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• 3DS Max exporting too many vertexes for model

  - by Juan Pablo

  I have a sample model of a cube and a buddha downloaded from internet in 3ds format which I can load correctly into my program and view them without problem, but wanted to try and create my own model. I created a simple box mesh in 3ds max, and exported it as .3ds (Converted to mesh - export as .3ds) When inspecting the .3ds file with a hex viewer, I was expecting to see 8 vertexes and 12 faces declared (as the model I downloaded from internet). But what i found was that it listed 26 vertexes, and 12 faces! And when I try to load that file with my .3ds viewer, my parser isn't detecting the face block (0x4120), which is strange because it worked for other objects downloaded from internet. Do I have to set any special property in order to export a 3ds file with minimum vertexes and a vertex-index list?

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• How to attach a sprite to a TMXTiledMap at a particular coordinate, in AndEngine?

  - by shailenTJ

  I am trying to add a sprite at a "grid" location on the tiled map. The TMX tiled Map is like a grid, and you can access the size of the grid by calling mTMXtiledMap.getTileRows() and mTMXtiledMap.getTileColumns(). I want to add an object at grid location, say (2, 5). My tileMap is of size (10,10). How can I do that? There is no function like mTMXTiledMap.addChild(int x, int y, Entity mEntity). I would appreciate any suggestions!

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• How can I find a position between 4 vertices in a fragment shader?

  - by c4sh

  I'm creating a shader with SharpDX (DirectX11 in C#) that takes a segment (2 points) from the output of a Vertex Shader and then passes them to a Geometry Shader, which converts this line into a rectangle (4 points) and assigns the four corners a texture coordinate. After that I want a Fragment Shader (which recieves the interpolated position and the interpolated texture coordinates) that checks the depth at the "spine of the rectangle" (that is, in the line that passes through the middle of the rectangle. The problem is I don't know how to extract the position of the corresponding fragment at the spine of the rectangle. This happens because I have the texture coordinates interpolated, but I don't know how to use them to get the fragment I want, because the coordinate system of a) the texture and b) the position of my fragment in screen space are not the same. Thanks a lot for any help.

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• Cocos2dx- Draw primitives(polygons) on Update

  - by Haider

  In my game I'm trying to draw polygons on on each step i.e. update method. I call draw() method to draw new polygon with dynamic vertices. Following is my code: void HelloWorld::draw(){glLineWidth(1);CCPoint filledVertices[] = {ccp(drawX1,drawY1),ccp(drawX2,drawY2), ccp(drawX3,drawY3), ccp(drawX4,drawY4)};ccDrawSolidPoly( filledVertices, 4, ccc4f(0.5f, 0.5f, 1, 1 ));} I call the draw() method from the update(float dt) method. The engine is behaving inconsistently i.e. sometimes it displays the polygons and on other occasions it does not. Is it the right approach to do such a task? If not what is the best way to display large number of primitives?

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• How can I move a polygon edge 1 unit away from the center?

  - by Stephen

  Let's say I have a polygon class that is represented by a list of vector classes as vertices, like so: var Vector = function(x, y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; }, Polygon = function(vectors) { this.vertices = vectors; }; Now I make a polygon (in this case, a square) like so: var poly = new Polygon([ new Vector(2, 2), new Vector(5, 2), new Vector(5, 5), new Vector(2, 5) ]); So, the top edge would be [poly.vertices[0], poly.vertices[1]]. I need to stretch this polygon by moving each edge away from the center of the polygon by one unit, along that edge's normal. The following example shows the first edge, the top, moved one unit up: The final polygon should look like this new one: var finalPoly = new Polygon([ new Vector(1, 1), new Vector(6, 1), new Vector(6, 6), new Vector(1, 6) ]); It is important that I iterate, moving one edge at a time, because I will be doing some collision tests after moving each edge. Here is what I tried so far (simplified for clarity), which fails triumphantly: for(var i = 0; i < vertices.length; i++) { var a = vertices[i], b = vertices[i + 1] || vertices[0]; // in case of final vertex var ax = a.x, ay = a.y, bx = b.x, by = b.y; // get some new perpendicular vectors var a2 = new Vector(-ay, ax), b2 = new Vector(-by, bx); // make into unit vectors a2.convertToUnitVector(); b2.convertToUnitVector(); // add the new vectors to the original ones a.add(a2); b.add(b2); // the rest of the code, collision tests, etc. } This makes my polygon start slowly rotating and sliding to the left, instead of what I need. Finally, the example shows a square, but the polygons in question could be anything. They will always be convex, and always with vertices in clockwise order.

