Search Results

Search found 36652 results on 1467 pages for 'linux device driver'.

Page 355/1467 | < Previous Page | 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362  | Next Page >

• What is the advantage of not running as root? [closed]

  - by Shmuel Brill

  Possible Duplicate: What's wrong with always being root? All modern brands of Linux highly discourage (or disable) one from running as root instead of a normal user. I do not understand why. As a "normal" user, one could Download a rouge program from the internet. Run it (After all, one isn't root, what can it do). It installs itself in .bashrc or .xinitrc It writes a rouge "sudo" and "su" and adds . to the path Not noticing that . is in path, one runs sudo. The rouge program now has root password and can do anything it wants in the system. Even if 3-6 doesn't happen, the program could still Be part of a botnet. Read all files in the home directory and send them back (mine for SS#, Credit Card numbers, bank account numbers, etc). Send spam. Run a backdoor server to allow an attacker a chance to connect to the machine to determine vulnerabilities. It seems that the whole "permissions" thing (root/non-root) is just to prevent amateur crackers from getting into the system, so the question is: Is there a point in avoiding running as root, and is there a way to protect oneself if one wants to run unsafe code?

  Read the article

• r1soft agent is failing with the error: "write error while sending code: Broken pipe"

  - by curiousguy

  I have an Ubuntu 10.04.4 LTS server with r1soft agent installed in it. Recently, the backups are failing with the following error. -------- write error while sending code: Broken pipe -------- I have reinstalled the buagent but to no avail. On checking the server logs, I could see the following errors listed in it: -------- # tail -f /var/log/messages |grep -i buagent Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: Need to back up 126 sectors Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: (Righteous Backup Linux Agent) 1.79.0 build 12433 Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: allowing control from backup server (10.128.136.195) with valid RSA key Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: allowing control from backup server (10.128.136.201) with valid RSA key Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: sending auth challenge for allowed host at (10.128.136.201) port (47890) Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: host (10.128.136.201) port (47890) authentication successful Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: Backup request accepted. Starting backup. Nov 17 03:35:06 microscope buagent: Snapshot completed in 0.010 seconds. Nov 17 03:45:03 microscope buagent: Error reading blocks from snapshot. Nov 17 03:45:03 microscope buagent: Reading blocks failed Nov 17 03:45:03 microscope buagent: error backup aborted Nov 17 03:45:03 microscope buagent: backup failed on agent closing connection Nov 17 03:45:03 microscope buagent: Backup failed. Nov 17 03:45:03 microscope buagent: write error while sending code: Broken pipe (32) Nov 17 03:45:03 microscope buagent: tell child write failed -------- I tried changing the 'Timeout' and 'DiskAsPartition' value in '/etc/buagent/agent_config' file but no luck. Also, verified that proper route is added to the backup server. The agent is also running fine. Am I missing anything? Any help would be much appreciated. Note: CDP 2.0 is installed in the backup server.

  Read the article

• Short POST data in HTTP

  - by Matt

  We're hosting a customer's Debian Linux web server. It's running a PHP based web application. The server is sitting behind our firewall with it's own virtual interface and port 80 is forwarded internally to a machine sitting in the DMZ. The issue we're having is that when data is posted to the server it seems to be being cut short for some users. It's reproducable for some users on the same box. But the same user sending the same data on the same lan on another PC it works. The data gets cut to around 1140 bytes I'm told. Any idea why this might be happening? The customer is blaming our firewall, but then surely we'd have issues with other services. I'm suspecting it's a problem with the website itself. Suggestions on how to isolate the problem would be of help. Our firewall is Astaro. EDIT: A customer has set the ethernet frame size temporarily to 500bytes on the server. This made it work for now! I know some of the customers are using an internet provider that runs PPPoE

  Read the article

• Kate gives out debug messages on the console from which it is started

  - by Elan

  I am new to Linux. I use Ubuntu 11.04. Whenever I open a file with kate from the commandline, with 'kate &' (or without ampersand), Kate starts out giving messages on the console. It continuously gives them out as I save a file or close one. They look like debug messages to me (sample below). I have used Synaptic package manager to install Kate. Uninstalling and installing the dev version did not make any change. Soon my console becomes cluttered. Is there a way to suppress these messages? There was nothing explicit in Kate settings either. Thank you, The messages look like kate(13412)/kate-filetree KateFileTreeModel::handleInsert: BEGIN! kate(13412)/kate-filetree KateFileTreeModel::handleInsert: creating a new root kate(13412)/kate-filetree ProxyItem::ProxyItem: ProxyItem(0x1796840,0x0,-1,QObject(0x0) .... kate(13435)/kate-filetree KateFileTreeModel::documentActivated: adding viewHistory ProxyItem(0x1eb7cf0,0x1eb6830,0,KateDocument(0x1d93ea0) , "Untitled" ) kate(13435)/kate-filetree KateFileTreeModel::updateBackgrounds: BEGIN! kate(13435)/kate-filetree KateFileTreeModel::updateBackgrounds: END! kate(13435)/kate-filetree KateFileTreeModel::documentActivated: END! kate(13435)/kate-filetree KateFileTreePluginView::viewChanged: END! X Error: BadWindow (invalid Window parameter) 3 Major opcode: 20 (X_GetProperty) Resource id: 0x5601b42 X Error: BadWindow (invalid Window parameter) 3 Major opcode: 20 (X_GetProperty) Resource id: 0x5601b42

