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• linux thread synchronization

  - by johnnycrash

  I am new to linux and linux threads. I have spent some time googling to try to understand the differences between all the functions available for thread synchronization. I still have some questions. I have found all of these different types of synchronizations, each with a number of functions for locking, unlocking, testing the lock, etc. gcc atomic operations futexes mutexes spinlocks seqlocks rculocks conditions semaphores My current (but probably flawed) understanding is this: semaphores are process wide, involve the filesystem (virtually I assume), and are probably the slowest. Futexes might be the base locking mechanism used by mutexes, spinlocks, seqlocks, and rculocks. Futexes might be faster than the locking mechanisms that are based on them. Spinlocks dont block and thus avoid context swtiches. However they avoid the context switch at the expense of consuming all the cycles on a CPU until the lock is released (spinning). They should only should be used on multi processor systems for obvious reasons. Never sleep in a spinlock. The seq lock just tells you when you finished your work if a writer changed the data the work was based on. You have to go back and repeat the work in this case. Atomic operations are the fastest synch call, and probably are used in all the above locking mechanisms. You do not want to use atomic operations on all the fields in your shared data. You want to use a lock (mutex, futex, spin, seq, rcu) or a single atomic opertation on a lock flag when you are accessing multiple data fields. My questions go like this: Am I right so far with my assumptions? Does anyone know the cpu cycle cost of the various options? I am adding parallelism to the app so we can get better wall time response at the expense of running fewer app instances per box. Performances is the utmost consideration. I don't want to consume cpu with context switching, spinning, or lots of extra cpu cycles to read and write shared memory. I am absolutely concerned with number of cpu cycles consumed. Which (if any) of the locks prevent interruption of a thread by the scheduler or interrupt...or am I just an idiot and all synchonization mechanisms do this. What kinds of interruption are prevented? Can I block all threads or threads just on the locking thread's CPU? This question stems from my fear of interrupting a thread holding a lock for a very commonly used function. I expect that the scheduler might schedule any number of other workers who will likely run into this function and then block because it was locked. A lot of context switching would be wasted until the thread with the lock gets rescheduled and finishes. I can re-write this function to minimize lock time, but still it is so commonly called I would like to use a lock that prevents interruption...across all processors. I am writing user code...so I get software interrupts, not hardware ones...right? I should stay away from any functions (spin/seq locks) that have the word "irq" in them. Which locks are for writing kernel or driver code and which are meant for user mode? Does anyone think using an atomic operation to have multiple threads move through a linked list is nuts? I am thinking to atomicly change the current item pointer to the next item in the list. If the attempt works, then the thread can safely use the data the current item pointed to before it was moved. Other threads would now be moved along the list. futexes? Any reason to use them instead of mutexes? Is there a better way than using a condition to sleep a thread when there is no work? When using gcc atomic ops, specifically the test_and_set, can I get a performance increase by doing a non atomic test first and then using test_and_set to confirm? *I know this will be case specific, so here is the case. There is a large collection of work items, say thousands. Each work item has a flag that is initialized to 0. When a thread has exclusive access to the work item, the flag will be one. There will be lots of worker threads. Any time a thread is looking for work, they can non atomicly test for 1. If they read a 1, we know for certain that the work is unavailable. If they read a zero, they need to perform the atomic test_and_set to confirm. So if the atomic test_and_set is 500 cpu cycles because it is disabling pipelining, causes cpu's to communicate and L2 caches to flush/fill .... and a simple test is 1 cycle .... then as long as I had a better ratio of 500 to 1 when it came to stumbling upon already completed work items....this would be a win.* I hope to use mutexes or spinlocks to sparilngly protect sections of code that I want only one thread on the SYSTEM (not jsut the CPU) to access at a time. I hope to sparingly use gcc atomic ops to select work and minimize use of mutexes and spinlocks. For instance: a flag in a work item can be checked to see if a thread has worked it (0=no, 1=yes or in progress). A simple test_and_set tells the thread if it has work or needs to move on. I hope to use conditions to wake up threads when there is work. Thanks!

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• Fix a box 250px from top of content with wrapping content

  - by Matt

  I'm having trouble left aligning a related links div inside a block of text, exactly 250 pixels from the top of a content area, while retaining word wrapping. I attempted to do this with absolute positioning, but the text in the content area doesn't wrap around the content. I would just fix the related links div in the content, however, this will display on an article page, so I would like for it to be done without placing it in a specific location in the content. Is this possible? If so, can someone help me out with the CSS for this? Example image of desired look & feel... UPDATE: For simplicity, I've added example code. You can view this here: http://www.focusontheclouds.com/files/example.html. Example HTML: <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <title>Example Page</title> <style> body { width: 400px; font-family: Arial, sans-serif; } h1 { font-family: Georgia, serif; font-weight: normal; } .relatedLinks { position: relative; width: 150px; text-align: center; background: #f00; height: 300px; float: left; margin: 0 10px 10px 0; } </style> </head> <body> <div class="relatedLinks"><h1>Related Links</h1></div> <p>Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Nunc tempus est luctus ante auctor et ullamcorper metus ullamcorper. Vestibulum molestie, lectus sed luctus egestas, dolor ipsum aliquet orci, ac bibendum quam elit blandit nulla.</p> <p>In sit amet sagittis urna. In fermentum enim et lectus consequat a congue elit porta. Pellentesque nisl quam, elementum vitae elementum et, facilisis quis velit. Nam odio neque, viverra in consectetur at, mollis eu mi. Etiam tempor odio vitae ligula ultrices mollis. </p> <p>Donec eget ligula id augue pulvinar lobortis. Mauris tincidunt suscipit felis, eget eleifend lectus molestie in. Donec et massa arcu. Aenean eleifend nulla at odio adipiscing quis interdum arcu dictum. Fusce tellus dolor, tempor ut blandit a, dapibus ac ante. Nulla eget ligula at turpis consequat accumsan egestas nec purus. Nullam sit amet turpis ac lacus tincidunt hendrerit. Nulla iaculis mauris sed enim ornare molestie. </p> <p>Cum sociis natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Maecenas non purus diam. Suspendisse iaculis tincidunt tempor. Suspendisse ut pretium lectus. Maecenas id est dui.</p> <p>Nunc pretium ipsum id libero rhoncus varius. Duis imperdiet elit ut turpis porta pharetra. Nulla vel dui vitae ipsum sollicitudin varius. Duis sagittis elit felis, quis interdum odio. </p> <p>Morbi imperdiet volutpat sodales. Aenean non euismod est. Cras ultricies felis non tortor congue ultrices. Proin quis enim arcu. Cras mattis sagittis erat, elementum bibendum ipsum imperdiet eu. Morbi fringilla ullamcorper elementum. Vestibulum semper dui non elit luctus quis accumsan ante scelerisque.</p> </body> </html>

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• pass an ID with hyperlik but cant get this ID value from a fk in one table when i click in insert

  - by susan

  Something strange happened in my codes, actually I have a hyperlink that pass ID value in a query string to second page.in second page i have 2 sql datasource that both these sql datasources should get this id value and pass it to a filter parameter to show sth in datalist. so in another word I have a first page that has an hyperlink read ID value from a datasource and pass it to second page.its like below: <asp:HyperLink ID="HyperLink1" runat="server" NavigateUrl='<%# "~/forumpage.aspx?ID="+Eval("ID")%>'><%#Eval("title")%> </asp:HyperLink> then in second page i have one sql datasource with a query like this ...where ID=@id and get this id in query string from db.it work great . but i have problem with second sql datasource in second page it has a query sth like below:...forms.question_id=@id then in sql reference both to query string as ID that get by first page in hyperlink. but when i click in insert button show me error with fk. error:Error:The INSERT statement conflicted with the FOREIGN KEY constraint "FK_forumreply_forumquestions". The conflict occurred in database "forum", table "dbo.forumquestions", column 'ID'. The statement has been terminated. my tables (question(ID,user_id(fk),Cat_id(fk),title,bodytext) (reply(ID,userr_id(fk),questionn_id(fk),titlereply,bodytestreply); When by hand in cb i gave a number in questionn_id like 1 it show me successful but when it want read from a filter by datasource this field face with problem. plzzzz help i really need skip from this part.and cause i am new i guess I cant understand the logic way clearly. <asp:SqlDataSource ID="sdsreply" runat="server" ConnectionString="<%$ ConnectionStrings:forumConnectionString %>" SelectCommand="SELECT forumreply.ID, forumreply.userr_id, forumreply.questionn_id, forumreply.bodytextreply, forumreply.datetimereply, forumquestions.ID AS Expr1, forumusers.ID AS Expr2, forumusers.username FROM forumquestions INNER JOIN forumreply ON forumquestions.ID = forumreply.questionn_id INNER JOIN forumusers ON forumquestions.user_id = forumusers.ID AND forumreply.userr_id = forumusers.ID where forumreply.questionn_id=@questionn_id"> <SelectParameters> <asp:QueryStringParameter Name="questionn_id" QueryStringField="ID" /> </SelectParameters> </asp:SqlDataSource> it is cb for second page in insert button: { if (Session["userid"] != null) { lblreply.Text = Session["userid"].ToString(); } else { Session["userid"]=null; } if (HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { lblshow.Text = string.Empty; string d = HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.Name; lblshow.Text =d + "???? ??? ?????." ; foreach (DataListItem item in DataList2.Items) { Label questionn_idLabel = (Label)item.FindControl("questionn_idLabel"); Label userr_idLabel = (Label)item.FindControl("userr_idLabel"); lbltest.Text = string.Empty; lbltest.Text = questionn_idLabel.Text; lblreply.Text = string.Empty; lblreply.Text = userr_idLabel.Text; } } else { lblshow.Text = "??? ??? ??? ??? ?? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??? ? ??? ????? ???????."; } } { if(HttpContext.Current.User.Identity.IsAuthenticated) { if (Page.IsValid) { SqlConnection con = new SqlConnection(ConfigurationManager.ConnectionStrings["forumConnectionString"].ConnectionString); try { con.Open(); SqlCommand cmd = new SqlCommand("insert into forumreply (userr_id,questionn_id,bodytextreply,datetimereply)values(@userr_id,@questionn_id,@bodytextreply,@datetimereply)", con); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("userr_id",lblreply.Text); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("questionn_id",lbltest.Text); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("bodytextreply",txtbody.Text); cmd.Parameters.AddWithValue("datetimereply",DateTime.Now ); cmd.ExecuteNonQuery(); } catch (Exception exp) { Response.Write("<b>Error:</b>"); Response.Write(exp.Message); } finally { con.Close(); } lblmsg.Text = "???? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ?????.thx"; lblshow.Visible = false; //lbltxt.Text = txtbody.Text; txtbody.Text = string.Empty; } } else { lblmsg.Text = string.Empty; Session["rem"] = Request.UrlReferrer.AbsoluteUri; Response.Redirect("~/login.aspx"); } }

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• jQuery returning two elements for each one it finds?

  - by John Rudy

  I'll start by saying I'm fairly new to jQuery. For the most part, I've found it intuitive and powerful, but this one circumstance has me thoroughly stumped. In the following method, the call to .each() returns two elements for every one found. It iterates over a set of table rows given IDs starting with the word, "communication," and followed by an ID number. For each row it returns, it processes twice. Using Firebug, I've validated that the DOM only has a single instance of each table row in question. Also using Firebug, I've validated that the method is not being called twice; the iteration in .each() is truly going over each returned table row twice. By the time all the AJAX call goodness is done, I'll have two entries in the database for each row created in the table. This is the code that's causing the issues: function getCommunications() { var list = $('[id^=communication]'); var communications = new Array(); list.each(function () { var communication = { ID: $(this).find('.commCompanyID').val(), /* * SNIP: more object properties here that are * unnecessary to this discussion */ }; communications.push(communication); }); return communications; } At the point of return communications, the Array returned will contain twice as many elements as there are table rows. I should note that nearly identical code (but going against specific lists of divs) is working on the same page. It's just the table that's suffering the issues. I'm using jQuery 1.4.1, the version which shipped with Visual Studio .NET 2010. The table markup is fully dynamic -- that is, aside from the header row, it's dependent on data either returned at page load or created by the user via a dialog box. I'll drop in just the code for what's created at page load; again using Firebug I've validated that what I create dynamically when an end user creates a row with the dialog box matches. (This should be readable by anyone, but for the record this is an ASP.NET MVC 2.0 project.) <table id="commTable"> <tr> <th></th> <th> Date / Time </th> <th> Contact </th> <th> Type </th> <th> Duration </th> <th> Notes </th> </tr> <% foreach (var item in Model) { %> <tr id="communication<%: item.ID %>"> <td> <a href="#" onclick="showEditCommunicationForm(<%: item.ID %>"> Edit</a> <span class="commDeleteButton"> <a href="#" onclick="deleteCommunication(<%: item.ID %>)"> Delete</a> </span> </td> <td> <span class="commDateTime"><%: item.DateTime %></span> <input type="hidden" class="commID" value="<%: item.ID %>" /> <input type="hidden" class="commIsDeleted" value="<%: item.IsDeleted %>" /> </td> <td> <span class="commSourceText"><%: item.Company.CompanyName %></span> <input type="hidden" class="commCompanyID" value="<%: item.CompanyID %>" /> </td> <td> <%: item.CommunicationType.CommunicationTypeText %> <input type="hidden" class="commTypeID" value="<%: item.CommunicationTypeID %>" /> </td> <td> <span class="commDuration"><%: item.DurationMinutes %></span> Minutes </td> <td> <span class="commNotes"><%: item.Notes %></span> </td> </tr> <% } %> </table>

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• Design advice for avoiding change in several classes

