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• IPv6 host route is deleted after PMTU expires

  - by SAPikachu

  I am experimenting my new IPv6 tunnel setup between my local Ubuntu box and a scratch Linode. I set up some docker containers, configured 6in4 tunnel server and IPv6 forwarding on the Linode: # uname -a Linux argo 3.15.4-x86_64-linode45 #1 SMP Mon Jul 7 08:42:36 EDT 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux # ip addr .. snipped .. 48: sit-sapikachu: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1472 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default link/sit 106.185.41.115 peer 1.2.3.4 inet6 fd00::1/64 scope global valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::6ab9:2973/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 13: docker0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP group default link/ether 56:84:7a:fe:97:99 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff inet 172.17.42.1/16 scope global docker0 valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fc00::1/64 scope global valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::5484:7aff:fefe:9799/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever // Docker containers are bridged to docker0 On my local box, I configured a 6in4 tunnel interface to connect to the Linode box, and added a host route to one of the docker container: # uname -a Linux sapikachu-netbox 3.13.0-24-generic #47-Ubuntu SMP Fri May 2 23:30:00 UTC 2014 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux # ip addr .. snipped .. 16: sit-argo: <POINTOPOINT,NOARP,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1480 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN group default link/sit 0.0.0.0 peer 106.185.41.115 inet6 fd00::2/64 scope global valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::a97:302/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::ac19:1/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::c0a8:1f0/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::c0a8:1fa/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever 2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP group default qlen 1000 link/ether *** brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff .. snipped .. inet6 fd00:0:1::1/64 scope global valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever inet6 fe80::2e0:6fff:fe0e:365e/64 scope link valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever # ip route replace fc00::1875:8606:d8c1:8a9d via fd00::1 # Add route to docker container # ip -6 route .. snipped unrelated routes fc00::1875:8606:d8c1:8a9d via fd00::1 dev sit-argo metric 1024 expires 590sec mtu 1472 fd00::/64 dev sit-argo proto kernel metric 256 fd00:0:1::/64 dev eth0 proto kernel metric 256 fe80::/64 dev sit-argo proto kernel metric 256 (Note that tunnel MTU on my local box is different from the server, this is intentional for testing) After adding the host route to the docker container (fc00::1875:8606:d8c1:8a9d), I can ping the container without problem until the route expires. After that I couldn't get reply any more. If I run ip -6 route in a few seconds after expiration, expiration time of the host route will be a negative number: fc00::1875:8606:d8c1:8a9d via fd00::1 dev sit-argo metric 1024 expires -1sec And output of ip route get fc00::1875:8606:d8c1:8a9d shows that it is routed to my default IPv6 gateway (which fails to route it correctly of course, since the address is not globally routable). After some time, the host route disappears without a trace. This problem won't happen if I do either one of the following things: Set MTU of tunnel on my local box to be the same as the server (1472). The route won't have expiration time in both ip -6 route and ip route get in this case. Instead of adding a host route, add a route with network mask (even /127 works). In this case ip -6 route shows the route without expiration time, ip route get shows expiration time but it will be correctly refreshed after expiration. Although this problem can be easily resolved, I am curious to know why this happens. Is there error in my configuration, or is this a kernel bug?

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• How secure is a subnet?