  Read the article

• Ubuntu 12.4 compiz - disable all compiz plugin - empty screen

  - by gotqn

  A friend of mine has installed on my new machine Ubuntu 10.4 (I have always been windows user and have no experience with Linux). I started to watch some tutorial about how to make 'Rotated Cube' using 'Compiz',but the cube appears in the form of a list (only two slides). I have thought this could be result of my video cards (only two - one from the processor and one from the motherboard) and they can not support this options. Anyway, I have decided to disable all compiz plugins and options because my friend has set some, and I started to think there is some misunderstanding between the plugins. After, that I got only empty screen(no menu, no icons, anything) and can do nothing. How to fix this? EDIT: When I remove the compiz stuffs (from the console), the menu is shown again. Then I install the compiz again (some of the effect are still not working). After restart or log out/in the menu is hidden again. I suppose that there are some settings that I've broken but they are saved somewhere in the system and remove the compiz do not deleted them and as a result they are activated after compiz is installed again and the PC is restarted?

  Read the article

• ERROR with rpm_check_debug vs depsolve

  - by Frank Thornton

  Transaction Summary ========================================================================================================================================================== Install 9 Package(s) Upgrade 227 Package(s) Remove 1 Package(s) Total size: 252 M Downloading Packages: Running rpm_check_debug ERROR with rpm_check_debug vs depsolve: libasound.so.2()(64bit) is needed by libgcj-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9)(64bit) is needed by libgcj-4.4.7-4.el6.x86_64 ** Found 15 pre-existing rpmdb problem(s), 'yum check' output follows: alsa-lib-devel-1.0.22-3.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of alsa-lib = ('0', '1.0.22', '3.el6') alsa-lib-devel-1.0.22-3.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2()(64bit) alsa-utils-1.0.22-5.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2()(64bit) alsa-utils-1.0.22-5.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9)(64bit) alsa-utils-1.0.22-5.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9.0rc4)(64bit) alsa-utils-1.0.22-5.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9.0rc8)(64bit) frontpage-2002-SR1.2.i386 has missing requires of libexpat.so.0 gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2()(64bit) gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9)(64bit) gstreamer-plugins-base-0.10.29-2.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9.0rc4)(64bit) libgcj-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2()(64bit) libgcj-4.4.7-3.el6.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9)(64bit) 1:qt-x11-4.6.2-26.el6_4.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2()(64bit) 1:qt-x11-4.6.2-26.el6_4.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9)(64bit) 1:qt-x11-4.6.2-26.el6_4.x86_64 has missing requires of libasound.so.2(ALSA_0.9.0rc4)(64bit) Your transaction was saved, rerun it with: yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx-2013-12-23-22-364infzT.yumtx root@www1 [~]# I did some research and this is due to a 32bit binary trying to install itself or broken repo? root@www1 [~]# yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror, security Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: centos.mirror.lstn.net * extras: mirror.ash.fastserv.com * updates: ftp.usf.edu repo id repo name status base CentOS-6 - Base 6,284+83 dag Dag RPM Repository for Red Hat Enterprise Linux 4,559+91 extras CentOS-6 - Extras 14 updates CentOS-6 - Updates 247+39 repolist: 11,104 Now I disabled epel and rpmforge repops and still ended up with the same issues. Ideas?

  Read the article

• (solved) `ssh foo "<command/>"` not loading remote aliases?

  - by TomRoche

  summary: Why does this fail $ ssh foo 'R --version | head -n 1' bash: R: command not found but this succeeds $ ssh foo 'grep -nHe 'bashrc' ~/.bash_profile' /home/me/.bash_profile:3:# source the users .bashrc if it exists /home/me/.bash_profile:4:if [ -f "${HOME}/.bashrc" ] ; then /home/me/.bash_profile:5: source "${HOME}/.bashrc" $ ssh foo 'grep -nHe "\WR\W" ~/.bashrc' /home/me/.bashrc:118:alias R='/share/linux86_64/bin/R' $ ssh foo '/share/linux86_64/bin/R --version | head -n 1' R version 2.14.1 (2011-12-22) ? details: I am a (rootless) user on 2 clusters. One uses environment modules, so any given server on that cluster can provide (via module add) pretty much the same resources. The other cluster, on which I must also unfortunately work, has servers managed individually, so I get in the habit of doing, e.g., EXEC_NAME='whatever' for S in 'foo' 'bar' 'baz' ; do ssh ${SERVER} "${EXEC_NAME} --version" done This works fine for packages installed normally/consistently, but often (for reasons unknown to me) packages are not: e.g. (compare alias below to alias above), $ ssh bar 'R --version | head -n 1' bash: R: command not found $ ssh bar 'grep -nHe 'bashrc' ~/.bash_profile' /home/me/.bash_profile:3:# source the users .bashrc if it exists /home/me/.bash_profile:4:if [ -f "${HOME}/.bashrc" ] ; then /home/me/.bash_profile:5: source "${HOME}/.bashrc" $ ssh bar 'grep -nHe "\WR\W" ~/.bashrc' /home/me/.bashrc:118:alias R='/share/linux/bin/R' $ ssh bar '/share/linux86_64/bin/R --version | head -n 1' R version 2.14.1 (2011-12-22) Using aliases copes well with these install differences when I interactively shell into the server, but fails when I try to script ssh commands (as above); i.e., # interactively $ ssh foo ... foo> R --version calls my alias for R on remote host=foo, but # scripting $ ssh foo 'R --version' doesn't. What do I need to do to make ssh foo "<command/>" load my aliases on the remote host?