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• How to Export Flash Animation Data

  - by charliep

  I'd love for my partner, the artist, to be able to animate using flash movieclips and timelines. Then I, the programmer, would like to read the raw Flash info and re-program it into my engine of choice (which happens to be Torque2D). The data I'd want is the bitmap images that were used in Flash, like the head and body the links between the images, like where the head connects to the body the motion data from the flash animation, like move, rotate (at what speed), shear, etc. for the head or arms or whatever. Is there any way to get this data? Here's what I know so far. There are tools like SWFSheet and Spriteloq that convert the entire flash animation into a frame by frame sprite animation (in a sprite sheet). This would take too much space in my case, so I'd like to avoid that. Re-animating on the fly would take much less texture memory. There is a PDF that describes the SWF file format but NOT the individual components like the movieclips. So anyone know of a library I can use, or how I can learn more about the movieclip components and whatnot? (more better tags: transform, export, convert)

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• 2D non-tile based map editor

  - by Jonesy

  I am currently developing a relatively simple 2D, topdown oriented adventure game for the iPhone and was wondering what would be the easiest way to create the maps for my game. I figured I would need some kind of visual editor that would give me immediate feedback and would allow me to place all objects in the world exactly where I want them. I could then load the saved representation of the world I create in the editor in my game. So, I am looking for a simple map editor that allows me to do this. All the objects in my game are simply textured rectangles build up from two triangles. All I need to be able to do is position different rectangles/objects in the map, and give them a texture. I am using texture atlases, so it would be useful to be able to assign portions of textures to the objects. I then need to be able to extract all the objects from the saved representation of my maps, together with the name/identifier of the texture(atlas) they use, and the area of the texture atlas. I have looked at some tile-based map editors like Tiled and Ogmo, but they don't seem to be able to do what I want. Any suggestions? EDIT: a more concrete example: something like the GameMaker level editor, but then with added export functionality in a handy format.

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• How to properly render a Frame Buffer to the BackBuffer in Stage3D / AGAL

  - by bigp

  After doing a render pass with RenderToTarget (RTT), how do you properly render that texture buffer to the screen while maintaining original scale / proportions so it doesn't stretch or lose quality? Can an AGAL VertexShader & FragmentShader be written so it's adaptable to any Texture size and Viewport dimensions? I find I'm getting some "blocky" effects in some of my first attempts at "ping-ponging" between two Texture buffers (to create trailing effects). Perhaps I'm not using the UVs correctly between the rendering-to-target and/or the backbuffer? Is there a simpler way just to "splash" the texture on the backbuffer, or is a Quad absolutely necessary (4 vertices, 2 triangles)? If it needs the Quad, should the Texture buffer be fully drawn (0.0 to 1.0 for vertical and horizontal UVs), or only a percentage of it should, like the example below? Texture Buffer U: 0.0 to viewport.width/texturebuffer.width; Texture Buffer V: 0.0 to viewport.height/texturebuffer.height; Thanks!

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• How can I draw an arrow at the edge of the screen pointing to an object that is off screen?

