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• How to move a sprite on a slope in chipmunk Spacemanager

  - by Anil gupta

  I have used one polygon shape image (terrain) in my game. It's just like a mountain, and now I want to move the tanker on a mountain path from one side to the other and then turn around at the edge of the screen and go back. I don't understand the method to move the tanker on the slope (image) path in chipmunk spacemanager. When collision detection happens like that, if any bomb falls on the slope (image of mountain) then I want to do a little damage to the slope (image of mountain) like this video.

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• Dynamically creating astar node map by triangular polygonal map

  - by jett

  My game's map format uses a bunch of triangles to make up the platforms and terrain in 2d. Right now I can set up a 2d array of nodes for the astar algorithm that basically is a bunch of rectangles across the maps x and y that can be set to "wall" if the a* algorithm should try to go around it. However I want a function in the map loader to create the node overlay if the nodes are not specified. I was thinking if more than n percent of the a* rectangle overlaid on map was filled by polygons I could mark that entry in the array as "wall". However I'm stuck on how to do this(or even start) where/when the triangles can be overlapping and also of variable size.

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• Java - Resize images upon class instantiation

  - by Tyler J Fisher

  Hey StackExchange GameDev community, I'm attempting to: Resize series of sprites upon instantiation of the class they're located in (x2) I've attempted to use the following code to resize the images, however my attempts have been unsuccessful. I have been unable to write an implementation that is even compilable, so no error codes yet. wLeft.getScaledInstance(wLeft.getWidth()*2, wLeft.getHeight()*2, Image.SCALE_FAST); I've heard that Graphics2D is the best option. Any suggestions? I think I'm probably best off loading the images into a Java project, resizing the images then outputting them to a new directory so as not to have to resize each sprite upon class instantiation. What do you think? Photoshopping each individual sprite is out of the question, unless I used a macro. Code: package game; //Import import java.awt.Image; import javax.swing.ImageIcon; public class Mario extends Human { Image wLeft = new ImageIcon("sprites\\mario\\wLeft.PNG").getImage(); //Constructor public Mario(){ super("Mario", 50); wLeft.getScaledInstance(wLeft.getWidth()*2, wLeft.getHeight()*2, Image.SCALE_FAST); } Thanks! Note: not homework, just thought Mario would be a good, overused starting point in game dev.

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• 2D Physics Engine to Handle Shapes Composed of Multiple Densities XNA

  - by Stupac

  The game I'm working on involves shapes that might be composed of multiple materials in a variety of ways. Let's just take for example a wooden rod with and sizable tip of iron or say a block composed of a couple triangles of stone and aluminum and small nugget of gold. The shapes and compositions will change from time to time, so I was wondering what engine I should use and how I might implement this feature? I've looked at Farseer 3, but I'm still trying to decipher the library by reading the source and the samples and wasn't sure if I was barking up the wrong tree. Thanks!

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• GLSL Atmospheric Scattering Issue