  Read the article

• KVM guest io is much slower than host io: is that normal?

  - by Evolver

  I have a Qemu-KVM host system setup on CentOS 6.3. Four 1TB SATA HDDs working in Software RAID10. Guest CentOS 6.3 is installed on separate LVM. People say that they see guest performance almost equal to host performance, but I don't see that. My i/o tests are showing 30-70% slower performance on guest than on host system. I tried to change scheduler (set elevator=deadline on host and elevator=noop on guest), set blkio.weight to 1000 in cgroup, change io to virtio... But none of these changes gave me any significant results. This is a guest .xml config part: <disk type='file' device='disk'> <driver name='qemu' type='raw'/> <source file='/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2'/> <target dev='vda' bus='virtio'/> <address type='pci' domain='0x0000' bus='0x00' slot='0x05' function='0x0'/> </disk> There are my tests: Host system: iozone test # iozone -a -i0 -i1 -i2 -s8G -r64k random random KB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 8388608 64 189930 197436 266786 267254 28644 66642 dd read test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 4.23044 s, 254 MB/s # dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=1024 & dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=2048 & dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=3072 & dd if=/dev/vgkvmnode/lv2 of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=4096 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.4528 s, 74.3 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.562 s, 73.7 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.6341 s, 73.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 14.7006 s, 73.0 MB/s dd write test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 6.2039 s, 173 MB/s # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test2 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test3 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test4 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.7173 s, 32.8 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.8868 s, 32.6 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.9097 s, 32.6 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 32.9688 s, 32.6 MB/s Guest system: iozone test # iozone -a -i0 -i1 -i2 -s512M -r64k random random KB reclen write rewrite read reread read write 524288 64 93374 154596 141193 149865 21394 46264 dd read test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=1024 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 5.04356 s, 213 MB/s # dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=1024 & dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=2048 & dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=3072 & dd if=/dev/mapper/VolGroup-lv_home of=/dev/null bs=1M count=1024 iflag=direct skip=4096 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.7348 s, 43.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.7378 s, 43.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.7408 s, 43.4 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 24.744 s, 43.4 MB/s dd write test: one process and then four simultaneous processes # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 10.415 s, 103 MB/s # dd if=/dev/zero of=test bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test2 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test3 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct & dd if=/dev/zero of=test4 bs=1M count=1024 oflag=direct 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.8874 s, 21.5 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.8608 s, 21.5 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.8693 s, 21.5 MB/s 1073741824 bytes (1.1 GB) copied, 49.9427 s, 21.5 MB/s I wonder is that normal situation or did I missed something?

  Read the article

• Compaq R4000 laptop randomly locking up

  - by Josh

  I have a Compaq R4000 laptop with 2GB of RAM, running Ubuntu Linux 9.10. It is randomly locking up on me, approximately once every two days. I have a second partition with Windows XP Home installed, and I have had the system lock up in XP as well, meaning I believe this is a hardware issue. I have run two passes of Memtest86+ with no errors. The system has a fan that has died, so I initially suspected overheating. However the system just locked up on me while I was in the middle of typing a script to warn me / shut down if the temperature was too high. When the lockup happened the temperature was 88°F, so I am now starting to believe that may not be the issue. When the system locks up, I cannot SSH in nor ping it. Nothing shows in syslog when I reboot. I have configured it to send syslog messages to a local server as well and no messages appear on that server when the lockup happens. I am open to any and all advice!

  Read the article

• Giving two different users permissions to a dir

  - by Jason Swett

  I have a script that is run sometimes via the web, sometimes via the command line. When the script is run via web, it's run via user www-data. When it's run via command line, it's run via user jason. This script writes to a directory called cache. If I chown -R jason cache, I can run the script as jason but not www-data. This makes sense. If I chown -R www-data cache, I can run the script as www-data but not jason. This also makes sense. I tried creating a group called scripts, adding my two users, then chowning cache to scripts. I'm not really sure how to do the last part, the chowning part. The Linux command docs I've found online for this are astoundingly bad. I don't know if I explained this all that well but hopefully it's clear what I'm trying to do. Any advice would be appreciated.

