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• e2fsck extremly slow, although enough memory exists

  - by kaefert

  I've got this external USB-Disk: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ lsusb -s 2:3 Bus 002 Device 003: ID 0bc2:3320 Seagate RSS LLC As can be seen in this dmesg output, there are some problems that prevents that disk from beeing mounted: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ dmesg | grep sdb [ 114.474342] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.475089] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write Protect is off [ 114.475092] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Mode Sense: 43 00 00 00 [ 114.475959] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA [ 114.477093] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.501649] sdb: sdb1 [ 114.502717] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] 732566645 4096-byte logical blocks: (3.00 TB/2.72 TiB) [ 114.504354] sd 5:0:0:0: [sdb] Attached SCSI disk [ 116.804408] EXT4-fs (sdb1): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 3976 failed (47397!=61519) [ 116.804413] EXT4-fs (sdb1): group descriptors corrupted! So I went and fired up my favorite partition manager - gparted, and told it to verify and repair the partition sdb1. This made gparted call e2fsck (version 1.42.4 (12-Jun-2012)) e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Although gparted called e2fsck with the "-v" option, sadly it doesn't show me the output of my e2fsck process (bugreport https://bugzilla.gnome.org/show_bug.cgi?id=467925 ) I started this whole thing on Sunday (2012-11-04_2200) evening, so about 48 hours ago, this is what htop says about it now (2012-11-06-1900): PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 3704 root 39 19 1560M 1166M 768 R 98.0 19.5 42h56:43 e2fsck -f -y -v /dev/sdb1 Now I found a few posts on the internet that discuss e2fsck running slow, for example: http://gparted-forum.surf4.info/viewtopic.php?id=13613 where they write that its a good idea to see if the disk is just that slow because maybe its damaged, and I think these outputs tell me that this is not the case in my case: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm -tT /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: Timing cached reads: 3562 MB in 2.00 seconds = 1783.29 MB/sec Timing buffered disk reads: 82 MB in 3.01 seconds = 27.26 MB/sec kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo hdparm /dev/sdb /dev/sdb: multcount = 0 (off) readonly = 0 (off) readahead = 256 (on) geometry = 364801/255/63, sectors = 5860533160, start = 0 However, although I can read quickly from that disk, this disk speed doesn't seem to be used by e2fsck, considering tools like gkrellm or iotop or this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ iostat -x Linux 3.2.0-2-amd64 (blechmobil) 2012-11-06 _x86_64_ (2 CPU) avg-cpu: %user %nice %system %iowait %steal %idle 14,24 47,81 14,63 0,95 0,00 22,37 Device: rrqm/s wrqm/s r/s w/s rkB/s wkB/s avgrq-sz avgqu-sz await r_await w_await svctm %util sda 0,59 8,29 2,42 5,14 43,17 160,17 53,75 0,30 39,80 8,72 54,42 3,95 2,99 sdb 137,54 5,48 9,23 0,20 587,07 22,73 129,35 0,07 7,70 7,51 16,18 2,17 2,04 Now I researched a little bit on how to find out what e2fsck is doing with all that processor time, and I found the tool strace, which gives me this: kaefert@blechmobil:~$ sudo strace -p3704 lseek(4, 41026998272, SEEK_SET) = 41026998272 write(4, "\212\354K[_\361\3nl\212\245\352\255jR\303\354\312Yv\334p\253r\217\265\3567\325\257\3766"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404766720, SEEK_SET) = 48404766720 read(4, "\7t\260\366\346\337\304\210\33\267j\35\377'\31f\372\252\ffU\317.y\211\360\36\240c\30`\34"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027002368, SEEK_SET) = 41027002368 write(4, "\232]7Ws\321\352\t\1@[+5\263\334\276{\343zZx\352\21\316`1\271[\202\350R`"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404770816, SEEK_SET) = 48404770816 read(4, "\17\362r\230\327\25\346//\210H\v\311\3237\323K\304\306\361a\223\311\324\272?\213\tq \370\24"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 41027006464, SEEK_SET) = 41027006464 write(4, "\367yy>x\216?=\324Z\305\351\376&\25\244\210\271\22\306}\276\237\370(\214\205G\262\360\257#"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 48404774912, SEEK_SET) = 48404774912 read(4, "\365\25\0\21|T\0\21}3t_\272\373\222k\r\177\303\1\201\261\221$\261B\232\3142\21U\316"..., 4096) = 4096 ^CProcess 3704 detached around 16 of these lines every second, so 4 read and 4 write operations every second, which I don't consider to be a lot.. And finally, my question: Will this process ever finish? If those numbers from fseek (48404774912) represent bytes, that would be something like 45 gigabytes, with this beeing a 3 terrabyte disk, which would give me 134 days to go, if the speed stays constant, and he scans the disk like this completly and only once. Do you have some advice for me? I have most of the data on that disk elsewhere, but I've put a lot of hours into sorting and merging it to this disk, so I would prefer to getting this disk up and running again, without formatting it anew. I don't think that the hardware is damaged since the disk is only a few months and since I can't see any I/O errors in the dmesg output. UPDATE: I just looked at the strace output again (2012-11-06_2300), now it looks like this: lseek(4, 1419860611072, SEEK_SET) = 1419860611072 read(4, "3#\f\2447\335\0\22A\355\374\276j\204'\207|\217V|\23\245[\7VP\251\242\276\207\317:"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018145792, SEEK_SET) = 43018145792 write(4, "]\206\231\342Y\204-2I\362\242\344\6R\205\361\324\177\265\317C\334V\324\260\334\275t=\10F."..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860615168, SEEK_SET) = 1419860615168 read(4, "\262\305\314Y\367\37x\326\245\226\226\320N\333$s\34\204\311\222\7\315\236\336\300TK\337\264\236\211n"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018149888, SEEK_SET) = 43018149888 write(4, "\271\224m\311\224\25!I\376\16;\377\0\223H\25Yd\201Y\342\r\203\271\24eG<\202{\373V"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 1419860619264, SEEK_SET) = 1419860619264 read(4, ";d\360\177\n\346\253\210\222|\250\352T\335M\33\260\320\261\7g\222P\344H?t\240\20\2548\310"..., 4096) = 4096 lseek(4, 43018153984, SEEK_SET) = 43018153984 write(4, "\360\252j\317\310\251G\227\335{\214`\341\267\31Y\202\360\v\374\307oq\3063\217Z\223\313\36D\211"..., 4096) = 4096 So this number of the lseeks before the reads, like 1419860619264 are already a lot bigger, standing for 1.29 terabytes if the numbers are bytes, so it doesn't seem to be a linear progress on a big scale, maybe there are only some areas that need work, that have big gaps in between them. (times are in CET)

