it is advised in the tab to tick the first option since it is on the same server. Network Configuration Tab: Use the following IP-Address range for Multicast-IP-Address: 224.0.1.0 - 224.0.10.0 Thats not the default one, however it is in the allowed range. The UDP port range is the default since it is not advised to change them. I tried to change the "networkprofile" from 100mbits/1gbits and custom. I am running a 1gbit network with CAT6 cables and 1gbit netgear switch 5 ports. Everything is configured to use 1gbit. The WDS is authorised for the DHCP server. My ISA 2006 configuration: For the internal networking i have configured the following policy array: Allow protocols on internal network including the w2k3 host: 67,68,53,ICMP, 4011 UDP receive, 64001-6500 UDP send receive, 69 UDP send Routing and Remote Access I tried the DHCP relay agent configuration that was suggested as well, but that did not work I would highly appreciate anykind of help because I am pretty much done here with my nerves. Thank you very much in advance.

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  • How should I ask for help in getting my emails to stop bouncing?

    - by Gregg Williams
    For several months, people have been telling me that emails they sent to me have been bouncing back, marked as undeliverable. The bounce message would contain portions like this: Final-Recipient: rfc822;[email protected] Action: failed Status: 5.7.1 Diagnostic-Code: smtp;550 5.7.1 <[email protected]>... Recipient declines email from 69.64.159.2, <spamhaus-xbl>, Ref: http://www.spamhaus.org/query/bl?ip=69.64.159.2 Clicking the link on the last line, the destination page told me that "this IP address is infected with/emitting spamware/spamtrojan traffic and needs to be fixed." I could temporarily de-list this node by clicking a link on that page, but it would get back on the list and more emails to me to bounce. I own a domain, innerpaths.net, and I normally use [email protected] for my email. I have my domain registrar, namecheap.com, forward all email from innerpaths.net to the email account [email protected]. (BTW, I had this same problem at a former registrar. I changed registrars, hoping that would fix the problem. It didn't.) Trying to isolate the problem, I asked namecheap.com what I should do. Their answer, though substantial, left me scratching my head: We have received feedback from our upstream provider which informed us that the mail server that you are trying to email subscribes to a 3rd party blacklist service which they appear to be listed on at the present time and is causing destination mail server to reject the messages. Being blocked with one of these services can happen to anyone for many reasons and is something that is beyond our control. 3rd party blacklist services require companies whose mail servers they have blacklisted, pay fees in order to be removed from their lists. As we cannot pay fees to blacklist services which require them for removal, you should contact your email provider and have them whitelist our mail server IP address: 69.64.157.73. My best guess is that I should email my ISP, sonic.net, tell them what is going on and ask them to whitelist the IP address 69.64.157.73. (If not, please let me know.) But I want to know what is going on and how email works. I understand that there's a device at location 69.64.159.2 that is doing something bad that causes the "destination mail server [sonic.net's, I assume --gw] to reject the messages." I know that email is sent through multiple devices in a way that eventually gets it to its destination. Beyond that, here are my questions: 1) I thought the Internet "routed around damage." Why does email starting at namecheap.com always (or is it 'sometimes'?) go through 69.64.159.2? 2) Who is the "upstream provider" that the namecheap.com representative mentions, and what is their role? 3) How does having sonic.net's whitelisting namecheap.com's mail server prevent my email being bounced by 69.64.159.2? I've searched the Internet for answers but have found nothing useful. Thanks for whatever answers you can provide.

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  • windows 2003 server : can't join domain

    - by phill
    I originally tried to rejoin a computer to a network which led to a "cannot find domain" error. The username/password box don't even come up. some tests i ran: I can ping the server, however I can't ping the domain name domain1.local. nslookup can't find the domain either. It looks to the isp's dns instead of my own to resolve the local machines. So i go to the dns and run netdiag.exe and gives me this error. DNS test . . . . . . . . . . . . . : Failed [WARNING] Cannot find a primary authoritative DNS server for the name 'stmartinsrv.stmartin.local.'. [RCODE_SERVER_FAILURE] The name 'srv.domain1.local.' may not be registered in DNS. [WARNING] The DNS entries for this DC are not registered correctly on DNS se rver '68.94.156.1'. Please wait for 30 minutes for DNS server replication. [WARNING] The DNS entries for this DC are not registered correctly on DNS se rver '68.94.157.1'. Please wait for 30 minutes for DNS server replication. [FATAL] No DNS servers have the DNS records for this DC registered. Redir and Browser test . . . . . . : Passed List of NetBt transports currently bound to the Redir NetBT_Tcpip_{04BB0F6B-06AE-4D60-80C8-2A7A24C1D87B} The redir is bound to 1 NetBt transport. List of NetBt transports currently bound to the browser NetBT_Tcpip_{04BB0F6B-06AE-4D60-80C8-2A7A24C1D87B} The browser is bound to 1 NetBt transport. then running dcdiag C:\Program Files\Support Toolsdcdiag Domain Controller Diagnosis Performing initial setup: Done gathering initial info. Doing initial required tests Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\SRV Starting test: Connectivity The host 1c99f63c-49ec-40db-b3d3-6265c00fbd3e._msdcs.domain1.local cou ld not be resolved to an IP address. Check the DNS server, DHCP, server name, etc Although the Guid DNS name (1c99f63c-49ec-40db-b3d3-6265c00fbd3e._msdcs.domain1.local) couldn't be resolved, the server name (srv.domain1.local) resolved to the IP address (192.168.1.21) and was pingable. Check that the IP address is registered correctly with the DNS server. ......................... SRV failed test Connectivity Doing primary tests Testing server: Default-First-Site-Name\SRV Skipping all tests, because server SRV is not responding to directory service requests Running partition tests on : ForestDnsZones Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... ForestDnsZones passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... ForestDnsZones passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : DomainDnsZones Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... DomainDnsZones passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... DomainDnsZones passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : Schema Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... Schema passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... Schema passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : Configuration Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... Configuration passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... Configuration passed test CheckSDRefDom Running partition tests on : domain1 Starting test: CrossRefValidation ......................... domain1 passed test CrossRefValidation Starting test: CheckSDRefDom ......................... domain1 passed test CheckSDRefDom Running enterprise tests on : domain1.local Starting test: Intersite ......................... domain1.local passed test Intersite Starting test: FsmoCheck ......................... domain1.local passed test FsmoCheck from previous postings, I've tried adding the domain suffix to the nic ip properties to both the client machine and the dc server which didn't help. note: there is only one nic on the server any ideas? thanks in advance

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  • Unable to connect to OpenVPN server

    - by Incognito
    I'm trying to get a working setup of OpenVPN on my VM and authenticate into it from a client. I'm not sure but it looks to me like it's socket related, as it's not set to LISTEN, and localhost seems wrong. I've never set up VPN before. # netstat -tulpn | grep vpn Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:1194 0.0.0.0:* 24059/openvpn I don't think this is set up correctly. Here's some detail into what I've done. I have a VPS from MediaTemple: These are my interfaces before starting openvpn: lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1 RX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:39482 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) TX bytes:3237452 (3.2 MB) venet0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:127.0.0.1 P-t-P:127.0.0.1 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:4885284 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:4679884 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:835278537 (835.2 MB) TX bytes:1989289617 (1.9 GB) venet0:0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:205.[redacted] P-t-P:205.186.148.82 Bcast:0.0.0.0 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP BROADCAST POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MTU:1500 Metric:1 I've followed this guide on setting up a basic server and getting a .p12 file, however, I was receiving an error that stated /dev/net/tun was missing, so I created it mkdir -p /dev/net mknod /dev/net/tun c 10 200 chmod 600 /dev/net/tun This resolved the error preventing the service from launching, however, I am unable to connect. On the server I've set up the myserver.conf file (as per the tutorial) to indicate local 127.0.0.1 (I've also attempted with the public IP address, perhaps I don't understand what they mean by local IP?). The server launches without error, this is what the log looks like when it starts: Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 OpenVPN 2.1.3 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL] [LZO2] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH] [PF_INET6] [eurephia] built on Mar 11 2011 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 IMPORTANT: OpenVPN's default port number is now 1194, based on an official port number assignment by IANA. OpenVPN 2.0-beta16 and earlier used 5000 as the default port. Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 NOTE: the current --script-security setting may allow this configuration to call user-defined scripts Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /usr/bin/openssl-vulnkey -q -b 1024 -m <modulus omitted> Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 /sbin/ifconfig tun0 10.8.0.1 pointopoint 10.8.0.2 mtu 1500 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 GID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UID set to openvpn Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET]127.0.0.1:1194 Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 UDPv4 link remote: [undef] Sun Apr 1 17:21:27 2012 Initialization Sequence Completed This creates a tun0 interface that looks like this: tun0 Link encap:UNSPEC HWaddr 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00 inet addr:10.8.0.1 P-t-P:10.8.0.2 Mask:255.255.255.255 UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:100 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) And the netstat command still indicates the state is not set to LISTEN. On the client-side I've installed the p12 certs onto two devices (one is an android tablet, the other is an Ubuntu desktop). I don't see port 1194 as open either. Both clients install the cert files and then ask me for the L2TP secret (which was set on the file), but then they oddly ask me for a username and a password, which I don't know where I could possibly get those from. I attempted all of my logins, and some whacky guesses that were frantically pulling at straws. If there's any more information I could provide let me know.

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  • Securing smtp with login

    - by Paul Peelen
    I have a ispconfig server, and it seems that someone is using it to send spam. I got about 130 "Mail Delivery System" email about declined send email. This spammer uses my email address as sent from adress, so I get all these email adresses to my mail. I am using Postfix and Courier. I installed my server according to this guide: http://www.howtoforge.com/perfect-server-debian-lenny-ispconfig3-p3 I did this a few months ago. My question: Can I secure my server to require login to be able to send email, and if so... how? Thanks! EDIT Some data from mail.log, these kind of error show up constantly: Jun 15 17:58:16 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: CC7DA1242AE: from=<paul@*****.se>, size=3782, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 15 17:58:16 bolt postfix/smtp[11337]: CC7DA1242AE: to=<[email protected]>, relay=none, delay=4641, delays=4640/0.01/0.32/0, dsn=4.4.3, status=deferred (Host or domain name not found. Name service error for name=cmlisboa.pt type=MX: Host not found, try again) Jun 15 17:58:19 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: connect from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: NOQUEUE: reject: RCPT from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154]: 550 5.1.1 <advertising@*****.com>: Recipient address rejected: User unknown in virtual mailbox table; from=<[email protected]> to=<advertising@*****.com> proto=ESMTP helo=<static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net> Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: lost connection after DATA (0 bytes) from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:20 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: disconnect from static-200-105-220-154.acelerate.net[200.105.220.154] Jun 15 17:58:29 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: connect from unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:32 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: 386791241F9: client=unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:34 bolt postfix/cleanup[10975]: 386791241F9: message-id=<[email protected]> Jun 15 17:58:34 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: 386791241F9: from=<[email protected]>, size=867, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/smtpd[10834]: disconnect from unknown[62.176.172.226] Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt amavis[11084]: (11084-17) Blocked SPAM, [62.176.172.226] [62.176.172.226] <[email protected]> -> <*****@*****>, Message-ID: <[email protected]>, mail_id: XczovKoMBYNr, Hits: 18.471, size: 867, 833 ms Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/smtp[10732]: 386791241F9: to=<*****@*****>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=3.5, delays=2.7/0/0/0.83, dsn=2.7.0, status=sent (250 2.7.0 Ok, discarded, id=11084-17 - SPAM) Jun 15 17:58:35 bolt postfix/qmgr[10712]: 386791241F9: removed Jun 15 17:58:43 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: warning: 178.121.154.194: address not listed for hostname mm-194-154-121-178.dynamic.pppoe.mgts.by Jun 15 17:58:43 bolt postfix/smtpd[10836]: connect from unknown[178.121.154.194] Jun 15 17:58:45 bolt postfix/smtpd[10727]: connect from unknown[180.134.223.86] EDIT #2 Got some more info from the logs, this is a send request: mail.info.1:Jun 15 16:41:57 bolt amavis[5399]: (05399-06) Passed CLEAN, [110.139.48.64] [110.139.48.64] <paul@*****.se> -> <[email protected]>, Message-ID: <CHILKAT-MID-7c54ebcf-5501-de9b-f0b1-4f0234290d8d@HP-IRISH>, mail_id: 35l56Ramx6Nc, Hits: -2.941, size: 3329, queued_as: 2485770086, 136 ms mail.info.1:Jun 15 16:41:57 bolt postfix/smtp[4743]: 375C570082: to=<[email protected]>, relay=127.0.0.1[127.0.0.1]:10024, delay=4.8, delays=4.7/0/0/0.14, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 2.0.0 Ok, id=05399-06, from MTA([127.0.0.1]:10025): 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued as 2485770086) Which apparently got thrue. Any ideas how to restrict this?

