Search Results

Search found 1308 results on 53 pages for 'wikipedia'.

Page 36/53 | < Previous Page | 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43  | Next Page >

• The unmentioned parts of COBOL's history

  - by be nice to me.

  I'm very curious about old programming languages, especially COBOL, and as Wikipedia couldn't really tell me much about this topic, I decided to ask it here: Was COBOL the first programming language really being used in financial, stock and banking systems? Where exactly was COBOL used? Was it used more frequently than Fortran or BASIC, for example? I don't know if you lived at that time, but how did people react to the rising COBOL? Did they expect it to be the future? When has COBOL actually stopped being used to create new, big systems? Are you sure that there are still important legacy apps written in COBOL out there? I can't believe that somehow.

  Read the article

• Real world example of Unification in First Order Logic?

  - by Sebi

  I know this is only part of a programming question, but at the moment, I'm doing a little bit of logic programming. One thing I still don't understand correctly is Unification in First Order Logic. I read the Wikipedia article and it is more or less clear that the purpose is searching a term that unifies two sentences... There are also examples in this article but I just don't get the point why this should be useful. Can anyone give an example with real world objects instead of A, B, C,, etc.? I hope this will help me to understand. Thanks

  Read the article

• "Arbitrary" context free grammars?

  - by danwroy

  Long time admirer first time inquirer :) I'm working on a program which derives a deterministic finite-state automata from a context-free grammar, and the paper I have been assigned which explains how to do this keeps referring to "arbitrary probabilistic context-free grammars" but never defines the meaning of "arbitrary" in relation to PCFGs. I assume they mean "any old PCFG" but then why not just say "any PCFG"? The term also turns up in several Wikipedia entries. At the top of the CFG page there is a reference to arbitrariness in relation to CFGs on ("clauses can be nested inside clauses arbitrarily deeply"), but doesn't make clear why someone would refer to a PCFG or subset of PCFGs as arbitrary. In case anyone is curious, the paper is Parsing and Hypergraphs by Klein and Manning (2001); I've also been reading two other papers by them related to this one (An Agenda-Based Chart Parser for Arbitrary Probabilistic Context-Free Grammars and Empirical Bounds, Theoretical Models, and the Penn Treebank) which use the term extensively but never explain it either. Thanks for your help!

  Read the article

• Understanding the Unix file system and ruby installs without Sudo

  - by JZ

  I'm trying to comprehend the Unix file system on my OSX. I'm following wikipedia Filesystem Hierarchy Standard. I understand when I install ruby gems I must use the command sudo gem install but if I omit sudo, problems may occur. Where are gems installed within the file system when I omit sudo? How can I delete these gems? A Fun side question: When I enter cd ~/.gem my terminal is directed to .gem user$, When I enter cd ~/ and list folders using the ls command I can't find a .gem folder. Where is the .gem folder? How does this fit into the Filesystem?

  Read the article

• How to keep history of record updates in MySQL?

  - by Proxium

  I have to create a code in PHP that will allow me to keep the history of record updates in MySQL database so I can find by date an old revision. Here is the example of what I actualy want to achive: http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tunisia&action=history The data are mostly Numbers that we record about the company for generating reports and to extract indices. I plan to use codeigniter for it's simplicity and I'm looking for idea about a framework or an opensource project that use the same approche to keep history of modifications in the database.

  Read the article

• How to choose the right web application framework?

  - by thenextwebguy

  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_web_application_frameworks Since we are ambitiously aiming to be big, scalability is important, and so are globalization features. Since we are starting out without funding, price/performance and cost of licences/hardware is important. We definitely want to bring AJAX well present in the web interface. But apart from these, there's no further criteria I can come up with. I'm most experienced with C#/ASP.net, PHP and Java, in that order, but don't turn down other languages (Ruby, Python, Scala, etc.). How can we determine from the jungle of frameworks the one that suits best our goal? What other questions should we be asking ourselves? Reference material: articles, book recommendations, websites, etc.?

  Read the article

• REST: Should I redirect to the version URL of an entity?

