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  • Codeigniter xss_clean dilemma

    - by Henson
    I know this question has been asked over and over again, but I still haven't found the perfect answer for my liking, so here it goes again... I've been reading lots and lots polarizing comments about CI's xss_filter. Basically majority says that it's bad. Can someone elaborate how it's bad, or at least give 1 most probable scenario where it can be exploited? I've looked at the security class in CI 2.1 and I think it's pretty good as it doesn't allow malicious strings like document.cookie, document.write, etc. If the site has basically non-html presentation, is it safe to use global xss_filter (or if it's REALLY affecting performance that much, use it on per form post basis) before inserting to database ? I've been reading about pros and cons about whether to escape on input/output with majority says that we should escape on output only. But then again, why allow strings like <a href="javascript:stealCookie()">Click Me</a> to be saved in the database at all? The one thing I don't like is javascript: and such will be converted to [removed]. Can I extend the CI's security core $_never_allowed_str arrays so that the never allowed strings return empty rather than [removed]. The best reasonable wrongdoing example of this I've read is if a user has password of javascript:123 it will be cleaned into [removed]123 which means string like this document.write123 will also pass as the user's password. Then again, what is the odds of that to happen and even if it happens, I can't think of any real harm that can do to the site. Thanks

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  • CakePHP - Paginating an Array

    - by Ashok
    Cake handles pagination of a model with a simple $this-paginate(), but what should I use if I want to paginate a array of values? The Scenario is like this: $this->set('sitepages', $this->paginate()); This code in my index() returns an array like Array ( [0] => Array ( [Sitepage] => Array ( [id] => 13 [name] => Home [urlslug] => home [parent_id] => 1 [page_title] => Welcome to KIAMS, Pune [order] => 1 ) ) [1] => Array ( [Sitepage] => Array ( [id] => 26 [name] => About Us [urlslug] => aboutus [parent_id] => 1 [page_title] => [order] => 2 ) ) [2] => Array ( [Sitepage] => Array ( [id] => 27 [name] => Overview of KIAMS [urlslug] => aboutus/overview [parent_id] => 26 [page_title] => [order] => 2 ) ) I retrieved the same data using $this-Sitepage-find('all') and then performed some manipulations as required and form a array which is very similar to the above one, but the ordering gets changed. I want to paginate this new array and pass it to the view. I tried $this->set('sitepages',$this->paginate($newarray)) But the data is not getting paginated. Can some one please help with paginating the $newarray in CakePHP?

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  • LinQ optimization

    - by Budda
    Here is a peace of code: void MyFunc(List<MyObj> objects) { MyFunc1(objects); foreach( MyObj obj in objects.Where(obj1=>obj1.Good)) { // Do Action With Good Object } } void MyFunc1(List<MyObj> objects) { int iGoodCount = objects.Where(obj1=>obj1.Good).Count(); BeHappy(iGoodCount); // do other stuff with 'objects' collection } Here we see that collection is analyzed twice and each time the value of 'Good' property is checked for each member: 1st time when calculating count of good objects, 2nd - when iterating through all good objects. It is desirable to have that optimized, and here is a straightforward solution: before call to MyFunc1 makecreate an additional temporary collection of good objects only (goodObjects, it can be IEnumerable); get count of these objects and pass it as an additional parameter to MyFunc1; in the 'MyFunc' method iterate not through 'objects.Where(...)' but through the 'goodObjects' collection. Not too bad approach (as far as I see), but additional parameter is required to be passed. Question: is there any LinQ out-of-the-box functionality that allows any caching during 1st Where().Count(), remembering a processed collection and use it in the next iteration? Any thoughts are welcome. Thanks.

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  • Is it okay to violate the principle that collection properties should be readonly for performance?

    - by uriDium
    I used FxCop to analyze some code I had written. I had exposed a collection via a setter. I understand why this is not good. Changing the backing store when I don't expect it is a very bad idea. Here is my problem though. I retrieve a list of business objects from a Data Access Object. I then need to add that collection to another business class and I was doing it with the setter method. The reason I did this was that it is going to be faster to make an assignment than to insert hundreds of thousands of objects one at a time to the collection again via another addElement method. Is it okay to have a getter for a collection in some scenarios? I though of rather having a constructor which takes a collection? I thought maybe I could pass the object in to the Dao and let the Dao populate it directly? Are there any other better ideas?

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  • "Syntax error in INSERT INTO statement". Why?