  - by mtf1200

  I am attempting to use Sean O'Neil's shaders to accomplish atmospheric scattering. For now I am just using SkyFromSpace and GroundFromSpace. The atmosphere works fine but the planet itself is just a giant dark sphere with a white blotch that follows the camera. I think the problem might rest in the "v3Attenuation" variable as when this is removed the sphere is show (albeit without scattering). Here is the vertex shader. Thanks for the time! uniform mat4 g_WorldViewProjectionMatrix; uniform mat4 g_WorldMatrix; uniform vec3 m_v3CameraPos; // The camera's current position uniform vec3 m_v3LightPos; // The direction vector to the light source uniform vec3 m_v3InvWavelength; // 1 / pow(wavelength, 4) for the red, green, and blue channels uniform float m_fCameraHeight; // The camera's current height uniform float m_fCameraHeight2; // fCameraHeight^2 uniform float m_fOuterRadius; // The outer (atmosphere) radius uniform float m_fOuterRadius2; // fOuterRadius^2 uniform float m_fInnerRadius; // The inner (planetary) radius uniform float m_fInnerRadius2; // fInnerRadius^2 uniform float m_fKrESun; // Kr * ESun uniform float m_fKmESun; // Km * ESun uniform float m_fKr4PI; // Kr * 4 * PI uniform float m_fKm4PI; // Km * 4 * PI uniform float m_fScale; // 1 / (fOuterRadius - fInnerRadius) uniform float m_fScaleDepth; // The scale depth (i.e. the altitude at which the atmosphere's average density is found) uniform float m_fScaleOverScaleDepth; // fScale / fScaleDepth attribute vec4 inPosition; vec3 v3ELightPos = vec3(g_WorldMatrix * vec4(m_v3LightPos, 1.0)); vec3 v3ECameraPos= vec3(g_WorldMatrix * vec4(m_v3CameraPos, 1.0)); const int nSamples = 2; const float fSamples = 2.0; varying vec4 color; float scale(float fCos) { float x = 1.0 - fCos; return m_fScaleDepth * exp(-0.00287 + x*(0.459 + x*(3.83 + x*(-6.80 + x*5.25)))); } void main(void) { gl_Position = g_WorldViewProjectionMatrix * inPosition; // Get the ray from the camera to the vertex and its length (which is the far point of the ray passing through the atmosphere) vec3 v3Pos = vec3(g_WorldMatrix * inPosition); vec3 v3Ray = v3Pos - v3ECameraPos; float fFar = length(v3Ray); v3Ray /= fFar; // Calculate the closest intersection of the ray with the outer atmosphere (which is the near point of the ray passing through the atmosphere) float B = 2.0 * dot(m_v3CameraPos, v3Ray); float C = m_fCameraHeight2 - m_fOuterRadius2; float fDet = max(0.0, B*B - 4.0 * C); float fNear = 0.5 * (-B - sqrt(fDet)); // Calculate the ray's starting position, then calculate its scattering offset vec3 v3Start = m_v3CameraPos + v3Ray * fNear; fFar -= fNear; float fDepth = exp((m_fInnerRadius - m_fOuterRadius) / m_fScaleDepth); float fCameraAngle = dot(-v3Ray, v3Pos) / fFar; float fLightAngle = dot(v3ELightPos, v3Pos) / fFar; float fCameraScale = scale(fCameraAngle); float fLightScale = scale(fLightAngle); float fCameraOffset = fDepth*fCameraScale; float fTemp = (fLightScale + fCameraScale); // Initialize the scattering loop variables float fSampleLength = fFar / fSamples; float fScaledLength = fSampleLength * m_fScale; vec3 v3SampleRay = v3Ray * fSampleLength; vec3 v3SamplePoint = v3Start + v3SampleRay * 0.5; // Now loop through the sample rays vec3 v3FrontColor = vec3(0.0, 0.0, 0.0); vec3 v3Attenuate; for(int i=0; i<nSamples; i++) { float fHeight = length(v3SamplePoint); float fDepth = exp(m_fScaleOverScaleDepth * (m_fInnerRadius - fHeight)); float fScatter = fDepth*fTemp - fCameraOffset; v3Attenuate = exp(-fScatter * (m_v3InvWavelength * m_fKr4PI + m_fKm4PI)); v3FrontColor += v3Attenuate * (fDepth * fScaledLength); v3SamplePoint += v3SampleRay; } vec3 first = v3FrontColor * (m_v3InvWavelength * m_fKrESun + m_fKmESun); vec3 secondary = v3Attenuate; color = vec4((first + vec3(0.25,0.25,0.25) * secondary), 1.0); // ^^ that color is passed to the frag shader and is used as the gl_FragColor } Here is also an image of the problem image

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• How can I write only to the stencil buffer in OpenGL ES 2.0?

  - by stephelton

  I'd like to write to the stencil buffer without incurring the cost of my expensive shaders. As I understand it, I write to the stencil buffer as a 'side effect' of rendering something. In this first pass where I write to the stencil buffer, I don't want to write anything to the color or depth buffer, and I definitely don't want to run through my lighting equations in my shaders. Do I need to create no-op shaders for this (and can I just discard fragments), or is there a better way to do this? As the title says, I'm using OpenGL ES 2.0. I haven't used the stencil buffer before, so if I seem to be misunderstanding something, feel free to be verbose.

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• Can GMod/SFM models be converted to Unity GameObjects?

  - by Supuhstar

  Someone made a suite of GMod/SFM models available for free for people making games and videos in GMod and SFM. These are of type .dmx, .dx80.vtx, .dx90.vtx, .mdl, .phy, .sw.vtx, .vvd, .vmt, and .vtf. I fon't use GMod or SFM, so I don't know what these are, thus making it hard for me to manually convert them. Is there any way to change these into files Unity can recognize and use? I'd like to have an easy step from converting them, but I would also accept instructions on how to export them to generic mesh/skeleton/texture files, and then how to import and combine these in Unity.