  - by sfussenegger

  I am currently working on a REST service. This service has an entity which has different versions, similar to Wikipedia articles. Now I'm wondering what I should return if for GET /article/4711 Should I use a (temporary) redirect to the current version, e.g. GET /article/4711/version/7 Or should I return the current version directly? Using redirects would considerably simplify HTTP caching (using Last-Modified) but has the disadvantages a redirect has (extra request, 'harder' to implement). Therefore I'm not sure whether this is good practice though. Any suggestions, advise, or experiences to share? (btw: ever tried search for "REST Version"? Everything you get is about the version of the API rather than entities. So please bear with me if this is a duplicate.)

  Read the article

• Depth First Search Basics

  - by cam

  I'm trying to improve my current algorithm for the 8 Queens problem, and this is the first time I'm really dealing with algorithm design/algorithms. I want to implement a depth-first search combined with a permutation of the different Y values described here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eight_queens_puzzle#The_eight_queens_puzzle_as_an_exercise_in_algorithm_design I've implemented the permutation part to solve the problem, but I'm having a little trouble wrapping my mind around the depth-first search. It is described as a way of traversing a tree/graph, but does it generate the tree graph? It seems the only way that this method would be more efficient only if the depth-first search generates the tree structure to be traversed, by implementing some logic to only generate certain parts of the tree. So essentially, I would have to create an algorithm that generated a pruned tree of lexigraphic permutations. I know how to implement the pruning logic, but I'm just not sure how to tie it in with the permutation generator since I've been using next_permutation. Is there any resources that could help me with the basics of depth first searches or creating lexigraphic permutations in tree form?

  Read the article

• NoSql Crash Course/Tutorial

  - by Chris Thompson

  Hi all, I've seen NoSQL pop up quite a bit on SO and I have a solid understanding of why you would use it (from here, Wikipedia, etc). This could be due to the lack of concrete and uniform definition of what it is (more of a paradigm than concrete implementation), but I'm struggling to wrap my head around how I would go about designing a system that would use it or how I would implement it in my system. I'm really stuck in a relational-db mindset thinking of things in terms of tables and joins... At any rate, does anybody know of a crash course/tutorial on a system that would use it (kind of a "hello world" for a NoSQL-based system) or a tutorial that takes an existing "Hello World" app based on SQL and converts it to NoSQL (not necessarily in code, but just a high-level explanation). I see this having one solid answer, but if you guys feel like it should be community wiki, I'll be happy to change it. Thanks! Chris

  Read the article

• State pattern: Why doesn't the context class implement or inherit the State abstract interface/class

  - by Ricket

  I'm reading about the State pattern. I have only just begun, so of course I begin by reading the entire Wikipedia article on it. I noticed that both of the examples in the article have some base abstract class or Java interface for a generic State's methods/functions. Then there are some states which inherit from the base and implement those methods/functions in different ways. Then there's a Context class which has a private member of type State and which, at any time, can be equal to an instance of one of the implementations. That context class also implements the same methods, and passes them onto the current state instance, and then has an additional method to change the state (or depending on design I understand the change of state could be a reaction to one of the implemented methods). Why doesn't this context class specifically "extend" or "implement" the generic State base class/interface?

  Read the article

• Examples of how to visualize a versioning system?

  - by Alex Gilbert

  My shop is trying to formalize the release management process for an OSS product we maintain. It's a sort of a web development framework/CMS kind of thing, as in it's a product that other projects are built on top of. This makes clear communication about the versioning system especially critical for developers that are using the tool. I'm hoping to find some examples of how best to graph this system so we can communicate it better internally and with outside developers. I know there are lots of standards and best practices around versioning, so I'm hoping this extends to some sort of visual vocabulary as well. As one example, there is a nifty graph at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Versioning#Software_Versioning_schemes. Are there any guides out there on how these sorts of things should be designed?

  Read the article

• What is the difference between a 32-bit and 64-bit processor?

  - by JJG

  I have been trying to read up on 32-bit and 64-bit processors (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/32-bit_processing). My understanding is that a 32-bit processor (like x86) has registers 32-bits wide. I'm not sure what that means. So it has special "memory spaces" that can store integer values up to 2^32? I don't want to sound stupid, but I have no idea about processors. I'm assuming 64-bits is, in general, better than 32-bits. Although my computer now (one year old, Win 7, Intel Atom) has a 32-bit processor.

  Read the article

• How to normalize a URL in Java?