  - by Anders Svensson

  Hi, I'm trying to figure out how to design a small application more elegantly, and make it more resistant to change. Basically it is a sort of project price calculator, and the problem is that there are many parameters that can affect the pricing. I'm trying to avoid cluttering the code with a lot of if-clauses for each parameter, but still I have e.g. if-clauses in two places checking for the value of the size parameter. I have the Head First Design Patterns book, and have tried to find ideas there, but the closest I got was the decorator pattern, which has an example where starbuzz coffee sets prices depending first on condiments added, and then later in an exercise by adding a size parameter (Tall, Grande, Venti). But that didn't seem to help, because adding that parameter still seemed to add if-clause complexity in a lot of places (and this being an exercise they didn't explain that further). What I am trying to avoid is having to change several classes if a parameter were to change or a new parameter added, or at least change in as few places as possible (there's some fancy design principle word for this that I don't rememeber :-)). Here below is the code. Basically it calculates the price for a project that has the tasks "Writing" and "Analysis" with a size parameter and different pricing models. There will be other parameters coming in later too, like "How new is the product?" (New, 1-5 years old, 6-10 years old), etc. Any advice on the best design would be greatly appreciated, whether a "design pattern" or just good object oriented principles that would make it resistant to change (e.g. adding another size, or changing one of the size values, and only have to change in one place rather than in several if-clauses): public class Project { private readonly int _numberOfProducts; protected Size _size; public Task Analysis { get; set; } public Task Writing { get; set; } public Project(int numberOfProducts) { _numberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _size = GetSize(); Analysis = new AnalysisTask(numberOfProducts, _size); Writing = new WritingTask(numberOfProducts, _size); } private Size GetSize() { if (_numberOfProducts <= 2) return Size.small; if (_numberOfProducts <= 8) return Size.medium; return Size.large; } public double GetPrice() { return Analysis.GetPrice() + Writing.GetPrice(); } } public abstract class Task { protected readonly int _numberOfProducts; protected Size _size; protected double _pricePerHour; protected Dictionary<Size, int> _hours; public abstract int TotalHours { get; } public double Price { get; set; } protected Task(int numberOfProducts, Size size) { _numberOfProducts = numberOfProducts; _size = size; } public double GetPrice() { return _pricePerHour * TotalHours; } } public class AnalysisTask : Task { public AnalysisTask(int numberOfProducts, Size size) : base(numberOfProducts, size) { _pricePerHour = 850; _hours = new Dictionary<Size, int>() { { Size.small, 56 }, { Size.medium, 104 }, { Size.large, 200 } }; } public override int TotalHours { get { return _hours[_size]; } } } public class WritingTask : Task { public WritingTask(int numberOfProducts, Size size) : base(numberOfProducts, size) { _pricePerHour = 650; _hours = new Dictionary<Size, int>() { { Size.small, 125 }, { Size.medium, 100 }, { Size.large, 60 } }; } public override int TotalHours { get { if (_size == Size.small) return _hours[_size] * _numberOfProducts; if (_size == Size.medium) return (_hours[Size.small] * 2) + (_hours[Size.medium] * (_numberOfProducts - 2)); return (_hours[Size.small] * 2) + (_hours[Size.medium] * (8 - 2)) + (_hours[Size.large] * (_numberOfProducts - 8)); } } } public enum Size { small, medium, large } public partial class Form1 : Form { public Form1() { InitializeComponent(); List<int> quantities = new List<int>(); for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) { quantities.Add(i); } comboBoxNumberOfProducts.DataSource = quantities; } private void comboBoxNumberOfProducts_SelectedIndexChanged(object sender, EventArgs e) { Project project = new Project((int)comboBoxNumberOfProducts.SelectedItem); labelPrice.Text = project.GetPrice().ToString(); labelWriterHours.Text = project.Writing.TotalHours.ToString(); labelAnalysisHours.Text = project.Analysis.TotalHours.ToString(); } } At the end is a simple current calling code in the change event for a combobox that set size... (BTW, I don't like the fact that I have to use several dots to get to the TotalHours at the end here either, as far as I can recall, that violates the "principle of least knowledge" or "the law of demeter", so input on that would be appreciated too, but it's not the main point of the question) Regards, Anders

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• $_GET loading content before head tag instead of in specified div.

  - by s32ialx

  NOT EDITING BELOW BUT THANKS TO SOME REALLY NICE PEOPLE I CAN'T POST AN IMAGE ANYMORE BECAUSE I HAD a 15 Rep but NOW ONLY A 5 becuase my question wasn't what they wanted help with they gave me a neg rep. The problem is that the content loads it displays UNDER the div i placed #CONTENT# inside so the styles are being ignored and it's posting #CONTENT# outside the divs at positions 0,0 any suggestions? Found out whats happening by using "View Source" seems that it's putting all of the #CONTENT#, content that's being loaded in front of the <head> tag. Like this <doctype...> <div class="home"> \ blah blah #CONTENT# bot being loaded in correct specified area </div> / <head> <script src=""></script> </head> <body> <div class="header"></div> <div class="contents"> #CONTENT# < where content SHOULD load </div> <div class="footer"></div> </body> so anyone got a fix? OK so a better description I'll add relevant screen-shots Whats happening is /* file.class.php */ <?php $file = new file(); class file{ var $path = "templates/clean"; var $ext = "tpl"; function loadfile($filename){ return file_get_contents($this->path . "/" . $filename . "." . $this->ext); } function setcontent($content,$newcontent,$vartoreplace='#CONTENT#'){ $val = str_replace($vartoreplace,$newcontent,$content); return $val; } function p($content) { $v = $content; $v = str_replace('#CONTENT#','',$v); print $v; } } if(!isset($_GET['page'])){ // if not, lets load our index page(you can change home.php to whatever you want: include("main.txt"); // else $_GET['page'] was set so lets do stuff: } else { // lets first check if the file exists: if(file_exists($_GET['page'].'.txt')){ // and lets include that then: include($_GET['page'].'.txt'); // sorry mate, could not find it: } else { echo 'Sorry, could not find <strong>' . $_GET['page'] .'.txt</strong>'; } } ?> is calling for a file_get_contents at the bottom which I use in /* index.php */ <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <?php include('classes/file.class.php'); // load the templates $header = $file->loadfile('header'); $body = $file->loadfile('body'); $footer = $file->loadfile('footer'); // fill body.tpl #CONTENT# slot with $content $body = $file->setcontent($body, $content); // cleanup and output the full page $file->p($header . $body . $footer); ?> and loads into /* body.tpl */ <div id="bodys"> <div id="bodt"></div> <div id="bodm"> <div id="contents"> #CONTENT# </div> </div> <div id="bodb"></div> </div> but the issue is as follows the $content loads properly img tags etc <h2> tags etc but CSS styling is TOTALY ignored for position width z-index etc. and as follows here's the screen-shot My Firefox Showing The Problem In Action REPOSTED DUE TO PEOPLE NOT HELPING AND JUST BEING ARROGANT AND GIVING NEGATIVE VOTES and not even saying a word. DO NOT COMMENT UNLESS YOU PLAN TO HELP god I'm a beginner and with you people giving me bad reviews this won't make me help you out when the chance comes.

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• What's wrong with my destructor?

  - by Ahmed Sharara

  // Sparse Array Assignment.cpp : Defines the entry point for the console application. // #include "stdafx.h" #include<iostream> using namespace std; struct node{ int row; int col; int value; node* next_in_row; node* next_in_col; }; class MultiLinkedListSparseArray { private: char *logfile; node** rowPtr; node** colPtr; // used in constructor node* find_node(node* out); node* ins_node(node* ins,int col); node* in_node(node* ins,node* z); node* get(node* in,int row,int col); bool exist(node* so,int row,int col); node* dummy; int rowd,cold; //add anything you need public: MultiLinkedListSparseArray(int rows, int cols); ~MultiLinkedListSparseArray(); void setCell(int row, int col, int value); int getCell(int row, int col); void display(); void log(char *s); void dump(); }; MultiLinkedListSparseArray::MultiLinkedListSparseArray(int rows,int cols){ rowPtr=new node* [rows+1]; colPtr=new node* [cols+1]; for(int n=0;n<=rows;n++) rowPtr[n]=NULL; for(int i=0;i<=cols;i++) colPtr[i]=NULL; rowd=rows;cold=cols; } MultiLinkedListSparseArray::~MultiLinkedListSparseArray(){ cout<<"array is deleted"<<endl; for(int i=rowd;i>=0;i--){ for(int j=cold;j>=0;j--){ if(exist(rowPtr[i],i,j)) delete get(rowPtr[i],i,j); } } // it stops in the last loop & doesnt show the done word cout<<"done"<<endl; delete [] rowPtr; delete [] colPtr; delete dummy; } void MultiLinkedListSparseArray::log(char *s){ logfile=s; } void MultiLinkedListSparseArray::setCell(int row,int col,int value){ if(exist(rowPtr[row],row,col)){ (*get(rowPtr[row],row,col)).value=value; } else{ if(rowPtr[row]==NULL){ rowPtr[row]=new node; (*rowPtr[row]).value=value; (*rowPtr[row]).row=row; (*rowPtr[row]).col=col; (*rowPtr[row]).next_in_row=NULL; (*rowPtr[row]).next_in_col=NULL; } else if((*find_node(rowPtr[row])).col<col){ node* out; out=find_node(rowPtr[row]); (*out).next_in_row=new node; (*((*out).next_in_row)).col=col; (*((*out).next_in_row)).row=row; (*((*out).next_in_row)).value=value; (*((*out).next_in_row)).next_in_row=NULL; } else if((*find_node(rowPtr[row])).col>col){ node* ins; ins=in_node(rowPtr[row],ins_node(rowPtr[row],col)); node* g=(*ins).next_in_row; (*ins).next_in_row=new node; (*((*ins).next_in_row)).col=col; (*(*ins).next_in_row).row=row; (*(*ins).next_in_row).value=value; (*(*ins).next_in_row).next_in_row=g; } } } int MultiLinkedListSparseArray::getCell(int row,int col){ return (*get(rowPtr[row],row,col)).value; } void MultiLinkedListSparseArray::display(){ for(int i=1;i<=5;i++){ for(int j=1;j<=5;j++){ if(exist(rowPtr[i],i,j)) cout<<(*get(rowPtr[i],i,j)).value<<" "; else cout<<"0"<<" "; } cout<<endl; } } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::find_node(node* out) { while((*out).next_in_row!=NULL) out=(*out).next_in_row; return out; } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::ins_node(node* ins,int col){ while(!((*ins).col>col)) ins=(*ins).next_in_row; return ins; } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::in_node(node* ins,node* z){ while((*ins).next_in_row!=z) ins=(*ins).next_in_col; return ins; } node* MultiLinkedListSparseArray::get(node* in,int row,int col){ dummy=new node; dummy->value=0; while((*in).col!=col){ if((*in).next_in_row==NULL){ return dummy; } in=(*in).next_in_row; } return in; } bool MultiLinkedListSparseArray::exist(node* so,int row,int col){ if(so==NULL) return false; else{ while((*so).col!=col){ if((*so).next_in_row==NULL) return false; else so=(*so).next_in_row; } return true; } }

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• Core Animation bad access on device

  - by user1595102

  I'm trying to do a frame by frame animation with CAlayers. I'm doing this with this tutorial http://mysterycoconut.com/blog/2011/01/cag1/ but everything works with disable ARC, when I'm try to rewrite code with ARC, it's works on simulator perfectly but on device I got a bad access memory. Layer Class interface #import <Foundation/Foundation.h> #import <QuartzCore/QuartzCore.h> @interface MCSpriteLayer : CALayer { unsigned int sampleIndex; } // SampleIndex needs to be > 0 @property (readwrite, nonatomic) unsigned int sampleIndex; // For use with sample rects set by the delegate + (id)layerWithImage:(CGImageRef)img; - (id)initWithImage:(CGImageRef)img; // If all samples are the same size + (id)layerWithImage:(CGImageRef)img sampleSize:(CGSize)size; - (id)initWithImage:(CGImageRef)img sampleSize:(CGSize)size; // Use this method instead of sprite.sampleIndex to obtain the index currently displayed on screen - (unsigned int)currentSampleIndex; @end Layer Class implementation @implementation MCSpriteLayer @synthesize sampleIndex; - (id)initWithImage:(CGImageRef)img; { self = [super init]; if (self != nil) { self.contents = (__bridge id)img; sampleIndex = 1; } return self; } + (id)layerWithImage:(CGImageRef)img; { MCSpriteLayer *layer = [(MCSpriteLayer*)[self alloc] initWithImage:img]; return layer ; } - (id)initWithImage:(CGImageRef)img sampleSize:(CGSize)size; { self = [self initWithImage:img]; if (self != nil) { CGSize sampleSizeNormalized = CGSizeMake(size.width/CGImageGetWidth(img), size.height/CGImageGetHeight(img)); self.bounds = CGRectMake( 0, 0, size.width, size.height ); self.contentsRect = CGRectMake( 0, 0, sampleSizeNormalized.width, sampleSizeNormalized.height ); } return self; } + (id)layerWithImage:(CGImageRef)img sampleSize:(CGSize)size; { MCSpriteLayer *layer = [[self alloc] initWithImage:img sampleSize:size]; return layer; } + (BOOL)needsDisplayForKey:(NSString *)key; { return [key isEqualToString:@"sampleIndex"]; } // contentsRect or bounds changes are not animated + (id < CAAction >)defaultActionForKey:(NSString *)aKey; { if ([aKey isEqualToString:@"contentsRect"] || [aKey isEqualToString:@"bounds"]) return (id < CAAction >)[NSNull null]; return [super defaultActionForKey:aKey]; } - (unsigned int)currentSampleIndex; { return ((MCSpriteLayer*)[self presentationLayer]).sampleIndex; } // Implement displayLayer: on the delegate to override how sample rectangles are calculated; remember to use currentSampleIndex, ignore sampleIndex == 0, and set the layer's bounds - (void)display; { if ([self.delegate respondsToSelector:@selector(displayLayer:)]) { [self.delegate displayLayer:self]; return; } unsigned int currentSampleIndex = [self currentSampleIndex]; if (!currentSampleIndex) return; CGSize sampleSize = self.contentsRect.size; self.contentsRect = CGRectMake( ((currentSampleIndex - 1) % (int)(1/sampleSize.width)) * sampleSize.width, ((currentSampleIndex - 1) / (int)(1/sampleSize.width)) * sampleSize.height, sampleSize.width, sampleSize.height ); } @end I create the layer on viewDidAppear and start animate by clicking on button, but after init I got a bad access error -(void)viewDidAppear:(BOOL)animated { [super viewDidAppear:animated]; NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"mama_default.png" ofType:nil]; CGImageRef richterImg = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:path].CGImage; CGSize fixedSize = animacja.frame.size; NSLog(@"wid: %f, heigh: %f", animacja.frame.size.width, animacja.frame.size.height); NSLog(@"%f", animacja.frame.size.width); richter = [MCSpriteLayer layerWithImage:richterImg sampleSize:fixedSize]; animacja.hidden = 1; richter.position = animacja.center; [self.view.layer addSublayer:richter]; } -(IBAction)animacja:(id)sender { if ([richter animationForKey:@"sampleIndex"]) {NSLog(@"jest"); } if (! [richter animationForKey:@"sampleIndex"]) { CABasicAnimation *anim = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"sampleIndex"]; anim.fromValue = [NSNumber numberWithInt:0]; anim.toValue = [NSNumber numberWithInt:22]; anim.duration = 4; anim.repeatCount = 1; [richter addAnimation:anim forKey:@"sampleIndex"]; } } Have you got any idea how to fix it? Thanks a lot.