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• Comparison between Cocos2d and Corona

  - by dontangg

  I'm having a really hard time deciding which way to go on this. I'm about to start developing a game and I haven't been able to find many good comparisons between these approaches. I don't have many requirements for the game yet, but here is what I do know. needs to work on iPhone I don't have much money ($400 for Unity for iPhone is probably too much. I can probably afford $99 for Corona.) Graphics will be 2D Physics support is not needed Ability to use particles would be nice Game Center support would be nice (Corona is planning to support it soon) It would be nice to be able to support Android as well if it isn't much effort. I have done my own research, so I know basic things about them. I know Corona uses Lua and Cocos2D uses Objective C. I know that Corona allows deployment to iPhone and Android, but how easy is it? Cocos2D is free, but so many people talk about how easy it is to use Corona, but I don't like being restricted to features Corona supports or the price tag. I feel so torn here.

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• OpenGL - Stack overflow if I do, Stack underflow if I don't!

  - by Wayne Werner

  Hi, I'm in a multimedia class in college, and we're "learning" OpenGL as part of the class. I'm trying to figure out how the OpenGL camera vs. modelview works, and so I found this example. I'm trying to port the example to Python using the OpenGL bindings - it starts up OpenGL much faster, so for testing purposes it's a lot nicer - but I keep running into a stack overflow error with the glPushMatrix in this code: def cube(): for x in xrange(10): glPushMatrix() glTranslated(-positionx[x + 1] * 10, 0, -positionz[x + 1] * 10); #translate the cube glutSolidCube(2); #draw the cube glPopMatrix(); According to this reference, that happens when the matrix stack is full. So I thought, "well, if it's full, let me just pop the matrix off the top of the stack, and there will be room". I modified the code to: def cube(): glPopMatrix() for x in xrange(10): glPushMatrix() glTranslated(-positionx[x + 1] * 10, 0, -positionz[x + 1] * 10); #translate the cube glutSolidCube(2); #draw the cube glPopMatrix(); And now I get a buffer underflow error - which apparently happens when the stack has only one matrix. So am I just waaay off base in my understanding? Or is there some way to increase the matrix stack size? Also, if anyone has some good (online) references (examples, etc.) for understanding how the camera/model matrices work together, I would sincerely appreciate them! Thanks!

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• Jumping Vs. Gravity

  - by PhaDaPhunk

  Hi i'm working on my first XNA 2D game and I have a little problem. If I jump, my sprite jumps but does not fall down. And I also have another problem, the user can hold spacebar to jump as high as he wants and I don't know how to keep him from doing that. Here's my code: The Jump : if (FaKeyboard.IsKeyDown(Keys.Space)) { Jumping = true; xPosition -= new Vector2(0, 5); } if (xPosition.Y >= 10) { Jumping = false; Grounded = false; } The really simple basic Gravity: if (!Grounded && !Jumping) { xPosition += new Vector2(1, 3) * speed; } Here's where's the grounded is set to True or False with a Collision Rectangle MegamanRectangle = new Rectangle((int)xPosition.X, (int)xPosition.Y, FrameSizeDraw.X, FrameSizeDraw.Y); Rectangle Block1Rectangle = new Rectangle((int)0, (int)73, Block1.Width, Block1.Height); Rectangle Block2Rectangle = new Rectangle((int)500, (int)73, Block2.Width, Block2.Height); if ((MegamanRectangle.Intersects(Block1Rectangle) || (MegamanRectangle.Intersects(Block2Rectangle)))) { Grounded = true; } else { Grounded = false; } The grounded bool and The gravity have been tested and are working. Any ideas why? Thanks in advance and don't hesitate to ask if you need another Part of the Code.

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• How to wire finite state machine into component-based architecture?

  - by Pup

  State machines seem to cause harmful dependencies in component-based architectures. How, specifically, is communication handled between a state machine and the components that carry out state-related behavior? Where I'm at: I'm new to component-based architectures. I'm making a fighting game, although I don't think that should matter. I envision my state machine being used to toggle states like "crouching", "dashing", "blocking", etc. I've found this state-management technique to be the most natural system for a component-based architecture, but it conflicts with techniques I've read about: Dynamic Game Object Component System for Mutable Behavior Characters It suggests that all components activate/deactivate themselves by continually checking a condition for activation. I think that actions like "running" or "walking" make sense as states, which is in disagreement with the accepted response here: finite state machine used in mario like platform game I've found this useful, but ambiguous: How to implement behavior in a component-based game architecture? It suggests having a separate component that contains nothing but a state machine. But, this necessitates some kind of coupling between the state machine component and nearly all the other components. I don't understand how this coupling should be handled. These are some guesses: A. Components depend on state machine: Components receive reference to state machine component's getState(), which returns an enumeration constant. Components update themselves regularly and check this as needed. B. State machine depends on components: The state machine component receives references to all the components it's monitoring. It queries their getState() methods to see where they're at. C. Some abstraction between them Use an event hub? Command pattern? D. Separate state objects that reference components State Pattern is used. Separate state objects are created, which activate/deactivate a set of components. State machine switches between state objects. I'm looking at components as implementations of aspects. They do everything that's needed internally to make that aspect happen. It seems like components should function on their own, without relying on other components. I know some dependencies are necessary, but state machines seem to want to control all of my components.