  Read the article

• RSA keys - virtual hosts

  - by Bosworth99

  Pardon my noobness, but I just got started with VPS (linux) hosting; setting up passwordless ssh for multiple users has proved to be kind of a pain. Currently I'm the single user of this ubuntu 10.04 LTS VPS (linode.com). I was able to establish a single rsa passkey under my home/user/.ssh/authorized_keys location. Fine. PuTTy works as expected, and Filezilla (sftp) links up as required. I've been working on a single site that this user owns, and thats not been a problem. Now, I want to set up some other sites, and I've chosen Webmin with the VirtualMin plugin to make this work. I made another user (or, rather, virtualmin did), but I've been unable to get FileZilla to link up to this new user. Could anyone with experience here explain what the setup is supposed to look like? IE - can I use a single rsa key pair for all accounts (if, for example, I give ownership of files to the original user?). Or is it standard practice to create a separate key pair for each user, and establish a separate putty/filezilla login for each? I've spent enough time dinking around with this to be frustrated. "Sever rejected the provided key" error sucks after the fifth hour. I'm about to set up an ftp server and call it a day. Any thoughts would be most welcome -

  Read the article

• Getting Server 2008 R2 to ignore all traffic from Internet-facing NIC, leaving it to a VM

  - by Wolvenmoon

  I got in to Server 2008 R2 via Dreamspark and would like to start learning on it. I don't have much option but to put it on a system sitting between the Internet and my home LAN due to electricity bills and the fact that 3 computers in an 11x11 space in 102 degree weather is pretty stygian. Currently I use a ClearOS gateway to manage everything, what I'd like to do is take my server 2008 R2 box, which has two NICs, and drop it at the head of my network. I'd want Server 2008 R2 to ignore all traffic on the external facing NIC and pass it to a virtual ClearOS gateway, and to put all its Internet traffic through its other NIC - which will face the rest of my network and be the default gateway for it. The theory is to keep the potentially vulnerable Server 2008 R2 install as tucked behind a Linux box as possible, without sacrificing too much performance. This is a home network that occasionally hosts dedicated game servers and voice chat servers, so most malicious activity is in the form of drive by non-targeted attacks, however, I don't trust Windows Server because I don't know the OS well enough, yet. So, three questions: How do I do this, am I going to be reasonably more secure doing this than if I just let the Server 2008 R2 rig handle all the network traffic and DHCP (not an option), and should I virtualize the Server 2008 R2 rig instead and if so in what? (Core 2 Duo e6600 w/ 5 gigs usable RAM)

  Read the article

• Apache to read from /home/user/public_html on CentOS 5.7

  - by C.S.Putra

  this is my first experience using CentOS 5.7 / Linux as my web server OS and I have just finished installing Apache. Then I created a new account using WHM. The account is now created and the domain name can be accessed. I have put the web files under /home/user/public_html/ but when I access the domain assigned for that user which I assigned when creating new account in WHM, it doesn't read the files. In /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf : <VirtualHost 175.103.48.66:80> ServerName domain.com ServerAlias www.domain.com DocumentRoot /home/user/public_html ServerAdmin [email protected] User veevou # Needed for Cpanel::ApacheConf <IfModule mod_suphp.c> suPHP_UserGroup group1 group1 </IfModule> <IfModule !mod_disable_suexec.c> SuexecUserGroup group1 group1 </IfModule> CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/domain.com-bytes_log "%{%s}t %I .\n%{%s}t %O ." CustomLog /usr/local/apache/domlogs/domain.com combined ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /home/user/public_html/cgi-bin/ </VirtualHost> Instead of reading from /home/user/public_html/ apache will read the /var/ww/html/ folder. How to set the apache so that when user access www.domain.com, they will access the files under /home/user/public_html/ ? Please advice. Thanks

  Read the article

• System hangs while rebooting on Debian...

  - by Usman

  Hi, I have Debian (Kernel 2.6.26-2-686) installed on two computers. On one of them it reboots quite finely but I am having following problem with rebooting Debian on my second computer. When i type reboot at the Linux prompt, following messages appear and system hangs up after saying "Restarting System": Broadcast message from root@myname (tty1) (Sun Jan 17 11:23:26 2010) The system is going down for reboot NOW! INIT: Switching to runlevel: 6 INIT: Sending processes the TERM signal Saving system clock Stopping enhanced syslog: rsyslogd. Asking all remaining processes to terminate...done. Deconfiguring network interfaces...done. Cleaning up ifupdown.... Deactivating swap...done. [ 31.789103] Restarting System. _ Normally when the sytem is busy "" sign blinks but "" at the last line above does not blink which shows, the system hanged up. I tried all keys but the screen is still frozen at the same point. The difference that I noted between my two computers is that I don't have ACPI support in the BIOS of the system which is giving me this error whereas the BIOS of my first computer do have ACPI support on which Debain do not give this restart-hanging problem. I have also disabled running the acpid script by running update-rc.d -f acpid remove but the problem still persists on the second computer. Any ideas to solve or get around this problem?

