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• Is there a filesystem that is "friendly" to both windows and Linux?

  - by Somebody still uses you MS-DOS

  I'm planning to install Ubuntu 10.04 with Windows 7. (I'm new to Linux, have to use at work so I'm planning to install it at home to learn more) I plan to use a partition to my Windows system files (C:), a partition for my personal files that already exists (D:) and a new partition for Linux. What I want is to have a partition for my personal files that works across these systems - so, if I start with Windows or Linux, there's the same "Videos", "Pictures", "Projects" folders. Is it possible? Is there a hd filesystem capable of having writes from both systems without too much risk of corrupting or something?

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• Installing grub2 on ubutntu with software raid mirroring

  - by Marko

  Hi guys, Can someone help me out on this? I accidentally installed grub on usb flash drive during ubuntu server installation. Now I cant boot system without drive attached to server. I want to install grub on hard drive with grub-install but i don't know what to set as location for boot loader? my fstab looks like this: file system mount point type options dump pass proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg1 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 /dev/mapper/pdc_jdbeghhjg5 none swap sw 0 0 and partition tables for hard drives as this: Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 2048 1215662079 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sda2 1215664126 1249998847 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sda5 1215664128 1249998847 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 75672 607830016 83 Linux /dev/sdb2 75672 77809 17167361 5 Extended /dev/sdb5 75672 77809 17167360 82 Linux swap / Solaris ?

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• What is the `shadow` group used for?

  - by Shtééf

  On my Ubuntu 9.10 system, there's a shadow system group. There does not appear to be any user assigned to this group at all. The only files that I can find belonging to this group are /etc/shadow and /etc/gshadow. I'm aware that the purpose of these files is to store the passwords separately, out of reach from regular users who still might want to access passwd for other reasons. But what is the purpose of the shadow group? The reason I'm curious about this, is because I'm thinking about configuring nsswitch.conf to store it elsewhere, and would like to know if anything is actually trying to access the shadow database using shadow group credentials.

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• How to remove a directory which looks corrupted

  - by hap497

  Hi, I am using ubuntu 9.10. And I only directory, it shows as '?' for user/ownership. How can I remove it? -rw-r--r-- 1 hap497 hap497 1822 2010-01-28 22:48 IntSizeHash.h d????????? ? ? ? ? ? .libs/ -rw-r--r-- 1 hap497 hap497 194 2010-02-25 12:12 libwebkit_1_0_la-BitmapImage.lo I have tried "$ sudo rm -Rf .libs rm: cannot remove `.libs': Input/output error" Thank you for any pointers.

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• "bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off” error when running shellcode"

  - by Nosrettap

  I'm writing shellcode to exploit a buffer overflow vulnerability on a server. To do so I have port binding shellcode that I send to the server and then I run (from a linux terminal) the command telnet serverAdress 4444 where 4444 is the port which I have opened up. The hope is that I will receive a shell back that I can use to execute commands. However, I always end up with the command bin/sh: can't access tty; job control turned off I can't change any of the server code, and I believe the shellcode is correct because I got it from this website (http://www.tsirogiannis.com/exploits-vulnerabilities-videos-papers-shellcode/linuxx86-port-binding-shellcode-xor-encoded-152-bytes/). From my research, it appears that this may have to do with the mode that my terminal is running in (something called interactive mode...or something like that). All computers involved are linux machines and the machine that I am on is running the latest version of Ubuntu. Any ideas what this job control error means and how I can fix it?

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• Cannot login to server after file permissions change

  - by John

  I am using Ubuntu server. I ran: chmod -R 700 / when I was logged in as root. Now when I try to login as my normal user I immediately get kicked out. Is there anyway to log back in to the server whether it is root or whoever so that I can change the permissions? or am I totally screwed? I dont think I have root access enabled in the /etc/ssh/sshd_config file. I do have physical access to the server. I really need some help here.