  - by Adam Henderson

  I am wishing to do what is described in this topic: http://www.allegro.cc/forums/print-thread/283220 I have attempted a variety of the methods mentioned here. First I tried to use the method described by Carrus85: Just take the ratio of the two triangle hypontenuses (doesn't matter which triagle you use for the other, I suggest point 1 and point 2 as the distance you calculate). This will give you the aspect ratio percentage of the triangle in the corner from the larger triangle. Then you simply multiply deltax by that value to get the x-coordinate offset, and deltay by that value to get the y-coordinate offset. But I could not find a way to calculate how far the object is away from the edge of the screen. I then tried using ray casting (which I have never done before) suggested by 23yrold3yrold: Fire a ray from the center of the screen to the offscreen object. Calculate where on the rectangle the ray intersects. There's your coordinates. I first calculated the hypotenuse of the triangle formed by the difference in x and y positions of the two points. I used this to create a unit vector along that line. I looped through that vector until either the x coordinate or the y coordinate was off the screen. The two current x and y values then form the x and y of the arrow. Here is the code for my ray casting method (written in C++ and Allegro 5) void renderArrows(Object* i) { float x1 = i->getX() + (i->getWidth() / 2); float y1 = i->getY() + (i->getHeight() / 2); float x2 = screenCentreX; float y2 = ScreenCentreY; float dx = x2 - x1; float dy = y2 - y1; float hypotSquared = (dx * dx) + (dy * dy); float hypot = sqrt(hypotSquared); float unitX = dx / hypot; float unitY = dy / hypot; float rayX = x2 - view->getViewportX(); float rayY = y2 - view->getViewportY(); float arrowX = 0; float arrowY = 0; bool posFound = false; while(posFound == false) { rayX += unitX; rayY += unitY; if(rayX <= 0 || rayX >= screenWidth || rayY <= 0 || rayY >= screenHeight) { arrowX = rayX; arrowY = rayY; posFound = true; } } al_draw_bitmap(sprite, arrowX - spriteWidth, arrowY - spriteHeight, 0); } This was relatively successful. Arrows are displayed in the bottom right section of the screen when objects are located above and left of the screen as if the locations of the where the arrows are drawn have been rotated 180 degrees around the center of the screen. I assumed this was due to the fact that when I was calculating the hypotenuse of the triangle, it would always be positive regardless of whether or not the difference in x or difference in y is negative. Thinking about it, ray casting does not seem like a good way of solving the problem (due to the fact that it involves using sqrt() and a large for loop). Any help finding a suitable solution would be greatly appreciated, Thanks Adam

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• Allocating Entities within an Entity System

  - by miguel.martin

  I'm quite unsure how I should allocate/resemble my entities within my entity system. I have various options, but most of them seem to have cons associated with them. In all cases entities are resembled by an ID (integer), and possibly has a wrapper class associated with it. This wrapper class has methods to add/remove components to/from the entity. Before I mention the options, here is the basic structure of my entity system: Entity An object that describes an object within the game Component Used to store data for the entity System Contains entities with specific components Used to update entities with specific components World Contains entities and systems for the entity system Can create/destroy entites and have systems added/removed from/to it Here are my options, that I have thought of: Option 1: Do not store the Entity wrapper classes, and just store the next ID/deleted IDs. In other words, entities will be returned by value, like so: Entity entity = world.createEntity(); This is much like entityx, except I see some flaws in this design. Cons There can be duplicate entity wrapper classes (as the copy-ctor has to be implemented, and systems need to contain entities) If an Entity is destroyed, the duplicate entity wrapper classes will not have an updated value Option 2: Store the entity wrapper classes within an object pool. i.e. Entities will be return by pointer/reference, like so: Entity& e = world.createEntity(); Cons If there is duplicate entities, then when an entity is destroyed, the same entity object may be re-used to allocate another entity. Option 3: Use raw IDs, and forget about the wrapper entity classes. The downfall to this, I think, is the syntax that will be required for it. I'm thinking about doing thisas it seems the most simple & easy to implement it. I'm quite unsure about it, because of the syntax. i.e. To add a component with this design, it would look like: Entity e = world.createEntity(); world.addComponent<Position>(e, 0, 3); As apposed to this: Entity e = world.createEntity(); e.addComponent<Position>(0, 3); Cons Syntax Duplicate IDs

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• Packing jar files into library jar files

  - by Hillel

  Firstly, this question is not about packing a simple jar file (e.g. lwjgl) into a runnable jar file. I know how to do this using JarSplice. So if I have a game which uses JInput, I will pack my game jar and jinput.jar using JarSplice and enter the natives in the process. The problem arises when I want to create a custom library that uses JInput, and then pack that into my games. See, the whole idea of writing a game library is that I don't ever have to even copy code like the wrapper I wrote for JInput Controller, and I always have a definitive version inside a library jar. Basically what I wanna do is create a jar file of my library, pack jinput.jar into it using JarSplice, possibly with the natives as well, and then when I want to export a jar of my game, I either export it automatically through Eclipse with the library jar, or, if that doesn't work, use JarSplice. I've tried several solutions, and nothing works. When I try to pack the game jar and the library jar using JarSplice, I get an error saying that there's either duplicate .project or .classpath. When I try to export my game through Eclipse with the library jar, it won't run (which is to be expected), but then, if I try to attach the natives with JarSplice, it doesn't give me any errors but the jar doesn't run. I'm not expecting anyone to solve this, but if anyone has an idea, something that will allow me to never look at the Gamepad code ever again, that would be awesome. I don't care if I have to package my library jar using JarSplice 5 times, and then do the same with the game jar, as long as it works. Otherwise I'll just have to copy the Gamepad class into every project alongside the library jar. :(