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• Table not Echoing out if another Table has a Zero value

  - by John

  Hello, The table below with mysql_query($sqlStr3) (the one with the word "Joined" in its row) does not echo if the result associated with mysql_query($sqlStr1) has a value of zero. This happens even if mysql_query($sqlStr3) returns a result. In other words, if a given loginid has an entry in the table "login", but not one in the table "submission", then the table associated with mysql_query($sqlStr3) does not echo. I don't understand why the "submission" table would have any effect on mysql_query($sqlStr3), since the $sqlStr3 only deals with another table, called "login", as seen below. Any ideas why this is happening? Thanks in advance, John W. <?php echo '<div class="profilename">User Profile for </div>'; echo '<div class="profilename2">'.$profile.'</div>'; $tzFrom = new DateTimeZone('America/New_York'); $tzTo = new DateTimeZone('America/Phoenix'); $profile = mysql_real_escape_string($_GET['profile']); $sqlStr = "SELECT l.username, l.loginid, s.loginid, s.submissionid, s.title, s.url, s.datesubmitted, s.displayurl FROM submission AS s INNER JOIN login AS l ON s.loginid = l.loginid WHERE l.username = '$profile' ORDER BY s.datesubmitted DESC"; $result = mysql_query($sqlStr); $arr = array(); echo "<table class=\"samplesrec1\">"; while ($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { $dt = new DateTime($row["datesubmitted"], $tzFrom); $dt->setTimezone($tzTo); echo '<tr>'; echo '<td class="sitename3">'.$dt->format('F j, Y &\nb\sp &\nb\sp g:i a').'</a></td>'; echo '<td class="sitename1"><a href="http://www.'.$row["url"].'">'.$row["title"].'</a></td>'; echo '</tr>'; } echo "</table>"; $sqlStr1 = "SELECT l.username, l.loginid, s.loginid, s.submissionid, s.title, s.url, s.datesubmitted, s.displayurl, l.created, count(s.submissionid) countSubmissions FROM submission AS s INNER JOIN login AS l ON s.loginid = l.loginid WHERE l.username = '$profile'"; $result1 = mysql_query($sqlStr1); $arr1 = array(); echo "<table class=\"samplesrec2\">"; while ($row1 = mysql_fetch_array($result1)) { echo '<tr>'; echo '<td class="sitename5">Submissions: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$row1["countSubmissions"].'</td>'; echo '</tr>'; } echo "</table>"; $sqlStr2 = "SELECT l.username, l.loginid, c.loginid, c.commentid, c.submissionid, c.comment, c.datecommented, l.created, count(c.commentid) countComments FROM comment AS c INNER JOIN login AS l ON c.loginid = l.loginid WHERE l.username = '$profile'"; $result2 = mysql_query($sqlStr2); $arr2 = array(); echo "<table class=\"samplesrec3\">"; while ($row2 = mysql_fetch_array($result2)) { echo '<tr>'; echo '<td class="sitename5">Comments: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$row2["countComments"].'</td>'; echo '</tr>'; } echo "</table>"; $tzFrom3 = new DateTimeZone('America/New_York'); $tzTo3 = new DateTimeZone('America/Phoenix'); $sqlStr3 = "SELECT created, username FROM login WHERE username = '$profile'"; $result3 = mysql_query($sqlStr3); $arr3 = array(); echo "<table class=\"samplesrec4\">"; while ($row3 = mysql_fetch_array($result3)) { $dt3 = new DateTime($row3["created"], $tzFrom3); $dt3->setTimezone($tzTo3); echo '<tr>'; echo '<td class="sitename5">Joined: &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;'.$dt->format('F j, Y').'</td>'; echo '</tr>'; } echo "</table>"; ?> </body> </html>

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• Need help getting DIV inside DIV to stretch to width of contents in Firefox

  - by bj.

  I am using a layout similar to the one from Dynamic Drive here: http://www.dynamicdrive.com/style/layouts/item/css-right-frame-layout/ The main content area (white) has overflow set to auto. I have given the innerTube inside this main content area a border. However if the contents within this innerTube are greater than the width of the main content area, a horizontal scroll bar will appear as expected, but in Firefox these contents will 'overlap' the border and go off screen (can be retrieved by scrolling horizontally). In other words, the right hand border remains in place, and the content just goes over the op of it, and disappears behind the right hand column. In IE it behaves exactly as I want - the content pushes the border off screen to be visible only once you scroll over there. I guess the easiest thing is to paste the source code here. If you copy it into a blank file you'll see what I mean. I've just used one really long word to replicate what happens if a wide image is there instead. Thanks in advance to anyone who can help me out. <!--Force IE6 into quirks mode with this comment tag--> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en" xml:lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <style type="text/css"> body{ margin: 0; padding: 0; border: 0; overflow: hidden; height: 100%; max-height: 100%; } #framecontent{ position: absolute; top: 0; bottom: 0; right: 0; width: 200px; /*Width of frame div*/ height: 100%; overflow: hidden; /*Disable scrollbars. Set to "scroll" to enable*/ background: #cccccc; color: white; } #maincontent{ position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; right: 200px; /*Set right value to WidthOfFrameDiv*/ bottom: 0; overflow: auto; background: #fff; } .innertube{ margin: 15px; /*Margins for inner DIV inside each DIV (to provide padding)*/ } .innertubeWithBorder { margin: 15px; border: solid 1px #666666; } * html body{ /*IE6 hack*/ padding: 0 200px 0 0; /*Set value to (0 WidthOfFrameDiv 0 0)*/ } * html #maincontent{ /*IE6 hack*/ height: 100%; width: 100%; } </style> </head> <body> <div id="framecontent"> <div class="innertube"> <h1>CSS Right Frame Layout</h1> <h3>Sample text here</h3> </div> </div> <div id="maincontent"> <div class="innertubeWithBorder"> <h1>Dynamic Drive CSS Library</h1> <p>AReallyLongWordWhichIsSimilarToHavingAnImageWithWidthGreaterThanTheWidthOfThisDivToShowOverFlowProblemWithBorderSoIfYouResizeThisWindowNarrowerYouWillSeeWhatIMeanWorksFineInIEButNotFirefox</p> <p>So I want that border over there ------> to dissappear behind the right hand column like it does in IE, and be visible once you use the scrollbar below and scroll to the right</p> <p style="text-align: center">Credits: <a href="http://www.dynamicdrive.com/style/">Dynamic Drive CSS Library</a></p> </div> </div> </body> </html>

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• strange array in php

  - by tunpishuang

  here i wrote a function , it's general purpose is to get an array of the depIds under the parent root $depId. i use recursion method to get the array. public function getEmpsByDep($depId){ $query = "select * from ".SQLPREFIX."department where id_parent=".$depId; $stmt=$this->db->query($query); while(($row=$this->db->fetch_assoc($stmt))==true) { if($this->hasChildNode($row['DEPID'])) { $depId = $row['DEPID']; self::getEmpsByDep($depId); } else { $arr[]=$row['DEPID']; } } return ($arr); } while i think it should return a 1D array of the depid.but it return a strange 2D array like this: array(4) { [0]=> string(2) "11" [1]=> string(2) "12" [2]=> string(2) "13" [3]=> string(2) "14" } array(3) { [0]=> string(2) "19" [1]=> string(2) "20" [2]=> string(2) "21" } array(3) { [0]=> string(2) "15" [1]=> string(2) "16" [2]=> string(2) "17" } array(8) { [0]=> string(1) "2" [1]=> string(1) "4" [2]=> string(1) "5" [3]=> string(1) "6" [4]=> string(1) "7" [5]=> string(1) "8" [6]=> string(1) "9" [7]=> string(2) "10" } here is the table structure and data sample: $query[]="create table ".$sqltblpre."department( depId number(10) not null primary key, depName varchar2(50) not null, id_parent number(10) )"; //department(?????) $index=1; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',0)"; //1 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //2 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //3 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //4 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //5 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',0)"; //6 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'?????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'????',0)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',1)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',3)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',3)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',3)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',3)"; //18 $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',18)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'???',18)"; $query[] = "INSERT INTO ".$sqltblpre."department values(".$index++.",'??',18)"; so in a word, how can i get the 1D array thought the right code of this function?

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• c windows connect() fails. error 10049

  - by Joshua Moore

  The following two pieces of code compile, but I get a connect() failed error on the client side. (compiled with MinGW). Client Code: // thanks to cs.baylor.edu/~donahoo/practical/CSockets/code/TCPEchoClientWS.c #include <stdio.h> #include <winsock.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define RCVBUFSIZE 32 // size of receive buffer void DieWithError(char *errorMessage); int main(int argc, char* argv[]) { int sock; struct sockaddr_in echoServAddr; unsigned short echoServPort; char *servIP; char *echoString; char echoBuffer[RCVBUFSIZE]; int echoStringLen; int bytesRcvd, totalBytesRcvd; WSAData wsaData; if((argc < 3) || (argc > 4)){ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <Sever IP> <Echo Word> [<Echo Port>]\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } if (argc==4) echoServPort = atoi(argv[3]); // use given port if any else echoServPort = 7; // echo is well-known port for echo service if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsaData) != 0){ // load winsock 2.0 dll fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup() failed"); exit(1); } // create reliable, stream socket using tcp if((sock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) < 0) DieWithError("socket() failed"); // construct the server address structure memset(&echoServAddr, 0, sizeof(echoServAddr)); echoServAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; echoServAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(servIP); // server IP address echoServAddr.sin_port = htons(echoServPort); // establish connection to the echo server if(connect(sock, (struct sockaddr*)&echoServAddr, sizeof(echoServAddr)) < 0) DieWithError("connect() failed"); echoStringLen = strlen(echoString); // determine input length // send the string, includeing the null terminator to the server if(send(sock, echoString, echoStringLen, 0)!= echoStringLen) DieWithError("send() sent a different number of bytes than expected"); totalBytesRcvd = 0; printf("Received: "); // setup to print the echoed string while(totalBytesRcvd < echoStringLen){ // receive up to the buffer size (minus 1 to leave space for a null terminator) bytes from the sender if(bytesRcvd = recv(sock, echoBuffer, RCVBUFSIZE-1, 0) <= 0) DieWithError("recv() failed or connection closed prematurely"); totalBytesRcvd += bytesRcvd; // keep tally of total bytes echoBuffer[bytesRcvd] = '\0'; printf("%s", echoBuffer); // print the echo buffer } printf("\n"); closesocket(sock); WSACleanup(); exit(0); } void DieWithError(char *errorMessage) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %d\n", errorMessage, WSAGetLastError()); exit(1); } Server Code: // thanks cs.baylor.edu/~donahoo/practical/CSockets/code/TCPEchoServerWS.c #include <stdio.h> #include <winsock.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAXPENDING 5 // maximum outstanding connection requests #define RCVBUFSIZE 1000 void DieWithError(char *errorMessage); void HandleTCPClient(int clntSocket); // tcp client handling function int main(int argc, char **argv) { int serverSock; int clientSock; struct sockaddr_in echoServerAddr; struct sockaddr_in echoClientAddr; unsigned short echoServerPort; int clientLen; // length of client address data structure WSAData wsaData; if (argc!=2){ fprintf(stderr, "Usage: %s <Server Port>\n", argv[0]); exit(1); } echoServerPort = atoi(argv[1]); if(WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2, 0), &wsaData)!=0){ fprintf(stderr, "WSAStartup() failed"); exit(1); } // create socket for incoming connections if((serverSock=socket(PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP))<0) DieWithError("socket() failed"); // construct local address structure memset(&echoServerAddr, 0, sizeof(echoServerAddr)); echoServerAddr.sin_family = AF_INET; echoServerAddr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY); // any incoming interface echoServerAddr.sin_port = htons(echoServerPort); // local port // bind to the local address if(bind(serverSock, (struct sockaddr*)&echoServerAddr, sizeof(echoServerAddr) )<0) DieWithError("bind() failed"); // mark the socket so it will listen for incoming connections if(listen(serverSock, MAXPENDING)<0) DieWithError("listen() failed"); for (;;){ // run forever // set the size of the in-out parameter clientLen = sizeof(echoClientAddr); // wait for a client to connect if((clientSock = accept(serverSock, (struct sockaddr*)&echoClientAddr, &clientLen)) < 0) DieWithError("accept() failed"); // clientSock is connected to a client printf("Handling client %s\n", inet_ntoa(echoClientAddr.sin_addr)); HandleTCPClient(clientSock); } // NOT REACHED } void DieWithError(char *errorMessage) { fprintf(stderr, "%s: %d\n", errorMessage, WSAGetLastError()); exit(1); } void HandleTCPClient(int clientSocket) { char echoBuffer[RCVBUFSIZE]; // buffer for echostring int recvMsgSize; // size of received message // receive message from client if((recvMsgSize = recv(clientSocket, echoBuffer, RCVBUFSIZE, 0) <0)) DieWithError("recv() failed"); // send received string and receive again until end of transmission while(recvMsgSize > 0){ // echo message back to client if(send(clientSocket, echoBuffer, recvMsgSize, 0)!=recvMsgSize) DieWithError("send() failed"); // see if there's more data to receive if((recvMsgSize = recv(clientSocket, echoBuffer, RCVBUFSIZE, 0)) <0) DieWithError("recv() failed"); } closesocket(clientSocket); // close client socket } How can I fix this?