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• XNA Skinning Sample - exporting from Blender recognize only first animation clip

  - by Taylor

  (and sorry for my English) I'm using animation components from XNA Skinning Sample. It works great but when I export a model from Blender, it does not recognize any other animation clips than the first one. So I have three animation clips, but XNA recognize only one. Also, when I looked up on Xml file of the model in Debug\Content\obj directory, there is only one animation clip, but when I check code directly from .fbx file, it seems to be alright. Link to my model files: https://skydrive.live.com/redir?resid=8480AF53198F0CF3!139 BIG Thanks in forward!

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• shader coding: calculate screen coordinates of fragment

  - by Jay

  Good morning, I'm new to shader coding and trying to implement some visual effects code in shaders using billboards. (Yes, I couldn't have picked anything harder to start with, but I'm lucky that way) Setup: I have rendered the full screen z depth to an array of floats in a previous pass. In the fragment shader I need the scene depth where the rendered fragment is displayed (to see if it's occluded). I can use tex2d() to get the depth value if I have the screen coordinates of the point being rendered in the fragment shader. Question: In the fragment shader how do you calculate the screen coordinates of the pixel (in the range 0-1.0)? Is the position passed to the fragment shader a pixel offset? If so, I guess it would be: float2( position.x / screen-width, position.y / screen-height ) Thanks for any help/

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• How to implement turn-based game engine?

  - by Dvole

  Let's imagine game like Heroes of Might and Magic, or Master of Orion, or your turn-based game of choice. What is the game logic behind making next turn? Are there any materials or books to read about the topic? To be specific, let's imagine game loop: void eventsHandler(); //something that responds to input void gameLogic(); //something that decides whats going to be output on the screen void render(); //this function outputs stuff on screen All those are getting called say 60 times a second. But how turn-based enters here? I might imagine that in gameLogic() there is a function like endTurn() that happens when a player clicks that button, but how do I handle it all? Need insights.

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• How do I implement camera axis aligned billboards?

  - by user19787

  I am trying to make an axis-aligned billboard with Pyglet. I have looked at several tutorials, but they only show me how to get the up, right, and look vectors. So far this is what I have: target = cam.pos look = norm(target - billboard.pos) right = norm(Vector3(0,1,0) * look) up = look * right gluLookAt( look.x, look.y, look.z, self.pos.x, self.pos.y, self.pos.z, up.x, up.y, up.z ) This does nothing for me visibly. Any idea what I'm doing wrong?

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• A list of game mechanics

  - by Iain

  I'm trying to compile a list of game mechanics, by which I mean high-level/meta game mechanics like Cooperation, Resource Management, Chance and Time Manipulation rather than low level mechanics like running, jumping climbing ladders, etc Does any one have any suggestions or can point me to good existing lists? My WIP list is already proving to be quite useful to me in the way I think about games.

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• Technical differences between square and hexagon for a grid?

  - by Marlon Dias

  I'm developing a 2D city-building game and trying to decide on the type of grid. There will be vehicles, so the unit movement is important too. I know there are visual differences for using Squares or Hexagons, what I want know is: What are the issues for programming each type of grid regarding implementation and performance? Is there a tradeoff or specific benefit for using one of them in a game context?

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• BoundingBox created from mesh to origin, making it bigger