  - by HorusKol

  I have an unfortunate complication in my network - some users/computers are attached to a completely private and firewalled office network that we administer (10.n.n.x/24 intranet), but others are attached to a subnet provided by a third party (129.n.n.x/25) as they need to access the internet via the third party's proxy. I have previously set up a gateway/router to allow the 10.n.n.x/24 network internet access: # Allow established connections, and those !not! coming from the public interface # eth0 = public interface # eth1 = private interface iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW ! -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow outgoing connections from the private interface iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT # Masquerade (NAT) iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # Don't forward any other traffic from the public to the private iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j REJECT However, I now need to enable access to users on our 129.n.n.x/25 subnet to some private servers on the 10.n.n.x/24 network. I figured that I could do something like: # Allow established connections, and those !not! coming from the public interface # eth0 = public interface # eth1 = private interface #1 (10.n.n.x/24) # eth2 = private interface #2 (129.n.n.x/25) iptables -A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A INPUT -m state --state NEW ! -i eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth2 -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT # Allow outgoing connections from the private interfaces iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth0 -j ACCEPT # Allow the two public connections to talk to each other iptables -A FORWARD -i eth1 -o eth2 -j ACCEPT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth2 -o eth1 -j ACCEPT # Masquerade (NAT) iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE # Don't forward any other traffic from the public to the private iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth1 -j REJECT iptables -A FORWARD -i eth0 -o eth2 -j REJECT My concern is that I know that the computers on our 129.n.n.x/25 subnet can be accessed via a VPN through the larger network operated by the provider - therefore, would it be possible for someone on the provider's supernet (correct term? inverse of subnet?) to be able to access our private 10.n.n.x/24 intranet?

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• What are the advantages of OSPF vs nexthop self with iBGP?

  - by Matt Hamilton

  Assuming I have a fairly small network internally, but I have 4 routers each connected out to a different network. The routers are all sat next to each other connected via a switch. Each router uses BGP to speak to the outside networks. There is an iBGP mesh for each router to exchange the routes internally it knows about from each external network. The usual setup is to use OSPF to distribute the connected routes, as the routes via iBGP will still have the next hop set to their original value. What is the advantage of using OSPF in this scenario versus simply using 'set nexthop self' on the routes?

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• How can the route between two private IPs go via public IPs?

  - by Gilles

  I'm trying to understand what this output from traceroute means. I changed the IP addresses for privacy but retained the public/private IP range distinction. traceroute.db -e -n 10.1.1.9 traceroute to (10.1.1.9), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets 1 10.0.0.1 0.596 ms 0.588 ms 0.577 ms 2 10.0.0.2 1.032 ms 1.029 ms 1.084 ms 3 10.0.0.3 3.360 ms 3.355 ms 3.338 ms 4 23.0.0.4 3.974 ms 4.592 ms 4.584 ms 5 23.0.0.5 13.442 ms 13.445 ms 13.434 ms 6 45.0.0.6 13.195 ms 12.924 ms 12.913 ms 7 67.0.0.7 52.088 ms 51.683 ms 52.040 ms 8 10.1.1.8 46.878 ms 44.575 ms 44.815 ms 9 10.1.1.9 45.932 ms 45.603 ms 45.593 ms The first 10.0.* range is inside my organisation. The last 10.1.* range is another site of my organisation. The intermediate addresses belong to various ISPs. I expect that there is some kind of VPN between the two sites, but I don't know much about our network topology. What I don't understand is how the route can go from a private address through public addresses back into private addresses. Searching led me to Public IPs on MPLS Traceroute, which gives a possible explanation: MPLS. Is MPLS the only possible or most likely explanation? Otherwise what does this tell me about our network infrastructure? Bonus question for my edification: in this scenario, who is generating the ICMP TTL exceeded packets and if relevant mangling their source and destination addresses?

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• Prevent users from Router 2 seeing Router 1 computers

  - by Patrick Robert Shea O'Connor

  I've got 2 Netgear N300 (WNR2000v3) routers. Here's my setup: Modem Router 1 Private Users/Router 2 Public Wireless Users on "Guest" Network. I want to prevent users who are connected to Router 2's "Guest" network from accessing anything that is connected to Router 1. There is an option when setting up the "Guest" network called "Allow guest to access My Local Network" which I thought if unchecked would do this very thing; however, I can still access files and such of computers connected to Router 1. Router 1 assigns 192.0.0.x IP addresses, Router 2 assigns 10.0.0.x IP addresses, how can they even see each other? Do I need to change the subnet or something else?

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• How to build an outbound load balancer with linux?