    - by Kevin
    My code is below. I have a method where I pass in three parameters and they get written out to an MS Access database table. However, I keep getting a syntax error message. Can anyone tell me why? I got this example from the internet. private static void insertRecord(string day, int hour, int loadKW) { string connString = @"Provider=Microsoft.ACE.OLEDB.12.0;Data Source=C:\LoadForecastDB.accdb"; OleDbConnection conn = new OleDbConnection(connString); string ins = @"INSERT INTO Forecasts (Day, Hour, Load) VALUES (?,?,?)"; OleDbCommand cmd = new OleDbCommand(ins, conn); cmd.Parameters.Add("@day", OleDbType.VarChar).Value = day; cmd.Parameters.Add("@hour", OleDbType.Integer).Value = hour; cmd.Parameters.Add("@load", OleDbType.Integer).Value = loadKW; conn.Open(); try { int count = cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } catch (OleDbException ex) { Console.WriteLine(ex.Message); } finally { conn.Close(); } }

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  • submit in html on sql query

    - by user1644661
    i need to run this sql query , which give me a list of Id and Dates i want to click each result and take with me the Id value to the next form i wrote this query above but i see in the debager that the hidden ID get his value but not pass to the next form i think i have a problem with the submit() . where should i put him ? thanks anat function ShowAllCarts($user_email) { $connB = new ProductDAO(); $connB->Connect(); $pro_query = "SELECT * FROM Cart WHERE `Email`='$user_email';"; $db_result = $connB->ExecSQL($pro_query); $html_result = '<div data-role="content"> <ul data-role="listview" data-theme="b"> '; $html_result .= '<form action="PreviouscartProduct.php" method="POST"/>'; while($row_array = $db_result->fetch_array(MYSQLI_ASSOC)) { $Id= $row_array['Id']; $Date= $row_array['Date']; //$html_result // $html_result .="<li><a href='PreviouscartProduct.php'>Cart number: $Id from Date: $Date><input type='hidden' name='Id' value'<?=$Id?>'</input></a></li>'"; $html_result .= '<a onclick="this.form.submit();" </a>; } $html_result .= ' </ul> </div>'; $html_result .= '</form>'; $connB->Disconnect(); return $html_result; } //display all carts $func_result = ShowAllCarts($Email);

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  • Sharing class member data between sub components

    - by Tim Gradwell
    I have an aggregate 'main' class which contains some data which I wish to share. The main class also has other class members. I want to share the data with these other class members. What is the correct / neatest way to do this? The specific example I have is as follows. The main class is a .net Form. I have some controls (actually controls within controls) on the main form which need access to the shared data. Main Form - DataX - DataY - Control1 -- Subcontrol1 - Control2 -- SubControl2 SubControls 1 and 2 both wish to access DataX and DataY. The trouble is, I feel like better practice (to reduce coupling), would be that either subcontrols should not know about Main Form, or Main Form should not know about subcontrols - probably the former. For subcontrols not to know about Main Form, would probably mean Main Form passing references to both Controls 1 and 2, which in turn would pass the references on to SubControls 1 and 2. Lots of lines of code which just forward the references. If I later added DataZ and DataW, and Controls 3 and 4 and SubControls 3 and 4, I'd have to add lots more reference forwarding code. It seems simpler to me to give SubControls 1 and 2 member references to Main Form. That way, any sub control could just ask for MainForm.DataX or MainForm.DataY and if I ever added new data, I could just access it directly from the sub controls with no hassle. But it still involves setting the 'MainForm' member references every time I add a new Control or Subcontrol. And it gives me a gut feeling of 'wrong'. As you might be able to tell I'm not happy with either of my solutions. Is there a better way? Thanks

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  • sqlobject: No connection has been defined for this thread or process

    - by Claudiu
    I'm using sqlobject in Python. I connect to the database with conn = connectionForURI(connStr) conn.makeConnection() This succeeds, and I can do queries on the connection: g_conn = conn.getConnection() cur = g_conn.cursor() cur.execute(query) res = cur.fetchall() This works as intended. However, I also defined some classes, e.g: class User(SQLObject): class sqlmeta: table = "gui_user" username = StringCol(length=16, alternateID=True) password = StringCol(length=16) balance = FloatCol(default=0) When I try to do a query using the class: User.selectBy(username="foo") I get an exception: ... File "c:\python25\lib\site-packages\SQLObject-0.12.4-py2.5.egg\sqlobject\main.py", line 1371, in selectBy conn = connection or cls._connection File "c:\python25\lib\site-packages\SQLObject-0.12.4-py2.5.egg\sqlobject\dbconnection.py", line 837, in __get__ return self.getConnection() File "c:\python25\lib\site-packages\SQLObject-0.12.4-py2.5.egg\sqlobject\dbconnection.py", line 850, in getConnection "No connection has been defined for this thread " AttributeError: No connection has been defined for this thread or process How do I define a connection for a thread? I just realized I can pass in a connection keyword which I can give conn to to make it work, but how do I get it to work if I weren't to do that?