  Read the article

• Fedora 17 - Dropping into debug shell after attempted partitioning

  - by i.h4d35

  So I tried creating a new partition on Fedora 17 using fdisk as follows: Command (m for help): n Command action e extended p primary partition (1-4) p Partition number (1-4): 1 First cylinder (2048-823215039, default 2048): Using default value 2048 Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-9039, default 9039): +15G Once this was done,instead of formatting the partition I created, I ran the partprobe command to write the changes to the partition table. On rebooting the computer, it drops to the debug shell and gives me the error as follows: dracut warning:unable to process initqueue dracut warning:/dev/disk/by-uuid/vg_mymachine does not exist dropping to debug shell dracut:/# While trying to run fsck on the said partition from the debug shell, it says "etc/fstab not found" and inside /etc I see a fstab.empty file. Is it now possible to retrieve what I have from the computer? Any help would be appreciated. Thanks in advance Edit: I've also tried the following steps for additional troubleshooting: I tried to boot using the Fedora disk and tried the rescue mode - says no Linux partition detected. I tried to create an fstab file by combining the entries from blkid and the /etc/mtab file and using the UUIDs from the mtab file - It didn't work. As soon as I rebooted the machine, it promptly dropped me in to the debug shell and the fstab file which i created wansn't there anymore in /etc (part of this solution)

  Read the article

• What is the correct iptables rule when NATing multiple private subnets?

  - by Jose Mendez

  I have a Centos minimal 6.5 acting as a router. eth0 is connected to a Cisco switch trunk port, allowing VLANs 200-213. I have several VLAN interfaces just as this link suggests: https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/6/html/Deployment_Guide/s2-networkscripts-interfaces_802.1q-vlan-tagging.html And have IPv4 forwarding, so all my network devices from any of the networks 200-213 can communicate with each other using this linux box as their router. Problem is, I need them to access the Internet, so I added the following rule: iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.0.0/16 -j SNAT --to 1.1.1.56 1.1.1.56 is the "outside" address. This works fine, devices connected to the internal networks can ping Intertnet addresses BUT, they stop being able to talk to each other across subnets, so 192.168.211.55 can ping 8.8.8.8, but can't talk to 192.168.213.5. As soon as I do a service iptables restart to remove the rule, I can start talking across internal subnets again. What would be the correct way to set up NAT for multiple private subnets? Or maybe the correct way to set up forwarding?

  Read the article

• GNOME 2 + Compiz equivalent?

  - by virtualeyes

  Running Fedora 14 and realize I need to either change distros or find an alternative to GNOME 3 in Fedora 17. Based on what I have read to-date, XFCE and KDE are the go-to WMs if I want to avoid GNOME 3. I tried KDE 4 and I wasn't impressed; I like the simplicity of GNOME 2 with Compiz and Emerald. Can't stay on Fedora 14 forever, however, so...where to turn? Basically looking for these features in my desktop environment: GNOME Do or equivalent Snap to grid/Window tiling A must-have, the ability to hot key focused window to a monitor grid region is a huge productivity win. Zoom window to cursor In a multi-monitor setup sometimes it's nice to, say, GNOME Do terminal in one monitor and then hot key the opened window to the other monitor just by zipping the mouse cursor anywhere on target monitor (followed by, of course, snap-to-grid hotkey, all without a single mouse click) Polarization At night white background hurts the eyes, so I prefer to hot key polarize to black. Multi-monitor support I'm partial to Fedora given that I've worked with CentOS for years and have little experience with any other Linux distro; however, if the difference between Fedora and Arch, Mint, etc. is fairly subtle, I'll make the leap, just need a distro & desktop environment that allows me to be productive with keyboard hot keys and provides the above basic features. Any suggestions?

  Read the article

• Distribute IP packets accross different NIC queues with MSI (Message Signalled Interrupts)

  - by Ansis Atteka

  NetXtreme II BCM5709 Gigabit Ethernet NIC supports MSI feature (Message Signaled Interrupts) and it has 8 queues. Each queue has its own Interrupt handler in /proc/interrupts. What I am trying to accomplish is to tell NIC which packets should go to which queue. Questions: Is it possible to manually specify which IP packets should go to which queue by encapsulated protocol type (e.g. IPsec packets go in one queue, while TCP packets go in another queue)? If it is possible - how can I do it under Linux? If it is not possible - should I look at MSI-X capable NIC cards to solve this problem? More details: We have one Interface that is terminating IPSec and forwarding/terminating TCP connections. The IPSec packet decryption is inlined (this means that decryption is done under the same ksoftirqd/X context). We are trying to find out if we will be able to improve total performance if IPSec packets will be scheduled on another CPU than TCP packets. One more limitation is that IPSec code is not MP-safe, hence I can not run it under more than one ksoftirqd/X. By default it seems that packets are distributed/hashed by source IP over the 8 NIC queues. The bottleneck is IPSec that chokes out TCP traffic while it is decrypting/encrypting IPSec packets at ~100% CPU. OS is Ubuntu 10.10 (2.6.32-27-server) and NIC is Broadcom BCM5709.

  Read the article

• How to deal with job that stop and cannot continue unless made foreground?