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• Center footer fixed at the bottom IE

  - by Mirko

  I am coding a web interface for a University project and I have been dealing with this issue: I want my footer fixed at the bottom so it is in place no matter which screen I am using or if I toggle the full screen mode It works in all the other browsers except IE7 (I do not have to support previous versions) HTML <div id="menu"> <a href="information.html" rel="shadowbox;height=500;width=650" title="INFORMATION" > <img src="images/info.png" alt="information icon" /> </a> <a href="images/bricks_of_destiny.jpg" rel="shadowbox[gallery]" title="IMAGES" > <img src="images/image.png" alt="image icon" /> </a> <a href="music_player.swf" title="MUSIC" rel="shadowbox;height=400;width=600" > <img src="images/music.png" alt="music icon" /> </a> <a href="#" title="MOVIES"><img src="images/television.png" alt="movies icon" /></a> <a href="quotes.html" title="QUOTES" rel="shadowbox;height=300;width=650" > <img src="images/male_user.png" alt="male user icon" /> </a> <a href="#" title="REFERENCES"> <img src="images/search_globe.png" alt="search globe icon" /> </a> </div> <a href="images/destiny_1.jpg" rel="shadowbox[gallery]" title="IMAGES"></a> <a href="images/destiny_carma_jewell.jpg" rel="shadowbox[gallery]" title="IMAGES"></a> <a href="images/destiny-joan-marie.jpg" rel="shadowbox[gallery]" title="IMAGES"></a> <a href="images/pursuing_destiny.jpg" rel="shadowbox[gallery]" title="IMAGES"></a> <div class="clear"></div> <div id="destiny"> Discover more about the word <span class="strong">DESTINY </span>! Click one of the icon above! (F11 Toggle Full / Standard screen) </div> <div id="footer"> <ul id="breadcrumbs"> <li>Disclaimer</li> <li> | Icons by: <a href="http://dryicons.com/" rel="shadowbox">dryicons.com</a></li> <li> | Website by: <a href="http://www.eezzyweb.com/" rel="shadowbox">eezzyweb</a></li> <li> | <a href="http://jquery.com/" rel="shadowbox">jQuery</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> CSS: #wrapper{ text-align:center; margin:0 auto; width:750px; height:430px; border:1px solid #fff; } #menu{ position:relative; margin:0 auto; top:350px; width:450px; height:60px; } #destiny{ position:relative; top:380px; color:#FFF; font-size:1.5em; font-weight:bold; border:1px solid #fff; } #breadcrumbs{ list-style:none; } #breadcrumbs li{ display:inline; color:#FFF; } #footer{ position:absolute; width:750px; height:60px; margin:0 auto; text-align:center; border:1px solid #fff; bottom:0; } .clear{ clear:both; } The white borders are there only for debugging purposes The application is hosted at http://www.eezzyweb.com/destiny/ Any suggestion is appreciated

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• Abstracting the adding of click events to elements selected by class using jQuery

  - by baroquedub

  I'm slowly getting up to speed with jQuery and am starting to want to abstract my code. I'm running into problems trying to define click events at page load. In the code below, I'm trying to run through each div with the 'block' class and add events to some of its child elements by selecting them by class: <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function (){ $('HTML').addClass('JS'); // if JS enabled, hide answers $(".block").each(function() { problem = $(this).children('.problem'); button = $(this).children('.showButton'); problem.data('currentState', 'off'); button.click(function() { if ((problem.data('currentState')) == 'off'){ button.children('.btn').html('Hide'); problem.data('currentState', 'on'); problem.fadeIn('slow'); } else if ((problem.data('currentState')) == 'on'){ button.children('.btn').html('Solve'); problem.data('currentState', 'off'); problem.fadeOut('fast'); } return false; }); }); }); </script> <style media="all" type="text/css"> .JS div.problem{display:none;} </style> <div class="block"> <div class="showButton"> <a href="#" title="Show solution" class="btn">Solve</a> </div> <div class="problem"> <p>Answer 1</p> </div> </div> <div class="block"> <div class="showButton"> <a href="#" title="Show solution" class="btn">Solve</a> </div> <div class="problem"> <p>Answer 2</p> </div> </div> Unfortunately using this, only the last of the divs' button actually works. The event is not 'localised' (if that's the right word for it?) i.e. the event is only applied to the last $(".block") in the each method. So I have to laboriously add ids for each element and define my click events one by one. Surely there's a better way! Can anyone tell me what I'm doing wrong? And how I can get rid of the need for those IDs (I want this to work on dynamically generated pages where I might not know how many 'blocks' there are...) <script language="javascript" type="text/javascript"> $(document).ready(function (){ $('HTML').addClass('JS'); // if JS enabled, hide answers // Preferred version DOESN'T' WORK // So have to add ids to each element and laboriously set-up each one in turn... $('#problem1').data('currentState', 'off'); $('#showButton1').click(function() { if (($('#problem1').data('currentState')) == 'off'){ $('#showButton1 > a').html('Hide'); $('#problem1').data('currentState', 'on'); $('#problem1').fadeIn('slow'); } else if (($('#problem1').data('currentState')) == 'on'){ $('#showButton1 > a').html('Solve'); $('#problem1').data('currentState', 'off'); $('#problem1').fadeOut('fast'); } return false; }); $('#problem2').data('currentState', 'off'); $('#showButton2').click(function() { if (($('#problem2').data('currentState')) == 'off'){ $('#showButton2 > a').html('Hide'); $('#problem2').data('currentState', 'on'); $('#problem2').fadeIn('slow'); } else if (($('#problem2').data('currentState')) == 'on'){ $('#showButton2 > a').html('Solve'); $('#problem2').data('currentState', 'off'); $('#problem2').fadeOut('fast'); } return false; }); }); </script> <style media="all" type="text/css"> .JS div.problem{display:none;} </style> <div class="block"> <div class="showButton" id="showButton1"> <a href="#" title="Show solution" class="btn">Solve</a> </div> <div class="problem" id="problem1"> <p>Answer 1</p> </div> </div> <div class="block"> <div class="showButton" id="showButton2"> <a href="#" title="Show solution" class="btn">Solve</a> </div> <div class="problem" id="problem2"> <p>Answer 2</p> </div> </div>

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• Error when call 'qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);'

  - by smalltalk1960s

  Hi all, I make a content provider named 'DictionaryProvider' (Based on NotepadProvider). When my program run to command 'qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy);', error happen. I don't know how to fix. please help me. Below is my code // file main calling DictionnaryProvider @Override public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.dictionary); final String[] PROJECTION = new String[] { DicColumns._ID, // 0 DicColumns.KEY_WORD, // 1 DicColumns.KEY_DEFINITION // 2 }; Cursor c = managedQuery(DicColumns.CONTENT_URI, PROJECTION, null, null, DicColumns.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER); String str = ""; if (c.moveToFirst()) { int wordColumn = c.getColumnIndex("KEY_WORD"); int defColumn = c.getColumnIndex("KEY_DEFINITION"); do { // Get the field values str = ""; str += c.getString(wordColumn); str +="\n"; str +=c.getString(defColumn); } while (c.moveToNext()); } Toast.makeText(this, str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } // file DictionaryProvider.java package com.example.helloandroid; import java.util.HashMap; import android.content.ContentProvider; import android.content.ContentValues; import android.content.UriMatcher; import android.database.Cursor; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteDatabase; import android.database.sqlite.SQLiteQueryBuilder; import android.net.Uri; import android.text.TextUtils; import com.example.helloandroid.Dictionary.DicColumns; public class DictionaryProvider extends ContentProvider { //private static final String TAG = "DictionaryProvider"; private DictionaryOpenHelper dbdic; static final int DATABASE_VERSION = 1; static final String DICTIONARY_DATABASE_NAME = "dictionarydb"; static final String DICTIONARY_TABLE_NAME = "dictionary"; private static final UriMatcher sUriMatcher; private static HashMap<String, String> sDicProjectionMap; @Override public int delete(Uri arg0, String arg1, String[] arg2) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } @Override public String getType(Uri arg0) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public Uri insert(Uri arg0, ContentValues arg1) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return null; } @Override public boolean onCreate() { // TODO Auto-generated method stub dbdic = new DictionaryOpenHelper(getContext(), DICTIONARY_DATABASE_NAME, null, DATABASE_VERSION); return true; } @Override public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection, String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) { SQLiteQueryBuilder qb = new SQLiteQueryBuilder(); qb.setTables(DICTIONARY_TABLE_NAME); switch (sUriMatcher.match(uri)) { case 1: qb.setProjectionMap(sDicProjectionMap); break; case 2: qb.setProjectionMap(sDicProjectionMap); qb.appendWhere(DicColumns._ID + "=" + uri.getPathSegments().get(1)); break; default: throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unknown URI " + uri); } // If no sort order is specified use the default String orderBy; if (TextUtils.isEmpty(sortOrder)) { orderBy = DicColumns.DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER; } else { orderBy = sortOrder; } // Get the database and run the query SQLiteDatabase db = dbdic.getReadableDatabase(); Cursor c = qb.query(db, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, orderBy); // Tell the cursor what uri to watch, so it knows when its source data changes c.setNotificationUri(getContext().getContentResolver(), uri); return c; } @Override public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) { // TODO Auto-generated method stub return 0; } static { sUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH); sUriMatcher.addURI(Dictionary.AUTHORITY, "dictionary", 1); sUriMatcher.addURI(Dictionary.AUTHORITY, "dictionary/#", 2); sDicProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); sDicProjectionMap.put(DicColumns._ID, DicColumns._ID); sDicProjectionMap.put(DicColumns.KEY_WORD, DicColumns.KEY_WORD); sDicProjectionMap.put(DicColumns.KEY_DEFINITION, DicColumns.KEY_DEFINITION); // Support for Live Folders. /*sLiveFolderProjectionMap = new HashMap<String, String>(); sLiveFolderProjectionMap.put(LiveFolders._ID, NoteColumns._ID + " AS " + LiveFolders._ID); sLiveFolderProjectionMap.put(LiveFolders.NAME, NoteColumns.TITLE + " AS " + LiveFolders.NAME);*/ // Add more columns here for more robust Live Folders. } } // file Dictionary.java package com.example.helloandroid; import android.net.Uri; import android.provider.BaseColumns; /** * Convenience definitions for DictionaryProvider */ public final class Dictionary { public static final String AUTHORITY = "com.example.helloandroid.provider.Dictionary"; // This class cannot be instantiated private Dictionary() {} /** * Dictionary table */ public static final class DicColumns implements BaseColumns { // This class cannot be instantiated private DicColumns() {} /** * The content:// style URL for this table */ public static final Uri CONTENT_URI = Uri.parse("content://" + AUTHORITY + "/dictionary"); /** * The MIME type of {@link #CONTENT_URI} providing a directory of notes. */ //public static final String CONTENT_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.dir/vnd.google.note"; /** * The MIME type of a {@link #CONTENT_URI} sub-directory of a single note. */ //public static final String CONTENT_ITEM_TYPE = "vnd.android.cursor.item/vnd.google.note"; /** * The default sort order for this table */ public static final String DEFAULT_SORT_ORDER = "modified DESC"; /** * The key_word of the dictionary * <P>Type: TEXT</P> */ public static final String KEY_WORD = "KEY_WORD"; /** * The key_definition of word * <P>Type: TEXT</P> */ public static final String KEY_DEFINITION = "KEY_DEFINITION"; } } thanks so much

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• Inconsistent results in R with RNetCDF - why?

  - by sarcozona

  I am having trouble extracting data from NetCDF data files using RNetCDF. The data files each have 3 dimensions (longitude, latitude, and a date) and 3 variables (latitude, longitude, and a climate variable). There are four datasets, each with a different climate variable. Here is some of the output from print.nc(p8m.tmax) for clarity. The other datasets are identical except for the specific climate variable. dimensions: month = UNLIMITED ; // (1368 currently) lat = 3105 ; lon = 7025 ; variables: float lat(lat) ; lat:long_name = "latitude" ; lat:standard_name = "latitude" ; lat:units = "degrees_north" ; float lon(lon) ; lon:long_name = "longitude" ; lon:standard_name = "longitude" ; lon:units = "degrees_east" ; short tmax(lon, lat, month) ; tmax:missing_value = -9999 ; tmax:_FillValue = -9999 ; tmax:units = "degree_celsius" ; tmax:scale_factor = 0.01 ; tmax:valid_min = -5000 ; tmax:valid_max = 6000 ; I am getting behavior I don't understand when I use the var.get.nc function from the RNetCDF package. For example, when I attempt to extract 82 values beginning at stval from the maximum temperature data (p8m.tmax <- open.nc(tmaxdataset.nc)) with > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,82)) (where lon_val and lat_val specify the location in the dataset of the coordinates I'm interested in and stval is stval is set to which(time_vec==200201), which in this case equaled 1285.) I get Error: Invalid argument But after successfully extracting 80 and 81 values > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,80)) > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,81)) the command with 82 works: > var.get.nc(p8m.tmax,'tmax', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,82)) [1] 444 866 1063 ... [output snipped] The same problem occurs in the identically structured tmin file, but at 36 instead of 82: > var.get.nc(p8m.tmin,'tmin', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval),count=c(1,1,36)) produces Error: Invalid argument But after repeating with counts of 30, 31, etc > var.get.nc(p8m.tmin,'tmin', start=c(lon_val, lat_val, stval), count=c(1,1,36)) works. These examples make it seem like the function is failing at the last count, but that actually isn't the case. In the first example, var.get.nc gave Error: Invalid argument after I asked for 84 values. I then narrowed the failure down to the 82nd count by varying the starting point in the dataset and asking for only 1 value at a time. The particular number the problem occurs at also varies. I can close and reopen the dataset and have the problem occur at a different location. In the particular examples above, lon_val and lat_val are 1595 and 1751, respectively, identifying the location in the dataset along the lat and lon dimensions for the latitude and longitude I'm interested in. The 1595th latitude and 1751th longitude are not the problem, however. The problem occurs with all other latitude and longitudes I've tried. Varying the starting location in the dataset along the climate variable dimension (stval) and/or specifying it different (as a number in the command instead of the object stval) also does not fix the problem. This problem doesn't always occur. I can run identical code three times in a row (clearing all objects in between runs) and get a different outcome each time. The first run may choke on the 7th entry I'm trying to get, the second might work fine, and the third run might choke on the 83rd entry. I'm absolutely baffled by such inconsistent behavior. The open.nc function has also started to fail with the same Error: Invalid argument. Like the var.get.nc problems, it also occurs inconsistently. Does anyone know what causes the initial failure to extract the variable? And how I might prevent it? Could have to do with the size of the data files (~60GB each) and/or the fact that I'm accessing them through networked drives? This was also asked here: https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2011-June/281233.html > sessionInfo() R version 2.13.0 (2011-04-13) Platform: i386-pc-mingw32/i386 (32-bit) locale: [1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.1252 LC_CTYPE=English_United States.1252 [3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.1252 LC_NUMERIC=C [5] LC_TIME=English_United States.1252 attached base packages: [1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base other attached packages: [1] reshape_0.8.4 plyr_1.5.2 RNetCDF_1.5.2-2 loaded via a namespace (and not attached): [1] tools_2.13.0

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• seeking help with Chrome & Safari not rendering my table stretched to fit its contents...help?