  - by dfrankow

  URL normalization (or URL canonicalization) is the process by which URLs are modified and standardized in a consistent manner. The goal of the normalization process is to transform a URL into a normalized or canonical URL so it is possible to determine if two syntactically different URLs are equivalent. Strategies include lowercasing, adding trailing slashes, https = http, etc. The Wikipedia page lists many. Got a favorite method of doing this in Java? Perhaps a library (Nutch?), but I'm open. Smaller and fewer dependencies is better. I'll handcode something for now and keep an eye on this question.

  Read the article

• Can games be considered real-time systems?

  - by harry

  I've been reading up on real-time systems and how they work etc. I was looking at the wikipedia article as well that said a game of Chess with a timer per move can be considered a real-time system because the program MUST compute a move in that time. What about other games? As we know, games generally try and run at 25+ FPS, could it be considered a soft real-time system since if it falls under 25 (I'm using 25 as a pre-defined threshold btw) it's not the end of the world, just a hit to the performance that we wanted? Also - games have events they must handle as well. The user uses the keyboard/mouse and the system must answer those events accordingly within (again) a pre-defined time, before the game is considered to have "failed". Oh, and I'm talking single-player for now to keep things simple. It sounds like games fit the soft real-time system criteria, but I'd like to know if I'm missing anything... thanks.

  Read the article

• what is the idea behind scaling an image using lanczos?

  - by banister

  Hi, I'm interested in image scaling algorithms and have implemented the bilinear and bicubic methods. However, I have heard of the lanczos and other more sophisticated methods for even higher quality image scaling and I am very curious how they work. Could someone here explain the basic idea behind scaling an image using lanczos (both upscaling and downscaling) and why it results in higher quality? I do have a background in fourier analysis and have done some signal processing stuff in the past, but not with relation to image processing, so don't be afraid to use terms like "frequency response" and such in your answer :) EDIT: I guess what i really want to know is the concept and theory behind using a convolution filter for interpolation. (Note: i have already read the wikipedia article on lanczos resampling but it didn't have nearly enough detail for me) thanks alot!

  Read the article

• Make xargs execute the command once for each line of input

  - by Readonly

  How can I make xargs execute the command exactly once for each line of input given? It's default behavior is to chunk the lines and execute the command once, passing multiple lines to each instance. From http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xargs: find /path -type f -print0 | xargs -0 rm In this example, find feeds the input of xargs with a long list of file names. xargs then splits this list into sublists and calls rm once for every sublist. This is more efficient than this functionally equivalent version: find /path -type f -exec rm '{}' \; I know that find has the "exec" flag. I am just quoting an illustrative example from another resource.

  Read the article

• API for accessing PHP documentation?

  - by Chad Johnson

  I'm done some Googling, and I've found nothing. I'm scoping out writing a plugin for an editor I use, and I am wondering whether there is a way I can access the PHP documentation via an API? For instance, I'd like to get raw access to the information (besides the comments) located here: http://php.net/file_exists. php.net seemingly uses MediaWiki which provides an API. The tutorial provides the example URL, http://en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=login&format=xml. This does not work for php.net, however (http://php.net/w/api.php?action=login&format=xml). I'm just looking for a little information on how to interface with the PHP documentation.

  Read the article

• Implementing Dijkstra's Algorithm

  - by DeadMG

  I've been tasked (coursework @ university) to implement a form of path-finding. Now, in-spec, I could just implement a brute force, since there's a limit on the number of nodes to search (begin, two in the middle, end), but I want to re-use this code and came to implement Dijkstra's algorithm. I've seen the pseudo on Wikipedia and a friend wrote some for me as well, but it flat out doesn't make sense. The algorithm seems pretty simple and it's not a problem for me to understand it, but I just can't for the life of me visualize the code that would realize such a thing. Any suggestions/tips?

  Read the article

• Mac OS date command - getting higher resolution time

  - by Mark

  Hey all, I am trying to use the date command in Terminal on multiple Mac OS X machines that are synced via NTP to synchronize some code in a program. Essentially I am running a program... MyProgram with arguments[date] I can get date to give me the seconds since the Unix epoch with the %M specifier. When I try to use %N to get nanosecond resolution, date just returns N. Is there anyway to get date to give me finer then second resolution? I wouldn't even mind passing two arguments such as (date +%M):arg2 And then converting units in the program. Many thanks in advance! %N specifier listed here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Date_(Unix)

  Read the article

• Naming convention in Objective C /C , start with "_"?