  - by Vi

  Recent example: mountlo (using UML): vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other& [1] 32561 vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Checking that ptrace can change system call numbers...OK Checking syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking advanced syscall emulation patch for ptrace...OK Checking PROT_EXEC mmap in /tmp...OK Checking for the skas3 patch in the host: - /proc/mm...not found - PTRACE_FAULTINFO...not found - PTRACE_LDT...not found UML running in SKAS0 mode [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ bg [1]+ mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other & [1]+ Stopped mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ fg mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8,allow_other Linux version 2.6.15 (miko@dorka) (gcc version 3.3.5 (Debian 1:3.3.5-13)) #1 Mon Feb 27 13:27:52 CET 2006 (normal output) ... vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ socat - exec:'mountlo -m 16 -d /dev/uba1 /home/vi/mnt/usb -t vfat -o iocharset=utf8\,allow_other',pty,ctty fusermount: waitpid: No child processes vi@vi-notebook:~/b$ Also happens with Gimp (when it does run it's plug-ins). Parts of Gimp started by `gimp q.jpg&' freeze and cannot continue unless "killall -CONT" or made foreground. Is it a bug? How to reliably start things in a background?

  Read the article

• Member Status: Inquorate in RHEL 5.6

  - by Eugene S

  I've encountered a strange issue. I had to change the time on my Linux RHEL cluster system. I've done it using the following command from the root user: date +%T -s "10:13:13" After doing this, some message appeared relating to <emerg> #1: Quorum Dissolved (however I didn't capture the message completely). In order to investigate the issue I looked at /var/log/messages and I've discovered these errors. Below is the output of few commands I got when tried to investigate the issue, however I don't have enough knowledge to make use of this information. [root@system1a ~]# clustat Cluster Status for system4081 @ Sun Mar 25 11:45:48 2012 Member Status: Inquorate Member Name ID Status ------ ---- ---- ------ chb_sys1a 1 Online, Local chb_sys2a 2 Offline [root@system1a ~]# cman_tool nodes Node Sts Inc Joined Name 1 M 872 2012-03-25 08:43:07 chb_sys1a 2 X 0 chb_sys2a [root@system1a ~]# qdiskd -f -d [17654] debug: Loading configuration information [17654] debug: 0 heuristics loaded [17654] debug: Quorum Daemon: 0 heuristics, 1 interval, 10 tko, 0 votes [17654] debug: Run Flags: 00000035 [17654] info: Quorum Daemon Initializing stat: Bad address [17654] crit: Initialization failed I tried to search through the internet and found out a quite similar issue here. However, for some reason I am not able to access the bug on bugzilla. The link to the bug is here

  Read the article

• Improving TCP performance over a gigabit network with lots of connections and high traffic of small packets