  - by matnagel

  We have a small house in the countryside and there is no fixed broadband, so we had a mobile flatrate first, and for 2 people with 2 computers it was too slow, so now we have 2 flatrates for 2 client machines. So I pay 2 flatrates and have double bandwith theoretically. There is a local network in the house that connects everything. But when I am alone I wonder how I can use both connections at the same time. I want to build a solution where I can browse the web and page requests are spread between the 2 connections. I imagine there are expensive routers who can split the traffic between 2 lines. But is there a good way to do it with linux? The solution I am looking for will split the requests already for one page (multiple images, css files, javascrfipt files) between the two lines.

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• How to securly join two networks together over the Internet?

  - by Pyrolistical

  Let's say there are two locations. Both locations have their own fast Internet connections. How do you join these two networks together such that every computer can see every other computer? Do you need a domain controller, or can you do this with workgroups? EDIT The obvious solution seems to be VPN, but can VPN be implemented on the routers only? Can the computers on the network be configuration free?

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• How to route traffic through a VPN tunnel?

  - by Gabriel

  The problem with our server is that we need to use the bug ridden and awful AT&T network client, which causes our server to bluescreen once per 24 hours. Does any one know how to (or has a good guide) quickly set up a workstation running Windows server 2008 R2 as a proxy server. So this spare workstation would run AT&T and would act as a bridge between our server and the server that can be connected to only via the AT&T VPN software. And this way our own production server would not crash so often (or not at all) and the workstation can happily crash whenever it wants to.

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• IPTABLE & IP-routed netwok solution for HOST net and VM's subnet

  - by Daniel

  I've got ProxmoxVE2.1 ruled KVM node on Debian and bunch of VM's guests machine. That is how my networking looks like: # network interface settings auto lo iface lo inet loopback # device: eth0 auto eth0 iface eth0 inet static address 175.219.59.209 gateway 175.219.59.193 netmask 255.255.255.224 post-up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/eth0/proxy_arp And I've got two working subnet solution auto vmbr0 iface vmbr0 inet static address 10.10.0.1 netmask 255.255.0.0 bridge_ports none bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 post-up ip route add 10.10.0.1/24 dev vmbr0 This way I can reach internet, to resolve outside hosts, update and download everything I need but can't reach one guest VM out of any other VM's inside my network. The second solution allows me to communicate between VM's: auto vmbr1 iface vmbr1 inet static address 10.10.0.1 netmask 255.255.255.0 bridge_ports none bridge_stp off bridge_fd 0 post-up echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward post-up iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s '10.10.0.0/24' -o vmbr1 -j MASQUERADE post-down iptables -t nat -D POSTROUTING -s '10.10.0.0/24' -o vmbr1 -j MASQUERADE I can even NAT internal addresses: -t nat -I PREROUTING -p tcp --dport 789 -j DNAT --to-destination 10.10.0.220:345 My inexperienced mind is ready to double VM's net adapters: one for the first solution and another - for second (with slightly different adresses) but I'm pretty sure that it's a dumb way to resolve the problem and everything can be resolved via iptables/ip route rules that I can't create. I've tried a dozen of "wizard manuals" and "howto's" to mix both solution but without success. Looking for an advice (and good reading links for networking begginers).

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• What is a good router linux distro and WHY?

  - by madmaze

  I have a rather large home network with many clients. Ive decided I want to build a Linux based router, I have an 1.6Ghz dual-core(atom) system kicking around which will be re-purposed. So ive looked at a bunch of specific router distros but cant decide. I have also looked into taking a Ubuntu server or FreeBSD install and adding needed packages. So question is, what is the best router-Linux or base Linux distro and why? resources appreciated.

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• Server 2003 and XP Client; Why are HTTP connections being silently dropped.