  - by Tattat

  Something I see ppl define the variable like this: b2World *_world; b2Body *_body; CCSprite *_ball; instead of b2World *world; b2Body *body; CCSprite *ball; I familiar with the second one, but not the first one. So, I checked the Wikipedia about naming convention: Names beginning with double underscore or an underscore and a capital letter are reserved for implementation (compiler, standard library) and should not be used (e.g. __reserved or _Reserved). So, is that any special meaning which is start with "_"? The wiki page.

  Read the article

• Using Markov models to convert all caps to mixed case and related problems

  - by hippietrail

  I've been thinking about using Markov techniques to restore missing information to natural language text. Restore mixed case to text in all caps Restore accents / diacritics to languages which should have them but have been converted to plain ASCII Convert rough phonetic transcriptions back into native alphabets That seems to be in order of least difficult to most difficult. Basically the problem is resolving ambiguities based on context. I can use Wiktionary as a dictionary and Wikipedia as a corpus using n-grams and Markov chains to resolve the ambiguities. Am I on the right track? Are there already some services, libraries, or tools for this sort of thing? Examples GEORGE LOST HIS SIM CARD IN THE BUSH - George lost his SIM card in the bush tantot il rit a gorge deployee - tantôt il rit à gorge déployée

  Read the article

• what does the '~' mean in python?

  - by hidroto

  what does the '~' mean in python? i found this BF interpreter in python a while ago. import sys #c,i,r,p=0,0,[0]*255,raw_input() c=0 i=0 p=raw_input() r=[0]*255 while c<len(p): m,n,u=p[c],0,r[i] if m==">":i+=1 if m=="<":i-=1 if m=="+":r[i]+=1 if m=="-":r[i]-=1 if m==".":sys.stdout.write(chr(u)) if m=="[": if ~u: while 1: m=p[c] if m=="]":n-=1 if m=="[":n+=1 if ~n:break c+=1 if m=="]": if u: while 1: m=p[c] if m=="]":n-=1 if m=="[":n+=1 if ~n:break c-=1 c+=1 and i want to know what it does because i want to make one on my ti 84 (and a PF one) BF is http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brainfuck and PF is something similar

  Read the article

• Give me a practical use-case of Multi-set

  - by Calm Storm

  I would like to know a few practical use-cases (if they are not related/tied to any programming language it will be better).I can associate Sets, Lists and Maps to practical use cases. For example if you wanted a glossary of a book where terms that you want are listed alphabetically and a location/page number is the value, you would use the collection TreeMap(OrderedMap which is a Map) Somehow, I can't associate MultiSets with any "practical" usecase. Does someone know of any uses? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiset does not tell me enough :) PS: If you guys think this should be community-wiki'ed it is okay. The only reason I did not do it was "There is a clear objective way to answer this question".

  Read the article

• What exactly does SCM stand for?

  - by mike g

  In the software world, it seems to me that SCM is an unfortunately overloaded acronym. It can mean:- Source Code Management Software Configuration Management Which one of these is the dominant term? Do they mean the same thing? To me Source Code Management is essentially synonymous with Version Control. Whereas Software Configuration Management is a larger subject, which potentially includes Build and Release Management as well. However looking on Wikipedia, it lists Subversion as a Software Configuration Management tool, which is at most only tangentially true. Build and Software Management has come up before, but nothing definitive has been said on the matter, unfortunately.

  Read the article

• In what language was MSDOS originally written in?

  - by nebukadnezzar

  In what language was MSDOS originally written in? The Wikipedia Article implies either C, QBasic or Pascal, but: * C was invented to write UNIX, so I don't believe it was used to write MSDOS * Pascal seems popular to teach programming, but not really popular to write Operating systems in * QBasic didn't seem to be very popular for Operating Systems at the time MSDOS was developed (or was *BASIC ever very popular to write Operating Systems in it?) Except these three languages there is also Assembly, but I assume that Microsoft already switched from Assembly to a "higher" level language? Since C was originally invented for UNIX, I still wouldn't think Microsoft is using C... although the Microsoft API is written in C (I find this kind-of oxymoronic, actually). Can anyone enlighten me on this topic?

  Read the article

< Previous Page | 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43  | Next Page >