  - by oompa_l

  I have an element on this web page I'm developing where I need my text to conform to the width of an image above it - whose width will always be different - think of captions. I have found numerous references to using a 1px table to force this width sizing behaviour. I am having problems, though with Safari and Chrome "seeing" this instruction - the text ends up as a marginally sized text box sitting behind the image. The problem, as I see it, has to do with the text and images sitting in div's nested within the table. I need the images to sit in a div because of some jquery script I'm using called cycle, which turns a group of images into a slideshow. The problem may have something to do with the script as well. In any case, I have tried a seeming infinite number of combination of floating left and clearing left on all all the divs, changing their positions and widths...nothing works. Anyone have any clues about how to broach this one? EDIT 1: ok, should I be editing my post or responding with answers? here's the url to see the problem I am having - http://friedmanstudios.ca/webdev/test8.html and the code: <div id="content" class="boxes"> <table> <tr> <td > <div id="imageFrame"> <a href="#" class="img" title="_MG_9786_fmt.jpeg"> <img src="images/_MG_9786_fmt.jpeg"/> </a> <a href="#" class="img" title="IMG_5169_fmt.jpeg"> <img src="indesign export/GFA-TEARSHEETS-100526-01-web-images/IMG_5169_fmt.jpeg"/> </a> <a href="#" class="img" title="IMG_5175_fmt.jpeg"> <img src="indesign export/GFA-TEARSHEETS-100526-01-web-images/IMG_5175_fmt.jpeg"/> </a> <a href="#" class="img" title="aerial_fmt.jpeg" width=""> <img src="indesign export/GFA-TEARSHEETS-100526-01-web-images/aerial_fmt.jpeg"/> </a> </div> <div id="cycleCtrl"> <div id="prev" class="pager"><a href="#">< Prev</a> </div> <div id="next" class="pager"><a href="#">Next ></a></div> <div id="pagerNav" class="pager"></div> </div> <div id="descController"> <img src="images/arrow.gif" name="arrow" width="5" height="10" id="arrow" /> <span id="projectName">Toronto Centre for the Arts </span> <br /> <div id="desc"> In the past eight years... </div> </div></td> <td width="90%"><!--push col 1 back--></td> </tr> </table> and the styles: #content { position: absolute; top: 250px; left: 275px; float: left; clear: both; } content table { float: left; width: 1px; } imageFrame { position: relative; float: left; clear: left; width: inherit; } desc { position: relative; clear: left; float: left; } descController { position:relative; padding-top:5px; padding-bottom:10px; clear: left; float: left; } descController div { height:0; overflow:hidden; -webkit-transition:all .5s ease; -moz-transition:all .5s ease; -o-transition:all .5s ease; transition:all .5s ease; padding-top:10px; margin-top: 10px; word-spacing: 0em; line-height: 16px; font-size: 12px; position: relative; float: left; clear: left; }

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• .NET 3.5SP1 64-bit memory model vs. 32-bit memory model

  - by James Dunne

  As I understand it, the .NET memory model on a 32-bit machine guarantees 32-bit word writes and reads to be atomic operations but does not provide this guarantee on 64-bit words. I have written a quick tool to demonstrate this effect on a Windows XP 32-bit OS and am getting results consistent with that memory model description. However, I have taken this same tool's executable and run it on a Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit OS and am getting wildly different results. Both the machines are identical specs just with different OSes installed. I would have expected that the .NET memory model would guarantee writes and reads to BOTH 32-bit and 64-bit words to be atomic on a 64-bit OS. I find results completely contrary to BOTH assumptions. 32-bit reads and writes are not demonstrated to be atomic on this OS. Can someone explain to me why this fails on a 64-bit OS? Tool code: using System; using System.Threading; namespace ConsoleApplication1 { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { var th = new Thread(new ThreadStart(RunThread)); var th2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(RunThread)); int lastRecordedInt = 0; long lastRecordedLong = 0L; th.Start(); th2.Start(); while (!done) { int newIntValue = intValue; long newLongValue = longValue; if (lastRecordedInt > newIntValue) Console.WriteLine("BING(int)! {0} > {1}, {2}", lastRecordedInt, newIntValue, (lastRecordedInt - newIntValue)); if (lastRecordedLong > newLongValue) Console.WriteLine("BING(long)! {0} > {1}, {2}", lastRecordedLong, newLongValue, (lastRecordedLong - newLongValue)); lastRecordedInt = newIntValue; lastRecordedLong = newLongValue; } th.Join(); th2.Join(); Console.WriteLine("{0} =? {2}, {1} =? {3}", intValue, longValue, Int32.MaxValue / 2, (long)Int32.MaxValue + (Int32.MaxValue / 2)); } private static long longValue = Int32.MaxValue; private static int intValue; private static bool done = false; static void RunThread() { for (int i = 0; i < Int32.MaxValue / 4; ++i) { ++longValue; ++intValue; } done = true; } } } Results on Windows XP 32-bit: Windows XP 32-bit Intel Core2 Duo P8700 @ 2.53GHz BING(long)! 2161093208 > 2161092246, 962 BING(long)! 2162448397 > 2161273312, 1175085 BING(long)! 2270110050 > 2270109040, 1010 BING(long)! 2270115061 > 2270110059, 5002 BING(long)! 2558052223 > 2557528157, 524066 BING(long)! 2571660540 > 2571659563, 977 BING(long)! 2646433569 > 2646432557, 1012 BING(long)! 2660841714 > 2660840732, 982 BING(long)! 2661795522 > 2660841715, 953807 BING(long)! 2712855281 > 2712854239, 1042 BING(long)! 2737627472 > 2735210929, 2416543 1025780885 =? 1073741823, 3168207035 =? 3221225470 Notice how BING(int) is never written and demonstrates that 32-bit reads/writes are atomic on this 32-bit OS. Results on Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit: Windows 7 Enterprise 64-bit Intel Core2 Duo P8700 @ 2.53GHz BING(long)! 2208482159 > 2208121217, 360942 BING(int)! 280292777 > 279704627, 588150 BING(int)! 308158865 > 308131694, 27171 BING(long)! 2549116628 > 2548884894, 231734 BING(int)! 534815527 > 534708027, 107500 BING(int)! 545113548 > 544270063, 843485 BING(long)! 2710030799 > 2709941968, 88831 BING(int)! 668662394 > 667539649, 1122745 1006355562 =? 1073741823, 3154727581 =? 3221225470 Notice that BING(long) AND BING(int) are both displayed! Why are the 32-bit operations failing, let alone the 64-bit ones?

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• Java update/install via group policy

  - by Maximus

  I trying to deploy the latest Java RE version via GP, Java 7 update 9. I want to update computers that are currently running an older version of Java, a mixture of 7.6 and 7.7, some computers are running versions as old as 6.31. Some are running a mixture of both. I would also like this GP to install Java if it's not installed. Previously I used push out Java updates to users machines as Java didn't remove the old version. So when it was done the user would restart their browser or pc to start using the latest version. Not the best way to manage it as it leaves the old version installed but it worked. I've created group policies before for printer deployment, log on drive mapping scripts, but never software deployment. I've extracted the Java MSI and created a transform file to suppress reboot etc using orca. As described on this site http://ivan.dretvic.com/2011/06/how-to-package-and-deploy-java-jre-1-6-0_26-via-group-policy/. I have also tried saving the edited MSI directly and that didn't work either. But it just won't deploy. I have tried to enable logging as suggested on this site http://openofficetechnology.com/node/32, GPO logging via UserEnvDebugLevel, Software deployment logging via AppmgmtDebugLevel and MSI logging, but there is no log C:\Windows\Debug\UserMode\userenv.log being created. The windows event viewer has the following errors: Error 24/10/2012 11:44:04 AM - "Failed to apply changes to software installation settings. Software changes could not be applied. A previous log entry with details should exist. The error was : %%1612" Information 24/10/2012 11:44:04 AM - "The removal of the assignment of application Java 7 Update 9 - FB Java Transform from policy JavaDeploy succeeded." Error 24/10/2012 11:44:04 AM - "The install of application Java 7 Update 9 - FB Java Transform from policy JavaDeploy failed. The error was : %%1612" There is a log created for MSI logging and it's as below. It says the source is invalid but it exists on the share and the PC that I'm testing has permissions and I've included the recommendation here Group Policy installation failed error 1274 to enable "Always wait for the network at computer startup and logon" === Verbose logging started: 24/10/2012 11:43:59 Build type: SHIP UNICODE 5.00.7601.00 Calling process: C:\Windows\system32\svchost.exe === MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:43:59:898]: Resetting cached policy values MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:43:59:898]: Machine policy value 'Debug' is 3 MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:43:59:898]: ******* RunEngine: ******* Product: {26a24ae4-039d-4ca4-87b4-2f83217009ff} ******* Action: ******* CommandLine: ********** MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:43:59:898]: Client-side and UI is none or basic: Running entire install on the server. MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:43:59:898]: Grabbed execution mutex. MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:44:03:431]: Cloaking enabled. MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:44:03:431]: Attempting to enable all disabled privileges before calling Install on Server MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:44:03:439]: Incrementing counter to disable shutdown. Counter after increment: 0 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:03:574]: Running installation inside multi-package transaction {26a24ae4-039d-4ca4-87b4-2f83217009ff} MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:03:574]: Grabbed execution mutex. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:607]: Resetting cached policy values MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:607]: Machine policy value 'Debug' is 3 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:607]: ******* RunEngine: ******* Product: {26a24ae4-039d-4ca4-87b4-2f83217009ff} ******* Action: ******* CommandLine: ********** MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:607]: Machine policy value 'DisableUserInstalls' is 0 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:623]: User policy value 'SearchOrder' is 'nmu' MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: User policy value 'DisableMedia' is 0 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: Machine policy value 'AllowLockdownMedia' is 0 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Media enabled only if package is safe. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Looking for sourcelist for product {26a24ae4-039d-4ca4-87b4-2f83217009ff} MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Adding {26a24ae4-039d-4ca4-87b4-2f83217009ff}; to potential sourcelist list (pcode;disk;relpath). MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Now checking product {26a24ae4-039d-4ca4-87b4-2f83217009ff} MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Media is enabled for product. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Attempting to use LastUsedSource from source list. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Processing net source list. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:624]: SOURCEMGMT: Trying source \\server\share\deployment\Java\stable\x32\. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:650]: Note: 1: 2303 2: 5 3: \\server\share\ MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:650]: Note: 1: 1325 2: deployment MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:650]: ConnectToSource: CreatePath/CreateFilePath failed with: -2147483648 1325 -2147483648 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:650]: ConnectToSource (con't): CreatePath/CreateFilePath failed with: -2147483648 -2147483648 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:650]: SOURCEMGMT: net source '\\server\share\deployment\Java\stable\x32\' is invalid. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:650]: Note: 1: 1706 2: -2147483647 3: jre1.7.0_09.msi MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:03:650]: SOURCEMGMT: Processing media source list. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: Note: 1: 2203 2: 3: -2147287037 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: SOURCEMGMT: Source is invalid due to missing/inaccessible package. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: Note: 1: 1706 2: -2147483647 3: jre1.7.0_09.msi MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: SOURCEMGMT: Processing URL source list. MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: Note: 1: 1402 2: UNKNOWN\URL 3: 2 MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: Note: 1: 1706 2: -2147483647 3: jre1.7.0_09.msi MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: Note: 1: 1706 2: 3: jre1.7.0_09.msi MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: SOURCEMGMT: Failed to resolve source MSI (s) (2C:7C) [11:44:04:668]: MainEngineThread is returning 1612 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:670]: User policy value 'DisableRollback' is 0 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:670]: Machine policy value 'DisableRollback' is 0 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:670]: Incrementing counter to disable shutdown. Counter after increment: 0 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:670]: Note: 1: 1402 2: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Installer\Rollback\Scripts 3: 2 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:671]: Note: 1: 1402 2: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Installer\Rollback\Scripts 3: 2 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:671]: Note: 1: 1402 2: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Installer\InProgress 3: 2 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:671]: Note: 1: 1402 2: HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Installer\InProgress 3: 2 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:671]: Decrementing counter to disable shutdown. If counter >= 0, shutdown will be denied. Counter after decrement: -1 MSI (s) (2C:70) [11:44:04:671]: Restoring environment variables MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:44:04:675]: Decrementing counter to disable shutdown. If counter >= 0, shutdown will be denied. Counter after decrement: -1 MSI (c) (9C:EC) [11:44:04:675]: MainEngineThread is returning 1612 === Verbose logging stopped: 24/10/2012 11:44:04 === I'm not sure what my next approach should be. Any help would be much appreciated. Thanks.