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  • Editing XML file content with Python.

    - by Hooloovoo
    Hi, I am trying to use Python to read in an XML file containing some parameter names and values, e.g. ... <parameter name='par1'> <value>24</value> </parameter> <parameter name='par2'> <value>Blue/Red/Green</value> </parameter> ... and then pass it a dictionary with the parameter names {'par1':'53','par2':'Yellow/Pink/Black',...} and corresponding new values to replace the old ones in the XML file. The output should then overwrite the original XML file. At the moment I am converting the XML to a python dictionary and after some element comparison and regular expression handling, writing the output again in XML format. I am not too happy with this and was wondering whether anyone can recommend a more efficient way of doing it? Thanks.

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  • C++ Instantiate class and add name to array/vector then cycle through update functions from the array

    - by SD42
    I have a bunch of classes in a basic (and badly coded!) game engine that are currently instantiated in the code and have to have their individual update functions called. What I want to do is be able to create an instance of a class, pass the name to an array, and then subsequently cycle through the array to call the update functions of each class. I'm unsure as to whether or not this is an impossible or spectacularly stupid way of trying to manage objects, so please tell me if it is. So currently I might have manually instantiated Enemy class a couple of times: Enemy enem1; Enemy enem2; I then have to update them manually in the game loop: enem1.update(); enem2.update(); What method should I use to be able to spawn and destroy instances of the enemy class during gametime? Is it possible to populate an array with instantiated names and then do something like (and i'm aware this doesn't work); array[x].update(); Then iterate through the names in the array? Anything that even points me in the right direction would be greatly appreciated!

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  • Setting PHP session variables using Flash Actionscript

    - by Abs
    Hello all, I have a simple PHP upload script that is called from my Flash App. I am sure it makes the call because it actually uploads the file! session_start(); $default_path = 'files/'; $target_path = ($_POST['dir']) ? $_POST['dir'] : $default_path; if(!file_exists($target_path)) mkdir($target_path, 0777, true); $destination = $target_path . basename( $_FILES[ 'Filedata' ][ 'name' ] ); $file_name = rand(1,9999).$_FILES[ 'Filedata' ][ 'name' ]; if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES[ 'Filedata' ][ 'tmp_name' ], $destination)){ $_SESSION['path'] = 'flashuploader_online/upload/'.$destination; } However, I try to use the session variable "path" in another script but it gives me an empty value! Yes, I have made sure to use session_start. Am I missing something? Update At least now I know what the problem is! But I am not sure how to solve it without it getting messy to pass across session variables. Any ideas?

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  • C++: Conceptual problem in designing an intepreter

    - by sub
    I'm programming an interpreter for an experimental programming language (educational, fun,...) So far, everything went well (Tokenizer & Parser), but I'm getting a huge problem with some of the data structures in the part that actually runs the tokenized and parsed code. My programming language basically has only two types, int and string, and they are represented as C++ strings (std class) and ints Here is a short version of the data structure that I use to pass values around: enum DataType { Null, Int, String } class Symbol { public: string identifier; DataType type; string stringValue; int intValue; } I can't use union because string doesn't allow me to. This structure above is beginning to give me a headache. I have to scatter code like this everywhere in order to make it work, it is beginning to grow unmaintainable: if( mySymbol.type == Int ) { mySymbol.intValue = 1234; } else { mySymbol.stringValue = "abcde"; } I use the Symbol data structure for variables, return values for functions and general representation of values in the programming language. Is there any better way to solve this? I hope so!