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  • How to prevent delays associated with IPv6 AAAA records?

    - by Nic
    Our Windows servers are registering IPv6 AAAA records with our Windows DNS servers. However, we don't have IPv6 routing enabled on our network, so this frequently causes stall behaviours. Microsoft RDP is the worst offender. When connecting to a server that has a AAAA record in DNS, the remote desktop client will try IPv6 first, and won't fall back to IPv4 until the connection times out. Power users can work around this by connecting to the IP address directly. Resolving the IPv4 address with ping -4 hostname.foo always works instantly. What can I do to avoid this delay? Disable IPv6 on client? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Too many clients to ensure this is set everywhere consistently. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Disable IPv6 on the server? Nope, Microsoft says IPv6 is a mandatory part of the Windows operating system. Requires an inconvenient registry hack to disable the entire IPv6 stack. Ensuring this is correctly set on all servers is inconvenient. Will cause more problems later when we finally implement IPv6. Mask IPv6 records on the user-facnig DNS recursor? Nope, we're using NLNet Unbound and it doesn't support that. Prevent registration of IPv6 AAAA records on the Microsoft DNS server? I don't think that's even possible. At this point, I'm considering writing a script that purges all AAAA records from our DNS zones. Please, help me find a better way. UPDATE: DNS resolution is not the problem. As @joeqwerty points out in his answer, the DNS records are returned instantly. Both A and AAAA records are immediately available. The problem is that some clients (mstsc.exe) will preferentially attempt a connection over IPv6, and take a while to fall back to IPv4. This seems like a routing problem. The ping command produces a "General failure" error message because the destination address is unroutable. C:\Windows\system32>ping myhost.mydomain Pinging myhost.mydomain [2002:1234:1234::1234:1234] with 32 bytes of data: General failure. General failure. General failure. General failure. Ping statistics for 2002:1234:1234::1234:1234: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss), I can't get a packet capture of this behaviour. Running this (failing) ping command does not produce any packets in Microsoft Network Monitor. Similarly, attempting a connection with mstsc.exe to a host with an AAAA record produces no traffic until it does a fallback to IPv4. UPDATE: Our hosts are all using publicly-routable IPv4 addresses. I think this problem might come down to a broken 6to4 configuration. 6to4 behaves differently on hosts with public IP addresses vs RFC1918 addresses. UPDATE: There is definitely something fishy with 6to4 on my network. When I disable 6to4 on the Windows client, connections resolve instantly. netsh int ipv6 6to4 set state disabled But as @joeqwerty says, this only masks the problem. I'm still trying to find out why IPv6 communication on our network is completely non-working.

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  • Mac OS X 10.8 VPN Server: Bypass VPN for LAN traffic (routing LAN traffic to secondary connection)

    - by Dan Robson
    I have somewhat of an odd setup for a VPN server with OS X Mountain Lion. It's essentially being used as a bridge to bypass my company's firewall to our extranet connection - certain things our team needs to do require unfettered access to the outside, and changing IT policies to allow traffic through the main firewall is just not an option. The extranet connection is provided through a Wireless-N router (let's call it Wi-Fi X). My Mac Mini server is configured with the connection to this router as the primary connection, thus unfettered access to the internet via the router. Connections to this device on the immediate subnet are possible through the LAN port, but outside the subnet things are less reliable. I was able to configure the VPN server to provide IP addresses to clients in the 192.168.11.150-192.168.11.200 range using both PPTP and L2TP, and I'm able to connect to the extranet through the VPN using the standard Mac OS X VPN client in System Preferences, however unsurprisingly, a local address (let's call it internal.company.com) returns nothing. I tried to bypass the limitation of the VPN Server by setting up Routes in the VPN settings. Our company uses 13.x.x.x for all internal traffic, instead of 10.x.x.x, so the routing table looked something like this: IP Address ---------- Subnet Mask ---------- Configuration 0.0.0.0 248.0.0.0 Private 8.0.0.0 252.0.0.0 Private 12.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Private 13.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 Public 14.0.0.0 254.0.0.0 Private 16.0.0.0 240.0.0.0 Private 32.0.0.0 224.0.0.0 Private 64.0.0.0 192.0.0.0 Private 128.0.0.0 128.0.0.0 Private I was under the impression that if nothing was entered here, all traffic was routed through the VPN. With something entered, only traffic specifically marked to go through the VPN would go through the VPN, and all other traffic would be up to the client to access using its own default connection. This is why I had to specifically mark every subnet except 13.x.x.x as Private. My suspicion is that since I can't reach the VPN server from outside the local subnet, it's not making a connection to the main DNS server and thus can't be reached on the larger network. I'm thinking that entering hostnames like internal.company.com aren't kicked back to the client to resolve, because the server has no idea that the IP address falls in the public range, since I suspect (probably should ping test it but don't have access to it right now) that it can't reach the DNS server to find out anything about that hostname. It seems to me that all my options for resolving this all boil down to the same type of solution: Figure out how to reach the DNS with the secondary connection on the server. I'm thinking that if I'm able to do [something] to get my server to recognize that it should also check my local gateway (let's say Server IP == 13.100.100.50 and Gateway IP == 13.100.100.1). From there Gateway IP can tell me to go find DNS Server at 13.1.1.1 and give me information about my internal network. I'm very confused about this path -- really not sure if I'm even making sense. I thought about trying to do this client side, but that doesn't make sense either, since that would add time to each and every client side setup. Plus, it just seems more logical to solve it on the server - I could either get rid of my routing table altogether or keep it - I think the only difference would be that internal traffic would also go through the server - probably an unnecessary burden on it. Any help out there? Or am I in over my head? Forward proxy or transparent proxy is also an option for me, although I have no idea how to set either of those up. (I know, Google is my friend.)

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  • DNS lookups failing somewhere between firewall and router

    - by TessellatingHeckler
    we have a setup of ADSL line - Cisco 837 ADSL router - Zyxel ZyWall 35 firewall/NAT - Switch == Intel load balanced NICS in a server. It has been fine for years, suddenly DNS resolution stopped working on the server. No changes that I know of, so I can't work backwards from there. It was configured with the ISP's DNS servers, neither network device does DNS relaying. Wireshark shows the request go out but nothing comes back. The server networking stack seems OK though, because if we query an internal DNS server on a remote site, that works. I can logon to the Cisco, and DNS resolves OK from the command line. I can logon to the ZyWall, and DNS does not resolve from the command line. So the problem seems to be the firewall, patch cable or router, yes? On the router: interface Ethernet0 ip address aaa.bbb.ccc.ddd 255.255.255.ddd ip tcp adjust-mss 1450 hold-queue 100 out On the firewall: DNS server set to 8.8.8.8 (Google's), DNS traffic allowed LAN-WAN. What else should I look for? Update: Following This guide I've got traffic logging on the Cisco. I have also got access to a public DNS server which I can run tcpdump on to see things from the other side. And as per the below comments, I've tested with Dig and see that DNS over TCP works, and over UDP does not. Currently: DNS request from the server using TCP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, and in tcpdump on the DNS server, the answer comes back, it works fine. DNS request from the server using UDP shows up in the firewall log, and in the Cisco log, does NOT show in tcpdump on the DNS server, times out. DNS request from the cisco (using UDP) does show up in tcpdump on the DNS server, answer received, works fine. Ping requests from the server and the cisco to the DNS server show up in tcpdump on the DNS server. DNS request from the server using UDP does show up on the firewall. Summary: TCP seems fine throughought. UDP works over the ADSL and to the Cisco, and it works from the server to the Cisco, but it doesn't cross the Cisco properly, it seems. I did see the Cisco showing as connected at 10Mb/full-duplex internally, and the firewall showing as 100Mb/full-duplex externally. I have forced the firewall to 10Mb and rebooted both devices. That seemed to help get UDP traffic (server-firewall-cisco) instead of (server-firewall), but did not fix it. Update: Sanitized Cisco config: version 12.2 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption ! hostname cisco ! logging queue-limit 100 enable secret 5 {password} enable password 7 {password} ! ip subnet-zero ip domain name example.org ip name-server {nameserver_IP} ! ! ip audit notify log ip audit po max-events 100 no ftp-server write-enable ! interface Ethernet0 ip address {Inside_public_IP} 255.255.255.248 ip tcp adjust-mss 1460 hold-queue 100 out ! interface ATM0 no ip address no atm ilmi-keepalive pvc 0/38 encapsulation aal5mux ppp dialer dialer pool-member 1 ! dsl operating-mode auto ! interface Dialer1 ip unnumbered Ethernet0 encapsulation ppp dialer pool 1 dialer idle-timeout 0 dialer persistent no cdp enable ppp chap hostname {ADSL_Username} ppp chap password 7 {ADSL_Password} ! ip classless ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Dialer1 no ip http server no ip http secure-server ! access-list 23 permit {IP} dialer-list 1 protocol ip permit no cdp run snmp-server enable traps tty ! {con, vty} end

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  • linux routing bug?