  - by MinimeDJ

  I’m trying to improve my TCP throughput over a “gigabit network with lots of connections and high traffic of small packets”. My server OS is Ubuntu 11.10 Server 64bit. There are about 50.000 (and growing) clients connected to my server through TCP Sockets (all on the same port). 95% of of my packets have size of 1-150 bytes (TCP header and payload). The rest 5% vary from 150 up to 4096+ bytes. With the config below my server can handle traffic up to 30 Mbps (full duplex). Can you please advice best practice to tune OS for my needs? My /etc/sysctl.cong looks like this: kernel.pid_max = 1000000 net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 2500 65000 fs.file-max = 1000000 # net.core.netdev_max_backlog=3000 net.ipv4.tcp_sack=0 # net.core.rmem_max = 16777216 net.core.wmem_max = 16777216 net.core.somaxconn = 2048 # net.ipv4.tcp_rmem = 4096 87380 16777216 net.ipv4.tcp_wmem = 4096 65536 16777216 # net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries = 2 net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_mem = 50576 64768 98152 # net.core.wmem_default = 65536 net.core.rmem_default = 65536 net.ipv4.tcp_window_scaling=1 # net.ipv4.tcp_mem= 98304 131072 196608 # net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_rfc1337 = 1 net.ipv4.ip_forward = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_congestion_control=cubic net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 0 net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 0 # net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 1 net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 25 net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 8192 Here are my limits: $ ulimit -a core file size (blocks, -c) 0 data seg size (kbytes, -d) unlimited scheduling priority (-e) 0 file size (blocks, -f) unlimited pending signals (-i) 193045 max locked memory (kbytes, -l) 64 max memory size (kbytes, -m) unlimited open files (-n) 1000000 pipe size (512 bytes, -p) 8 POSIX message queues (bytes, -q) 819200 real-time priority (-r) 0 stack size (kbytes, -s) 8192 cpu time (seconds, -t) unlimited max user processes (-u) 1000000 [ADDED] My NICs are the following: $ dmesg | grep Broad [ 2.473081] Broadcom NetXtreme II 5771x 10Gigabit Ethernet Driver bnx2x 1.62.12-0 (2011/03/20) [ 2.477808] bnx2x 0000:02:00.0: eth0: Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM57711E XGb (A0) PCI-E x4 5GHz (Gen2) found at mem fb000000, IRQ 28, node addr d8:d3:85:bd:23:08 [ 2.482556] bnx2x 0000:02:00.1: eth1: Broadcom NetXtreme II BCM57711E XGb (A0) PCI-E x4 5GHz (Gen2) found at mem fa000000, IRQ 40, node addr d8:d3:85:bd:23:0c [ADDED 2] ethtool -k eth0 Offload parameters for eth0: rx-checksumming: on tx-checksumming: on scatter-gather: on tcp-segmentation-offload: on udp-fragmentation-offload: off generic-segmentation-offload: on generic-receive-offload: on large-receive-offload: on rx-vlan-offload: on tx-vlan-offload: on ntuple-filters: off receive-hashing: off [ADDED 3] sudo ethtool -S eth0|grep -vw 0 NIC statistics: [1]: rx_bytes: 17521104292 [1]: rx_ucast_packets: 118326392 [1]: tx_bytes: 35351475694 [1]: tx_ucast_packets: 191723897 [2]: rx_bytes: 16569945203 [2]: rx_ucast_packets: 114055437 [2]: tx_bytes: 36748975961 [2]: tx_ucast_packets: 194800859 [3]: rx_bytes: 16222309010 [3]: rx_ucast_packets: 109397802 [3]: tx_bytes: 36034786682 [3]: tx_ucast_packets: 198238209 [4]: rx_bytes: 14884911384 [4]: rx_ucast_packets: 104081414 [4]: rx_discards: 5828 [4]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [4]: tx_bytes: 35663361789 [4]: tx_ucast_packets: 194024824 [5]: rx_bytes: 16465075461 [5]: rx_ucast_packets: 110637200 [5]: tx_bytes: 43720432434 [5]: tx_ucast_packets: 202041894 [6]: rx_bytes: 16788706505 [6]: rx_ucast_packets: 113123182 [6]: tx_bytes: 38443961940 [6]: tx_ucast_packets: 202415075 [7]: rx_bytes: 16287423304 [7]: rx_ucast_packets: 110369475 [7]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [7]: tx_bytes: 35104168638 [7]: tx_ucast_packets: 184905201 [8]: rx_bytes: 12689721791 [8]: rx_ucast_packets: 87616037 [8]: rx_discards: 2638 [8]: tx_bytes: 36133395431 [8]: tx_ucast_packets: 196547264 [9]: rx_bytes: 15007548011 [9]: rx_ucast_packets: 98183525 [9]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [9]: tx_bytes: 34871314517 [9]: tx_ucast_packets: 188532637 [9]: tx_mcast_packets: 12 [10]: rx_bytes: 12112044826 [10]: rx_ucast_packets: 84335465 [10]: rx_discards: 2494 [10]: tx_bytes: 36562151913 [10]: tx_ucast_packets: 195658548 [11]: rx_bytes: 12873153712 [11]: rx_ucast_packets: 89305791 [11]: rx_discards: 2990 [11]: tx_bytes: 36348541675 [11]: tx_ucast_packets: 194155226 [12]: rx_bytes: 12768100958 [12]: rx_ucast_packets: 89350917 [12]: rx_discards: 2667 [12]: tx_bytes: 35730240389 [12]: tx_ucast_packets: 192254480 [13]: rx_bytes: 14533227468 [13]: rx_ucast_packets: 98139795 [13]: tx_bytes: 35954232494 [13]: tx_ucast_packets: 194573612 [13]: tx_bcast_packets: 2 [14]: rx_bytes: 13258647069 [14]: rx_ucast_packets: 92856762 [14]: rx_discards: 3509 [14]: rx_csum_offload_errors: 1 [14]: tx_bytes: 35663586641 [14]: tx_ucast_packets: 189661305 rx_bytes: 226125043936 rx_ucast_packets: 1536428109 rx_bcast_packets: 351 rx_discards: 20126 rx_filtered_packets: 8694 rx_csum_offload_errors: 11 tx_bytes: 548442367057 tx_ucast_packets: 2915571846 tx_mcast_packets: 12 tx_bcast_packets: 2 tx_64_byte_packets: 35417154 tx_65_to_127_byte_packets: 2006984660 tx_128_to_255_byte_packets: 373733514 tx_256_to_511_byte_packets: 378121090 tx_512_to_1023_byte_packets: 77643490 tx_1024_to_1522_byte_packets: 43669214 tx_pause_frames: 228 Some info about SACK: When to turn TCP SACK off?

  Read the article

• How can find the USB wireless adapter into the dmesg log file?

  - by AndreaNobili

  I am pretty new in Linux (RaspBian for RaspBerry Pi but I think that there are not difference) and I have to install an USB wireless network adapter (the product is the TP-Link TL-WN725N, this one: http://www.tp-link.it/products/details/?model=TL-WN725N ) Now, I think that this is not automatically recognized by my system because if I execute ifconfig command I obtain the following output: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr b8:27:eb:2a:9f:b0 inet addr:192.168.1.8 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:475 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:424 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:34195 (33.3 KiB) TX bytes:89578 (87.4 KiB) lo Link encap:Local Loopback inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0 UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:0 RX bytes:0 (0.0 B) TX bytes:0 (0.0 B) So now it see only my ethernet network interface and not the wireless. So I was thinkig to try to see into the dmesg, but I don't know what have I to see and how to select it into the dmesg output. For example by the following command I can see the line of the dmesg log file relate to my ethernet port: pi@raspberrypi ~ $ cat /var/log/dmesg |grep -i eth [ 3.177620] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: register 'smsc95xx' at usb-bcm2708_usb-1.1, smsc95xx USB 2.0 Ethernet, b8:27:eb:2a:9f:b0 [ 18.030389] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: hardware isn't capable of remote wakeup [ 19.642167] smsc95xx 1-1.1:1.0 eth0: link up, 100Mbps, full-duplex, lpa 0x45E1 But what can I try to search for the USB wireless adapter? Tnx