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• socket connection failed, telnet OK

  - by cf16

  my problem is that I can't connect two comps through socket (windows xp and windows7) although the server created with socket is listening and I can telnet it. It receives then information and does what should be done, but if I run the corresponding socket client I get error 10061. Moreover I am behind firewall - these two comps are running within my LAN, the windows firewalls are turned off, comp1: 192.168.1.2 port 12345 comp1: 192.168.1.6 port 12345 router: 192.168.1.1 Maybe port forwarding could help? But most important for me is to answer why Sockets fail if telnet works fine. client: int main(){ // Initialize Winsock. WSADATA wsaData; int iResult = WSAStartup(MAKEWORD(2,2), &wsaData); if (iResult != NO_ERROR) printf("Client: Error at WSAStartup().\n"); else printf("Client: WSAStartup() is OK.\n"); // Create a socket. SOCKET m_socket; m_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); if (m_socket == INVALID_SOCKET){ printf("Client: socket() - Error at socket(): %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 7; }else printf("Client: socket() is OK.\n"); // Connect to a server. sockaddr_in clientService; clientService.sin_family = AF_INET; //clientService.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("77.64.240.156"); clientService.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.1.5"); //clientService.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("87.207.222.5"); clientService.sin_port = htons(12345); if (connect(m_socket, (SOCKADDR*)&clientService, sizeof(clientService)) == SOCKET_ERROR){ printf("Client: connect() - Failed to connect.\n"); wprintf(L"connect function failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); iResult = closesocket(m_socket); if (iResult == SOCKET_ERROR) wprintf(L"closesocket function failed with error: %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); return 6; } // Send and receive data int bytesSent; int bytesRecv = SOCKET_ERROR; // Be careful with the array bound, provide some checking mechanism char sendbuf[200] = "Client: Sending some test string to server..."; char recvbuf[200] = ""; bytesSent = send(m_socket, sendbuf, strlen(sendbuf), 0); printf("Client: send() - Bytes Sent: %ld\n", bytesSent); while(bytesRecv == SOCKET_ERROR){ bytesRecv = recv(m_socket, recvbuf, 32, 0); if (bytesRecv == 0 || bytesRecv == WSAECONNRESET){ printf("Client: Connection Closed.\n"); break; }else printf("Client: recv() is OK.\n"); if (bytesRecv < 0) return 0; else printf("Client: Bytes received - %ld.\n", bytesRecv); } system("pause"); return 0; } server: int main(){ WORD wVersionRequested; WSADATA wsaData={0}; int wsaerr; // Using MAKEWORD macro, Winsock version request 2.2 wVersionRequested = MAKEWORD(2, 2); wsaerr = WSAStartup(wVersionRequested, &wsaData); if (wsaerr != 0){ /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable WinSock DLL.*/ printf("Server: The Winsock dll not found!\n"); return 0; }else{ printf("Server: The Winsock dll found!\n"); printf("Server: The status: %s.\n", wsaData.szSystemStatus); } /* Confirm that the WinSock DLL supports 2.2.*/ /* Note that if the DLL supports versions greater */ /* than 2.2 in addition to 2.2, it will still return */ /* 2.2 in wVersion since that is the version we */ /* requested. */ if (LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 || HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion) != 2 ){ /* Tell the user that we could not find a usable WinSock DLL.*/ printf("Server: The dll do not support the Winsock version %u.%u!\n", LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion)); WSACleanup(); return 0; }else{ printf("Server: The dll supports the Winsock version %u.%u!\n", LOBYTE(wsaData.wVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wVersion)); printf("Server: The highest version this dll can support: %u.%u\n", LOBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion), HIBYTE(wsaData.wHighVersion)); } //////////Create a socket//////////////////////// //Create a SOCKET object called m_socket. SOCKET m_socket; // Call the socket function and return its value to the m_socket variable. // For this application, use the Internet address family, streaming sockets, and the TCP/IP protocol. // using AF_INET family, TCP socket type and protocol of the AF_INET - IPv4 m_socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP); // Check for errors to ensure that the socket is a valid socket. if (m_socket == INVALID_SOCKET){ printf("Server: Error at socket(): %ld\n", WSAGetLastError()); WSACleanup(); //return 0; }else{ printf("Server: socket() is OK!\n"); } ////////////////bind////////////////////////////// // Create a sockaddr_in object and set its values. sockaddr_in service; // AF_INET is the Internet address family. service.sin_family = AF_INET; // "127.0.0.1" is the local IP address to which the socket will be bound. service.sin_addr.s_addr = htons(INADDR_ANY);//inet_addr("127.0.0.1");//htons(INADDR_ANY); //inet_addr("192.168.1.2"); // 55555 is the port number to which the socket will be bound. // using the htons for big-endian service.sin_port = htons(12345); // Call the bind function, passing the created socket and the sockaddr_in structure as parameters. // Check for general errors. if (bind(m_socket, (SOCKADDR*)&service, sizeof(service)) == SOCKET_ERROR){ printf("Server: bind() failed: %ld.\n", WSAGetLastError()); closesocket(m_socket); //return 0; }else{ printf("Server: bind() is OK!\n"); } // Call the listen function, passing the created socket and the maximum number of allowed // connections to accept as parameters. Check for general errors. if (listen(m_socket, 1) == SOCKET_ERROR) printf("Server: listen(): Error listening on socket %ld.\n", WSAGetLastError()); else{ printf("Server: listen() is OK, I'm waiting for connections...\n"); } // Create a temporary SOCKET object called AcceptSocket for accepting connections. SOCKET AcceptSocket; // Create a continuous loop that checks for connections requests. If a connection // request occurs, call the accept function to handle the request. printf("Server: Waiting for a client to connect...\n"); printf("***Hint: Server is ready...run your client program...***\n"); // Do some verification... while (1){ AcceptSocket = SOCKET_ERROR; while (AcceptSocket == SOCKET_ERROR){ AcceptSocket = accept(m_socket, NULL, NULL); } // else, accept the connection... note: now it is wrong implementation !!!!!!!! !! !! (only 1 char) // When the client connection has been accepted, transfer control from the // temporary socket to the original socket and stop checking for new connections. printf("Server: Client Connected! Mammamija. \n"); m_socket = AcceptSocket; char recvBuf[200]=""; char * rc=recvBuf; int bytesRecv=recv(m_socket,recvBuf,64,0); if(bytesRecv==0 || bytesRecv==WSAECONNRESET){ cout<<"server: connection closed.\n"; }else{ cout<<"server: recv() is OK.\n"; if(bytesRecv<0){ return 0; }else{ printf("server: bytes received: %ld.\n",recvBuf); } }

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• Xenserver 5.5 U2 a bit unstable with an unstable W2003 VM

  - by twistedbrain

  In the last week I had to reboot the host system twice and the second one by means of the power button. The system is a Dell PE 6950 (4 Opteron dual core, 2,8 Ghz, 16 GB RAM, 900 GB disk in a RAID 10 array composed by 4 450GB 15000 rpm disks) with XenServer 5.5 U2. We're installing it and at now there are working in production a 2003 32 bit Windows server VM with 2 GB RAM, 3 vcpu and about 200 GB disk in 4 partition (12 GB boot, 20 GB program, 80 GB user data, 80 GB other data). The first time I was compressing many Windows 2003 folders (some tens GB by means of W2003 compressed folder option) from a Windows remote console and some hours before my colleague installed Backup Exec agent that was alredy installed and that required a reboot (that was pending). The console stopped responding, it was no more possible to connect by means of remote console or by means of the console of the XenCentre, it was still possible from the network to use the shared folder of the VM and the programs on it (2 db and a GIS program), but the print server didn't work any more and I couldn't give remote reboot from other domain controller hosts. I couldn't stop the virtual machine neither from the XenCentre, neither from the command line of the host also forcing the reboot. I had to reboot the host server. Yesterday it has been worst. I installed a template of another VM, CentOS 5.3 and then, put the DVD in the drive of the host. Then, before the install and after the boot I checked for defect the DVD and the W2003 VM began to respond slowly (I was connected by means of an administration remote console) the task manager showed only mid or low load, it is, only the first of the 3 vcpu was loaded (about 70%), while the other two were about at 20% and also the disk I/O was not so heavy. Then the users were not so happy because they couldn't any more use the MS word docs on the server. I immediately stopped the check of the DVD (to do that I had to force the stop of such Centos 5.3 VM), then some users could again use their docs, but other had still problems, so I decided to reboot the VM, but it doesn't stopped, neither from XenCenter, neither from command line, neither forcing the reboot. Then I tried to reboot of the host, but it didn't worked, neither from the XenCentre, neither from the host prompt (shutdown -r now as root: it told that it was shutting down, but then it didn't did that). So I had to power off by means of the power button of the server (before I tried some Magic SyS REQ, but I saw that Xen isn't compiled with this option enabled). What could you suggest about my problem, what can I look, search and see? In the W2003 VM logs there are no errors or warning to explain what happened. Some more exciting, amusing and inspiring words of poetry (the facts happened around 11 am): \# egrep -i 'err|warning' xensource.log [20100219 10:32:05.597|debug|culo|6301 unix-RPC|VBD.plug R:c81bcda701f6|xenops] watch: watching xenstore paths: [ /xapi/0/frontend/vbd/51712/hotplug; /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/0/51712/tapdisk-error ] with timeout 1200.000000 seconds [20100219 10:32:05.597|debug|culo|6301 unix-RPC|VBD.plug R:c81bcda701f6|xenops] watch: fired on /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/0/51712/tapdisk-error [20100219 10:32:14.314|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] watch: watching xenstore paths: [ /local/domain/0/backend/vbd/0/51712/shutdown-done; /local/domain/0/error/device/vbd/51712/error ] with timeout 1200.000000 seconds [20100219 10:32:14.337|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vbd/0 [20100219 10:32:14.337|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/device/vbd/51712 [20100219 10:32:14.338|debug|culo|6335 unix-RPC|VBD.unplug R:9258f54578d6|xenops] watch: fired on /local/domain/0/error/device/vbd/51712/error [20100219 10:53:48.903|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|helpers] Ignoring exception: INTERNAL_ERROR: [ Xb.Noent ] while Vmops.destroy_domain: Destroying domid 14 guest session [20100219 10:53:52.048|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/14 [20100219 10:53:52.048|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51744 [20100219 10:53:52.085|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/14 [20100219 10:53:52.086|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51728 [20100219 10:53:52.122|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/14 [20100219 10:53:52.122|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51712 [20100219 10:53:52.127|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vbd/14 [20100219 10:53:52.128|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vbd/51760 [20100219 10:53:52.496|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] Device.Vif.hard_shutdown about to blow away backend and error paths [20100219 10:53:52.497|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vif/14 [20100219 10:53:52.497|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vif/0 [20100219 10:53:53.385|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] Device.Vif.hard_shutdown about to blow away backend and error paths [20100219 10:53:53.386|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vif/14 [20100219 10:53:53.386|debug|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/14/error/device/vif/1 [20100219 10:53:53.389| warn|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|hotplug] Warning, deleting 'vif' entry from /xapi/14/hotplug/vif/0 [20100219 10:53:53.391| warn|culo|6418|Async.VM.hard_shutdown R:88d2095678f7|hotplug] Warning, deleting 'vif' entry from /xapi/14/hotplug/vif/1 [20100219 11:20:49.766|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|helpers] Ignoring exception: INTERNAL_ERROR: [ Xb.Noent ] while Vmops.destroy_domain: Destroying domid 11 guest session [20100219 11:20:50.339|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/11 [20100219 11:20:50.339|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vbd/832 [20100219 11:20:50.360|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/tap/11 [20100219 11:20:50.360|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vbd/768 [20100219 11:20:50.366|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vbd/11 [20100219 11:20:50.366|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vbd/5696 [20100219 11:20:50.753|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] Device.Vif.hard_shutdown about to blow away backend and error paths [20100219 11:20:50.754|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/0/error/backend/vif/11 [20100219 11:20:50.754|debug|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|xenops] xenstore-rm /local/domain/11/error/device/vif/1 [20100219 11:20:50.757| warn|culo|6484|Async.VM.clean_shutdown R:78d3c3e28cb6|hotplug] Warning, deleting 'vif' entry from /xapi/11/hotplug/vif/1 [20100219 11:28:13.803|debug|culo|6610 inet-RPC|Connection to VM console R:e9f8b76e8975|console] error: INTERNAL_ERROR: [ Unix.Unix_error(63, "connect", "") ]

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• How to get full control of umask/PAM/permissions?

  - by plua

  OUR SITUATION Several people from our company log in to a server and upload files. They all need to be able to upload and overwrite the same files. They have different usernames, but are all part of the same group. However, this is an internet server, so the "other" users should have (in general) just read-only access. So what I want to have is these standard permissions: files: 664 directories: 771 My goal is that all users do not need to worry about permissions. The server should be configured in such a way that these permissions apply to all files and directories, newly created, copied, or over-written. Only when we need some special permissions we'd manually change this. We upload files to the server by SFTP-ing in Nautilus, by mounting the server using sshfs and accessing it in Nautilus as if it were a local folder, and by SCP-ing in the command line. That basically covers our situation and what we aim to do. Now, I have read many things about the beautiful umask functionality. From what I understand umask (together with PAM) should allow me to do exactly what I want: set standard permissions for new files and directories. However, after many many hours of reading and trial-and-error, I still do not get this to work. I get many unexpected results. I really like to get a solid grasp of umask and have many question unanswered. I will post these questions below, together with my findings and an explanation of my trials that led to these questions. Given that many things appear to go wrong, I think that I am doing several things wrong. So therefore, there are many questions. NOTE: I am using Ubuntu 9.10 and therefore can not change the sshd_config to set the umask for the SFTP server. Installed SSH OpenSSH_5.1p1 Debian-6ubuntu2 < required OpenSSH 5.4p1. So here go the questions. 1. DO I NEED TO RESTART FOR PAM CHANGS TO TAKE EFFECT? Let's start with this. There were so many files involved and I was unable to figure out what does and what does not affect things, also because I did not know whether or not I have to restart the whole system for PAM changes to take effect. I did do so after not seeing the expected results, but is this really necessary? Or can I just log out from the server and log back in, and should new PAM policies be effective? Or is there some 'PAM' program to reload? 2. IS THERE ONE SINGLE FILE TO CHANGE THAT AFFECTS ALL USERS FOR ALL SESSIONS? So I ended up changing MANY files, as I read MANY different things. I ended up setting the umask in the following files: ~/.profile -> umask=0002 ~/.bashrc -> umask=0002 /etc/profile -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/common-session -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/sshd -> umask=0002 /etc/pam.d/login -> umask=0002 I want this change to apply to all users, so some sort of system-wide change would be best. Can it be achieved? 3. AFTER ALL, THIS UMASK THING, DOES IT WORK? So after changing umask to 0002 at every possible place, I run tests. ------------SCP----------- TEST 1: scp testfile (which has 777 permissions for testing purposes) server:/home/ testfile 100% 4 0.0KB/s 00:00 Let's check permissions: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rwx--x--x 1 user uploaders 4 2011-02-05 17:59 testfile (711) ---------SSH------------ TEST 2: ssh server user@server:/home$ touch anotherfile user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:03 anotherfile (664) --------SFTP----------- Nautilus: sftp://server/home/ Copy and paste newfile from client to server (777 on client) TEST 3: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rwxrwxrwx 1 user uploaders 3 2011-02-05 18:05 newfile (777) Create a new file through Nautilus. Check file permissions in terminal: TEST 4: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 4 -rw------- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:06 newfile (600) I mean... WHAT just happened here?! We should get 644 every single time. Instead I get 711, 777, 600, and then once 644. And the 644 is only achieved when creating a new, blank file through SSH, which is the least probable scenario. So I am asking, does umask/pam work after all? 4. SO WHAT DOES IT MEAN TO UMASK SSHFS? Sometimes we mount a server locally, using sshfs. Very useful. But again, we have permissions issues. Here is how we mount: sshfs -o idmap=user -o umask=0113 user@server:/home/ /mnt NOTE: we use umask = 113 because apparently, sshfs starts from 777 instead of 666, so with 113 we get 664 which is the desired file permission. But what now happens is that we see all files and directories as if they are 664. We browse in Nautilus to /mnt and: Right click - New File (newfile) --- TEST 5 Right click - New Folder (newfolder) --- TEST 6 Copy and paste a 777 file from our local client --- TEST 7 So let's check on the command line: user@client:/mnt$ ls -l total 8 -rw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 3 Feb 5 18:05 copyfile (664) -rw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 0 Feb 5 18:15 newfile (664) drw-rw-r-- 1 user 1007 4096 Feb 5 18:15 newfolder (664) But hey, let's check this same folder on the server-side: user@server:/home$ ls -l total 8 -rwxrwxrwx 1 user uploaders 3 2011-02-05 18:05 copyfile (777) -rw------- 1 user uploaders 0 2011-02-05 18:15 newfile (600) drwx--x--x 2 user uploaders 4096 2011-02-05 18:15 newfolder (711) What?! The REAL file permissions are very different from what we see in Nautilus. So does this umask on sshfs just create a 'filter' that shows unreal file permissions? And I tried to open a file from another user but the same group that had real 600 permissions but 644 'fake' permissions, and I could still not read this, so what good is this filter?? 5. UMASK IS ALL ABOUT FILES. BUT WHAT ABOUT DIRECTORIES? From my tests I can see that the umask that is being applied also somehow influences the directory permissions. However, I want my files to be 664 (002) and my directories to be 771 (006). So is it possible to have a different umask for directories? 6. PERHAPS UMASK/PAM IS REALLY COOL, BUT UBUNTU IS JUST BUGGY? On the one hand, I have read topics of people that have had success with PAM/UMASK and Ubuntu. On the other hand, I have found many older and newer bugs regarding umask/PAM/fuse on Ubuntu: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/gdm/+bug/241198 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/fuse/+bug/239792 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/pam/+bug/253096 https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/sudo/+bug/549172 http://bugs.debian.org/cgi-bin/bugreport.cgi?bug=314796 So I do not know what to believe anymore. Should I just give up? Would ACL solve all my problems? Or do I have again problems using Ubuntu? One word of caution with backups using tar. Red Hat /Centos distributions support acls in the tar program but Ubuntu does not support acls when backing up. This means that all acls will be lost when you create a backup. I am very willing to upgrade to Ubuntu 10.04 if that would solve my problems too, but first I want to understand what is happening.