    - by Balázs Pozsár
    I have been struggling with this not easily reproducible issue since a while. I am using linux kernel v3.1.0, and sometimes routing to a few IP addresses does not work. What seems to happen is that instead of sending the packet to the gateway, the kernel treats the destination address as local, and tries to gets its MAC address via ARP. For example, now my current IP address is 172.16.1.104/24, the gateway is 172.16.1.254: # ifconfig eth0 eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1B:63:97:FC:DC inet addr:172.16.1.104 Bcast:172.16.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:230772 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:171013 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:191879370 (182.9 Mb) TX bytes:47173253 (44.9 Mb) Interrupt:17 # route -n Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface 0.0.0.0 172.16.1.254 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0 I can ping a few addresses, but not 172.16.0.59: # ping -c1 172.16.1.254 PING 172.16.1.254 (172.16.1.254) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.1.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.383 ms --- 172.16.1.254 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.383/0.383/0.383/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.1 PING 172.16.0.1 (172.16.0.1) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.0.1: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=5.54 ms --- 172.16.0.1 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 5.545/5.545/5.545/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.2 PING 172.16.0.2 (172.16.0.2) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from 172.16.0.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=62 time=7.92 ms --- 172.16.0.2 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.925/7.925/7.925/0.000 ms root@pozsybook:~# ping -c1 172.16.0.59 PING 172.16.0.59 (172.16.0.59) 56(84) bytes of data. From 172.16.1.104 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable --- 172.16.0.59 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors, 100% packet loss, time 0ms When trying to ping 172.16.0.59, I can see in tcpdump that an ARP req was sent: # tcpdump -n -i eth0|grep ARP tcpdump: verbose output suppressed, use -v or -vv for full protocol decode listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 96 bytes 15:25:16.671217 ARP, Request who-has 172.16.0.59 tell 172.16.1.104, length 28 and /proc/net/arp has an incomplete entry for 172.16.0.59: # grep 172.16.0.59 /proc/net/arp 172.16.0.59 0x1 0x0 00:00:00:00:00:00 * eth0 Please note, that 172.16.0.59 is accessible from this LAN from other computers. Does anyone have any idea of what's going on? Thanks. update: replies to the comments below: there are no interfaces besides eth0 and lo the ARP req cannot be seen on the other end, but that's how it should work. the main problem is that an ARP req should not even be sent at the first place the problem persist even if I add an explicit route with the command "route add -host 172.16.0.59 gw 172.16.1.254 dev eth0"

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  • Ubuntu 12 crashed and took down network

    - by Leopd
    We recently set up a new Ubuntu 12.04LTS server on our network. It's not fully configured so it's not doing much beyond sshd and a default apache2 install. But this evening it appears to have crashed. It wasn't responding to the network or the keyboard. But the worst part is, it took down the entire network. My knowledge of the network stack below OSI layer 3 is very limited, so the rest confuses me. When this machine was physically connected to the network, no other machine could connect to the outside internet. When things were broken, running arp showed that our gateway's IP address (10.0.1.1) was listed as "invalid." Unplugging the server from the network fixed the problem, and plugging it back in broke it again. So the crashed server was advertising itself as owning the gateway's IP address? There's nothing at all in syslog during the time when it was causing problems. Any ideas about how to figure out what went wrong or what we can do to prevent it from happening again? I'm hesitant to even put the machine back on the network right now. Update ** It crashed again, and I ran tcpdump -penn arp (thanks bahamat!) for several minutes and got this... (timestamps and duplicate lines removed) 00:1e:65:f8:dc:24 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.1 tell 10.0.2.191, length 46 00:1e:65:f8:dc:24 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.44 tell 10.0.2.191, length 46 60:d8:19:d4:71:d6 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 60: Request who-has 10.0.1.1 tell 10.0.2.125, length 46 d4:9a:20:04:e9:78 > ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff, ethertype ARP (0x0806), length 42: Request who-has 192.168.1.1 tell 192.168.1.100, length 28 Update 2 ** When the network is functioning properly, arping -c4 10.0.1.1 returns this: ARPING 10.0.1.1 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=0 time=267.982 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=1 time=422.955 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=2 time=299.215 usec 60 bytes from c0:c1:c0:77:25:8e (10.0.1.1): index=3 time=366.926 usec --- 10.0.1.1 statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 4 packets received, 0% unanswered (0 extra) When the bad server is plugged in, arping -c4 10.0.1.1 returns: ARPING 10.0.1.1 --- 10.0.1.1 statistics --- 4 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% unanswered (0 extra) Context ** 10.0.x.x is the main subnet. 10.0.1.1 is the main internet gateway 10.0.1.44 is a printer 10.0.2.* devices are all laptops / workstations I have no idea what's using the 192.168.x.x subnet -- your guesses are at least as good as mine. A VM on a workstation? A misconfigured WAP? Somebody re-sharing wifi? A machine that failed to DHCP? The offending ubuntu server's MAC address ends in cd:80 so isn't listed in the dump. It should DHCP to 10.0.3.3 Thanks for any help. This ARP stuff is all voodoo to me. Packets just go to IP addresses, right? ;)

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  • Postfix sasl login failing no mechanism found

    - by Nat45928
    following the link here: http://flurdy.com/docs/postfix/ with posfix, courier, MySql, and sasl gave me a web server that has imap functionality working fine but when i go to log into the server to send a message using the same user id and password for connecting the the imap server it rejects my login to the smtp server. If i do not specify a login for the outgoing mail server then it will send the message just fine. the error in postfix's log is: Jul 6 17:26:10 Sj-Linux postfix/smtpd[19139]: connect from unknown[10.0.0.50] Jul 6 17:26:10 Sj-Linux postfix/smtpd[19139]: warning: SASL authentication failure: unable to canonify user and get auxprops Jul 6 17:26:10 Sj-Linux postfix/smtpd[19139]: warning: unknown[10.0.0.50]: SASL DIGEST-MD5 authentication failed: no mechanism available Jul 6 17:26:10 Sj-Linux postfix/smtpd[19139]: warning: unknown[10.0.0.50]: SASL LOGIN authentication failed: no mechanism available Ive checked all usernames and passwords for mysql. what could be going wrong? edit: here is some other information: installed libraires for postfix, courier and sasl: aptitude install postfix postfix-mysql aptitude install libsasl2-modules libsasl2-modules-sql libgsasl7 libauthen-sasl-cyrus-perl sasl2-bin libpam-mysql aptitude install courier-base courier-authdaemon courier-authlib-mysql courier-imap courier-imap-ssl courier-ssl and here is my /etc/postfix/main.cf myorigin = domain.com smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name biff = no # appending .domain is the MUA's job. append_dot_mydomain = no # Uncomment the next line to generate "delayed mail" warnings #delay_warning_time = 4h readme_directory = no # TLS parameters smtpd_tls_cert_file=/etc/ssl/certs/ssl-cert-snakeoil.pem smtpd_tls_key_file=/etc/ssl/private/ssl-cert-snakeoil.key smtpd_use_tls=yes smtpd_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtpd_scache smtp_tls_session_cache_database = btree:${data_directory}/smtp_scache # See /usr/share/doc/postfix/TLS_README.gz in the postfix-doc package for # information on enabling SSL in the smtp client. #myhostname = my hostname alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases myorigin = /etc/mailname local_recipient_maps = mydestination = relayhost = mynetworks = 127.0.0.0/8 [::ffff:127.0.0.0]/104 [::1]/128 mailbox_size_limit = 0 recipient_delimiter = + inet_interfaces = all mynetworks_style = host # how long if undelivered before sending warning update to sender delay_warning_time = 4h # will it be a permanent error or temporary unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 450 # how long to keep message on queue before return as failed. # some have 3 days, I have 16 days as I am backup server for some people # whom go on holiday with their server switched off. maximal_queue_lifetime = 7d # max and min time in seconds between retries if connection failed minimal_backoff_time = 1000s maximal_backoff_time = 8000s # how long to wait when servers connect before receiving rest of data smtp_helo_timeout = 60s # how many address can be used in one message. # effective stopper to mass spammers, accidental copy in whole address list # but may restrict intentional mail shots. # but may restrict intentional mail shots. smtpd_recipient_limit = 16 # how many error before back off. smtpd_soft_error_limit = 3 # how many max errors before blocking it. smtpd_hard_error_limit = 12 # Requirements for the HELO statement smtpd_helo_restrictions = permit_mynetworks, permit # Requirements for the sender details smtpd_sender_restrictions = permit_sasl_authenticated, permit_mynetworks, warn_if_reject reject_non_fqdn_sender, reject_unknown_sender_domain, reject_unauth_pipelining, permit # Requirements for the connecting server smtpd_client_restrictions = reject_rbl_client sbl.spamhaus.org, reject_rbl_client blackholes.easynet.nl, reject_rbl_client dnsbl.njabl.org # Requirement for the recipient address smtpd_recipient_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining, permit_mynetworks, permit_sasl_authenticated, reject_non_fqdn_recipient, reject_unknown_recipient_domain, reject_unauth_destination, permit smtpd_data_restrictions = reject_unauth_pipelining # require proper helo at connections smtpd_helo_required = yes # waste spammers time before rejecting them smtpd_delay_reject = yes disable_vrfy_command = yes # not sure of the difference of the next two # but they are needed for local aliasing alias_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases alias_database = hash:/etc/postfix/aliases # this specifies where the virtual mailbox folders will be located virtual_mailbox_base = /var/spool/mail/virtual # this is for the mailbox location for each user virtual_mailbox_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_mailbox.cf # and this is for aliases virtual_alias_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_alias.cf # and this is for domain lookups virtual_mailbox_domains = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_domains.cf # this is how to connect to the domains (all virtual, but the option is there) # not used yet # transport_maps = mysql:/etc/postfix/mysql_transport.cf virtual_uid_maps = static:5000 virtual_gid_maps = static:5000 # SASL smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes # If your potential clients use Outlook Express or other older clients # this needs to be set to yes broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous smtpd_sasl_local_domain =

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  • Configuring Wireless on Cisco 851W

    - by Aequitarum Custos
    Either a powersurge or something caused our router's configuration to get wiped, and our last backup was before the wireless network was setup. We have not been able to reconfigure the wireless since then, so was curious if anyone here would be able to determine what configuration is needed. We are using a Cisco 851W running 12.4(15)T9 We would like to use WPA encryption, and have it on the same network as the rest of the office network. Config file is below: User Access Verification Building configuration... Current configuration : 3857 bytes ! version 12.4 no service pad service timestamps debug datetime msec service timestamps log datetime msec service password-encryption no service dhcp ! hostname BOB ! boot-start-marker boot-end-marker ! enable secret 5 ********************* ! no aaa new-model ! ! dot11 syslog no ip source-route ! ! ip cef no ip bootp server ip domain name BOB.com ip name-server 61.11.1.1 ip name-server 61.11.1.2 ! ! ! username BOBB privilege 15 password 7 ************************* ! ! archive log config hidekeys ! ! ip tcp synwait-time 10 ! ! ! interface FastEthernet0 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet1 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet2 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet3 no cdp enable ! interface FastEthernet4 description WAN Connection$ETH-WAN$ ip address 61.11.1.14 255.255.254.0 ip nat outside ip virtual-reassembly duplex auto speed auto no cdp enable ! interface Dot11Radio0 no ip address shutdown ! encryption mode ciphers tkip speed basic-1.0 basic-2.0 basic-5.5 6.0 9.0 basic-11.0 12.0 18.0 24.0 36.0 48.0 54.0 station-role root no cdp enable ! interface Dot11Radio0.1 encapsulation dot1Q 1 native no cdp enable bridge-group 1 bridge-group 1 subscriber-loop-control bridge-group 1 spanning-disabled bridge-group 1 block-unknown-source no bridge-group 1 source-learning no bridge-group 1 unicast-flooding ! interface Dot11Radio0.20 ip access-group Guest-ACL in no cdp enable ! interface Vlan1 description Internal Network ip address 192.168.2.60 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside ip nat enable ip virtual-reassembly ! ip forward-protocol nd ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 61.11.2.14 ! ip http server no ip http secure-server ip nat inside source list 1 interface FastEthernet4 overload ! ip access-list extended Guest-ACL deny ip any 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 permit ip any any ! access-list 1 permit 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 access-list 100 remark SDM_ACL Category=2 access-list 100 permit ip 192.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 any no cdp run ! control-plane ! !