  Read the article

• Zero sized tar.gz file found inside a tar.gz file

  - by PavanM

  My current directory contains a single file like this- $ls -l -rw-r--r-- 1 root staff 8 May 28 09:10 pavan Now, I want to tar and gzip this file like $tar -cvf - * 2>/dev/null |gzip -vf9 > pavan.tar.gz 2>/dev/null (I am aware I am creating the zipped file in the same directory as the original file) When I run the above tar/gzip commands around 20 times, a few times I observe that the final tarred and zipped file pavan.tar.gz file has a ZERO sized pavan.tar.gz file. I am not sure from where is this zero sized file coming into the archive from. Note: I am NOT running tar/gzip commands on an already existing tar.gz file. I always make sure that the directory has only one file before running the commands On googling, as described here, I suspected that the tar.gz being created was also part of the file being archived. But in my case, gzip is the one who's creating the final file and by the time gzip runs, tar should be done tarring. This is happening on AIX but I've used Linux tag too, to draw more attention, as I guess the problem is platform independent.

  Read the article

• How to deal with lots of brackets in a formula?

  - by wenlibin02

  Say, I have a formula like this (in LaTeX or Maple or other text system): Result: ((6*(k2+k3))*A123*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*(exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))^2+6*A12*(-k3+k2)*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))*(exp(-k2*(k2^2*t-x)))^2+(-(6*(-k3+k2))*A13*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*(exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))^2-(6*(k2+k3))*k2*k3*(A12*A13*k2^2-2*A12*A13*k2*k3+A12*A13*k3^2-A123*k2^2-2*A123*k2*k3-A123*k3^2)*exp(-k3*(k3^2*t-x)))*exp(-k2*(k2^2*t-x)) Note: the above formula is only one part of the result of a maple calculation, I just can't break them up because there are so many many terms. Apparently, It's very hard to read. What I want to do is to fold the matched brackets level by level. If all the brackets are folded, I can find out clearly how many terms there are. Then I can analyze from the top level to the details of every term. But I just don't know how to realize that. Maybe there are some existed software which can visualize this kind of complex formula. Any idea? P.S. I use Linux system. The open source alternatives are better.

  Read the article

• Moving automatically spam messages to a folder in Postfix

  - by cad

  Hi My problem is that I want to automatically to move spam messages to a folder and not sure how. I have a linux box giving email access. MTA is Postfix, IMAP is Courier. As webmail client I use Squirrelmail. To filter SPAM I use Spamassassin and is working ok. Spamassasin is overwriting subjects with [--- SPAM 14.3 ---] Viagra... Also is adding headers: X-Spam-Flag: YES X-Spam-Checker-Version: SpamAssassin 3.2.5 (2008-06-10) on xxxx X-Spam-Level: ************** X-Spam-Status: Yes, score=14.3 required=2.0 tests=BAYES_99, DATE_IN_FUTURE_24_48,HTML_MESSAGE,MIME_HTML_ONLY,RCVD_IN_PBL, RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB,RCVD_IN_XBL,RDNS_NONE,URIBL_RED,URIBL_SBL autolearn=no version=3.2.5 X-Spam-Report: * 0.0 URIBL_RED Contains an URL listed in the URIBL redlist * [URIs: myimg.de] * 3.5 BAYES_99 BODY: Bayesian spam probability is 99 to 100% * [score: 1.0000] * 0.9 RCVD_IN_PBL RBL: Received via a relay in Spamhaus PBL * [113.170.131.234 listed in zen.spamhaus.org] * 3.0 RCVD_IN_XBL RBL: Received via a relay in Spamhaus XBL * 0.6 RCVD_IN_SORBS_WEB RBL: SORBS: sender is a abuseable web server * [113.170.131.234 listed in dnsbl.sorbs.net] * 3.2 DATE_IN_FUTURE_24_48 Date: is 24 to 48 hours after Received: date * 0.0 HTML_MESSAGE BODY: HTML included in message * 1.5 MIME_HTML_ONLY BODY: Message only has text/html MIME parts * 1.5 URIBL_SBL Contains an URL listed in the SBL blocklist * [URIs: myimg.de] * 0.1 RDNS_NONE Delivered to trusted network by a host with no rDNS I want to automatically to move spam messages to a folder. Ideally (not sure if possible) only to move messages with puntuation 5.0 or more to folder.. spam between 2.0 and 5.0 I want to be stored in Inbox. (I plan later to switch autolearn on) After reading a lot in procmail, postfix and spamassasin sites and googling a lot (lot of outdated howtos) I found two solutions but not sure which is the best or if there is another one: Put a rule in squirrelmail (dirty solution?) Use Procmail Which is the best option? Do you have any updated howto about it? Thanks

  Read the article

< Previous Page | 351 352 353 354 355 356 357 358 359 360 361 362  | Next Page >