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  • UIImageView not displaying image when property is set too early

    - by Undeadlegion
    I have an image I want to display inside a UIView. In Interface Builder, the UIView is the root and a UIImageView is its child. The view is connected to view controller's view outlet, and the image view is connected to the image view outlet: @property (nonatomic, retain) IBOutlet UIImageView *imageView; If I try to set the image property of UIImageView before it's visible, the image doesn't show up. TestView *testView = [[TestView alloc] initWithNibName:@"TestView" bundle:nil]; testview.imageView.image = [logos objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:testView animated:YES]; If, however, I pass the image to the controller and set the image property in view did load, the image becomes visible. TestView *testView = [[TestView alloc] initWithNibName:@"TestView" bundle:nil]; testview.image = [logos objectAtIndex:indexPath.row]; [self.navigationController pushViewController:testView animated:YES]; - (void)viewDidLoad { [super viewDidLoad]; imageView.image = image; } What is causing the image to not show up in the first scenario?

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  • Automated browser testing: How to test JavaScript in web pages?

    - by Dave
    I am trying to write an application that will test a series of web-pages programmatically. The web pages being tested have JavaScript embedded within them which alter the structure of the HTML when they complete execution. It is then the goal to take the final HTML (post-execution of the embedded JavaScript) and compare it against a known output. Essentially, the Input --- Output for the test application is: URL ---[retrieve HTML]--- HTML ---[execute JS, then compare]--- PASS/FAIL Here is the challenge: I have been unable to find a solution that is able to take the HTML I retrieve from the URL and process the JavaScript, as a browser would, and generate the final HTML a user might see from "View Source" on the same page within the browser. It would be very surprising if this sort of approach has not been made before, so I'm hoping someone out there knows of a fitting solution for this application/problem? If at all possible, I'm hoping for a solution that integrates with .NET (I've tried using the WebBrowser, with no luck). However, if there is an existing 3rd party application that can do exactly this, that would be quite acceptable. Thanks in advance for the suggestions! Dave

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  • Sort MySQL query result by a alphanumeric field

    - by Jason Shultz
    I'm querying a table in a db using php. one of the fields is a column called "rank" and has data like the following: none 1-bronze 2-silver 3-gold ... 10-ambassador 11-president I want to be able to sort the results based on that "rank" column. any results where the field is "none" get excluded, so those don't factor in. As you can already guess, right now the results are coming back like this: 1-bronze 10-ambassador 11-president 2-silver 3-gold Of course, I would like for it to be sorted so it is like the following: 1-bronze 2-silver 3-gold ... 10-ambassador 11-president Right now the query is being returned as an object. I've tried different sort options like natsort, sort, array_multisort but haven't got it to work the way I'm sure it can. I would prefer keeping the results in an object form if possible. I'm passing the data on to a view in the next step. although, it's perfectly acceptable to pass the object to the view and then do the work there. so it's not an issue after all. :) thank you for your help. i'm hoping I'm making sense.

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  • how do I use an enum value on a switch statement in C++

    - by BotBotPgm
    I would like to use an enum value for my switch statment in C++. Is it possible to use the enum values enclosed in the "{}" as choices for the "switch()"? I know that switch() needs an integer value in order to direct the flow of programming to the appropriate case number. If this is the case, do I just make a variable for each constant in the 'enum' statment? I also want the user to be able to pick the choice and pass that choice to the switch() statement. for example: cout<< "1 - Easy"; cout<<"2 - Medium"; cout<< "3 -Hard"; enum myChoice {EASY =1 ,MEDIUM = 2, HARD = 3} cin ???? switch(????) case 1/EASY: (can I just type case EAST?) cout << "You picked easy!"; break; case 2/MEDIUM: cout << "You picked medium!"; case 3..... (same thing as case 2 except on hard.) default: return 0; Thanks

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  • Yii 'limit' on related model's scope

    - by pethee
    I have a model called Guesses that has_many Comments. I'm making eager queries to this to then pass on as JSON as response to an API call. The relations are obviously set between the two models and they are correct(one2many <= belongs2) I added a scope to Comments called 'api' like this: public function scopes() { return array( 'api' => array( 'select' => 'id, comment, date', 'limit'=>3, 'order'=>'date DESC', 'together'=>true, ), ); } And I'm running the following one-liner query: $data = Guesses::model()->with('comments:api')->findAll(); The issue here is that when calling the 'api' scope using a with('relation'), the limit property simply doesn't apply. I added the 'together'=true there for another type of scope, plus I hear it might help. It doesn't make a difference. I don't need all the comments of all Guesses. I want the top 3 (or 5). I am also trying to keep the one-liner call intact and simple, manage everything through scopes, relations and parameterized functions so that the API call itself is clean and simple. Any advice?