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  • ubuntu 10.04; kvm bridged networking not working with public ip addresses

    - by senorsmile
    I have a dedicated hosted server box with ubuntu 10.04 64 bit installed. I would like to run kvm with ubuntu 8.04 installed for some php 5.2 compatible apps(they don't work right with php 5.3, the default in ubuntu 10.04). I installed KVM as instructed at https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Installation . I installed the vm using virt-manager. I never could figure out how use virt-install or any of those automated installers. I just installed it using the disc. I set up bridged networking as per https://help.ubuntu.com/community/KVM/Networking . However, the bridged connection doesn't work. Here's my /etc/network/interfaces on the host, running ubuntu 10.04. (with specific public ip blanked) auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet manual auto br0 iface br0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xx netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway xx.xx.xx.xa bridge_ports eth0 bridge_stp on bridge_fd 0 bridge_maxwait 10 ` Here's my /etc/network/interfaces on the guest, running ubuntu 8.04. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xx.xx.xy netmask 255.255.255.248 gateway xx.xx.xx.xa The two vm's can communicate to each other. But, the guest vm can't access anyone in the real world. Here's my /etc/libvirt/qemu/store_804.xml <domain type='kvm'> <name>store_804</name> <uuid>27acfb75-4f90-a34c-9a0b-70a6927ae84c</uuid> <memory>2097152</memory> <currentMemory>2097152</currentMemory> <vcpu>2</vcpu> <os> <type arch='x86_64' machine='pc-0.12'>hvm</type> <boot dev='hd'/> </os> <features> <acpi/> <apic/> <pae/> </features> <clock offset='utc'/> <on_poweroff>destroy</on_poweroff> <on_reboot>restart</on_reboot> <on_crash>restart</on_crash> <devices> <emulator>/usr/bin/kvm</emulator> <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/var/lib/libvirt/images/store_804.img'/> <target dev='hda' bus='ide'/> </disk> <disk type='block' device='cdrom'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <target dev='hdc' bus='ide'/> <readonly/> </disk> <interface type='bridge'> <mac address='52:54:00:26:0b:c6'/> <source bridge='br0'/> <model type='virtio'/> </interface> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <console type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </console> <input type='mouse' bus='ps2'/> <graphics type='vnc' port='-1' autoport='yes'/> <sound model='es1370'/> <video> <model type='cirrus' vram='9216' heads='1'/> </video> </devices> </domain> Any idea where I've gone wrong?

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  • ASA 5505 stops local internet when connected to VPN

    - by g18c
    Hi I have a Cisco ASA router running firmware 8.2(5) which hosts an internal LAN on 192.168.30.0/24. I have used the VPN Wizard to setup L2TP access and I can connect in fine from a Windows box and can ping hosts behind the VPN router. However, when connected to the VPN I can no longer ping out to my internet or browse web pages. I would like to be able to access the VPN, and also browse the internet at the same time - I understand this is called split tunneling (have ticked the setting in the wizard but to no effect) and if so how do I do this? Alternatively, if split tunneling is a pain to setup, then making the connected VPN client have internet access from the ASA WAN IP would be OK. Thanks, Chris names ! interface Ethernet0/0 switchport access vlan 2 ! interface Ethernet0/1 ! interface Vlan1 nameif inside security-level 100 ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0 ! interface Vlan2 nameif outside security-level 0 ip address 208.74.158.58 255.255.255.252 ! ftp mode passive access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip any 10.10.10.0 255.255.255.128 access-list inside_nat0_outbound extended permit ip 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 192.168.30.192 255.255.255.192 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 access-list DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 standard permit 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 pager lines 24 logging asdm informational mtu inside 1500 mtu outside 1500 ip local pool LANVPNPOOL 192.168.30.220-192.168.30.249 mask 255.255.255.0 icmp unreachable rate-limit 1 burst-size 1 no asdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 1 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 208.74.158.57 1 timeout xlate 3:00:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 icmp 0:00:02 timeout sunrpc 0:10:00 h323 0:05:00 h225 1:00:00 mgcp 0:05:00 mgcp-pat 0:05:00 timeout sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 sip-invite 0:03:00 sip-disconnect 0:02:00 timeout sip-provisional-media 0:02:00 uauth 0:05:00 absolute timeout tcp-proxy-reassembly 0:01:00 timeout floating-conn 0:00:00 dynamic-access-policy-record DfltAccessPolicy http server enable http 192.168.30.0 255.255.255.0 inside snmp-server enable traps snmp authentication linkup linkdown coldstart crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-MD5 esp-aes-256 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-SHA esp-des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-DES-MD5 esp-des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-MD5 esp-aes-192 esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-3DES-MD5 esp-3des esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-256-SHA esp-aes-256 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA esp-aes esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-192-SHA esp-aes-192 esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set ESP-AES-128-MD5 esp-aes esp-md5-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA esp-3des esp-sha-hmac crypto ipsec transform-set TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA mode transport crypto ipsec security-association lifetime seconds 28800 crypto ipsec security-association lifetime kilobytes 4608000 crypto dynamic-map SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP 65535 set transform-set ESP-AES-128-SHA ESP-AES-128-MD5 ESP-AES-192-SHA ESP-AES-192-MD5 ESP-AES-256-SHA ESP-AES-256-MD5 ESP-3DES-SHA ESP-3DES-MD5 ESP-DES-SHA ESP-DES-MD5 TRANS_ESP_3DES_SHA crypto map outside_map 65535 ipsec-isakmp dynamic SYSTEM_DEFAULT_CRYPTO_MAP crypto map outside_map interface outside crypto isakmp enable outside crypto isakmp policy 10 authentication pre-share encryption 3des hash sha group 2 lifetime 86400 telnet timeout 5 ssh timeout 5 console timeout 0 dhcpd auto_config outside ! threat-detection basic-threat threat-detection statistics access-list no threat-detection statistics tcp-intercept webvpn group-policy DefaultRAGroup internal group-policy DefaultRAGroup attributes dns-server value 192.168.30.3 vpn-tunnel-protocol l2tp-ipsec split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified split-tunnel-network-list value DefaultRAGroup_splitTunnelAcl_1 username user password Cj7W5X7wERleAewO8ENYtg== nt-encrypted privilege 0 tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup general-attributes address-pool LANVPNPOOL default-group-policy DefaultRAGroup tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ipsec-attributes pre-shared-key ***** tunnel-group DefaultRAGroup ppp-attributes no authentication chap authentication ms-chap-v2 ! class-map inspection_default match default-inspection-traffic ! ! policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map parameters message-length maximum client auto message-length maximum 512 policy-map global_policy class inspection_default inspect dns preset_dns_map inspect ftp inspect h323 h225 inspect h323 ras inspect rsh inspect rtsp inspect esmtp inspect sqlnet inspect skinny inspect sunrpc inspect xdmcp inspect sip inspect netbios inspect tftp inspect ip-options ! service-policy global_policy global prompt hostname context : end

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  • Cisco Pix how to add an additional block of static ip addresses for nat?

    - by Scott Szretter
    I have a pix 501 with 5 static ip addresses. My isp just gave me 5 more. I am trying to figure out how to add the new block and then how to nat/open at least one of them to an inside machine. So far, I named a new interface "intf2", ip range is 71.11.11.58 - 62 (gateway should 71.11.11.57) imgsvr is the machine I want to nat to one of the (71.11.11.59) new ip addresses. mail (.123) is an example of a machine that is mapped to the current existing 5 ip block (96.11.11.121 gate / 96.11.11.122-127) and working fine. Building configuration... : Saved : PIX Version 6.3(4) interface ethernet0 auto interface ethernet0 vlan1 logical interface ethernet1 auto nameif ethernet0 outside security0 nameif ethernet1 inside security100 nameif vlan1 intf2 security1 enable password xxxxxxxxx encrypted passwd xxxxxxxxx encrypted hostname xxxxxxxPIX domain-name xxxxxxxxxxx no fixup protocol dns fixup protocol ftp 21 fixup protocol h323 h225 1720 fixup protocol h323 ras 1718-1719 fixup protocol http 80 fixup protocol rsh 514 fixup protocol rtsp 554 fixup protocol sip 5060 fixup protocol sip udp 5060 fixup protocol skinny 2000 no fixup protocol smtp 25 fixup protocol sqlnet 1521 fixup protocol tftp 69 names ...snip... name 192.168.10.13 mail name 192.168.10.29 imgsvr object-group network vpn1 network-object mail 255.255.255.255 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.124 eq 3389 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.123 eq www access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.125 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq smtp access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq https access-list outside_access_in permit tcp any host 96.11.11.126 eq 10443 access-list outside_access_in deny ip any any access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 192.168.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.17.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound permit ip 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 IPPool2 255.255.255.0 ...snip... access-list inside_access_in deny tcp any any eq smtp access-list inside_access_in permit ip any any pager lines 24 logging on logging buffered notifications mtu outside 1500 mtu inside 1500 ip address outside 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.248 ip address inside 192.168.10.15 255.255.255.0 ip address intf2 71.11.11.58 255.255.255.248 ip audit info action alarm ip audit attack action alarm pdm location exchange 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location IPPool2 255.255.255.0 outside pdm location 96.11.11.122 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 192.168.10.6 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate1 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location mail-gate2 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location imgsvr 255.255.255.255 inside pdm location 71.11.11.59 255.255.255.255 intf2 pdm logging informational 100 pdm history enable arp timeout 14400 global (outside) 1 interface global (outside) 2 96.11.11.123 global (intf2) 3 interface global (intf2) 4 71.11.11.59 nat (inside) 0 access-list inside_nat0_outbound nat (inside) 2 mail 255.255.255.255 0 0 nat (inside) 1 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 smtp mail smtp netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 https mail https netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) tcp 96.11.11.123 www mail www netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.124 ts netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.126 mail-gate2 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 static (inside,outside) 96.11.11.125 mail-gate1 netmask 255.255.255.255 0 0 access-group outside_access_in in interface outside access-group inside_access_in in interface inside route outside 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 96.11.11.121 1 route intf2 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 71.11.11.57 2 timeout xlate 0:05:00 timeout conn 1:00:00 half-closed 0:10:00 udp 0:02:00 rpc 0:10:00 h225 1:00:00 timeout h323 0:05:00 mgcp 0:05:00 sip 0:30:00 sip_media 0:02:00 timeout uauth 0:05:00 absolute floodguard enable ...snip... : end [OK] Thanks!