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• Finding the contact point with SAT

  - by Kai

  The Separating Axis Theorem (SAT) makes it simple to determine the Minimum Translation Vector, i.e., the shortest vector that can separate two colliding objects. However, what I need is the vector that separates the objects along the vector that the penetrating object is moving (i.e. the contact point). I drew a picture to help clarify. There is one box, moving from the before to the after position. In its after position, it intersects the grey polygon. SAT can easily return the MTV, which is the red vector. I am looking to calculate the blue vector. My current solution performs a binary search between the before and after positions until the length of the blue vector is known to a certain threshold. It works but it's a very expensive calculation since the collision between shapes needs to be recalculated every loop. Is there a simpler and/or more efficient way to find the contact point vector?

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• Implementing camera for 2d side scroller game ?

  - by Mr.Gando

  Hello, I'm implementing a 2D side scroller for iOS (using C/C++ with OpenGL) (beat'em up style like double dragon/final fight ). My scenes are composed of one cyclical background image ( the end of the image connects perfectly with the beginning ). This is to produce a cyclical scroll effect. I was wondering how could I implement a camera that follows my player movement ? ( Resources / Links are greatly appreciated with explanations :) )

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• Programmer friendly non-voxel art styles?

  - by Overv

  Like many other programmers I've always wanted to make a game, but simply lack the skills to do any production quality graphics. I am however sure that I want to do the models and textures myself, because I need a lot of different objects and I am sure I wouldn't be able to find good matching models on 3D sites. That means I'll have to pick an art style that is "simple", programmer friendly. An extreme example of this is of course Minecraft, but I don't want to go that basic. I'm absolutely against creating a voxel game. What kind of art styles are out there that are relatively simple, i.e. things made out of basic shapes and textures, but are still good enough to form a believable and detailed world? An example of what I mean is wind waker. The objects are formed of relatively simples shapes, but still provide enough detail to create a nice, living world. The environment my game is set in is a city environment. What I'm really asking for here are good examples of "simple" art styles applied in practice, so I can choose one that fits my skills.

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• Understanding normal maps on terrain

  - by JohnB

  I'm having trouble understanding some of the math behind normal map textures even though I've got it to work using borrowed code, I want to understand it. I have a terrain based on a heightmap. I'm generating a mesh of triangles at load time and rendering that mesh. Now for each vertex I need to calculate a normal, a tangent, and a bitangent. My understanding is as follows, have I got this right? normal is a unit vector facing outwards from the surface of the triangle. For a vertex I take the average of the normals of the triangles using that vertex. tangent is a unit vector in the direction of the 'u' coordinates of the texture map. As my texture u,v coordinates follow the x and y coordinates of the terrain, then my understanding is that this vector is simply the vector along the surface in the x direction. So should be able to calculate this as simply the difference between vertices in the x direction to get a vector, (and normalize it). bitangent is a unit vector in the direction of the 'v' coordinates of the texture map. As my texture u,v coordinates follow the x and y coordinates of the terrain, then my understanding is that this vector is simply the vector along the surface in the y direction. So should be able to calculate this as simply the difference between vertices in the y direction to get a vector, (and normalize it). However the code I have borrowed seems much more complicated than this and takes into account the actual values of u, and v at each vertex which I don't understand the need for as they increase in exactly the same direction as x, and y. I implemented what I thought from above, and it simply doesn't work, the normals are clearly not working for lighting. Have I misunderstood something? Or can someone explain to me the physical meaning of the tangent and bitangent vectors when applied to a mesh generated from a hightmap like this, when u and v texture coordinates map along the x and y directions. Thanks for any help understanding this.

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• Simple heart container script for 2D game (Unity)?