  - by Asa Yeamans

  On my network, my edge-router, a windows 2003 r2 server router with all the latest updates, will drop packets, but only under specific circumstances. I have troubleshot and isolated it down to the most simple configuration i can. There is NO NAT involved. Only fully-public IP addresses. No Firewalls are running either, all ahve been disabled. no packet filters on any interfaces anywhere either. I have a single Windows XP virtual machine and my edge-router(the windows 2003 r2 server, and also a virtual machine) running on a windows 2008 x64 r2 system (running virtual server 2005 as i dont have Intel-VT compatible chip yet). The edge router can access any external http site just fine, no issues. However the windows XP machine is only able to access certain sites. These work: www.google.com www.txstate.edu www.workintexas.com www.thedailywtf.com . These Dont: www.yahoo.com www.utexas.edu en.wikipedia.org slashdot.org www.bing.com. I have removed all possibility of DNS issues by connecting with net-cat from the XP box and sending GET /\r\nHost: \r\n\r\n and that connection replicates the issue as well. The network setup: My statically assigned IP block: x.x.x.168/29 DSL Modem -----PPPoE Connection---- x.x.x.169[EdgeRouter] [EdgeRouter]x.x.x.170 -----Virtual Ethernet----- x.x.x.174 [Test2] Test2's Default gateway is x.x.x.170 and test2 can ping any and every valid, accessible, public IP address with no packet loss what-so-ever. If i connect directly over PPPoE from test2 (the XP box) everything works just fine... Im at my wits end, i have NO IDEA whats causing this.

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• Do I need a VPN to secure communication over a T1 line?

  - by Seth

  I have a dedicated T1 line that runs between my office and my data center. Both ends have public IP addresses. On both ends, we have a T1 routers which connect to SonicWall firewalls. The SonicWalls do a site-to-site VPN and handle the network translation, so the computers on the office network (10.0.100.x) can access the servers in the rack (10.0.103.x). So the question: can I just add a static route to the SonicWalls so each network can access each other with out the VPN? Are there security problems (such as, someone else adding the appropriate static route and being able to access either the office or the datacenter)? Is there another / better way to do it? The reason I'm looking at this is because the T1 is already a pretty small pipe, and having the VPN overhead makes connectivity really slow.

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• OpenVPN access to a private network

  - by Gior312

  There are many similar topics about my issue, however I cannot figure out a solution for myself. There are three hosts. A without a routable address but with an Internet access. Server S with a routable Internet address and host B behind NAT in a private network. What I've managed to do is a OpenVPN connection between A and B via S. Everything works fine so far according to this manual VPN Setup What I want to do is to connect A to Bs private network 10.A.B.x I tried this manual but had no luck. So A has a vpn address 10.9.0.10, B's vpn address is 10.9.0.6 and B's private network is 10.20.20.0/24. When at the Server I try to make a route to Bs private network like this sudo route add 10.20.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.9.0.6 dev tun0 it says "route: netmask 000000ff doesn't make sense with host route" but I don't know how to tell Server to look for a private network in a different way. Do you know how can I make it right ?

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• How to Configure Different Gateways for Different VLANs

  - by Bryan

  I have around 10 VLANs, and two different internet gateways. I want traffic on some VLANs to use one gateway, and traffic on other VLANs to use another gateway. (e.g. I wish to route server traffic via one gateway and desktop internet traffic down another). Is it possible to configure different default routes for different VLANs on a Dell 6224 switch? Or is their a better way of doing what I'm trying to achieve? The core switch I am using is a Dell PowerConnect 6224 switch. Currently I'm using: ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 10.58.3.16 which creates the default gateway for all VLANs. I did consider adding multiple routes with equal metric, and setting ACLs between the VLANs to deny access to the 'wrong' gateway, but that idea just doesn't feel right to me.

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• ADD ROUTE command in windows 2008R2

  - by Mehrdad Kamelzadeh

  I don't know much about Networking, So excuse me if I am raising some basic issues. I have a LAN where there is a Windows Server 2008R2 with some clients connected to it. The clients are not joined to the domain of the Server (they are in a WORKGROUP). I have set up a VPS on the server machine (PPTP) with a Static address pool of range 10.0.0.1 - 10.0.0.10 but the LAN range itself is 192.168.1.1 - 192.168.1.254. When I connect to the server from another location over the internet, I can just see the server and I can not see the other clients which are in the same LAN as the server. what to do to see the other clients? a friend of mine said that you should use the ADD ROUTE command. Beacuse of that I used this command as my title. What would be the best way to address this problem? Thanks

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• Allow access to printer between interfaces on Cisco ASA5510

  - by Jonas Stensved

  I have a Cisco ASA5510 where we have to separate networks on two separate interfaces. The networks have and should have nothing to do with each other except that network B needs to access a printer on network A. Network A: 192.168.137.0/24 Printer: 192.168.137.20 Network B: 192.168.0.0/24 I've added an incoming rule from Network A to the Printer IP in the ASDM interface but clients can't print. Our previous router was configured to let traffic through so the clients on Network B is already configured so it think it should work if the traffic is allowed. How do I let clients on Network B communicate with the printer?