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  • Apache URL rewriting in reverse proxy

    - by Jeremy Gooch
    I'm deploying Apache in front of a Karaf-hosted application (Apache and Karaf are on separate servers). I want Apache to operate as a reverse proxy and also to hide part of the URL. The URL to get the log-in page of the application directly from the app server is http://app-server:8181/jellyfish. Pages are served by the Jetty instance running within Karaf. Of course, this behaviour would usually be blocked by the firewall for everything except the reverse proxy server. With the firewall off, if you hit this URL then Jetty loads the log-in page. The browser's address bar correctly changes to http://app-server:8181/jellyfish/login?0 and everything works. What I want is for http://web-server (i.e. from the root) to map to Jetty on the app server with the name of the app (jellyfish) suppressed. e.g. The browser would change to show http://web-server/login?0 in the address bar and all subsequent URLs and content would be served with the web-server's domain and without the jellyfish clutter. I can get Apache to operate as a simple reverse proxy, using the following config (snippet):- ProxyPass /jellyfish http://app-server:8181/jellyfish ProxyPassReverse / http://app-server:8181/ ...but this requires the browser's URL to contain jellyfish and going to the root URL (http://web-server) gives a 404 Not Found. I've spent a lot of time trying to use mod_rewrite with and without its [P] flag to get around this, but without success. I then tried the ProxyPassMatch directive, but I can't seem to get that quite correct either. Here's the current config, as is loaded into /etc/apache2/sites-available/ on the web server. Note that there is a locally-hosted images directory. I've also kept the mod_rewrite proxy exploit protection and am suppressing a couple of mod_security rules that were giving false positives. <VirtualHost *:80> ServerAdmin admin@drummer-server ServerName drummer-server ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/error.log LogLevel warn CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/access.log combined Alias /images/ "/var/www/images/" RewriteEngine On RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^$ RewriteCond %{REQUEST_URI} !^/ RewriteRule .* - [R=400,L] ProxyPass /images ! ProxyPassMatch ^/(.*) http://granny-server:8181/jellyfish/$1 ProxyPassReverse / http://granny-server:8181/jellyfish ProxyPreserveHost On SecRuleRemoveById 981059 981060 <Directory "/var/www/images"> Options Indexes MultiViews FollowSymLinks AllowOverride None Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </VirtualHost> If I go to http://web-server, I get redirected to http://web-server/jellyfish/home but this gives a 404, with a complaint about trying to access /jellyfish/jellyfish/home - NB the browser's address bar does not contain the double /jellyfish. HTTP ERROR 404 Problem accessing /jellyfish/jellyfish/home. Reason: Not Found And, if I go to http://web-server/login, I get redirected to http://web-server/jellyfish/login?0 but this gives a 404, with a complaint about trying to access /jellyfish/jellyfish/login. HTTP ERROR 404 Problem accessing /jellyfish/jellyfish/login. Reason: Not Found So, I'm guessing I'm somehow passing through the rules twice. I am also slightly bemused as to where the home bit of the URL comes from in the first example. Can someone point me in the right direction, please? Thanks, J.

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  • My smtp server is spammed?

    - by Milos
    I have a server and the postfix client on it. Since several days, I noticed a lot of processes running there. When checked, there are a lot of emails sent. Here is an example from the mail log: Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: connect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: connect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: 525E7114012D: client=dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 525E7114012D: message-id=<B55835C9027BFA9D16CCBB556DB2F48BB82DF004000480BA-db0c3ce8aa74446411898d0d2feb3001@email.filmforthoughtinc.com> Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: from=<[email protected]>, size=10702, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:56 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: EC52711401DC: client=unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9963]: disconnect from dslb-188-096-082-167.188.096.pools.vodafone-ip.de[188.96.82.167] Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[8597]: EC52711401DC: message-id=<4C905D97606B436FE50C6F738DE014D9D84F2185BA815D81-1a4dbe6fc2bfcc8183f5faf901cfa15e@email.manguerasespecializadas.com> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: 525E7114012D: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.55/0/0.45/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/cleanup[10067]: 8B1E11140268: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: 525E7114012D: sender non-delivery notification: 8B1E11140268 Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: from=<>, size=12693, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 525E7114012D: removed Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: from=<[email protected]>, size=10978, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: connect to aspmx.l.google.com[2607:f8b0:400d:c03::1b]:25: Network is unreachable Aug 18 11:54:57 mem postfix/smtpd[9301]: disconnect from unknown[186.113.45.4] Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[10013]: 8B1E11140268: to=<[email protected]>, relay=aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26]:25, delay=0.5, delays=0.06/0/0.28/0.16, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host aspmx.l.google.com[74.125.22.26] said: 550-5.1.1 The email account that you tried to reach does not exist. Please try 550-5.1.1 double-checking the recipient's email address for typos or 550-5.1.1 unnecessary spaces. Learn more at 550 5.1.1 http://support.google.com/mail/bin/answer.py?answer=6596 l7si24621420qad.26 - gsmtp (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 8B1E11140268: removed Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/smtp[9971]: EC52711401DC: to=<[email protected]>, relay=mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228]:25, delay=1.2, delays=0.66/0/0.44/0.12, dsn=5.1.1, status=bounced (host mail.mdpi.com[209.237.236.228] said: 550 5.1.1 <[email protected]>: Recipient address rejected: mdpi.com (in reply to RCPT TO command)) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/cleanup[9970]: 414361140254: message-id=<[email protected]> Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/bounce[10001]: EC52711401DC: sender non-delivery notification: 414361140254 Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: from=<>, size=13057, nrcpt=1 (queue active) Aug 18 11:54:58 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: EC52711401DC: removed Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/smtp[10002]: 414361140254: to=<[email protected]>, relay=manguerasespecializadas.com[99.198.96.210]:25, delay=2.9, delays=0.04/0/2.1/0.84, dsn=2.0.0, status=sent (250 OK id=1XJPGs-0007BE-OI) Aug 18 11:55:01 mem postfix/qmgr[2581]: 414361140254: removed IS my server attacked, spammed? How to check that? Thank you.

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  • KVM with one host IP and a different subnet for machines

    - by Jguy
    I've already setup a KVM host with proper IP configurations, but my host had me create DHCP and use that to assign the IP's to the machines. I want to see if there's an easier way to do it (or better). Upon my first setting out on this, I didn't find anything that pointed me in the right direction. I'm coming off a fresh install of Debian 6.0 x64, so I have nothing installed. I've logged in, queried for the below information and changed the password from my host set one. I have a Debian 6.0 x64 system with the following initial network configuration (substituted 255 in place of my real first octave): # tail /etc/network/interfaces auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 255.9.24.80 broadcast 255.9.24.95 netmask 255.255.255.224 gateway 255.9.24.65 # default route to access subnet up route add -net 255.9.24.64 netmask 255.255.255.224 gw 255.9.24.65 eth0 I have a /29 subnet that I want the virtual machines to use from my host: IP: 255.46.187.152 /29 Mask: 255.255.255.248 Broadcast: 255.46.187.159 Usable IP addresses: 255.46.187.153 to 255.46.187.158 I like the interface of Cloudmin, so I want to try and use that if I can to administrate my guests. So, my questions: How do I set this up on the host system the best so that I can use the additional Subnet IP's on the guests and have them accessible from the internet? I also need to host a DNS server, which means one of these VM's has to have two IP's assigned to it and accessable from the outside world. How can I do that using Cloudmin? I had a question about this here: Multiple IP addresses assigned to one KVM VM But I just reformatted the entire server and am trying to figure out a better way of doing this. Machine information: # ip route show 255.9.24.64/27 via 255.9.24.65 dev eth0 255.9.24.64/27 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 255.9.24.80 default via 255.9.24.65 dev eth0 brctl is empty # ip addr list 1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00 inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo inet6 ::1/128 scope host valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000 link/ether c8:60:00:54:b5:d8 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 255.9.24.80/27 brd 255.9.24.95 scope global eth0 inet6 fe80::ca60:ff:fe54:b5d8/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever Thank you for any help you can provide me. EDIT: I've installed kvm and cloudmin: aptitude install qemu-kvm libvirt-bin wget http://cloudmin.virtualmin.com/gpl/scripts/cloudmin-kvm-debian-install.sh ./cloudmin-kvm-debian-install.sh Rebooted and now my network configuration looks like this: # device: eth0 iface eth0 inet manual # default route to access subnet iface br0 inet static address 255.9.24.80 netmask 255.255.255.224 broadcast 255.9.24.95 network 255.9.24.64 bridge_ports eth0 gateway 255.9.24.65 I setup in Cloudmin the Start IP as 255.46.187.153 and End IP as 255.46.187.158. The CIDR is 29 and the gateway is 255.46.187.152. I've installed a guest with ubuntuserver 12.04 x64, which was able to get and retrieve internet resources during installation, but now cannot reach anything nor can it be reached from anything. Its network configuration is: iface eth0 inet static address 255.46.187.153 netmask 255.255.255.224 broadcast 255.46.187.159 gateway 255.46.187.152 dns-nameservers <host provided nameservers> And is not able to ping google.com through DNS or direct IP, I can't ping the VM from the outside or the host. any ideas now?

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  • How to use iptables to forward all data from an IP to a Virtual Machine

    - by jro
    OK, in an attempt to get some response, a TL;DR version. I know that the following command: iptables -A PREROUTING -t nat -i eth0 --dport 80 --source 1.1.1.1 -j REDIRECT --to-port 8080 ... will redirect all traffic from port 80 to port 8080. The problem is that I have to do this for every port that is to be redirected. To be future-proof, I want all ports for an IP to be redirected to a different (internal) IP, so that if one might decide to enable SSH, they can directly connect without worrying about iptables. What is needed to reliable forward all traffic from an external IP, to an internal IP, and vice versa? Extended version I've scoured the internet for this, but I never got a solid answer. What I have is one physical server (HOST), with several virtual machines (VM) that need traffic redirected to them. Just getting it to work with a single machine is enough for now. The VM's run under VirtualBox, and are set to use a host-only adapter (vboxnet0). Everything seems to work, but it is greatly lagging. Both the host (CentOS 5.6) and the guest (Ubuntu 10.04) machine are running Linux. What I did was the following: Configure the VM to have a static IP in the network of the vboxnet0 adapter. Add an IP alias to the host, registering to the dedicated (outside) IP. Setup iptables to allow traffic to come through (via sysctl). Configure iptables to DNAT and SNAT data from a given IP address to the internal address. iptables commands: sudo iptables -A FORWARD -m conntrack --ctstate ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT sudo iptables -A POSTROUTING -t nat -j MASQUERADE iptables -t nat -I PREROUTING -d $OUT_IP -I eth0 -j DNAT --to-destination $IN_IP iptables -t nat -I POSTROUTING -s $IN_IP -o eth0 -j SNAT --to-source $OUT_IP Now the site works, but is really, really slow. I'm hoping I missed something simple, but I'm out of ideas for now. Some background info: before this, the site was working with basic port forwarding. E.g. port 80 was mapped to port 8080 using iptables. In VirtualBox (having the network adapter configured as NAT), a port forwarding the other way around made things work beautifully. The problem was twofold: first, multiple ports needed to be forwarded (for admin interfaces, https, ssh, etc). Second, it only allowed one IP address to use port 80. To resolve things, multiple external IP addresses are used for different (sub)domains. Likewise, the "VirtualBox" network will contain the virtual machines: DNS Ext. IP Adapter VM "VirtalBox" IP ------------------------------------------------------------------ a.example.com 1.1.1.1 eth0:1 vm_guest_1 192.168.56.1 b.example.com 2.2.2.2 eth0:2 vm_guest_2 192.168.56.2 c.example.com 3.3.3.3 eth0:3 vm_guest_3 192.168.56.3 And so on. Put simply, the goal is to channel all traffic from a.example.com to vm_guest_1 (of put differently, from 1.1.1.1 to 192.168.56.1). And achieve this with an acceptable speed :).