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• DNS for route between WAN & LAN

  - by David Maitland

  I have a few machines set up on my internal 192.168.1.* network and i have one public ip, my router is links all ports to on internal linux machine on my network 192.168.1.3. I want to know how to configure the DNS server on my linux box to forward to internal LAN ip's depending on the host name. EG. computer4.83.22.56.12 would find my box then forward to 192.168.1.4 on the local network. This is so i can run multiple web server under one ip. btw, i use Ubuntu. Thanks Dave

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• Passenger/Rails not releasing memory

  - by michaeldelorenzo

  I have an Ubuntu server running three separate Rails (2.3.8) applications with Passenger, REE and Apache. Recently we started experiencing problems with ruby processes eating up memory and consuming entire cores on our server. Here's what we're getting... %CPU PID USER COMMAND 99.9 1717 nobody Rails: /var/www/api 99.6 5542 nobody Rails: /var/www/api 97.3 1223 nobody Rails: /var/www/api 4.7 5537 nobody Passenger ApplicationSpawner: /var/www/api 10.5 1801 nobody Rails: /var/www/api We've also seen instances where there have been over 100 instances of Apache running. These applications have been running for a few months without an of these issues, but in the last day or so we've been noticing this. The site referenced here is a Rails application that is a RESTful API so it serves many requests every minute. Any guidance on what we should be checking or looking out for would be appreciated.

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• init.d service died

  - by jerluc

  Adapting some code from a linux forum, I've added a service script to /etc/init.d on my ubuntu natty server to start/stop/restart node.js It literally was working the first day I made it, but then today, after viewing my website this morning, the server threw a 404, and upon further inspection, the node.js process was gone. So I went to start the service again, only this time, node.js didn't start at all, and ever since I haven't been able to get my service script working. Below is the entire script: #!/bin/sh # # Node Server Startup # case "$1" in start) echo -n "Starting node: " daemon node /usr/local/www/server.js echo touch /var/lock/subsys/node ;; stop) echo -n "Shutting down node: " killall node echo rm -f /var/lock/subsys/node rm -f /var/run/node.pid ;; status) status node ;; restart) $0 stop $0 start ;; reload) echo -n "Reloading node: " killall node -HUP echo ;; *) echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload|status}" exit 1 esac exit 0 Thanks for any help!

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• Is there any bad thing happens if I change /etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif manually?

  - by HVNSweeting

  Since 2.3, OpenLDAP uses a configuration engine called slapd-config. They said that use it make all LDAP configuration can be changed on fly. This is the header of /etc/ldap/slapd.d/cn=config.ldif: # AUTO-GENERATED FILE - DO NOT EDIT!! Use ldapmodify. I've changed data in it and some other files which have that header, after restarting slapd, my changes took effects. Is there anything else happen if I change those files manually? If I don't need 'change on fly', should I edit those file manually instead of using ldapmodify? Which application generated those files, and when? NOTE: I'm using openldap-2.4.28 on Ubuntu 12.04

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• bursty streaming video

  - by broiyan

  What is the cause and solution for the bursty streaming media problem? Example: when streaming from youtube, audio (and video) will pause and start intermittently. When it starts it will be bursty, that is, it will play several seconds of sound in just a fraction of a second. Normal sounds are rendered unrecognizable. Then it may pause and after a few seconds, resume with another burst. The video seems to burst along with the audio. This was observed on Ubuntu 12.04 with Google Chrome.

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• Cannot find grldr in all devices

  - by blockhead

  I'm running wubi on XP machine. Started out originally with 8.04, and gradually upgraded to 10.04. Recently, I was creating linux bootable USB drive, and put it in my system to see if it would work. After booting the LiveOS, and rebooting my machine, I know get the error Cannot find grldr in all devices when booting Ubuntu. I don't know what grldr is, but I assume it is the GRUB Loader. Did booting the LiveOS screw with my MBR perhaps? How can I fix this, and if not, is it possible to reinstall wubi, without losing anything of what I have now?