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• How two use 2 subnets on one network

  - by BGuy2010

  I have some servers at a colocation. They've given us an IP range,subnet,and gateway. Now we have run out of IP's and they've given us a new range of IP's but with a different subnet and gateway. We have a Juniper NetScreen firewall and a load balancer, and I am not sure how to proceed in order to be able to use these new IPS that are on a different subnet. Do I need to setup a new VLAN? on our firewall? I tried adding one of the new IP's on one of our servers, with the new subnet and gateway. I could ping the alternate gateway, but could not ping the assigned IP from outside or from inside.

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• Use first or last free IP for the default gateway?

  - by Thomas

  Please assume a simple LAN on 192.168.100.0/24. Would you configure the default router on 192.168.100.1 or 192.168.100.254 and why? Thanks

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• sbs-server with 2 nics and 2 connections to the internet with different providers not working as it

  - by erik-van-gorp

  We have the following configuration : A sbs-2003 server in a domain (mydomain.com) with 2 network cards, each connected to a different network (provider), with different gateways, one for web and one for mail and clients. (we do this because the bandwitdh we get from our providers is too small to handle all the mail(+spam) traffic and webservices, so we took 2 providers) DNS is as follows : www.mydomain.com 1.2.3.4 mail.mydomain.com 5.6.7.8 NIC 1(192.168.1.3) is connected to to the internet through a firewall at 192.168.1.1, having wan address 1.2.3.4 NIC 2(10.0.0.3) is connected to to the internet through a firewall at 10.0.0.1, having wan address 5.6.7.8 Both nics have their default gateway installed at their corresponding routers. Also the metrics are set equal. (i know this isn't a supported config, but it works more or less). In this configuration i can use RDP on both wan adresses, and telnet to port 25 works as well on both. The issue now is that since a few weeks , we get regular disconnections, and website hickups(timeouts), several per hour. If we set one router to a higher metric, that route no longer works. In short, I want the mails to route through NIC2 and the web through NIC1. Any better configuration (without installing a second mail server) ?

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• How to route packets from Wi-Fi to Ethernet on OSX?

  - by Alexander Artemenko

  I have a trouble, configuring a home network. Here is how my devices are connected together: Internet     ? Wi-Fi Router ? MacBook     ? iMac ?ethernet cable? Synology NAS I have no ability to plugin NAS right into the Wi-Fi router. The problem is that MacBook does not see NAS, because they are in different networks — I configured Wi-Fi Router to serve 192.168.10.0/24 addresses, and configured iMac's ethernet connection to use 192.168.20/24 network. Is there a way to setup route from MacBook to the NAS?

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• OpenVPN (HideMyAss) client on Ubuntu: Route only HTTP traffic