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• How to properly shrink a disk size of a server that is being backed up off-site?

  - by JKM

  We have a Virtual machine (lets call this one source) that is being hosted locally with a 1TB disk space (that's how big the virtual disk is) and it has been replicated remotely via Veeam to an off-site server (lets call this clone). However, there has been some server configuration changes that has made source not require as much disk space. I am contemplating shrinking the disk size of source, or using the standalone converter to create a new image with a much smaller disk size requirement (about 300GB). The reason behind this is to lessen the time required for the "Discovering replica VM" step during the replication process. My question is what happens to clone when the replication job is run? Do I need to redo the replication/set up a new backup to create an initial seed for source? Will the job automatically pick up that the disk size has shank and adjust the disk size of clone appropriately? What is the best method for accomplishing this?

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• yum update with shared cache

  - by Sammitch

  We've got a big batch of RHEL6 machines that are due for patching, and for some reason the process here does not involve a local repo. I'm new here, I've asked why, ["it just didn't work"] and I don't have enough time to make it work before the window that's already scheduled. So the usual method is to install yum-downloadonly and run yum update --downloadonly --downloaddir=/mnt/cifs_share and then yum update /mnt/cifs_share/*.rpm which just does not look right to me since not all of these machines have the same set of installed packages. The method I tried today was mounting the share to /var/cache/yum/x86_64/6Server/rhel-x86_64-server-6/packages/ which worked, but then yum automatically deleted everything once it finished. I've looked over the yum man page, but I don't see any flag I can feed it to stop it from deleting everything, nor a flag like up2date's --tmpdir=/mnt/cifs_share. Can anyone out there help me kludge this together until I can get a local repository working?

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• Comparison of Unix shells

  - by Andy White

  Of the major Unix shells (bash, ksh, tcsh, zsh, others?), are there any compelling reasons to use one over another? Which is the most interactive/command-line friendly? Which is the most conducive/intuitive for writing scripts? Are there any major built-in features that one shell offers that others don't? Are any of these shells really good for one type of function, but not another? Or are they all pretty well-rounded/flexible? Is it just a matter of personal preference? I can make this community wiki if anyone prefers.

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• Is it safe to use consumer MLC SSDs in a server?

  - by Zypher

  We (and by we I mean Jeff) are looking into the possibility of using Consumer MLC SSD disks in our backup data center. We want to try to keep costs down and usable space up - so the Intel X25-E's are pretty much out at about 700$ each and 64GB of capacity. What we are thinking of doing is to buy some of the lower end SSD's that offer more capacity at a lower price point. My boss doesn't think spending about 5k for disks in servers running out of the backup data center is worth the investment. Just how dangerous of an approach is this and what can be done to mitigate these dangers?