  - by Gunnar Södergren

  I'm working on a level-based survival game and I want to design my scenes in Maya and export them as a single model (with multiple meshes) into XNA. My problem is that when I try to create Bounding Boxes(for Collision purposes) for each of the meshes, the are calculated from origin to the far-end of the current mesh, so to speak. I'm thinking that it might have something to do with the position each mesh brings from Maya and that it's interpreted wrongly... or something. Here's the code for when I create the boxes: private static BoundingBox CreateBoundingBox(Model model, ModelMesh mesh) { Matrix[] boneTransforms = new Matrix[model.Bones.Count]; model.CopyAbsoluteBoneTransformsTo(boneTransforms); BoundingBox result = new BoundingBox(); foreach (ModelMeshPart meshPart in mesh.MeshParts) { BoundingBox? meshPartBoundingBox = GetBoundingBox(meshPart, boneTransforms[mesh.ParentBone.Index]); if (meshPartBoundingBox != null) result = BoundingBox.CreateMerged(result, meshPartBoundingBox.Value); } result = new BoundingBox(result.Min, result.Max); return result; } private static BoundingBox? GetBoundingBox(ModelMeshPart meshPart, Matrix transform) { if (meshPart.VertexBuffer == null) return null; Vector3[] positions = VertexElementExtractor.GetVertexElement(meshPart, VertexElementUsage.Position); if (positions == null) return null; Vector3[] transformedPositions = new Vector3[positions.Length]; Vector3.Transform(positions, ref transform, transformedPositions); for (int i = 0; i < transformedPositions.Length; i++) { Console.WriteLine(" " + transformedPositions[i]); } return BoundingBox.CreateFromPoints(transformedPositions); } public static class VertexElementExtractor { public static Vector3[] GetVertexElement(ModelMeshPart meshPart, VertexElementUsage usage) { VertexDeclaration vd = meshPart.VertexBuffer.VertexDeclaration; VertexElement[] elements = vd.GetVertexElements(); Func<VertexElement, bool> elementPredicate = ve => ve.VertexElementUsage == usage && ve.VertexElementFormat == VertexElementFormat.Vector3; if (!elements.Any(elementPredicate)) return null; VertexElement element = elements.First(elementPredicate); Vector3[] vertexData = new Vector3[meshPart.NumVertices]; meshPart.VertexBuffer.GetData((meshPart.VertexOffset * vd.VertexStride) + element.Offset, vertexData, 0, vertexData.Length, vd.VertexStride); return vertexData; } } Here's a link to the picture of the mesh(The model holds six meshes, but I'm only rendering one and it's bounding box to make it clearer: http://www.gsodergren.se/portfolio/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Screen-shot-2011-10-24-at-1.16.37-AM.png The mesh that I'm refering to is the Cubelike one. The cylinder is a completely different model and not part of any bounding box calculation. I've double- (and tripple-)-checked that this mesh corresponds to this bounding box. Any thoughts on what I'm doing wrong?

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• Win32 strange exception

  - by Christian Frantz

  When creating 2500 objects, I get a strange windows exception. It says the operation copmleted successfully at my constructor line. The program doesn't run or anything. I'm assuming it has something to do with memory. Each object has 32 indices and 8 vertices, so that 640,000 bytes or whatever vertices and indices are stored as. Any idea on how to fix this? Creating 25 objects works fine\ System.ComponentModel.Win32Exception was unhandled Message=The operation completed successfully Source=System.Drawing ErrorCode=-2147467259 NativeErrorCode=0 StackTrace: at System.Drawing.Icon.Initialize(Int32 width, Int32 height) at System.Drawing.Icon..ctor(Type type, String resource) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.WindowsGameWindow.GetDefaultIcon() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.WindowsGameWindow..ctor() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.WindowsGameHost..ctor(Game game) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.EnsureHost() at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game..ctor() at Cube_Chaser.Cube..ctor(GraphicsDevice graphicsDevice, Vector3 Position, Color Color) in C:\Users\daj\Desktop\Cube Chaser after removal of cubedrawable - Copy\Cube Chaser\Cube Chaser\Cube.cs:line 31 at Cube_Chaser.Cube.CreateMap() in C:\Users\user\Desktop\Cube Chaser after removal of cubedrawable - Copy\Cube Chaser\Cube Chaser\Cube.cs:line 247 at Cube_Chaser.Game1.LoadContent() in C:\Users\daj\Desktop\Cube Chaser after removal of cubedrawable - Copy\Cube Chaser\Cube Chaser\Game1.cs:line 86 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Initialize() at Cube_Chaser.Game1.Initialize() in C:\Users\daj\Desktop\Cube Chaser after removal of cubedrawable - Copy\Cube Chaser\Cube Chaser\Game1.cs:line 77 at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.RunGame(Boolean useBlockingRun) at Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game.Run() at Cube_Chaser.Program.Main(String[] args) in C:\Users\user\Desktop\Cube Chaser after removal of cubedrawable - Copy\Cube Chaser\Cube Chaser\Program.cs:line 15 InnerException:

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• problems with my slotgame [delphi]