  - by N1ghtshade3

  I'm attempting to create a simple mobile game (C#) that involves a simple three-heart life system. After searching for hours online, many of the solutions use OnGUI (which is apparently horrible for performance) and the rest are too complicated for me to understand and add to my code. The other solutions involve using a single texture and just hiding part of it when damage is taken. In my game, however, the player should be able to go over three hearts (for example, every 100 points). Sebastian Lague's Zelda-Style Health is what I'm looking for, but even though it's a tutorial there is way too much going on that I don't need or can't customize to fit in mine. What I have so far is a script called HealthScript.cs which contains a variable lives. I have another script, PlayerPhysics.cs which calls HealthScript and subtracts a life when an enemy is hit. The part I don't get is actually drawing the hearts. I think I understand what needs to happen, I just am not experienced enough with Unity to know how. The Start function should draw three (or whatever lives is set to) hearts in the top right corner. Since the game should be resolution-independent to accommodate the various sizes of Android devices, I'd rather use scaling rather than PixelInset. When the player hits an enemy as detected by PlayerPhysics.cs, it should subtract from lives. I think that I have this working using this.GetComponent<HealthScript>().lives -= 1 but I'm not sure if it actually works. This should trigger a redraw of the hearts so that there are now two hearts. The same principle would apply for adding hearts when a score is reached, except when lives > maxHeartsPerRow, the new hearts should be drawn below the old ones. I realise I don't have much code to show but believe me; I've tried for quite some time to figure this out and have little to show for it. Any help at all would be welcome; it seems like it shouldn't take that much code to put an image on the screen for each life there is, but I haven't found anything yet. Thanks!

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• Slick2D, Nifty GUI listeners problem

  - by Patokun

  I'm trying to get Nifty GUI to work with Slick2D. So far everything is going great, except that I can't seem to figure out how to properly interact with the GUI. I'm trying the example in the nifty manual http://sourceforge.n....0.pdf/download but it doesn't seem to entirely work. The Element controller is being called for bind(...), init(...) and onStartScreen() as it should, as I can see their println output, but the next() method isn't being called when I click on the GUI element that I assigned the controller to, nor the screen controller as no output from println is shown. What's weird is, that the player is moving, so the mouse input is working. It's supposed to be called when I click the mouse button on it from the in the XML. Here is my code: My Element controller: public class ElementController implements Controller { private Element element; @Override public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen, Element element, Properties parameter, Attributes controlDefinitionAttributes) { this.element = element; System.out.println("bind() called for element: " + element); } @Override public void init(Properties parameter, Attributes controlDefinitionAttributes) { System.out.println("init() called for element: " + element); } @Override public void onStartScreen() { System.out.println("onStartScreen() alled for element: " + element); } @Override public void onFocus(boolean getFocus) { System.out.println("onFocus() called for element: " + element + ", with: " + getFocus); } @Override public boolean inputEvent(NiftyInputEvent inputEvent) { return false; } public void next() { System.out.println("next() clicked for element: " + element); } } MyScreenController: class MyScreenController implements ScreenController { public void bind(Nifty nifty, Screen screen) {} public void onEndScreen() {} public void onStartScreen() {} public void next() { System.out.println("next() called from MyScreenController"); } } And my XML file: <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <nifty xmlns="http://nifty-gui.sourceforge.net/nifty-1.3.xsd" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xsi:schemaLocation="http://niftygui.sourceforge.net/nifty-1.3.xsd http://nifty-gui.sourceforge.net/nifty-1.3.xsd"> <screen id="start" controller="predaN00b.theThing.V0004.MyScreenController"> <layer childLayout="center" controller="predaN00b.theThing.V0004.ElementController"> <panel width="100px" height="100px" childLayout="vertical" backgroundColor="#ff0f"> <text font="aurulent-sans-16.fnt" color="#ffff" text="Hello World!"> <interact onClick="next()" /> </text> </panel> </layer> </screen> </nifty> My main class, in case it's needed: public class MainGameState extends BasicGame { public Nifty nifty; public MainGame() { super("Test"); } public void init(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game) throws SlickException { nifty = new Nifty(new SlickRenderDevice(container), new NullSoundDevice(), new PlainSlickInputSystem(), new AccurateTimeProvider()); nifty.addXml("/xml/MainState.xml"); nifty.gotoScreen("start"); } public void update(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, int delta) throws SlickException { nifty.update(); } public void render(GameContainer container, StateBasedGame game, Graphics graphics) throws SlickException { nifty.render(false); } public static void main(String[] args) throws SlickException { AppGameContainer app = new AppGameContainer(new MainGame()); app.setAlwaysRender(true); app.setDisplayMode( 1260 , 720, false); //window size app.start(); } }

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• Rotate sprite to face 3D camera

  - by omikun

  I am trying to rotate a sprite so it is always facing a 3D camera. shaders->setUniform("camera", gCamera.matrix()); glm::mat4 scale = glm::scale(glm::mat4(), glm::vec3(5e5, 5e5, 5e5)); glm::vec3 look = gCamera.position(); glm::vec3 right = glm::cross(gCamera.up(), look); glm::vec3 up = glm::cross(look, right); glm::mat4 newTransform = glm::lookAt(glm::vec3(0), gCamera.position(), up) * scale; shaders->setUniform("model", newTransform); In the vertex shader: gl_Position = camera * model * vec4(vert, 1); The object will track the camera if I move the camera up or down, but if I rotate the camera around it, it will rotate in the other direction so I end up seeing its front twice and its back twice as I rotate around it 360. What am I doing wrong?