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• apache running but site not accessible

  - by Shyam

  Am pretty new to server administration. So I am not able to get to the root of the problem. I am running Apache2 with mod_php on a 1GB Rackspace Cloud Server (Ubuntu 9.10). My site goes down often, and I have to restart apache2 to get the site working. I checked the "error.log" file. There were no signs of any error messages. I even searched for words like [error] / error / warn / [warn] . But no results. The site goes down and even then apache is running. When the site was down, the checked the status /etc/init.d/apache2 status and it gave ** * Apache is running (pid 433). ** Any suggestions where I should look for the problem. Thanks a lot.

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• Why PowerConnect and Juniper are so rare ? Why do enterprises stick with Cisco ?

  - by Kedare

  Hello ! I have a little question, I'm actually studing in IT in France, and when looking on alternative on the very [...] very expensive Cisco equipment, I've found Juniper and DELL PowerConnect pretty attractive on features and price, but I rarely see something else than the classics Cisco/LinkSys, HP Procurve and Netgear.. Why it's so rare to find those switch ? They looks really great but... I've never seen any Juniper or Powerconnect... Why do enterprises stick with the expensive Cisco ? I've tried to find how to buy both, it's quite easy with PowerConnect, everything is on the DELL website, but it looks it's very hard to find Juniper equipment in France :( Thank you !

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• Windows 2008 Group Policy Setting? - Migration Headache

  - by DevNULL

  I have a small domain of users that I just migrated from a linux domain running open-ldap. Our new servers are running Windows 2008 Standard. I've installed Active Directory and everything is working perfectly... except that the initial user privileges is pretty restrictive and I need to loosen it up a bit. For example once they login to their workstations, they can create new files and folders but can not modify existing files or start. I basically want to open it all up except for software installations. Can someone please help with with this migration headache?

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• VPS hosting for a social network

  - by Jana

  Hi, I've developed a social network and I've been using shared hosting for that since it was launched. With that I wasn't able to send emails in bulk in cases like "newsletters" and "invitations to join my site". Plus most importantly most of the mails I send ended up in user's SPAM list.I'm planning to move into VPS as it may not have limits added. I'm wondering what's the cheapest VPS host available. I'm not pretty much familiar with Linux commands and seeking cPanel to do the work for me. Will the following configuration suit for a "new" social network like mine which has a less load? 1000Mhz Guaranteed 512MB Guaranteed RAM 20GB (RAID) Disk Space 1000GB/month Bandwidth 2 IP(s) & 5 Backups Semi Managed Thanks in advance

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• Manual TRIM Windows 7 on OCZ VERTEX 2 SATA II 2.5" SSD

  - by INTPnerd

  I have an OCZ VERTEX 2 SATA II 2.5" SSD with Windows 7 Professional installed on it. I am pretty sure TRIM is not working because my motherboard is the Asus M2N-SLI (not the Deluxe model) which does not support AHCI mode for the drive. Is there a utility that is compatible with this drive that I could possibly run once a day that would do something similar to a manual TRIM in order to keep the drive performance up? I could not find one specifically for this drive on the OCZ website. I did find a User-Initiated Garbage Collection wiper tool, but it is for a Vertex drive not Vertex 2. I tried to run it, but it said that wiper could not be run for all the drives on this system.

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• Standalone server setup for compute capacity

  - by mikera

  I'm developing an application for my company that will require a lot of compute capacity (running some very big mathematical calculations), and looking for some form of server setup to do this. For various reasons, we want to run this on-site in our office rather than hosting it externally. It's been a while since I last had to set up my own servers so I thought I would tap into the collective wisdom of serverfault! My broad requirements are: Budget $30-50k, with an aim to get as much compute capacity as possible for that budget 64-bit servers suitable to run Ubuntu Linux + Java Some relatively standalone rack that can be installed in secure office space Fast/low latency network connections between the servers, but don't really care about connectivity to the outside world Storage capacity shared between the servers - they don't necessarily need their own storage providing they can be booted from a common image Downtime can be tolerated (since the calculations are run in batch mode) The software itself is fault-tolerant, so there is no need for extra resiliency in the server setup (cheap replaceable commodity parts will be fine in general) Given these requirements what kind of setup would you recommend and why?

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• Automatically Log off Google when logging in using Google OpenID?