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• Metro: Declarative Data Binding

  - by Stephen.Walther

  The goal of this blog post is to describe how declarative data binding works in the WinJS library. In particular, you learn how to use both the data-win-bind and data-win-bindsource attributes. You also learn how to use calculated properties and converters to format the value of a property automatically when performing data binding. By taking advantage of WinJS data binding, you can use the Model-View-ViewModel (MVVM) pattern when building Metro style applications with JavaScript. By using the MVVM pattern, you can prevent your JavaScript code from spinning into chaos. The MVVM pattern provides you with a standard pattern for organizing your JavaScript code which results in a more maintainable application. Using Declarative Bindings You can use the data-win-bind attribute with any HTML element in a page. The data-win-bind attribute enables you to bind (associate) an attribute of an HTML element to the value of a property. Imagine, for example, that you want to create a product details page. You want to show a product object in a page. In that case, you can create the following HTML page to display the product details: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Product Details</h1> <div class="field"> Product Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Product Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Product Picture: <br /> <img data-win-bind="src:photo;alt:name" /> </div> </body> </html> The HTML page above contains three data-win-bind attributes – one attribute for each product property displayed. You use the data-win-bind attribute to set properties of the HTML element associated with the data-win-attribute. The data-win-bind attribute takes a semicolon delimited list of element property names and data source property names: data-win-bind=”elementPropertyName:datasourcePropertyName; elementPropertyName:datasourcePropertyName;…” In the HTML page above, the first two data-win-bind attributes are used to set the values of the innerText property of the SPAN elements. The last data-win-bind attribute is used to set the values of the IMG element’s src and alt attributes. By the way, using data-win-bind attributes is perfectly valid HTML5. The HTML5 standard enables you to add custom attributes to an HTML document just as long as the custom attributes start with the prefix data-. So you can add custom attributes to an HTML5 document with names like data-stephen, data-funky, or data-rover-dog-is-hungry and your document will validate. The product object displayed in the page above with the data-win-bind attributes is created in the default.js file: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var product = { name: "Tesla", price: 80000, photo: "/images/TeslaPhoto.png" }; WinJS.Binding.processAll(null, product); } }; app.start(); })(); In the code above, a product object is created with a name, price, and photo property. The WinJS.Binding.processAll() method is called to perform the actual binding (Don’t confuse WinJS.Binding.processAll() and WinJS.UI.processAll() – these are different methods). The first parameter passed to the processAll() method represents the root element for the binding. In other words, binding happens on this element and its child elements. If you provide the value null, then binding happens on the entire body of the document (document.body). The second parameter represents the data context. This is the object that has the properties which are displayed with the data-win-bind attributes. In the code above, the product object is passed as the data context parameter. Another word for data context is view model.  Creating Complex View Models In the previous section, we used the data-win-bind attribute to display the properties of a simple object: a single product. However, you can use binding with more complex view models including view models which represent multiple objects. For example, the view model in the following default.js file represents both a customer and a product object. Furthermore, the customer object has a nested address object: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var viewModel = { customer: { firstName: "Fred", lastName: "Flintstone", address: { street: "1 Rocky Way", city: "Bedrock", country: "USA" } }, product: { name: "Bowling Ball", price: 34.55 } }; WinJS.Binding.processAll(null, viewModel); } }; app.start(); })(); The following page displays the customer (including the customer address) and the product. Notice that you can use dot notation to refer to child objects in a view model such as customer.address.street. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Customer Details</h1> <div class="field"> First Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:customer.firstName"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Last Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:customer.lastName"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Address: <address> <span data-win-bind="innerText:customer.address.street"></span> <br /> <span data-win-bind="innerText:customer.address.city"></span> <br /> <span data-win-bind="innerText:customer.address.country"></span> </address> </div> <h1>Product</h1> <div class="field"> Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:product.name"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:product.price"></span> </div> </body> </html> A view model can be as complicated as you need and you can bind the view model to a view (an HTML document) by using declarative bindings. Creating Calculated Properties You might want to modify a property before displaying the property. For example, you might want to format the product price property before displaying the property. You don’t want to display the raw product price “80000”. Instead, you want to display the formatted price “$80,000”. You also might need to combine multiple properties. For example, you might need to display the customer full name by combining the values of the customer first and last name properties. In these situations, it is tempting to call a function when performing binding. For example, you could create a function named fullName() which concatenates the customer first and last name. Unfortunately, the WinJS library does not support the following syntax: <span data-win-bind=”innerText:fullName()”></span> Instead, in these situations, you should create a new property in your view model that has a getter. For example, the customer object in the following default.js file includes a property named fullName which combines the values of the firstName and lastName properties: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var customer = { firstName: "Fred", lastName: "Flintstone", get fullName() { return this.firstName + " " + this.lastName; } }; WinJS.Binding.processAll(null, customer); } }; app.start(); })(); The customer object has a firstName, lastName, and fullName property. Notice that the fullName property is defined with a getter function. When you read the fullName property, the values of the firstName and lastName properties are concatenated and returned. The following HTML page displays the fullName property in an H1 element. You can use the fullName property in a data-win-bind attribute in exactly the same way as any other property. <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1 data-win-bind="innerText:fullName"></h1> <div class="field"> First Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:firstName"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Last Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:lastName"></span> </div> </body> </html> Creating a Converter In the previous section, you learned how to format the value of a property by creating a property with a getter. This approach makes sense when the formatting logic is specific to a particular view model. If, on the other hand, you need to perform the same type of formatting for multiple view models then it makes more sense to create a converter function. A converter function is a function which you can apply whenever you are using the data-win-bind attribute. Imagine, for example, that you want to create a general function for displaying dates. You always want to display dates using a short format such as 12/25/1988. The following JavaScript file – named converters.js – contains a shortDate() converter: (function (WinJS) { var shortDate = WinJS.Binding.converter(function (date) { return date.getMonth() + 1 + "/" + date.getDate() + "/" + date.getFullYear(); }); // Export shortDate WinJS.Namespace.define("MyApp.Converters", { shortDate: shortDate }); })(WinJS); The file above uses the Module Pattern, a pattern which is used through the WinJS library. To learn more about the Module Pattern, see my blog entry on namespaces and modules: http://stephenwalther.com/blog/archive/2012/02/22/windows-web-applications-namespaces-and-modules.aspx The file contains the definition for a converter function named shortDate(). This function converts a JavaScript date object into a short date string such as 12/1/1988. The converter function is created with the help of the WinJS.Binding.converter() method. This method takes a normal function and converts it into a converter function. Finally, the shortDate() converter is added to the MyApp.Converters namespace. You can call the shortDate() function by calling MyApp.Converters.shortDate(). The default.js file contains the customer object that we want to bind. Notice that the customer object has a firstName, lastName, and birthday property. We will use our new shortDate() converter when displaying the customer birthday property: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { var customer = { firstName: "Fred", lastName: "Flintstone", birthday: new Date("12/1/1988") }; WinJS.Binding.processAll(null, customer); } }; app.start(); })(); We actually use our shortDate converter in the HTML document. The following HTML document displays all of the customer properties: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="js/converters.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Customer Details</h1> <div class="field"> First Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:firstName"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Last Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:lastName"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Birthday: <span data-win-bind="innerText:birthday MyApp.Converters.shortDate"></span> </div> </body> </html> Notice the data-win-bind attribute used to display the birthday property. It looks like this: <span data-win-bind="innerText:birthday MyApp.Converters.shortDate"></span> The shortDate converter is applied to the birthday property when the birthday property is bound to the SPAN element’s innerText property. Using data-win-bindsource Normally, you pass the view model (the data context) which you want to use with the data-win-bind attributes in a page by passing the view model to the WinJS.Binding.processAll() method like this: WinJS.Binding.processAll(null, viewModel); As an alternative, you can specify the view model declaratively in your markup by using the data-win-datasource attribute. For example, the following default.js script exposes a view model with the fully-qualified name of MyWinWebApp.viewModel: (function () { "use strict"; var app = WinJS.Application; app.onactivated = function (eventObject) { if (eventObject.detail.kind === Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation.ActivationKind.launch) { // Create view model var viewModel = { customer: { firstName: "Fred", lastName: "Flintstone" }, product: { name: "Bowling Ball", price: 12.99 } }; // Export view model to be seen by universe WinJS.Namespace.define("MyWinWebApp", { viewModel: viewModel }); // Process data-win-bind attributes WinJS.Binding.processAll(); } }; app.start(); })(); In the code above, a view model which represents a customer and a product is exposed as MyWinWebApp.viewModel. The following HTML page illustrates how you can use the data-win-bindsource attribute to bind to this view model: <!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <title>Application1</title> <!-- WinJS references --> <link href="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/css/ui-dark.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/base.js"></script> <script src="//Microsoft.WinJS.0.6/js/ui.js"></script> <!-- Application1 references --> <link href="/css/default.css" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="/js/default.js"></script> </head> <body> <h1>Customer Details</h1> <div data-win-bindsource="MyWinWebApp.viewModel.customer"> <div class="field"> First Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:firstName"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Last Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:lastName"></span> </div> </div> <h1>Product</h1> <div data-win-bindsource="MyWinWebApp.viewModel.product"> <div class="field"> Name: <span data-win-bind="innerText:name"></span> </div> <div class="field"> Price: <span data-win-bind="innerText:price"></span> </div> </div> </body> </html> The data-win-bindsource attribute is used twice in the page above: it is used with the DIV element which contains the customer details and it is used with the DIV element which contains the product details. If an element has a data-win-bindsource attribute then all of the child elements of that element are affected. The data-win-bind attributes of all of the child elements are bound to the data source represented by the data-win-bindsource attribute. Summary The focus of this blog entry was data binding using the WinJS library. You learned how to use the data-win-bind attribute to bind the properties of an HTML element to a view model. We also discussed several advanced features of data binding. We examined how to create calculated properties by including a property with a getter in your view model. We also discussed how you can create a converter function to format the value of a view model property when binding the property. Finally, you learned how to use the data-win-bindsource attribute to specify a view model declaratively.