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  • Exchange 2003 mail non-delivery (NDR), spam activity? events 7002 & 7004

    - by HighTechGeek
    Windows Server 2003 Small Business Server SP2 Exchange Version 6.5 (Build 7638.2: Service Pack 2) This network has been neglected and has been having email problems for years and was on many blacklists. I was called in after the server eventually crashed... I got the server back up and running, but email problems persist. Outgoing mail delivery is sporadic. Sometimes the mail goes through, sometimes a delayed delivery report is generated after a day or more, and sometimes it seems to go through, but the recipient never receives it. Not sure if spammers are successfully using the server as a relay (see event entries below after turning on maximum SMTP logging)... User PCs infected with viruses and server was blacklisted on many sites (I used mxtoolbox.com) I have cleaned all the PCs and changed all passwords (including administrator) I have requested removal from all of the blacklists - most have removed the listing, some take more time. I have setup rDNS pointer records with the ISP (Comcast) - that was one reason for some of the blacklistings. I have tested that it's not an open relay using telnet as described here: www.amset.info/exchange/smtp-openrelay.asp I followed the advise of a Spamhaus & Microsoft article to enable maximum SMTP logging. http://www.spamhaus.org/faq/answers.lasso?section=isp%20spam%20issues#320 which directed me to Microsoft KB article 895853, specifically, the part 2/3 down titled: "If mail relay occurs from an account on an Exchange computer that is not configured as an open relay" . The Application Event Log is filling with this type of activity (Event ID 7002, 7002 & 3018 errors): Event Type: Error Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: SMTP Protocol Event ID: 7004 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 7:33:29 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: This is an SMTP protocol error log for virtual server ID 1, connection #621. The remote host "212.52.84.180", responded to the SMTP command "rcpt" with "550 #5.1.0 Address rejected [email protected] ". The full command sent was "RCPT TO: ". This will probably cause the connection to fail. and this: Event Type: Warning Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: SMTP Protocol Event ID: 7002 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 7:33:29 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: This is an SMTP protocol warning log for virtual server ID 1, connection #620. The remote host "212.52.84.170", responded to the SMTP command "rcpt" with "452 Too many recipients received this hour ". The full command sent was "RCPT TO: ". This may cause the connection to fail. or a variant of: Event Type: Warning Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: SMTP Protocol Event ID: 7002 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 8:39:21 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: This is an SMTP protocol warning log for virtual server ID 1, connection #661. The remote host "82.57.200.133", responded to the SMTP command "rcpt" with "421 Service not available - too busy ". The full command sent was "RCPT TO: ". This may cause the connection to fail. also Event Type: Error Event Source: MSExchangeTransport Event Category: NDR Event ID: 3018 Date: 1/18/2011 Time: 9:49:37 AM User: N/A Computer: SERVER Description: A non-delivery report with a status code of 5.4.0 was generated for recipient rfc822;[email protected] (Message-ID ). Causes: This message indicates a DNS problem or an IP address configuration problem Solution: Check the DNS using nslookup or dnsq. Verify the IP address is in IPv4 literal format. Data: 0000: ef 02 04 c0 ï..À Any guidance and/or suggestions and/or tests to perform would be greatly appreciated.

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  • SQL SERVER – History of SQL Server Database Encryption

    - by pinaldave
    I recently met Michael Coles and Rodeney Landrum the author of one of the kind book Expert SQL Server 2008 Encryption at SQLPASS in Seattle. During the conversation we ended up how Microsoft is evolving encryption technology. The same discussion lead to talking about history of encryption tools in SQL Server. Michale pointed me to page 18 of his book of encryption. He explicitly give me permission to re-produce relevant part of history from his book. Encryption in SQL Server 2000 Built-in cryptographic encryption functionality was nonexistent in SQL Server 2000 and prior versions. In order to get server-side encryption in SQL Server you had to resort to purchasing or creating your own SQL Server XPs. Creating your own cryptographic XPs could be a daunting task owing to the fact that XPs had to be compiled as native DLLs (using a language like C or C++) and the XP application programming interface (API) was poorly documented. In addition there were always concerns around creating wellbehaved XPs that “played nicely” with the SQL Server process. Encryption in SQL Server 2005 Prior to the release of SQL Server 2005 there was a flurry of regulatory activity in response to accounting scandals and attacks on repositories of confidential consumer data. Much of this regulation centered onthe need for protecting and controlling access to sensitive financial and consumer information. With the release of SQL Server 2005 Microsoft responded to the increasing demand for built-in encryption byproviding the necessary tools to encrypt data at the column level. This functionality prominently featured the following: Support for column-level encryption of data using symmetric keys or passphrases. Built-in access to a variety of symmetric and asymmetric encryption algorithms, including AES, DES, Triple DES, RC2, RC4, and RSA. Capability to create and manage symmetric keys. Key creation and management. Ability to generate asymmetric keys and self-signed certificates, or to install external asymmetric keys and certificates. Implementation of hierarchical model for encryption key management, similar to the ANSI X9.17 standard model. SQL functions to generate one-way hash codes and digital signatures, including SHA-1 and MD5 hashes. Additional SQL functions to encrypt and decrypt data. Extensions to the SQL language to support creation, use, and administration of encryption keys and certificates. SQL CLR extensions that provide access to .NET-based encryption functionality. Encryption in SQL Server 2008 Encryption demands have increased over the past few years. For instance, there has been a demand for the ability to store encryption keys “off-the-box,” physically separate from the database and the data it contains. Also there is a recognized requirement for legacy databases and applications to take advantage of encryption without changing the existing code base. To address these needs SQL Server 2008 adds the following features to its encryption arsenal: Transparent Data Encryption (TDE): Allows you to encrypt an entire database, including log files and the tempdb database, in such a way that it is transparent to client applications. Extensible Key Management (EKM): Allows you to store and manage your encryption keys on an external device known as a hardware security module (HSM). Cryptographic random number generation functionality. Additional cryptography-related catalog views and dynamic management views. SQL language extensions to support the new encryption functionality. The encryption book covers all the tools in its various chapter in one simple story. If you are interested how encryption evolved and reached to the stage where it is today, this book is must for everyone. You can read my earlier review of the book over here. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQLAuthority Book Review, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology Tagged: Encryption, SQL Server Encryption, SQLPASS

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  • Tip/Trick: Fix Common SEO Problems Using the URL Rewrite Extension