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• Changing Palette for Day/Light Mode using GIMP

  - by J.C.

  Hello, Suppose I've a picture, which want to achieve day/light mode by changing 8bpp color palette. If I want the pixel index of my picture is always fixed for both day mode and night mode. For example, the 1st pixel index is 100. Which I can look up index 100 in day mode palette and night mode palette. How can I use GIMP to do so? My goal is to not update my pixel index of my picture. Also, as you see in two palette, they are not one one mapping. That is index 1 of the day mode palette and index 1 of the night mode palette may not used in the same pixel of the picture, how can I tackle this problem? Actually, my use case is as follow I want to use one 8bpp picture to achieve day/night mode by update only the color palette (without updating the pixel index). The advantage is I only have to prepare 2 256 byte palette rather than saving 2 big pictures in my limited data ram. Thanks a lot

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• How do I detect multiple sprite collisions when there are >10 sprites?

  - by yao jiang

  I making a small program to animate the astar algorithm. If you look at the image, there are lots of yellow cars moving around. Those can collide at any moment, could be just one or all of them could just stupidly crash into each other. How do I detect all of those collisions? How do I find out which specific car has crash into which other car? I understand that pygame has collision function, but it only detects one collision at a time and I'd have to specify which sprites. Right now I am just trying to iterate through each sprite to see if there is collision: for car1 in carlist: for car2 in carlist: collide(car1, car2); This can't be the proper way to do it, if the car list goes to a huge number, a double loop will be too slow.

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• How are bullets simulated in video games?

  - by mahen23

  I have been playing games like MW2 recently and, as a programmer, I tend to ask myself how do they make the game so immersive. For example, how to they simulate bullet speed. When an NPC fires a bullet from his gun, does the bullet really travel from his gun to the given target or do they they completely ignore this part and just put a bullet hole on the target? If the bullet is really travelling from the gun to the target, at what speed is it actually travelling?

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• Car-like Physics - Basic Maths to Simulate Steering

  - by Reanimation

  As my program stands I have a cube which I can control using keyboard input. I can make it move left, right, up, down, back, fourth along the axis only. I can also rotate the cube either left or right; all the translations and rotations are implemented using glm. if (keys[VK_LEFT]) //move cube along xAxis negative { globalPos.x -= moveCube; keys[VK_RIGHT] = false; } if (keys[VK_RIGHT]) //move cube along xAxis positive { globalPos.x += moveCube; keys[VK_LEFT] = false; } if (keys[VK_UP]) //move cube along yAxis positive { globalPos.y += moveCube; keys[VK_DOWN] = false; } if (keys[VK_DOWN]) //move cube along yAxis negative { globalPos.y -= moveCube; keys[VK_UP] = false; } if (FORWARD) //W - move cube along zAxis positive { globalPos.z += moveCube; BACKWARD = false; } if (BACKWARD) //S- move cube along zAxis negative { globalPos.z -= moveCube; FORWARD = false; } if (ROT_LEFT) //rotate cube left { rotX +=0.01f; ROT_LEFT = false; } if (ROT_RIGHT) //rotate cube right { rotX -=0.01f; ROT_RIGHT = false; } I render the cube using this function which handles the shader and position on screen: void renderMovingCube(){ glUseProgram(myShader.handle()); GLuint matrixLoc4MovingCube = glGetUniformLocation(myShader.handle(), "ProjectionMatrix"); glUniformMatrix4fv(matrixLoc4MovingCube, 1, GL_FALSE, &ProjectionMatrix[0][0]); glm::mat4 viewMatrixMovingCube; viewMatrixMovingCube = glm::lookAt(camOrigin,camLookingAt,camNormalXYZ); ModelViewMatrix = glm::translate(viewMatrixMovingCube,globalPos); ModelViewMatrix = glm::rotate(ModelViewMatrix,rotX, glm::vec3(0,1,0)); //manually rotate glUniformMatrix4fv(glGetUniformLocation(myShader.handle(), "ModelViewMatrix"), 1, GL_FALSE, &ModelViewMatrix[0][0]); movingCube.render(); glUseProgram(0); } The glm::lookAt function always points to the screens centre (0,0,0). The globalPos is a glm::vec3 globalPos(0,0,0); so when the program executes, renders the cube in the centre of the screens viewing matrix; the keyboard inputs above adjust the globalPos of the moving cube. The glm::rotate is the function used to rotate manually. My question is, how can I make the cube go forwards depending on what direction the cube is facing.... ie, once I've rotated the cube a few degrees using glm, the forwards direction, relative to the cube, is no longer on the z-Axis... how can I store the forwards direction and then use that to navigate forwards no matter what way it is facing? (either using vectors that can be applied to my code or some handy maths). Thanks.