  - by Raiden2k

  hey guys im coding at the moment on a slotgame for the learning effect. here is the source code. my questions are below: unit Unit1; {$mode objfpc}{$H+} interface uses Classes, SysUtils, Windows, FileUtil, Forms, Controls, Graphics, Dialogs, StdCtrls, ExtCtrls, ComCtrls, Menus, ActnList, Spin, FileCtrl; type { TForm1 } TForm1 = class(TForm) FloatSpinEdit1: TFloatSpinEdit; Guthabenlb: TLabel; s4: TLabel; s5: TLabel; s6: TLabel; s7: TLabel; s8: TLabel; s9: TLabel; Timer3: TTimer; Winlb: TLabel; Loselb: TLabel; slotbn: TButton; s1: TLabel; s2: TLabel; s3: TLabel; Timer1: TTimer; Timer2: TTimer; procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject); procedure slotbnClick(Sender: TObject); procedure Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject); procedure Timer2Timer(Sender: TObject); procedure Timer3Timer(Sender: TObject); private { private declarations } FRollen : array [0..2, 0..9] of String; public { public declarations } end; var Form1: TForm1; wins,loses : Integer; guthaben : Double = 10; implementation {$R *.lfm} { TForm1 } procedure TForm1.slotbnClick(Sender: TObject); begin Guthaben := Guthaben - 1.00; Guthabenlb.Caption := FloatToStr(guthaben) + (' €'); Timer1.Enabled := True; Timer2.Enabled := True; slotbn.Enabled := false; end; procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject); var i: integer; j: integer; n: integer; digits: TStringlist; begin Digits := TStringList.Create; try for i := low(FRollen) to high(FRollen) do begin for j := low(FRollen[i]) to high(FRollen[i]) do Digits.Add(IntToStr(j)); for j := low(FRollen[i]) to high(FRollen[i]) do begin n := Random(Digits.Count); FRollen[i, j] := Digits[n]; Digits.Delete(n); end; end finally Digits.Free; end; for i:=low(FRollen) to high(FRollen) do begin end; end; //==================================================================================================\\ // Drehen der Slots im Zufallsmodus //==================================================================================================// procedure TForm1.Timer1Timer(Sender: TObject); begin s1.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s2.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s3.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s4.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s5.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s6.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s7.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s8.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); s9.Caption := IntToStr(Random(9)); end; //==================================================================================================// //===================================================================================================\\ // Gewonnen / Verloren abfrage //===================================================================================================// procedure TForm1.Timer2Timer(Sender: TObject); begin Timer1.Enabled := False; Timer2.Enabled := false; if (s1.Caption = s5.Caption) and (s1.Caption = s9.Caption) then begin Guthaben := Guthaben + 5.00; Inc(wins); end else if (s1.Caption = s4.Caption) and (s1.Caption = s7.Caption) then begin Guthaben := Guthaben + 5.00; Inc(wins); end else if (s2.Caption = s5.Caption) and (s2.Caption = s8.Caption) then begin Guthaben := Guthaben + 5.00; Inc(wins); end else if (s3.Caption = s6.Caption) and (s3.Caption = s9.Caption) then begin Guthaben := Guthaben + 5.00; Inc(wins); end else if (s3.Caption = s5.Caption) and (s3.Caption = s7.Caption) then begin Guthaben := Guthaben + 5.00; Inc(wins); end else Inc(loses); slotbn.Enabled := True; Loselb.Caption := 'Loses: ' + IntToStr(loses); Winlb.Caption := 'Wins: ' + IntTostr(Wins); end; procedure TForm1.Timer3Timer(Sender: TObject); begin if (guthaben = 0) or (guthaben < 0) then begin Timer3.Enabled := False; MessageBox(handle,'Du hast verloren!','Verlierer!',MB_OK); close(); end; end; //======================================================================================================\\ end. How can i replace the labels through icons 16 x 16 pixels? How can i adjust the winning sum according to the icons.(for example 3 crowns give you 40 € and 3 apples only 10 €) How can i adhust the winning sum with a sum for every round?

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• what does AngleVectors method in quake 3 source code does

  - by kypronite

  I just downloaded quake 3 for learning purposes. I know some of some linear algebra(basic vector math ie: dot,cross product). However I can't decipher what below method does, I know what is yaw,pitch and roll. But I can't connect these with vector. Worse, I'm not sure this fall under what math 'category', so I don't really know how to google. Hence the question here. Anyone? void AngleVectors( const vec3_t angles, vec3_t forward, vec3_t right, vec3_t up) { float angle; static float sr, sp, sy, cr, cp, cy; // static to help MS compiler fp bugs angle = angles[YAW] * (M_PI*2 / 360); sy = sin(angle); cy = cos(angle); angle = angles[PITCH] * (M_PI*2 / 360); sp = sin(angle); cp = cos(angle); angle = angles[ROLL] * (M_PI*2 / 360); sr = sin(angle); cr = cos(angle); if (forward) { forward[0] = cp*cy; forward[1] = cp*sy; forward[2] = -sp; } if (right) { right[0] = (-1*sr*sp*cy+-1*cr*-sy); right[1] = (-1*sr*sp*sy+-1*cr*cy); right[2] = -1*sr*cp; } if (up) { up[0] = (cr*sp*cy+-sr*-sy); up[1] = (cr*sp*sy+-sr*cy); up[2] = cr*cp; } } ddddd

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• How to develop RPG Damage Formulas?