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• Linux freezes every few seconds

  - by Zeppomedio

  We're having an issue where one our Linux boxes (Ubuntu 10.04 LTS, running on EC2 with a quadruple-large size, 68GB of RAM and 8 virtual cores with 3.25GHz each) freezes up every few seconds. Typing in an ssh session will freeze, and running strace on one of the Postgresql processes that's running usually shows: 02:37:41.567990 semop(7831581, {{3, -1, 0}}, 1 for a few seconds before it proceeds (it always gets stuck at that semop). OProfile shows that most of the time is spent in the kernel (60%) versus 37% in Postgresql. The result of these halts (which began suddenly a day ago) is that load on the box has gone from 0.7 to 10+, and causes our entire stack to slow done. Any ideas on how to track down what's going on? iostat doesn't show the disks being particularly slow or overloaded, and top shows user cpu % spike from 8% to about 40% whenever these back-ups happen.

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• Deciding to use VM or native install for new hardware

  - by Billy Moon

  I have a Ubuntu 10.10 installation running on hardware. I upgraded the hardware, and am planning to move the system over. Whilst reading the many various ways to do this, I came across tools for making a virtual machine out of a hardware installation. I think this might make managing my server easier in the future if I run it as a virtual machine. Also, I will be able to easily split responsibilities of my server, for example running MySQL on a separate virtual machine hosted on the same physical machine. Is it a good idea to install my production server as a virtual machine inside another thin server installation? What are the pros/cons and pitfalls?

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• Tool to track bandwidth by domain name?

  - by Grant Limberg

  I'm running an Ubuntu 10.04 server that hosts several domain names. All domains point to the same IP address and use the same network interface. I'm really only concerned with the main domain name such as my-domain1.com and my-domain2.com. It should include subdomains such as www.my-domain1.com with the totals for my-domain1.com. Is there a tool out there that is configurable to track bandwidth usage on a per-domain name basis? Edit: I'm not looking for only web usage. I'm looking for all traffic.

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• Syncronize Linux /etc/ directory

  - by entend

  I have virtual machine with Linux (Ubuntu server) which is used as prototype for other machines. Sometimes I make changes in prototype system and want to import this changes at some other machine. I know about Puppet, cfengine and FAI but want something easy for example rsync script which will work through ssh when it needed. Main goal is /etc/ directory. But I don't want to syncronize some private files for example /etc/passwd /etc/shadow and so on. I don't know all of it. Are there tips for my task ? May be someone have such rsync script.

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• output redirection not happening completely

  - by Gaurav

  I am running the following command on ubuntu 12.04 bash shell: hping3 -S -p 80 -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt But the problem is that this leaves some lines in the end and doesn't copy in the file. I even tried hping3 -S -p 80 -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt 2>&1 It also gives same problem. However this works perfect: ping -c 30 www.google.com >> outputfile.txt Any idea about what I might be missing?

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• How to keep programs from source up to date?

  - by wizard

  I'm designing a new server setup for hosting multiple websites. (Shared hosting for my clients over at SliceHost.) I've recently moved away from the traditional LAMP setup and chosen Ubuntu, Nginx, php-fpm and mysql. I like it a lot better then my old Apache, suphp, mysql setup. It works great, provided encapsulation between sites and uses substantiallly less memory. However I have one major maintenance problem. In order to have a recent version of Nginx and in order to use php-fpm I've had to compile these programs from source. The reason I see this as a problem is that keeping track of updates, and build configurations will end up being a lot of work. For two programs (and a patch) I can handle it, but it seems like this setup would not scale with many packages and servers. Are there good ways to manage this situation? I'm sure people do this all the time.

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• Install Mozilla Thunderbird on NAS [on hold]

  - by user2295350

  I have a small office with 3 computers running Linux Ubuntu. All the data are stored in a NAS drive (WD MyBook Live). I would like to - somehow - be able to access the email archives as well from each of these computers. For now, I don't really care if it would be possible for each user to access the email archives simultaneously (although that would be ideal). I have read about Portable Thunderbird over Wine as well as installing IMAP on the NAS drive. However, not only I haven't found a complete guide on how to do that but I am also not sure whether either of these solutions would work for me anyway.