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• Small adventure game

  - by Nick Rosencrantz

  I'm making a small adventure game where the player can walk through Dungeons and meet scary characters: The whole thing is 20 java classes and I'm making this a standalone frame while it could very well be an applet I don't want to make another applet since I might want to recode this in C/C++ if the game or game engine turns out a success. The engine is the most interesting part of the game, it controls players and computer-controlled characters such as Zombies, Reptile Warriors, Trolls, Necromancers, and other Persons. These persons can sleep or walk around in the game and also pick up and move things. I didn't add many things so I suppose that is the next thing to do is to add things that can get used now that I already added many different types of walking persons. What do you think I should add and do with things in the game? The things I have so far is: package adventure; /** * The data type for things. Subclasses will be create that takes part of the story */ public class Thing { /** * The name of the Thing. */ public String name; /** * @param name The name of the Thing. */ Thing( String name ) { this.name = name; } } public class Scroll extends Thing { Scroll (String name) { super(name); } } class Key extends Thing { Key (String name) { super(name); } } The key is the way to win the game if you figure our that you should give it to a certain person and the scroll can protect you from necromancers and trolls. If I make this game more Dungeons and Dragons-inspired, do you think will be any good? Any other ideas that you think I could use here? The Threadwhich steps time forward and wakes up persons is called simulation. Do you think I could do something more advanced with this class? package adventure; class Simulation extends Thread { private PriorityQueue Eventqueue; Simulation() { Eventqueue = new PriorityQueue(); start(); } public void wakeMeAfter(Wakeable SleepingObject, double time) { Eventqueue.enqueue(SleepingObject, System.currentTimeMillis()+time); } public void run() { while(true) { try { sleep(5); //Sov i en halv sekund if (Eventqueue.getFirstTime() <= System.currentTimeMillis()) { ((Wakeable)Eventqueue.getFirst()).wakeup(); Eventqueue.dequeue(); } } catch (InterruptedException e ) { } } } } And here is the class that makes up the actual world: package adventure; import java.awt.*; import java.net.URL; /** * Subklass to World that builds up the Dungeon World. */ public class DungeonWorld extends World { /** * * @param a Reference to adventure game. * */ public DungeonWorld(Adventure a) { super ( a ); // Create all places createPlace( "Himlen" ); createPlace( "Stairs3" ); createPlace( "IPLab" ); createPlace( "Dungeon3" ); createPlace( "Stairs5" ); createPlace( "C2M2" ); createPlace( "SANS" ); createPlace( "Macsal" ); createPlace( "Stairs4" ); createPlace( "Dungeon2" ); createPlace( "Datorsalen" ); createPlace( "Dungeon");//, "Ljushallen.gif" ); createPlace( "Cola-automaten", "ColaAutomat.gif" ); createPlace( "Stairs2" ); createPlace( "Fable1" ); createPlace( "Dungeon1" ); createPlace( "Kulverten" ); // Create all connections between places connect( "Stairs3", "Stairs5", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Dungeon3", "SANS", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Dungeon3", "IPLab", "West", "East" ); connect( "IPLab", "Stairs3", "West", "East" ); connect( "Stairs5", "Stairs4", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Macsal", "Stairs5", "South", "Norr" ); connect( "C2M2", "Stairs5", "West", "East" ); connect( "SANS", "C2M2", "West", "East" ); connect( "Stairs4", "Dungeon", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Datorsalen", "Stairs4", "South", "Noth" ); connect( "Dungeon2", "Stairs4", "West", "East" ); connect( "Dungeon", "Stairs2", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Dungeon", "Cola-automaten", "South", "North" ); connect( "Stairs2", "Kulverten", "Down", "Up" ); connect( "Stairs2", "Fable1", "East", "West" ); connect( "Fable1", "Dungeon1", "South", "North" ); // Add things // --- Add new things here --- getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Ljummen cola")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Avslagen Cola")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Iskall Cola")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Cola Light")); getPlace("Cola-automaten").addThing(new CocaCola("Cuba Cola")); getPlace("Stairs4").addThing(new Scroll("Scroll")); getPlace("Dungeon3").addThing(new Key("Key")); Simulation sim = new Simulation(); // Load images to be used as appearance-parameter for persons Image studAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Person.gif" ); Image asseAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Asse.gif" ); Image trollAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Loke.gif" ); Image necromancerAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Necromancer.gif" ); Image skeletonAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Reptilewarrior.gif" ); Image reptileAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Skeleton.gif" ); Image zombieAppearance = owner.loadPicture( "Zombie.gif" ); // --- Add new persons here --- new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Peter", studAppearance); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Zombie", zombieAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Zombie", zombieAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "John", studAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Skeleton", skeletonAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Sean", studAppearance ); new WalkingPerson(sim, this, "Reptile", reptileAppearance ); new LabAssistant(sim, this, "Kate", asseAppearance); new LabAssistant(sim, this, "Jenna", asseAppearance); new Troll(sim, this, "Troll", trollAppearance); new Necromancer(sim, this, "Necromancer", necromancerAppearance); } /** * * The place where persons are placed by default * *@return The default place. * */ public Place defaultPlace() { return getPlace( "Datorsalen" ); } private void connect( String p1, String p2, String door1, String door2) { Place place1 = getPlace( p1 ); Place place2 = getPlace( p2 ); place1.addExit( door1, place2 ); place2.addExit( door2, place1 ); } } Thanks