  - by Ross Charette

  I use Google as my OpenID provider. Once you log into a website with Google's OpenID I am then logged into Google as well. I do not desire this. Can I somehow automatically log off my Google account, or prevent Google from logging in every time I use my Google OpenID? I prefer not to have my personal google account always logged in. It's not a big deal going to gmail and clicking log off, but if there is a simpler way that would be good. Note to admins: this is not just for stack overflow, please don't close the question.

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• Need to automount dvd or cdrom at fixed mount point in Ubuntu 11.04

  - by Lindsay Haisley

  Ubuntu 11.04, by default, automounts a cdrom or dvd at /media/<vol_name>. I need to make the automounting system use a fixed name instead of the volume name for all CDs or DVDs inserted into this particular drive, e.g. "/media/op-drive0". A bit of searching turns up pretty much the same solution I used, successfully, on an older, gentoo box, which is to create an fdi file for hal, along the lines of the instructions at https://bbs.archlinux.org/viewtopic.php?id=91450. This doesn't seem to work on this box. Other sources say to use the gnome-mount utility to set the mounting properties. Ubuntu 11.04 doesn't know about the gnome-mount program. Any ideas?

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• What is normal SCSI error handling process (scsi_eh_3) CPU time usage?

  - by Kris Jordan

  Last week I got setup with a new dedicated server that is running 4x SCSI drives in RAID 10 on CentOS. The machine is pretty lightly loaded at the moment and has been running for 8 days. The process 'scsi_eh_3' has a CPU time of 13:09.67 in top. This is 3x the next closest CPU time of 4:03.93 for mysqld. Is it normal for the scsi error handling process to use this much CPU time? (Seems like it goes to 0.3% usage ever 5 seconds.) Could this be an indicator that one or more of the drives is having issues?

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• Rejecting new HTTP requests when server reaches a certain throughput

  - by Sam

  I have a requirement to run an HTTP server that rejects new HTTP requests (with a 503, or similar) when the global transfer rate of current HTTP responses exceeds a certain level. For example, if the web server is transferring at 98Mbps, and a new HTTP request arrives, we would want to reject this (as we couldn't guarantee a good speed). I've had a look at mod_cband for Apache, limit_req for nginx, and lighttpd's rate limiting features, but none of them seem to handle my (rather contrived, granted) use case. I should add that I'm open to using pretty much any web server, and am open to implementing this in iptables rules if someone can craft such a rule! (Refusing the TCP connection is fine, it doesn't have to respond with an HTTP 503). Any suggestions?

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• How to login without entering username and password

  - by torbengb

  I'm a newbie running Ubuntu 9.10. I have two users (wife and me), and each user's screensaver is set to lock so that on wakeup, we get to choose which user's desktop to go to. However, Ubuntu requires a password, so this is pretty tedious. I'd like to switch users without entering any password. I know about this trick that works for the boot login, but it doesn't deal with multiple users. Is it possible to set empty passwords for users in Ubuntu, or skip the password in other ways? (I'm expecting real Linux users to suggest that passwordless users must not get any rights and there be an admin user with a strong password. Yes, you're right. But that's not what this question is about. Thanks.)

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• Forwarding Emails From Inbox Only

  - by ircmaxell

  I have a forward setup on one of our public facing email addresses to a few users outside of our system (to an external address). Seeing as it's public (printed on a website in plain text), we get TONS of spam on that account. We're being marked as a SPAM source due to the forwarding by the external system. We have pretty aggressive IMF (Intelligent Message Filtering) setup, and it works great for internal messages. The problem we're facing is that Exchange is forwarding ALL the email received on that account, and not just the messages that pass the IMF (and don't get pushed into Junk). As far as I can tell, there's no way to adjust the IMF settings for that one account. And as far as I can tell, there's no way to setup folder forwarding (inbox - external address) from Exchange. Is there something I'm missing or is there any way around these issues that I may be missing? Thanks...

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• Load images in parallel - supported by browser or a feature to implement?

  - by Michael Mao

  Hi all: I am not a pro in web development and Apache server still remains a mystery to me. we've got a project which runs on LAMP, pretty much like all the commercial hosting plans. I am confused about one problem : does modern browsers support image loading in parallel? or this requires some special feature/config set up from server side? Can this be done with PHP coding or by some server-side configuration? Is a special content delivery networking needed for this? The benchmark demonstration will be the flickr website. I am too suprised to see how all image thumbnails are loaded in a short time after a search as if there were only one image to load. Sorry I cannot present any code to you... completed lost in this:(

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• some keyboard keys not working properly

  - by surfmadpig

  I'm using windows 7. All of a sudden, a couple of hours ago, this happened: My keyboard number keys [above the letters] stopped working properly, both as numbers and as symbols. Only 5 and 6 are functional. Also, I've noticed that the End key isn't working either, and perhaps a couple more from that group. I'm pretty sure it has something to do with those evil Sticky Keys/Filter Keys/ whatever those ease of access things are, BUT I've turned off all the ease of access keyboard options and nothing has changed. Is it possible that something is still turned on while I unchecked it? Are the on/off checkboxes to control WHEN it happens or IF it happens? I also tried rebooting and uninstalling/reinstalling keyboard from device manager, to no avail. It's certainly a software issue and not a hardware issue, as I've tried another keyboard and the problem persists. And, predictably enough, it's annoying. Any ideas?