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• Synergy configuration with multiple X screens

  - by Rob Drimmie

  I'm having a problem figuring out how to configure synergy to behave on a system with multiple X windows. On my desktop I am running Ubuntu 10.04 LTS. I have two monitors, setup as separate X screens by preference as well as to enable me to rotate the left-hand monitor. I also have a laptop, which I have on the desk in front of me, lower than the other two monitors. I have a very simple synergy.conf: section: screens desktop: laptop.local: end section: links desktop: down = laptop laptop: up = desktop end It works, but on the desktop only on whichever screen I run synergys from in terminal (I haven't set it up to run at startup yet because I've been playing with the configuration). I can't find any information how to reference multiple screens on one system, and would appreciate any help.

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• Best way to restrict FTP access to a single directory?

  - by John Debs

  I have a VPS running Ubuntu 10.04, and I'd like to give someone SFTP access to a single directory, but prevent them from seeing anything else on the system. What's the best way to pull this off? I considered removing "everyone" permissions from everything on the system, but that seems like a really blunt tool for this problem (and one that'll cause other issues) - I'm hoping there's a better option here. Edit: I appreciate the answers! (And I learned a bunch reading/researching through them). I ended up finding and using this guide from Linode as it spelled all the steps: http://library.linode.com/security/sftp-jails/

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• Routing / binding 128 to one server

  - by Andrew

  I have a Ubuntu server with 128 ip's (static external ips 86.xx.xx.16), and I want to crawl pages thru different ip's. The gateway is xx.xxx.xxx.1, the main ip is xx.xxx.xxx.16, and the other 128 ip's are xx.xxx.xxx.129/255. I tried this configuration in /etc/network/interfaces but I doesn't work. It work if I remove the gateway for the aliases eth0:0 and eth0:1. I think this is routing problem. auto lo iface lo inet loopback auto eth0 auto eth0:0 auto eth0:1 iface eth0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.16 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:0 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.129 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 iface eth0:1 inet static address xx.xxx.xxx.130 netmask 255.255.255.128 gateway xx.xxx.xxx.1 Also, please tell me how to "reset" every changes that I made in networking and routing. Thank you

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• connecting hostname to server

  - by Michael Ropy

  I have an ubuntu server installed on my server with virtualmin webmin. everything is good the server itself....I can connect to localhost and the virtualmin manager (http://localhost:10000). the problem is, I can't connect to it from a client computer. For example when I enter the IP address of the server, its shows me 403 forbidden error (sometimes its shows the homepage right)...but the virtualmin manager could not open... if my website is example.com with this ip: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx, i can't connect to example.com:10000 or xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:10000 what should I do?

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• How to limit server to specific IP addresses with mod_authz_host?

  - by BeeDog

  Hi! I am very new to this area, so please bear with me. :) Right now I am running an Apache HTTP server on my setup, a very basic configuration. The website hosted on it is accessible from anywhere, and I want to limit the access to a specific IP address range. I've looked into this and I found that one Apache module called mod_authz_host handles this. http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/mod_authz_host.html The problem is, I haven't managed to find documentation that explains well how to actually do the stuff. How do I actually make sure only a certain range of IP addresses can access my site/server? The machine is running Ubuntu Server 10.10, the web files are stored in /var/www/, the apache2 daemon has its stuff stored in /etc/apache2/ and /usr/lib/apache2/modules/*. Thanks in advance, and sorry if this is a stupid question!

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• How to maintain VPS server?

  - by clorz

  Assuming I have no experience in running them, what would be called a good maintenance routine for a VPS server running mail server and LAMP with a couple of sites. I've got one for quite a while now, but was doing what I feel is right without any guidance. It's ubuntu server and the only thing I do is ssh in there once a month and apt-get update, apt-get upgrade. Last year it suggested to update the distro, which I did. Waded through a bunch of diffs, broke mail server in the process and fixed it later on. So it turned out fine. Was this a right thing to do or should I stick with the old version just updating the packages? Is there a difference in the routine if it will be Fedora?

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