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• Arbitrary Rotation about a Sphere

  - by Der

  I'm coding a mechanic which allows a user to move around the surface of a sphere. The position on the sphere is currently stored as theta and phi, where theta is the angle between the z-axis and the xz projection of the current position (i.e. rotation about the y axis), and phi is the angle from the y-axis to the position. I explained that poorly, but it is essentially theta = yaw, phi = pitch Vector3 position = new Vector3(0,0,1); position.X = (float)Math.Sin(phi) * (float)Math.Sin(theta); position.Y = (float)Math.Sin(phi) * (float)Math.Cos(theta); position.Z = (float)Math.Cos(phi); position *= r; I believe this is accurate, however I could be wrong. I need to be able to move in an arbitrary pseudo two dimensional direction around the surface of a sphere at the origin of world space with radius r. For example, holding W should move around the sphere in an upwards direction relative to the orientation of the player. I believe I should be using a Quaternion to represent the position/orientation on the sphere, but I can't think of the correct way of doing it. Spherical geometry is not my strong suit. Essentially, I need to fill the following block: public void Move(Direction dir) { switch (dir) { case Direction.Left: // update quaternion to rotate left break; case Direction.Right: // update quaternion to rotate right break; case Direction.Up: // update quaternion to rotate upward break; case Direction.Down: // update quaternion to rotate downward break; } }

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• Why doesn't Unity's OnCollisionEnter give me surface normals, and what's the most reliable way to get them?

  - by michael.bartnett

  Unity's on collision event gives you a Collision object that gives you some information about the collision that happened (including a list of ContactPoints with hit normals). But what you don't get is surface normals for the collider that you hit. Here's a screenshot to illustrate. The red line is from ContactPoint.normal and the blue line is from RaycastHit.normal. Is this an instance of Unity hiding information to provide a simplified API? Or do standard 3D realtime collision detection techniques just not collect this information? And for the second part of the question, what's a surefire and relatively efficient way to get a surface normal for a collision? I know that raycasting gives you surface normals, but it seems I need to do several raycasts to accomplish this for all scenarios (maybe a contact point/normal combination misses the collider on the first cast, or maybe you need to do some average of all the contact points' normals to get the best result). My current method: Back up the Collision.contacts[0].point along its hit normal Raycast down the negated hit normal for float.MaxValue, on Collision.collider If that fails, repeat steps 1 and 2 with the non-negated normal If that fails, try steps 1 to 3 with Collision.contacts[1] Repeat 4 until successful or until all contact points exhausted. Give up, return Vector3.zero. This seems to catch everything, but all those raycasts make me queasy, and I'm not sure how to test that this works for enough cases. Is there a better way?

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