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• Using iptables to block ALL outgoing traffic from one NIC?

  - by edanfalls

  Hi, I must pretty bad at Googling as this seems like a very basic question but I can't seem to find the answer anywhere... and man iptables is a very long read! I have two NICs - eth0 and eth1 - on a linux box and I want to block ALL outbound traffic (TCP and UDP across all ports) from one of the NICs, so that no traffic makes its way back up to the router. What is the command for this? I have only seen examples with specific ports. Thanks in advance.

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• Photoshop changes colors when moved to a different monitor

  - by Jason

  This Yahoo! answers question pretty much sums up my predicament. Unfortunately I haven't really found an actual answer. Here's a screen shot of what happens when I place Photoshop between my monitors. Imagine that the left side of my laptop is the right square and the yellow is the right side of my monitor. When I move the program to one side fully or the other, it takes on the corresponding color. Obviously the color on the right is correct and Photoshop is changing the color of the image when it moves to my external monitor. Also notice how none of the tools or anything are different colors, just the actual image itself. How do I fix this? EDIT You may also notice that the color palette in the left corner is showing that yellow tinge. I didn't actually pick that yellow color, it's supposed to be showing the grey on the left that I used to fill in the square.

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• Any limitations for putting an SSD in a Mini? How fast would an external HDD be via Firewire? Is Ser

  - by Cyrcle

  I'm considering getting a Mini for web programming. I do a lot of text searches so I want to put a SSD in it. Does the Mini have any limitations that might effect the performance of a SSD? I'm trying to decide if I should get a Mini Server. I'd like to be able to have two internal drives so one can be SSD for OS and the code I'm working on, and the other can be my storage drive. However, I'm not sure if I'll be using the extra functionality of the server edition OSX or not, so I'm reluctant to pay the $200 premium. In a "regular" Mini I could put the SSD internal and use an external big drive, but would the external drive be fast enough via Firewire? Thanks in advance for any info.

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• Disadvantages of using a swap file/partition on an SSD, even when swappiness is set to 0

  - by pjv

  What are the disadvantages of using a swap file/partition on an SSD, even when swappiness is set to 0 I'm particularly interested in the /proc/sys/vm/swappiness=0 case. How much writes are still done, in practice, to that swap file, and does it have a negative impact to the SSD or any other disadvantage? Or would it nearly compare to not having a swap file? I am pretty aware of what swappiness=0 means, just not of what it amounts to in practice. My question stems from a problem I am experiencing without a swap: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/4567972/error-executing-aapt-all-of-the-sudden. There are similar questions regarding SSD and swap but they don't go in-depth into the swappiness=0: Disadvantages of not having a swap partition, Should I keep my swap file on an SSD drive?

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• Excel 'Data Matrix'-Font

  - by ntor

  Is it possible in Excel to have a font that automatically generates a 'Data Matrix'-Code from a text string. (As it is possible for usual Barcodes) Would I perhaps have to use a Add-In, because the font isn't "linear" or "one-dimensional" as barcodes are? EDIT: I found a solution (using a pretty expensive software): I simply used "NiceLabel", which is capable of using XLS-Tables as databases. Then I generated the Codes (Could be Barcodes, QR-Codes, Data Matrix Codes) from the cells in Excel. This solution doesn't automatically generate a 2D-Code into an Excel-Cell but fits for my personal needs.

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• Ubuntu from console/command-line/shell

  - by Xolve

  Earlies linux distros though required lot of manual work they were quite good to use from commandline. If the X-server didn't start or you just want a shell to work they all supported. Network was configured by init; sound was up and ready; new devices inserted would be configured and their configureation was placed in fstab. Also there were small scripts I found on many distros which on X used windows while on console they switched to ncurses. But now this all needs GUI with a desktop manager (KDE, GNOME) for the new paradigms :'-( require GUI (NetworkManger, hal etc.). So if on just command line you have to be root, looks like they believe only geeky admins need that, and need to edit config files or type big commands. Any way so that this is easy in Ubnubtu through shell again.

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