    - by ScottGu
    Search engine optimization (SEO) is important for any publically facing web-site.  A large % of traffic to sites now comes directly from search engines, and improving your site’s search relevancy will lead to more users visiting your site from search engine queries.  This can directly or indirectly increase the money you make through your site. This blog post covers how you can use the free Microsoft URL Rewrite Extension to fix a bunch of common SEO problems that your site might have.  It takes less than 15 minutes (and no code changes) to apply 4 simple URL Rewrite rules to your site, and in doing so cause search engines to drive more visitors and traffic to your site.  The techniques below work equally well with both ASP.NET Web Forms and ASP.NET MVC based sites.  They also works with all versions of ASP.NET (and even work with non-ASP.NET content). [In addition to blogging, I am also now using Twitter for quick updates and to share links. Follow me at: twitter.com/scottgu] Measuring the SEO of your website with the Microsoft SEO Toolkit A few months ago I blogged about the free SEO Toolkit that we’ve shipped.  This useful tool enables you to automatically crawl/scan your site for SEO correctness, and it then flags any SEO issues it finds.  I highly recommend downloading and using the tool against any public site you work on.  It makes it easy to spot SEO issues you might have in your site, and pinpoint ways to optimize it further. Below is a simple example of a report I ran against one of my sites (www.scottgu.com) prior to applying the URL Rewrite rules I’ll cover later in this blog post:   Search Relevancy and URL Splitting Two of the important things that search engines evaluate when assessing your site’s “search relevancy” are: How many other sites link to your content.  Search engines assume that if a lot of people around the web are linking to your content, then it is likely useful and so weight it higher in relevancy. The uniqueness of the content it finds on your site.  If search engines find that the content is duplicated in multiple places around the Internet (or on multiple URLs on your site) then it is likely to drop the relevancy of the content. One of the things you want to be very careful to avoid when building public facing sites is to not allow different URLs to retrieve the same content within your site.  Doing so will hurt with both of the situations above.  In particular, allowing external sites to link to the same content with multiple URLs will cause your link-count and page-ranking to be split up across those different URLs (and so give you a smaller page rank than what it would otherwise be if it was just one URL).  Not allowing external sites to link to you in different ways sounds easy in theory – but you might wonder what exactly this means in practice and how you avoid it. 4 Really Common SEO Problems Your Sites Might Have Below are 4 really common scenarios that can cause your site to inadvertently expose multiple URLs for the same content.  When this happens external sites linking to yours will end up splitting their page links across multiple URLs - and as a result cause you to have a lower page ranking with search engines than you deserve. SEO Problem #1: Default Document IIS (and other web servers) supports the concept of a “default document”.  This allows you to avoid having to explicitly specify the page you want to serve at either the root of the web-site/application, or within a sub-directory.  This is convenient – but means that by default this content is available via two different publically exposed URLs (which is bad).  For example: http://scottgu.com/ http://scottgu.com/default.aspx SEO Problem #2: Different URL Casings Web developers often don’t realize URLs are case sensitive to search engines on the web.  This means that search engines will treat the following links as two completely different URLs: http://scottgu.com/Albums.aspx http://scottgu.com/albums.aspx SEO Problem #3: Trailing Slashes Consider the below two URLs – they might look the same at first, but they are subtly different. The trailing slash creates yet another situation that causes search engines to treat the URLs as different and so split search rankings: http://scottgu.com http://scottgu.com/ SEO Problem #4: Canonical Host Names Sometimes sites support scenarios where they support a web-site with both a leading “www” hostname prefix as well as just the hostname itself.  This causes search engines to treat the URLs as different and split search rankling: http://scottgu.com/albums.aspx/ http://www.scottgu.com/albums.aspx/ How to Easily Fix these SEO Problems in 10 minutes (or less) using IIS Rewrite If you haven’t been careful when coding your sites, chances are you are suffering from one (or more) of the above SEO problems.  Addressing these issues will improve your search engine relevancy ranking and drive more traffic to your site. The “good news” is that fixing the above 4 issues is really easy using the URL Rewrite Extension.  This is a completely free Microsoft extension available for IIS 7.x (on Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 7 and Windows Vista).  The great thing about using the IIS Rewrite extension is that it allows you to fix the above problems *without* having to change any code within your applications.  You can easily install the URL Rewrite Extension in under 3 minutes using the Microsoft Web Platform Installer (a free tool we ship that automates setting up web servers and development machines).  Just click the green “Install Now” button on the URL Rewrite Spotlight page to install it on your Windows Server 2008, Windows 7 or Windows Vista machine: Once installed you’ll find that a new “URL Rewrite” icon is available within the IIS 7 Admin Tool: Double-clicking the icon will open up the URL Rewrite admin panel – which will display the list of URL Rewrite rules configured for a particular application or site: Notice that our rewrite rule list above is currently empty (which is the default when you first install the extension).  We can click the “Add Rule…” link button in the top-right of the panel to add and enable new URL Rewriting logic for our site.  Scenario 1: Handling Default Document Scenarios One of the SEO problems I discussed earlier in this post was the scenario where the “default document” feature of IIS causes you to inadvertently expose two URLs for the same content on your site.  For example: http://scottgu.com/ http://scottgu.com/default.aspx We can fix this by adding a new IIS Rewrite rule that automatically redirects anyone who navigates to the second URL to instead go to the first one.  We will setup the HTTP redirect to be a “permanent redirect” – which will indicate to search engines that they should follow the redirect and use the new URL they are redirected to as the identifier of the content they retrieve.  Let’s look at how we can create such a rule.  We’ll begin by clicking the “Add Rule” link in the screenshot above.  This will cause the below dialog to display: We’ll select the “Blank Rule” template within the “Inbound rules” section to create a new custom URL Rewriting rule.  This will display an empty pane like below: Don’t worry – setting up the above rule is easy.  The following 4 steps explain how to do so: Step 1: Name the Rule Our first step will be to name the rule we are creating.  Naming it with a descriptive name will make it easier to find and understand later.  Let’s name this rule our “Default Document URL Rewrite” rule: Step 2: Setup the Regular Expression that Matches this Rule Our second step will be to specify a regular expression filter that will cause this rule to execute when an incoming URL matches the regex pattern.   Don’t worry if you aren’t good with regular expressions - I suck at them too. The trick is to know someone who is good at them or copy/paste them from a web-site.  Below we are going to specify the following regular expression as our pattern rule: (.*?)/?Default\.aspx$ This pattern will match any URL string that ends with Default.aspx. The "(.*?)" matches any preceding character zero or more times. The "/?" part says to match the slash symbol zero or one times. The "$" symbol at the end will ensure that the pattern will only match strings that end with Default.aspx.  Combining all these regex elements allows this rule to work not only for the root of your web site (e.g. http://scottgu.com/default.aspx) but also for any application or subdirectory within the site (e.g. http://scottgu.com/photos/default.aspx.  Because the “ignore case” checkbox is selected it will match both “Default.aspx” as well as “default.aspx” within the URL.   One nice feature built-into the rule editor is a “Test pattern” button that you can click to bring up a dialog that allows you to test out a few URLs with the rule you are configuring: Above I've added a “products/default.aspx” URL and clicked the “Test” button.  This will give me immediate feedback on whether the rule will execute for it.  Step 3: Setup a Permanent Redirect Action We’ll then setup an action to occur when our regular expression pattern matches the incoming URL: In the dialog above I’ve changed the “Action Type” drop down to be a “Redirect” action.  The “Redirect Type” will be a HTTP 301 Permanent redirect – which means search engines will follow it. I’ve also set the “Redirect URL” property to be: {R:1}/ This indicates that we want to redirect the web client requesting the original URL to a new URL that has the originally requested URL path - minus the "Default.aspx" in it.  For example, requests for http://scottgu.com/default.aspx will be redirected to http://scottgu.com/, and requests for http://scottgu.com/photos/default.aspx will be redirected to http://scottgu.com/photos/ The "{R:N}" regex construct, where N >= 0, is called a back-reference and N is the back-reference index. In the case of our pattern "(.*?)/?Default\.aspx$", if the input URL is "products/Default.aspx" then {R:0} will contain "products/Default.aspx" and {R:1} will contain "products".  We are going to use this {R:1}/ value to be the URL we redirect users to.  Step 4: Apply and Save the Rule Our final step is to click the “Apply” button in the top right hand of the IIS admin tool – which will cause the tool to persist the URL Rewrite rule into our application’s root web.config file (under a <system.webServer/rewrite> configuration section): <configuration>     <system.webServer>         <rewrite>             <rules>                 <rule name="Default Document" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="(.*?)/?Default\.aspx$" />                     <action type="Redirect" url="{R:1}/" />                 </rule>             </rules>         </rewrite>     </system.webServer> </configuration> Because IIS 7.x and ASP.NET share the same web.config files, you can actually just copy/paste the above code into your web.config files using Visual Studio and skip the need to run the admin tool entirely.  This also makes adding/deploying URL Rewrite rules with your ASP.NET applications really easy. Step 5: Try the Rule Out Now that we’ve saved the rule, let’s try it out on our site.  Try the following two URLs on my site: http://scottgu.com/ http://scottgu.com/default.aspx Notice that the second URL automatically redirects to the first one.  Because it is a permanent redirect, search engines will follow the URL and should update the page ranking of http://scottgu.com to include links to http://scottgu.com/default.aspx as well. Scenario 2: Different URL Casing Another common SEO problem I discussed earlier in this post is that URLs are case sensitive to search engines on the web.  This means that search engines will treat the following links as two completely different URLs: http://scottgu.com/Albums.aspx http://scottgu.com/albums.aspx We can fix this by adding a new IIS Rewrite rule that automatically redirects anyone who navigates to the first URL to instead go to the second (all lower-case) one.  Like before, we will setup the HTTP redirect to be a “permanent redirect” – which will indicate to search engines that they should follow the redirect and use the new URL they are redirected to as the identifier of the content they retrieve. To create such a rule we’ll click the “Add Rule” link in the URL Rewrite admin tool again.  This will cause the “Add Rule” dialog to appear again: Unlike the previous scenario (where we created a “Blank Rule”), with this scenario we can take advantage of a built-in “Enforce lowercase URLs” rule template.  When we click the “ok” button we’ll see the following dialog which asks us if we want to create a rule that enforces the use of lowercase letters in URLs: When we click the “Yes” button we’ll get a pre-written rule that automatically performs a permanent redirect if an incoming URL has upper-case characters in it – and automatically send users to a lower-case version of the URL: We can click the “Apply” button to use this rule “as-is” and have it apply to all incoming URLs to our site.  Because my www.scottgu.com site uses ASP.NET Web Forms, I’m going to make one small change to the rule we generated above – which is to add a condition that will ensure that URLs to ASP.NET’s built-in “WebResource.axd” handler are excluded from our case-sensitivity URL Rewrite logic.  URLs to the WebResource.axd handler will only come from server-controls emitted from my pages – and will never be linked to from external sites.  While my site will continue to function fine if we redirect these URLs to automatically be lower-case – doing so isn’t necessary and will add an extra HTTP redirect to many of my pages.  The good news is that adding a condition that prevents my URL Rewriting rule from happening with certain URLs is easy.  We simply need to expand the “Conditions” section of the form above We can then click the “Add” button to add a condition clause.  This will bring up the “Add Condition” dialog: Above I’ve entered {URL} as the Condition input – and said that this rule should only execute if the URL does not match a regex pattern which contains the string “WebResource.axd”.  This will ensure that WebResource.axd URLs to my site will be allowed to execute just fine without having the URL be re-written to be all lower-case. Note: If you have static resources (like references to .jpg, .css, and .js files) within your site that currently use upper-case characters you’ll probably want to add additional condition filter clauses so that URLs to them also don’t get redirected to be lower-case (just add rules for patterns like .jpg, .gif, .js, etc).  Your site will continue to work fine if these URLs get redirected to be lower case (meaning the site won’t break) – but it will cause an extra HTTP redirect to happen on your site for URLs that don’t need to be redirected for SEO reasons.  So setting up a condition clause makes sense to add. When I click the “ok” button above and apply our lower-case rewriting rule the admin tool will save the following additional rule to our web.config file: <configuration>     <system.webServer>         <rewrite>             <rules>                 <rule name="Default Document" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="(.*?)/?Default\.aspx$" />                     <action type="Redirect" url="{R:1}/" />                 </rule>                 <rule name="Lower Case URLs" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="[A-Z]" ignoreCase="false" />                     <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false">                         <add input="{URL}" pattern="WebResource.axd" negate="true" />                     </conditions>                     <action type="Redirect" url="{ToLower:{URL}}" />                 </rule>             </rules>         </rewrite>     </system.webServer> </configuration> Try the Rule Out Now that we’ve saved the rule, let’s try it out on our site.  Try the following two URLs on my site: http://scottgu.com/Albums.aspx http://scottgu.com/albums.aspx Notice that the first URL (which has a capital “A”) automatically does a redirect to a lower-case version of the URL.  Scenario 3: Trailing Slashes Another common SEO problem I discussed earlier in this post is the scenario of trailing slashes within URLs.  The trailing slash creates yet another situation that causes search engines to treat the URLs as different and so split search rankings: http://scottgu.com http://scottgu.com/ We can fix this by adding a new IIS Rewrite rule that automatically redirects anyone who navigates to the first URL (that does not have a trailing slash) to instead go to the second one that does.  Like before, we will setup the HTTP redirect to be a “permanent redirect” – which will indicate to search engines that they should follow the redirect and use the new URL they are redirected to as the identifier of the content they retrieve.  To create such a rule we’ll click the “Add Rule” link in the URL Rewrite admin tool again.  This will cause the “Add Rule” dialog to appear again: The URL Rewrite admin tool has a built-in “Append or remove the trailing slash symbol” rule template.  When we select it and click the “ok” button we’ll see the following dialog which asks us if we want to create a rule that automatically redirects users to a URL with a trailing slash if one isn’t present: Like within our previous lower-casing rewrite rule we’ll add one additional condition clause that will exclude WebResource.axd URLs from being processed by this rule.  This will avoid an unnecessary redirect for happening for those URLs. When we click the “OK” button we’ll get a pre-written rule that automatically performs a permanent redirect if the URL doesn’t have a trailing slash – and if the URL is not processed by either a directory or a file.  This will save the following additional rule to our web.config file: <configuration>     <system.webServer>         <rewrite>             <rules>                 <rule name="Default Document" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="(.*?)/?Default\.aspx$" />                     <action type="Redirect" url="{R:1}/" />                 </rule>                 <rule name="Lower Case URLs" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="[A-Z]" ignoreCase="false" />                     <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false">                         <add input="{URL}" pattern="WebResource.axd" negate="true" />                     </conditions>                     <action type="Redirect" url="{ToLower:{URL}}" />                 </rule>                 <rule name="Trailing Slash" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="(.*[^/])$" />                     <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false">                         <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" />                         <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" />                         <add input="{URL}" pattern="WebResource.axd" negate="true" />                     </conditions>                     <action type="Redirect" url="{R:1}/" />                 </rule>             </rules>         </rewrite>     </system.webServer> </configuration> Try the Rule Out Now that we’ve saved the rule, let’s try it out on our site.  Try the following two URLs on my site: http://scottgu.com http://scottgu.com/ Notice that the first URL (which has no trailing slash) automatically does a redirect to a URL with the trailing slash.  Because it is a permanent redirect, search engines will follow the URL and update the page ranking. Scenario 4: Canonical Host Names The final SEO problem I discussed earlier are scenarios where a site works with both a leading “www” hostname prefix as well as just the hostname itself.  This causes search engines to treat the URLs as different and split search rankling: http://www.scottgu.com/albums.aspx http://scottgu.com/albums.aspx We can fix this by adding a new IIS Rewrite rule that automatically redirects anyone who navigates to the first URL (that has a www prefix) to instead go to the second URL.  Like before, we will setup the HTTP redirect to be a “permanent redirect” – which will indicate to search engines that they should follow the redirect and use the new URL they are redirected to as the identifier of the content they retrieve.  To create such a rule we’ll click the “Add Rule” link in the URL Rewrite admin tool again.  This will cause the “Add Rule” dialog to appear again: The URL Rewrite admin tool has a built-in “Canonical domain name” rule template.  When we select it and click the “ok” button we’ll see the following dialog which asks us if we want to create a redirect rule that automatically redirects users to a primary host name URL: Above I’m entering the primary URL address I want to expose to the web: scottgu.com.  When we click the “OK” button we’ll get a pre-written rule that automatically performs a permanent redirect if the URL has another leading domain name prefix.  This will save the following additional rule to our web.config file: <configuration>     <system.webServer>         <rewrite>             <rules>                 <rule name="Cannonical Hostname">                     <match url="(.*)" />                     <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false">                         <add input="{HTTP_HOST}" pattern="^scottgu\.com$" negate="true" />                     </conditions>                     <action type="Redirect" url="http://scottgu.com/{R:1}" />                 </rule>                 <rule name="Default Document" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="(.*?)/?Default\.aspx$" />                     <action type="Redirect" url="{R:1}/" />                 </rule>                 <rule name="Lower Case URLs" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="[A-Z]" ignoreCase="false" />                     <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false">                         <add input="{URL}" pattern="WebResource.axd" negate="true" />                     </conditions>                     <action type="Redirect" url="{ToLower:{URL}}" />                 </rule>                 <rule name="Trailing Slash" stopProcessing="true">                     <match url="(.*[^/])$" />                     <conditions logicalGrouping="MatchAll" trackAllCaptures="false">                         <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsDirectory" negate="true" />                         <add input="{REQUEST_FILENAME}" matchType="IsFile" negate="true" />                         <add input="{URL}" pattern="WebResource.axd" negate="true" />                     </conditions>                     <action type="Redirect" url="{R:1}/" />                 </rule>             </rules>         </rewrite>     </system.webServer> </configuration> Try the Rule Out Now that we’ve saved the rule, let’s try it out on our site.  Try the following two URLs on my site: http://www.scottgu.com/albums.aspx http://scottgu.com/albums.aspx Notice that the first URL (which has the “www” prefix) now automatically does a redirect to the second URL which does not have the www prefix.  Because it is a permanent redirect, search engines will follow the URL and update the page ranking. 4 Simple Rules for Improved SEO The above 4 rules are pretty easy to setup and should take less than 15 minutes to configure on existing sites you already have.  The beauty of using a solution like the URL Rewrite Extension is that you can take advantage of it without having to change code within your web-site – and without having to break any existing links already pointing at your site.  Users who follow existing links will be automatically redirected to the new URLs you wish to publish.  And search engines will start to give your site a higher search relevancy ranking – which will list your site higher in search results and drive more traffic to it. Customizing your URL Rewriting rules further is easy to-do either by editing the web.config file directly, or alternatively, just double click the URL Rewrite icon within the IIS 7.x admin tool and it will list all the active rules for your web-site or application: Clicking any of the rules above will open the rules editor back up and allow you to tweak/customize/save them further. Summary Measuring and improving SEO is something every developer building a public-facing web-site needs to think about and focus on.  If you haven’t already, download and use the SEO Toolkit to analyze the SEO of your sites today. New URL Routing features in ASP.NET MVC and ASP.NET Web Forms 4 make it much easier to build applications that have more control over the URLs that are published.  Tools like the URL Rewrite Extension that I’ve talked about in this blog post make it much easier to improve the URLs that are published from sites you already have built today – without requiring you to change a lot of code. The URL Rewrite Extension provides a bunch of additional great capabilities – far beyond just SEO - as well.  I’ll be covering these additional capabilities more in future blog posts. Hope this helps, Scott