  - by user127817

  I'm developing a classical 2d RPG (in a similar vein to final fantasy) and I was wondering if anyone had some advice on how to do damage formulas/links to resources/examples? I'll explain my current setup. Hopefully I'm not overdoing it with this question, and I apologize if my questions is too large/broad My Characters stats are composed of the following: enum Stat { HP = 0, MP = 1, SP = 2, Strength = 3, Vitality = 4, Magic = 5, Spirit = 6, Skill = 7, Speed = 8, //Speed/Agility are the same thing Agility = 8, Evasion = 9, MgEvasion = 10, Accuracy = 11, Luck = 12, }; Vitality is basically defense to physical attacks and spirit is defense to magic attacks. All stats have fixed maximums (9999 for HP, 999 for MP/SP and 255 for the rest). With abilities, the maximums can be increased (99999 for HP, 9999 for HP/SP, 999 for the rest) with typical values (at level 100) before/after abilities+equipment+etc will be 8000/20,000 for HP, 800/2000 for SP/MP, 180/350 for other stats Late game Enemy HP will typically be in the lower millions (with a super boss having the maximum of ~12 million). I was wondering how do people actually develop proper damage formulas that scale correctly? For instance, based on this data, using the damage formulas for Final Fantasy X as a base looked very promising. A full reference here http://www.gamefaqs.com/ps2/197344-final-fantasy-x/faqs/31381 but as a quick example: Str = 127, 'Attack' command used, enemy Def = 34. 1. Physical Damage Calculation: Step 1 ------------------------------------- [{(Stat^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x DmCon ÷16] Step 2 ---------------------------------------- [{(127^3 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 3 -------------------------------------- [{(2048383 ÷ 32) + 32} x 16 ÷ 16] Step 4 --------------------------------------------------- [{(64011) + 32} x 1] Step 5 -------------------------------------------------------- [{(64043 x 1)}] Step 6 ---------------------------------------------------- Base Damage = 64043 Step 7 ----------------------------------------- [{(Def - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------ [{(34 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ------------------------------------------------- [(-246)^2) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 ---------------------------------------------------- [60516 ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [550] + 16 Step 12 ---------------------------------------------------------- DefNum = 566 Step 13 ---------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * DefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [64043 * 566 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------------ [36248338 ÷ 730] Step 16 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 49655 Step 17 ------------ Base Damage 2 * {730 - (Def * 51 - Def^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ---------------------- 49655 * {730 - (34 * 51 - 34^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 ------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 1156 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1734 - 105) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 21 ------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - (1629) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 22 --------------------------------------------- 49655 * {730 - 162} ÷ 730 Step 23 ----------------------------------------------------- 49655 * 568 ÷ 730 Step 24 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 38635 I simply modified the dividers to include the attack rating of weapons and the armor rating of armor. Magic Damage is calculated as follows: Mag = 255, Ultima is used, enemy MDef = 1 Step 1 ----------------------------------- [DmCon * ([Stat^2 ÷ 6] + DmCon) ÷ 4] Step 2 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([255^2 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 3 ------------------------------------------ [70 * ([65025 ÷ 6] + 70) ÷ 4] Step 4 ------------------------------------------------ [70 * (10837 + 70) ÷ 4] Step 5 ----------------------------------------------------- [70 * (10907) ÷ 4] Step 6 ------------------------------------ Base Damage = 190872 [cut to 99999] Step 7 ---------------------------------------- [{(MDef - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 8 ------------------------------------------- [{(1 - 280.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 9 ---------------------------------------------- [{(-279.4)^2} ÷ 110] + 16 Step 10 -------------------------------------------------- [(78064) ÷ 110] + 16 Step 11 ------------------------------------------------------------ [709] + 16 Step 12 --------------------------------------------------------- MDefNum = 725 Step 13 --------------------------------------------- [BaseDmg * MDefNum ÷ 730] Step 14 --------------------------------------------------- [99999 * 725 ÷ 730] Step 15 ------------------------------------------------- Base Damage 2 = 99314 Step 16 ---------- Base Damage 2 * {730 - (MDef * 51 - MDef^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 17 ------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (1 * 51 - 1^2 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 18 ------------------------------ 99314 * {730 - (51 - 1 ÷ 11) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 19 --------------------------------------- 99314 * {730 - (49) ÷ 10} ÷ 730 Step 20 ----------------------------------------------------- 99314 * 725 ÷ 730 Step 21 -------------------------------------------------- Final Damage = 98633 The problem is that the formulas completely fall apart once stats start going above 255. In particular Defense values over 300 or so start generating really strange behavior. High Strength + Defense stats lead to massive negative values for instance. While I might be able to modify the formulas to work correctly for my use case, it'd probably be easier just to use a completely new formula. How do people actually develop damage formulas? I was considering opening excel and trying to build the formula that way (mapping Attack Stats vs. Defense Stats for instance) but I was wondering if there's an easier way? While I can't convey the full game mechanics of my game here, might someone be able to suggest a good starting place for building a damage formula? Thanks