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  • How to append query parameter at runtime using jQuery

    - by Wondering
    Through JavaScript I am appending one query parameter to the page url and I am facing one strange behaiviour. <div> <a href="Default3.aspx?id=2">Click me</a> </div> $(function () { window.location.href = window.location.href + "&q=" + "aa"; }); Now I am appending &q=aa in default3.aspx and in this page the &q=aa is getting added continuously, causing the URL to become: http://localhost:1112/WebSite2/Default3.aspx?id=2&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa&q=aa One would say just pass it like <a href="Default3.aspx?id=2&q=aa">Click me</a>, but I cant do that. The value of this query parameter is actually the value of an HTML element which is in default3.aspx. I have to add it in runtime. What are the ways to achieve this?

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  • Singletons and constants

    - by devoured elysium
    I am making a program which makes use of a couple of constants. At first, each time I needed to use a constant, I'd define it as //C# private static readonly int MyConstant = xxx; //Java private static final int MyConstant = xxx; in the class where I'd need it. After some time, I started to realise that some constants would be needed in more than one class. At this time, I had 3 choises: To define them in the different classes that needed it. This leads to repetition. If by some reason later I need to change one of them, I'd have to check in all classes to replace them everywhere. To define a static class/singleton with all the constants as public. If I needed a constant X in ClassA, ClassB and ClassC, I could just define it in ClassA as public, and then have ClassB and ClassC refer to them. This solution doesn't seem that good to me as it introduces even more dependencies as the classes already have between them. I ended up implementing my code with the second option. Is that the best alternative? I feel I am probably missing some other better alternative. What worries me about using the singleton here is that it is nowhere clear to a user of the class that this class is using the singleton. Maybe I could create a ConstantsClass that held all the constants needed and then I'd pass it in the constructor to the classes that'd need it? Thanks

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  • OpenGL multiple threads, variable handling [closed]

    - by toeplitz
    I have written an OpenGL program which runs in the following way: Main: - Initialize SDL - Create thread which has the OpenGL context: - Renderloop - Set camera (view) matrix with glUniform. - glDrawElements() .... etc. - Swapbuffers(); - Main SDL loop handling input events and such. - Update camera matrix of type glm::mat4. This is how I pass my camera object to the class that handles opengl. Camera *cam = new Camera(); gl.setCam(cam); where void setCam(Camera *camera) { this->camera = camera; } For rendering in the opengl context thread, this happens: glm::mat4 modelView = camera->view * model; glUniformMatrix4fv(shader->bindUniform("modelView"), 1, GL_FALSE, glm::value_ptr(modelView)); In the main program where my SDL and other things are handles I then recompute the view matrix. This his working fine without me using any mutex locks. Is this correct? On the other hand, I add objects to my scene by an "upload queue" and in this case I have to mutex lock my upload queue vector (vector class type) when adding items to it or else the program crashes. In summary: I recompute my matrix in a different thread and then use it in the opengl thread without any mutex lock. Why is this working? Edit: I think my question is similar to what was asked here: Should I lock a variable in one thread if I only need it's value in other threads, and why does it work if I don't?, only in my case it is even more simple with only one matrix being changed.

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  • Testing Hibernate DAO, without building the universe around it.

    - by Varun Mehta
    We have an application built using spring/Hibernate/MySQL, now we want to test the DAO layer, but here are a few shortcomings we face. Consider the use case of multiple objects connected to one another, eg: Book has Pages. The Page object cannot exist without the Book as book_id is mandatory FK in Page. For testing a Page I have to create a Book. This simple usecase is easy to manage, but if you start building a Library, till you don't create the whole universe surrounding the Book and Page, you cannot test it! So to test Page; Create Library Create Section Create Genre Create Author Create Book Create Page Now test Page. Is there an easy way to by pass this "universe creation" and just test he page object in isolation. I also want to be able to test HQLs related to Page. eg: SELECT new com.test.BookPage (book.id, page.name) FROM Book book, Page page. JUnit is supposed to run in isolation, so I have to write the whole test case to create the Page. Any tips will be useful.