  - by Andersmith

  I want to use HideMyAss VPN (hidemyass.com) on Ubuntu Linux to route only HTTP (ports 80 & 443) traffic to the HideMyAss VPN server, and leave all the other traffic (MySQL, SSH, etc.) alone. I'm running Ubuntu on AWS EC2 instances. The problem is that when I try and run the default HMA script, I suddenly can't SSH into the Ubuntu instance anymore and have to reboot it from the AWS console. I suspect the Ubuntu instance will also have trouble connecting to the RDS MySQL database, but haven't confirmed it. HMA uses OpenVPN like this: sudo openvpn client.cfg The client configuration file (client.cfg) looks like this: ############################################## # Sample client-side OpenVPN 2.0 config file # # for connecting to multi-client server. # # # # This configuration can be used by multiple # # clients, however each client should have # # its own cert and key files. # # # # On Windows, you might want to rename this # # file so it has a .ovpn extension # ############################################## # Specify that we are a client and that we # will be pulling certain config file directives # from the server. client auth-user-pass #management-query-passwords #management-hold # Disable management port for debugging port issues #management 127.0.0.1 13010 ping 5 ping-exit 30 # Use the same setting as you are using on # the server. # On most systems, the VPN will not function # unless you partially or fully disable # the firewall for the TUN/TAP interface. #;dev tap dev tun # Windows needs the TAP-Win32 adapter name # from the Network Connections panel # if you have more than one. On XP SP2, # you may need to disable the firewall # for the TAP adapter. ;dev-node MyTap # Are we connecting to a TCP or # UDP server? Use the same setting as # on the server. proto tcp ;proto udp # The hostname/IP and port of the server. # You can have multiple remote entries # to load balance between the servers. # All VPN Servers are added at the very end ;remote my-server-2 1194 # Choose a random host from the remote # list for load-balancing. Otherwise # try hosts in the order specified. # We order the hosts according to number of connections. # So no need to randomize the list # remote-random # Keep trying indefinitely to resolve the # host name of the OpenVPN server. Very useful # on machines which are not permanently connected # to the internet such as laptops. resolv-retry infinite # Most clients don't need to bind to # a specific local port number. nobind # Downgrade privileges after initialization (non-Windows only) ;user nobody ;group nobody # Try to preserve some state across restarts. persist-key persist-tun # If you are connecting through an # HTTP proxy to reach the actual OpenVPN # server, put the proxy server/IP and # port number here. See the man page # if your proxy server requires # authentication. ;http-proxy-retry # retry on connection failures ;http-proxy [proxy server] [proxy port #] # Wireless networks often produce a lot # of duplicate packets. Set this flag # to silence duplicate packet warnings. ;mute-replay-warnings # SSL/TLS parms. # See the server config file for more # description. It's best to use # a separate .crt/.key file pair # for each client. A single ca # file can be used for all clients. ca ./keys/ca.crt cert ./keys/hmauser.crt key ./keys/hmauser.key # Verify server certificate by checking # that the certicate has the nsCertType # field set to "server". This is an # important precaution to protect against # a potential attack discussed here: # http://openvpn.net/howto.html#mitm # # To use this feature, you will need to generate # your server certificates with the nsCertType # field set to "server". The build-key-server # script in the easy-rsa folder will do this. ;ns-cert-type server # If a tls-auth key is used on the server # then every client must also have the key. ;tls-auth ta.key 1 # Select a cryptographic cipher. # If the cipher option is used on the server # then you must also specify it here. ;cipher x # Enable compression on the VPN link. # Don't enable this unless it is also # enabled in the server config file. #comp-lzo # Set log file verbosity. verb 3 # Silence repeating messages ;mute 20 # Detect proxy auto matically #auto-proxy # Need this for Vista connection issue route-metric 1 # Get rid of the cached password warning #auth-nocache #show-net-up #dhcp-renew #dhcp-release #route-delay 0 120 # added to prevent MITM attack ns-cert-type server # # Remote servers added dynamically by the master server # DO NOT CHANGE below this line # remote-random remote 173.242.116.200 443 # 0 remote 38.121.77.74 443 # 0 # etc... remote 67.23.177.5 443 # 0 remote 46.19.136.130 443 # 0 remote 173.254.207.2 443 # 0 # END

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• Slackware - Assigning routes (IP address ranges) to one of many network adapters

  - by Dogbert

  I am using a Slackware 13.37 virtual machine within VirtualBox (current). I currently have a number of Ubuntu VMs on a single server, along with this Slackware VM. All VMs have been set up to use "Internal Network" mode, so they are all on a private LAN, and can see each other (ie: share files amongst themselves), but they remain private from the outside world. On on the these VMs (the Slackware one), I need to be able to grant it access to both this private network, and the internet at large. The first suggestion I found for handling this is to add another virtual network adapter to the VM, then set it to NAT. This results in the Slackware VM having the following network adapter setup: -NIC#1: Internal Network -NIC#2: NAT I want to set up the first network adapter (NIC#1) to handle all traffic on the following subnets: 10.10.0.0/255.255.0.0 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 And I want the second virtual network adapter (NIC#2) to handle everything else (ie: internet access). May I please have some assistance in setting this up on my Slackware VM? Additionally, I have searched for similar questions on SuperUser and Stackoverflow, but they all seem to pertain to my situation (ie: they all refer to OSX, or Ubuntu via the use of some UI-based tool). I'm trying to do this on Slack specifically via the command-line. Thanks!