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• Interpolation using a sprite's previous frame and current frame

  - by user22241

  Overview I'm currently using a method which has been pointed out to me is extrapolation rather than interolation. As a result, I'm also now looking into the possibility of using another method which is based on a sprite's position at it's last (rendered) frame and it's current one. Assuming an interpolation value of 0.5 this is, (visually), how I understand it should affect my sprite's position.... This is how I'm obtaining an inerpolation value: public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { // Set/re-set loop back to 0 to start counting again loops=0; while(System.currentTimeMillis() > nextGameTick && loops < maxFrameskip) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); nextGameTick += skipTicks; timeCorrection += (1000d / ticksPerSecond) % 1; nextGameTick += timeCorrection; timeCorrection %= 1; loops++; tics++; } interpolation = (float)(System.currentTimeMillis() + skipTicks - nextGameTick) / (float)skipTicks; render(interpolation); } I am then applying it like so (in my rendering call): render(float interpolation) { spriteScreenX = (spriteScreenX - spritePreviousX) * interpolation + spritePreviousX; spritePreviousX = spriteScreenX; // update and store this for next time } Results This unfortunately does nothing to smooth the movement of my sprite. It's pretty much the same as without the interpolation code. I can't get my head around how this is supposed to work and I honestly can't find any decent resources which explain this in any detail. My understanding of extrapolation is that when we arrive at the rendering call, we calculate the time between the last update call and the render call, and then adjust the sprite's position to reflect this time (moving the sprite forward) - And yet, this (Interpolation) is moving the sprite back, so how can this produce smooth results? Any advise on this would be very much appreciated. Edit I've implemented the code from OriginalDaemon's answer like so: @Override public void onDrawFrame(GL10 gl) { newTime = System.currentTimeMillis()*0.001; frameTime = newTime - currentTime; if ( frameTime > (dt*25)) frameTime = (dt*25); currentTime = newTime; accumulator += frameTime; while ( accumulator >= dt ) { SceneManager.getInstance().getCurrentScene().updateLogic(); previousState = currentState; t += dt; accumulator -= dt; } interpolation = (float) (accumulator / dt); render(); } Interpolation values are now being produced between 0 and 1 as expected (similar to how they were in my original loop) - however, the results are the same as my original loop (my original loop allowed frames to skip if they took too long to draw which I think this loop is also doing). I appear to have made a mistake in my previous logging, it is logging as I would expect it to (interpolated position does appear to be inbetween the previous and current positions) - however, the sprites are most definitely choppy when the render() skipping happens.

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• Heightmap generation

  - by Ziaix

  I want to implement something like this to create a heightmap: 'Place a group of coordinates evenly across a map, and give them height values within a certain range. Repeatedly create coordinates between all of those coordinates, setting their height by deriving a value that was a mean value of all the surrounding coordinates.' However, I'm not sure how I would go about it - I'm not sure how I could code the part where I place the coordinates in between the existing coordinates. Can anyone give any help/advice?

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• How to create a legally valid timestamp of unpublished game artwork

  - by mm24

  Before publishing promotional material of my first indie game I wanted to mark all my artwork with a legally valid timestamp. There are two ways I know to do this: 1 go to a sollecitor/lawyer and pay for them to certify the document 2 use an online webservice to mark any given file/folder readable to the service Anyone has already done this and if yes how (e.g. which website have you used? which type of solecitor have you contacted? etc..)? Kind Regards PS: I know that there is always the good old "send yourself a mail with a stamp and a date" but is not very strong as proof.

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