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  • cannot make ubuntu 64-bit v12.04 install work

    - by honestann
    I decided it was time to update my ubuntu (single boot) computer from 64-bit v10.04 to 64-bit v12.04. Unfortunately, for some reason (or reasons) I just can't make it work. Note that I am attempting a fresh install of 64-bit v12.04 onto a new 3TB hard disk, not an upgrade of the 1TB hard disk that contains my working 64-bit v10.04 installation. To perform the attempted install of v12.04 I unplug the SATA cable from the 1TB drive and plug it into the 3TB drive (to avoid risking damage to my working v10.04 installation). I downloaded the ubuntu 64-bit v12.04 install DVD ISO file (~1.6 GB) from the ubuntu releases webpage and burned it onto a DVD. I have downloaded the DVD ISO file 3 times and burned 3 of these installation DVDs (twice with v10.04 and once with my winxp64 system), but none of them work. I run the "check disk" on the DVDs at the beginning of the installation process to assure the DVD is valid. When installation completes and the system boots the 3TB drive, it reports "unknown filesystem". After installation on the 250GB drives, the system boots up fine. During every install I plug the same SATA cable (sda) into only one disk drive (the 3TB or one of the 250GB drives) and leave the other disk drives unconnected (for simplicity). It is my understanding that 64-bit ubuntu (and 64-bit linux in general) has no problem with 3TB disk drives. In the BIOS I have tried having EFI set to "enabled" and "auto" with no apparent difference (no success). I never bothered setting the BIOS to "non-EFI". I have tried partitioning the drive in a few ways to see if that makes a difference, but so far it has not mattered. Typically I manually create partitions something like this: 8GB /boot ext4 8GB swap 3TB / ext4 But I've also tried the following, just in case it matters: 8GB boot efi 8GB swap 8GB /boot ext4 3TB / ext4 Note: In the partition dialog I specify bootup on the same drive I am partitioning and installing ubuntu v12.04 onto. It is a VERY DANGEROUS FACT that the default for this always comes up with the wrong drive (some other drive, generally the external drive). Unless I'm stupid or misunderstanding something, this is very wrong and very dangerous default behavior. Note: If I connect the SATA cable to the 1TB drive that has been my ubuntu 64-bit v10.04 system drive for the past 2 years, it boots up and runs fine. I guess there must be a log file somewhere, and maybe it gives some hints as to what the problem is. I should be able to boot off the 1TB drive with the 3TB drive connected as a secondary (non-boot) drive and get the log file, assuming there is one and someone tells me the name (and where to find it if the name is very generic). After installation on the 3TB drive completes and the system reboots, the following prints out on a black screen: Loading Operating System ... Boot from CD/DVD : Boot from CD/DVD : error: unknown filesystem grub rescue> Note: I have two DVD burners in the system, hence the duplicate line above. Note: I install and boot 64-bit ubuntu v12.04 on both of my 250GB in this same system, but still cannot make the 3TB drive boot. Sigh. Any ideas? ========== motherboard == gigabyte 990FXA-UD7 CPU == AMD FX-8150 8-core bulldozer @ 3.6 GHz RAM == 8GB of DDR3 in 2 sticks (matched pair) HDD == seagate 3TB SATA3 @ 7200 rpm (new install 64-bit v12.04 FAILS) HDD == seagate 1TB SATA3 @ 7200 rpm (64-bit v10.04 WORKS for two years) HDD == seagate 250GB SATA2 @ 7200 rpm (new install 64-bit v12.04 WORKS) HDD == seagate 250GB SATA2 @ 7200 rpm (new install 64-bit v12.04 WORKS) GPU == nvidia GTX-285 ??? == no overclocking or other funky business USB == external seagate 2TB HDD for making backups DVD == one bluray burner (SATA) DVD == one DVD burner (SATA) 64-bit ubuntu v10.04 has booted and run fine on the seagate 1TB drive for 2 years.

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  • Silverlight Cream for January 30, 2011 -- #1037

    - by Dave Campbell
    In this Issue: Ollie Riches, Colin Eberhardt, Andrej Tozon, Arik Poznanski, Deborah Kurata(-2-), Jay Kimble, Yochay Kiriaty, Peter Kuhn, Mike Ormond, WindowsPhoneGeek(-2-), and Matthias Shapiro. Above the Fold: Silverlight: "Missing Chart Legend" Deborah Kurata WP7: "XNA for Silverlight developers: Part 2 - Text rendering" Peter Kuhn Shoutouts: Timmy Kokke has a post up discussing What’s new in the Expression Design January 2011 preview? From SilverlightCream.com: WP7Contrib: Thread safe ObservableCollection<T> Ollie Riches, one of the two originators of WP7Contrib, has a post up on the WP7C ObservableCollection... what and why. Windows Phone 7 DeferredLoadContentControl Colin Eberhardt's latest is one we should all take notice of... a content control that defers rendering to provide a better user experience... source code is available as are some good external links Andrej Tozon on Hey weigh! WP7 application SilverlightShow interviews WP7 Dev Andrej Tozon and gets his take on his app, challenges, tips, and the future of WP7. A ProgressBar With Text For Windows Phone 7 Arik Poznanski demonstrates putting text up on the progress bar to let your users know what you're up to... and it looks great in the screenshots. Charting in a Silverlight Application using MVVM Deborah Kurata is checking out the Charting control this time around... using the charting control from the toolbox in the MVVM app she built in the last post... C# and VB code as always. Missing Chart Legend Deborah Kurata's latest in the world of Charting and MVVM involves using a custom theme and having your chart legend disappear... never fear, she's gonna tell you how to fix that! Silverlight/WP7 tip: Detecting when in VS Design Mode Jay Kimble has a post up that not only resolves a question you may need answered during development (are you in VS design Mode), but it also helps resolve a class of problem that Jay explains. Windows Phone GPS Emulator Yochay Kiriaty points out that while part of the issues of building a GPS-driven app for WP7 is getting your head around the tools, the next hurdle is testing... and that's what he's really discussing... "Windows Phone GPS Emulator" ... if you're playing with the GPS, you'll want this. XNA for Silverlight developers: Part 2 - Text rendering Peter Kuhn's latest tutorial in his XNA series for Silverlight developers is up at SilverlightShow... in this tutorial, Peter discusses text... it's a vastly different game displaying text in XNA as compared to Silverlight ... check it out and see. OData and Windows Phone 7 Mike Ormond starts you off using OData on your WP7 by showing where to download the libraries, and not stopping until he has an app running that reads an OData feed, plus he plans on continuing the quest in future posts. WP7 ProgressOverlay control in depth: features and customization WindowsPhoneGeek has a couple new posts up. The first one is an in-depth look at the ProgressOverlay control in the Codeing4fun Toolkit... pretty cool to be able to put your logo or app logo up. On Testing Windows Phone 7 Applications – Part II: Dealing with the WP7 Application Model WindowsPhoneGeek also has 5 more WP7 testing tips... and these are a little more technical than the first set, and includes some good external links. Topics include: Tombstoning, Usability, Navigation, Capabilities, and Memory consumption. Fun Theme-Friendly Windows Phone Icon Matthias Shapiro explains how to have your WP7 icon change based on the theme your user has chosen... great examples, and XAML included Stay in the 'Light! Twitter SilverlightNews | Twitter WynApse | WynApse.com | Tagged Posts | SilverlightCream Join me @ SilverlightCream | Phoenix Silverlight User Group Technorati Tags: Silverlight    Silverlight 3    Silverlight 4    Windows Phone MIX10

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