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• Will my internet address for my internal site cause my traffic to go external?

  - by Toby Allen

  If I have two domains pointing to the same machine, but one resolves to an internal address and the other to my internet facing router, will there be any differnce in route taken to my machine (primarily in terms of performanc). eg. internal.mydomain.com resolves to 192.168.1.200 external.mydomain.com resolves to A.Web.External.IP both eventually resolve back to the same machine. For a client in the network, will using the external address give a performance penalty?

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• Nginx fastcgi problems with django

  - by wizard

  I'm deploying my first django app. I'm familiar with nginx and fastcgi from deploying php-fpm. I can't get python to recognize the urls. I'm also at a loss on how to debug this further. I'd welcome solutions to this problem and tips on debugging fastcgi problems. Currently I get a 404 page regardless of the url and for some reason a double slash For http://www.site.com/admin/ Page not found (404) Request Method: GET Request URL: http://www.site.com/admin// My urls.py from the debug output - which work in the dev server. Using the URLconf defined in ahrlty.urls, Django tried these URL patterns, in this order: ^listings/ ^admin/ ^accounts/login/$ ^accounts/logout/$ my nginx config server { listen 80; server_name beta.ahrlty.com; access_log /home/ahrlty/ahrlty/logs/access.log; error_log /home/ahrlty/ahrlty/logs/error.log; location /static/ { alias /home/ahrlty/ahrlty/ahrlty/static/; break; } location /media/ { alias /usr/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/django/contrib/admin/media/; break; } location / { include /etc/nginx/fastcgi_params; fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8001; break; } } and my fastcgi_params fastcgi_param QUERY_STRING $query_string; fastcgi_param REQUEST_METHOD $request_method; fastcgi_param CONTENT_TYPE $content_type; fastcgi_param CONTENT_LENGTH $content_length; fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $fastcgi_script_name; fastcgi_param REQUEST_URI $request_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_URI $document_uri; fastcgi_param DOCUMENT_ROOT $document_root; fastcgi_param SERVER_PROTOCOL $server_protocol; fastcgi_param GATEWAY_INTERFACE CGI/1.1; fastcgi_param SERVER_SOFTWARE nginx/$nginx_version; fastcgi_param REMOTE_ADDR $remote_addr; fastcgi_param REMOTE_PORT $remote_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_ADDR $server_addr; fastcgi_param SERVER_PORT $server_port; fastcgi_param SERVER_NAME $server_name; fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_script_name; # PHP only, required if PHP was built with --enable-force-cgi-redirect fastcgi_param REDIRECT_STATUS 200; And lastly I'm running fastcgi from the commandline with django's manage.py. python manage.py runfcgi method=threaded host=127.0.0.1 port=8080 pidfile=mysite.pid minspare=4 maxspare=30 daemonize=false I'm having a hard time debugging this one. Does anything jump out at anybody?

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• Add a server between router and switch (production)

  - by Kossel

  I have a small office network basically like below, there are more router/pc connected in S1. As you can see, the router is doing job of DHCP, DNS. but now I wish to add a Linux server between R1 and S1, So I can monitor the network traffic and do other more advance server admin stuff. the whole office network is 192.168.1.x and people are using their computer everyday. What network configuration should the new Linux server have (both interfaces) in order to minimize the changes need in the network? tried to change R1 ip to 192.168.100.1 them add the server with FE0/0 192.168.100.1 and FE0/1 192.168.1.1 but looks cannot ping the original Router..

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