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  • regex numeric data processing: match a series of numbers greater than X

    - by Mu Mind
    Say I have some data like this: number_stream = [0,0,0,7,8,0,0,2,5,6,10,11,10,13,5,0,1,0,...] I want to process it looking for "bumps" that meet a certain pattern. Imagine I have my own customized regex language for working on numbers, where [[ =5 ]] represents any number = 5. I want to capture this case: ([[ >=5 ]]{3,})[[ <3 ]]{2,} In other words, I want to begin capturing any time I look ahead and see 3 or more values = 5 in a row, and stop capturing any time I look ahead and see 2+ values < 3. So my output should be: >>> stream_processor.process(number_stream) [[5,6,10,11,10,13,5],...] Note that the first 7,8,... is ignored because it's not long enough, and that the capture ends before the 0,1,0.... I'd also like a stream_processor object I can incrementally pass more data into in subsequent process calls, and return captured chunks as they're completed. I've written some code to do it, but it was hideous and state-machiney, and I can't help feeling like I'm missing something obvious. Any ideas to do this cleanly?

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  • UnknownHostException again!

    - by Nitesh Panchal
    Hello, I posted one question previously and all of them answered that there is some problem with DNS but i changed my DNS to many addressed and now i have the most reliable, google DNS :- 8.8.8.8 Still i get the same UnknownHostException. What can be the problem? This is my code :- DocumentBuilderFactory dbf = DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance(); DocumentBuilder db = dbf.newDocumentBuilder(); Document doc = db.parse("http://rss.news.yahoo.com/rss/india"); Infact if i pass address as something very common like :- http://google.com i still get the same error. Please help me :(. I have my submissions tomorrow. Thanks in advance :) EDIT : If i type the same address in my mozilla, it works great. So, i am sure that there is no DNS problem. 2nd EDIT :- I found this link http://www.ehow.com/how_4747553_fix-unknownhostexception-java-applications-ubuntu.html But when i run the command sudo apt-get install lib32nss-mdns i get package not found. Somebody even mentioned :- -Djava.net.preferIPv4Stack=true But where do i write this statement of Djava? I am using Netbeans 6.8 to run my web application

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  • Implementing search functionality with multiple optional parameters against database table.

    - by quarkX
    Hello, I would like to check if there is a preferred design pattern for implementing search functionality with multiple optional parameters against database table where the access to the database should be only via stored procedures. The targeted platform is .Net with SQL 2005, 2008 backend, but I think this is pretty generic problem. For example, we have customer table and we want to provide search functionality to the UI for different parameters, like customer Type, customer State, customer Zip, etc., and all of them are optional and can be selected in any combinations. In other words, the user can search by customerType only or by customerType, customerZIp or any other possible combinations. There are several available design approaches, but all of them have some disadvantages and I would like to ask if there is a preferred design among them or if there is another approach. Generate sql where clause sql statement dynamically in the business tier, based on the search request from the UI, and pass it to a stored procedure as parameter. Something like @Where = ‘where CustomerZip = 111111’ Inside the stored procedure generate dynamic sql statement and execute it with sp_executesql. Disadvantage: dynamic sql, sql injection Implement a stored procedure with multiple input parameters, representing the search fields from the UI, and use the following construction for selecting the records only for the requested fields in the where statement. WHERE (CustomerType = @CustomerType OR @CustomerType is null ) AND (CustomerZip = @CustomerZip OR @CustomerZip is null ) AND ………………………………………… Disadvantage: possible performance issue for the sql. 3.Implement separate stored procedure for each search parameter combinations. Disadvantage: The number of stored procedures will increase rapidly with the increase of the search parameters, repeated code.

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  • C++ const-reference semantics?

    - by Kristoffer
    Consider the sample application below. It demonstrates what I would call a flawed class design. #include <iostream> using namespace std; struct B { B() : m_value(1) {} long m_value; }; struct A { const B& GetB() const { return m_B; } void Foo(const B &b) { // assert(this != &b); m_B.m_value += b.m_value; m_B.m_value += b.m_value; } protected: B m_B; }; int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { A a; cout << "Original value: " << a.GetB().m_value << endl; cout << "Expected value: 3" << endl; a.Foo(a.GetB()); cout << "Actual value: " << a.GetB().m_value << endl; return 0; } Output: Original value: 1 Expected value: 3 Actual value: 4 Obviously, the programmer is fooled by the constness of b. By mistake b points to this, which yields the undesired behavior. My question: What const-rules should you follow when designing getters/setters? My suggestion: Never return a reference to a member variable if it can be set by reference through a member function. Hence, either return by value or pass parameters by value. (Modern compilers will optimize away the extra copy anyway.)

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