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• Another "Windows 7 entry missing from Grub2" Question

  - by 4x10

  Like many before me had the following problem that after installing Ubuntu (with windows 7 already installed), the grub boot loader wouldnt show windows 7 as a boot option, though i can boot fine if I use the "Choose Boot Device" options on the x220. The difference is that I try using UEFI only so many answers didn't really fit my problem, though i tried several stuffs: after running boot repair it destroyed the ubuntu boot loader custom entry in /etc/grub.d/40_custom for windows which doesnt show up many update-grub and reboots trying windows repair recovery thing while being there i also did bootrec.exe /FixBoot and update-grub and reboot again and finaly because it was so much fun, i installed linux all over again, while formatting and deleting everything linux related before that. Now that i think of it, Ubuntu also didn't notice Windows being there during the Setup and it still doesnt according to the Boot Info from Boot Repair. Boot Info Script 0.61-git-patched [23 April 2012] ============================= Boot Info Summary: =============================== => No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. sda1: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: vfat Boot sector type: Windows 7: FAT32 Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Boot files: /efi/Boot/bootx64.efi /efi/ubuntu/grubx64.efi sda2: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Mounting failed: mount: unknown filesystem type '' sda3: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ntfs Boot sector type: Windows Vista/7: NTFS Boot sector info: No errors found in the Boot Parameter Block. Operating System: Windows 7 Boot files: /Windows/System32/winload.exe sda4: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Ubuntu precise (development branch) Boot files: /boot/grub/grub.cfg /etc/fstab sda5: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: ext4 Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: Operating System: Boot files: sda6: __________________________________________________________________________ File system: swap Boot sector type: - Boot sector info: ============================ Drive/Partition Info: ============================= Drive: sda _____________________________________________________________________ Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Partition Boot Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors Id System /dev/sda1 1 625,142,447 625,142,447 ee GPT GUID Partition Table detected. Partition Start Sector End Sector # of Sectors System /dev/sda1 2,048 206,847 204,800 EFI System partition /dev/sda2 206,848 468,991 262,144 Microsoft Reserved Partition (Windows) /dev/sda3 468,992 170,338,303 169,869,312 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda4 170,338,304 330,338,304 160,000,001 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda5 330,338,305 617,141,039 286,802,735 Data partition (Windows/Linux) /dev/sda6 617,141,040 625,141,040 8,000,001 Swap partition (Linux) "blkid" output: ________________________________________________________________ Device UUID TYPE LABEL /dev/sda1 885C-ED1B vfat /dev/sda3 EE06CC0506CBCCB1 ntfs /dev/sda4 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ext4 /dev/sda5 d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3 ext4 /dev/sda6 7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37 swap ================================ Mount points: ================================= Device Mount_Point Type Options /dev/sda1 /boot/efi vfat (rw) /dev/sda4 / ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) /dev/sda5 /home ext4 (rw) =========================== sda4/boot/grub/grub.cfg: =========================== -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # # DO NOT EDIT THIS FILE # # It is automatically generated by grub-mkconfig using templates # from /etc/grub.d and settings from /etc/default/grub # ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/00_header ### if [ -s $prefix/grubenv ]; then set have_grubenv=true load_env fi set default="0" if [ "${prev_saved_entry}" ]; then set saved_entry="${prev_saved_entry}" save_env saved_entry set prev_saved_entry= save_env prev_saved_entry set boot_once=true fi function savedefault { if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then saved_entry="${chosen}" save_env saved_entry fi } function recordfail { set recordfail=1 if [ -n "${have_grubenv}" ]; then if [ -z "${boot_once}" ]; then save_env recordfail; fi; fi } function load_video { insmod efi_gop insmod efi_uga insmod video_bochs insmod video_cirrus } insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 if loadfont /usr/share/grub/unicode.pf2 ; then set gfxmode=auto load_video insmod gfxterm insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 set locale_dir=($root)/boot/grub/locale set lang=en_US insmod gettext fi terminal_output gfxterm if [ "${recordfail}" = 1 ]; then set timeout=-1 else set timeout=10 fi ### END /etc/grub.d/00_header ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### set menu_color_normal=white/black set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray if background_color 44,0,30; then clear fi ### END /etc/grub.d/05_debian_theme ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### function gfxmode { set gfxpayload="$1" if [ "$1" = "keep" ]; then set vt_handoff=vt.handoff=7 else set vt_handoff= fi } if [ ${recordfail} != 1 ]; then if [ -e ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt ]; then if hwmatch ${prefix}/gfxblacklist.txt 3; then if [ ${match} = 0 ]; then set linux_gfx_mode=keep else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi else set linux_gfx_mode=keep fi else set linux_gfx_mode=text fi export linux_gfx_mode if [ "$linux_gfx_mode" != "text" ]; then load_video; fi menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-20-generic' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail gfxmode $linux_gfx_mode insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic root=UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ro quiet splash $vt_handoff initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic } menuentry 'Ubuntu, with Linux 3.2.0-20-generic (recovery mode)' --class ubuntu --class gnu-linux --class gnu --class os { recordfail insmod gzio insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 echo 'Loading Linux 3.2.0-20-generic ...' linux /boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic root=UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 ro recovery nomodeset echo 'Loading initial ramdisk ...' initrd /boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic } ### END /etc/grub.d/10_linux ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### END /etc/grub.d/20_linux_xen ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+)" { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin } menuentry "Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200)" { insmod part_gpt insmod ext2 set root='(hd0,gpt4)' search --no-floppy --fs-uuid --set=root 604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 linux16 /boot/memtest86+.bin console=ttyS0,115200n8 } ### END /etc/grub.d/20_memtest86+ ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### END /etc/grub.d/30_os-prober ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### # This file provides an easy way to add custom menu entries. Simply type the # menu entries you want to add after this comment. Be careful not to change # the 'exec tail' line above. ### END /etc/grub.d/40_custom ### ### BEGIN /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### if [ -f $prefix/custom.cfg ]; then source $prefix/custom.cfg; fi ### END /etc/grub.d/41_custom ### -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =============================== sda4/etc/fstab: ================================ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- # /etc/fstab: static file system information. # # Use 'blkid' to print the universally unique identifier for a # device; this may be used with UUID= as a more robust way to name devices # that works even if disks are added and removed. See fstab(5). # # <file system> <mount point> <type> <options> <dump> <pass> proc /proc proc nodev,noexec,nosuid 0 0 # / was on /dev/sda4 during installation UUID=604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899 / ext4 errors=remount-ro 0 1 # /boot/efi was on /dev/sda1 during installation UUID=885C-ED1B /boot/efi vfat defaults 0 1 # /home was on /dev/sda5 during installation UUID=d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3 /home ext4 defaults 0 2 # swap was on /dev/sda6 during installation UUID=7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37 none swap sw 0 0 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- =================== sda4: Location of files loaded by Grub: ==================== GiB - GB File Fragment(s) 129.422874451 = 138.966753280 boot/grub/grub.cfg 1 83.059570312 = 89.184534528 boot/initrd.img-3.2.0-20-generic 2 101.393131256 = 108.870045696 boot/vmlinuz-3.2.0-20-generic 1 83.059570312 = 89.184534528 initrd.img 2 101.393131256 = 108.870045696 vmlinuz 1 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION : =================== log of boot-repair 2012-04-25__23h40 =================== boot-repair version : 3.18-0ppa3~precise boot-sav version : 3.18-0ppa4~precise glade2script version : 0.3.2.1-0ppa7~precise internet: connected python-software-properties version : 0.82.7 0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 1 reinstalled, 0 to remove and 591 not upgraded. dpkg-preconfigure: unable to re-open stdin: No such file or directory boot-repair is executed in installed-session (Ubuntu precise (development branch) , precise , Ubuntu , x86_64) WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== OSPROBER: /dev/sda4:The OS now in use - Ubuntu precise (development branch) CurrentSession:linux =================== BLKID: /dev/sda3: UUID="EE06CC0506CBCCB1" TYPE="ntfs" /dev/sda1: UUID="885C-ED1B" TYPE="vfat" /dev/sda4: UUID="604dd3b2-64ca-4200-b8fb-820e8d0ca899" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda5: UUID="d62515fd-8120-4a74-b17b-0bdf244124a3" TYPE="ext4" /dev/sda6: UUID="7078b649-fb2a-4c59-bd03-fd31ef440d37" TYPE="swap" 1 disks with OS, 1 OS : 1 Linux, 0 MacOS, 0 Windows, 0 unknown type OS. WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util sfdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== /etc/default/grub : # If you change this file, run 'update-grub' afterwards to update # /boot/grub/grub.cfg. # For full documentation of the options in this file, see: # info -f grub -n 'Simple configuration' GRUB_DEFAULT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT=0 #GRUB_HIDDEN_TIMEOUT_QUIET=true GRUB_TIMEOUT=10 GRUB_DISTRIBUTOR=`lsb_release -i -s 2> /dev/null || echo Debian` GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX_DEFAULT="quiet splash" GRUB_CMDLINE_LINUX="" # Uncomment to enable BadRAM filtering, modify to suit your needs # This works with Linux (no patch required) and with any kernel that obtains # the memory map information from GRUB (GNU Mach, kernel of FreeBSD ...) #GRUB_BADRAM="0x01234567,0xfefefefe,0x89abcdef,0xefefefef" # Uncomment to disable graphical terminal (grub-pc only) #GRUB_TERMINAL=console # The resolution used on graphical terminal # note that you can use only modes which your graphic card supports via VBE # you can see them in real GRUB with the command `vbeinfo' #GRUB_GFXMODE=640x480 # Uncomment if you don't want GRUB to pass "root=UUID=xxx" parameter to Linux #GRUB_DISABLE_LINUX_UUID=true # Uncomment to disable generation of recovery mode menu entries #GRUB_DISABLE_RECOVERY="true" # Uncomment to get a beep at grub start #GRUB_INIT_TUNE="480 440 1" EFI_OF_PART[1] (, ) =================== dmesg | grep EFI : [ 0.000000] EFI v2.00 by Lenovo [ 0.000000] Kernel-defined memdesc doesn't match the one from EFI! [ 0.000000] EFI: mem00: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000000000-0x0000000000001000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem01: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000001000-0x000000000004e000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem02: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000004e000-0x0000000000058000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem03: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000058000-0x0000000000059000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem04: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000059000-0x000000000005e000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem05: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000005e000-0x000000000005f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem06: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000000005f000-0x00000000000a0000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem07: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000000100000-0x00000000005b9000) (4MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem08: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000005b9000-0x0000000020000000) (506MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem09: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000020000000-0x0000000020200000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem10: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000020200000-0x00000000364e4000) (354MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem11: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000364e4000-0x000000003726a000) (13MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem12: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000003726a000-0x0000000040000000) (141MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem13: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000040000000-0x0000000040200000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem14: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000040200000-0x000000009df35000) (1501MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem15: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x000000009df35000-0x00000000d39a0000) (858MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem16: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d39a0000-0x00000000d39c0000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem17: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d39c0000-0x00000000d5df5000) (36MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem18: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d5df5000-0x00000000d6990000) (11MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem19: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6990000-0x00000000d6b82000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem20: type=1, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6b82000-0x00000000d6b9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem21: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d6b9f000-0x00000000d77b0000) (12MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem22: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d77b0000-0x00000000d780a000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem23: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d780a000-0x00000000d7826000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem24: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7826000-0x00000000d7868000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem25: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7868000-0x00000000d7869000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem26: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d7869000-0x00000000d786a000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem27: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786a000-0x00000000d786b000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem28: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786b000-0x00000000d786c000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem29: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786c000-0x00000000d786d000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem30: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d786d000-0x00000000d825f000) (9MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem31: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d825f000-0x00000000d8261000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem32: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8261000-0x00000000d82f7000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem33: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d82f7000-0x00000000d82f8000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem34: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d82f8000-0x00000000d8705000) (4MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem35: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8705000-0x00000000d8706000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem36: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8706000-0x00000000d8761000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem37: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8761000-0x00000000d8768000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem38: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d8768000-0x00000000d9b9f000) (20MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem39: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9b9f000-0x00000000d9e4c000) (2MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem40: type=2, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9e4c000-0x00000000d9e52000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem41: type=3, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000d9e52000-0x00000000da59f000) (7MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem42: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da59f000-0x00000000da6c3000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem43: type=5, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da6c3000-0x00000000da79f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem44: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da79f000-0x00000000da8b1000) (1MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem45: type=6, attr=0x800000000000000f, range=[0x00000000da8b1000-0x00000000da99f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem46: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000da99f000-0x00000000daa22000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem47: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa22000-0x00000000daa9b000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem48: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9b000-0x00000000daa9c000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem49: type=0, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9c000-0x00000000daa9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem50: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daa9f000-0x00000000daadd000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem51: type=10, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000daadd000-0x00000000dab9f000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem52: type=9, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dab9f000-0x00000000dabdc000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem53: type=9, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dabdc000-0x00000000dabff000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem54: type=4, attr=0xf, range=[0x00000000dabff000-0x00000000dac00000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem55: type=7, attr=0xf, range=[0x0000000100000000-0x000000021e600000) (4582MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem56: type=11, attr=0x8000000000000001, range=[0x00000000f80f8000-0x00000000f80f9000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] EFI: mem57: type=11, attr=0x8000000000000001, range=[0x00000000fed1c000-0x00000000fed20000) (0MB) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabde000 0003E (v01 LENOVO TP-8D 00001280 PTL 00000002) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabdd000 00042 (v01 PTL COMBUF 00000001 PTL 00000001) [ 0.000000] ACPI: UEFI 00000000dabdc000 00292 (v01 LENOVO TP-8D 00001280 PTL 00000002) [ 0.795807] fb0: EFI VGA frame buffer device [ 1.057243] EFI Variables Facility v0.08 2004-May-17 [ 9.122104] fb: conflicting fb hw usage inteldrmfb vs EFI VGA - removing generic driver ReadEFI: /dev/sda , N 128 , 0 , , PRStart 1024 , PRSize 128 WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== PARTITIONS & DISKS: sda4 : sda, not-sepboot, grubenv-ok grub2, grub-efi, update-grub, 64, with-boot, is-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, fstab-has-bad-efi, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, apt-get, grub-install, . sda3 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, haswinload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /mnt/boot-sav/sda3. sda1 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, is-correct-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /boot/efi. sda5 : sda, maybesepboot, no-grubenv nogrub, no-docgrub, no-update-grub, 32, no-boot, no-os, gpt-but-not-EFI, part-has-no-fstab, no-nt, no-winload, no-recov-nor-hid, no-bmgr, no-grldr, no-b-bcd, nopakmgr, nogrubinstall, /home. sda : GPT-BIS, GPT, no-BIOS_boot, has-correctEFI, 2048 sectors * 512 bytes =================== PARTED: Model: ATA HITACHI HTS72323 (scsi) Disk /dev/sda: 320GB Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/512B Partition Table: gpt Number Start End Size File system Name Flags 1 1049kB 106MB 105MB fat32 EFI system partition boot 2 106MB 240MB 134MB Microsoft reserved partition msftres 3 240MB 87.2GB 87.0GB ntfs Basic data partition 4 87.2GB 169GB 81.9GB ext4 5 169GB 316GB 147GB ext4 6 316GB 320GB 4096MB linux-swap(v1) =================== MOUNT: /dev/sda4 on / type ext4 (rw,errors=remount-ro) proc on /proc type proc (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev) none on /sys/fs/fuse/connections type fusectl (rw) none on /sys/kernel/debug type debugfs (rw) none on /sys/kernel/security type securityfs (rw) udev on /dev type devtmpfs (rw,mode=0755) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,noexec,nosuid,gid=5,mode=0620) tmpfs on /run type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,size=10%,mode=0755) none on /run/lock type tmpfs (rw,noexec,nosuid,nodev,size=5242880) none on /run/shm type tmpfs (rw,nosuid,nodev) /dev/sda1 on /boot/efi type vfat (rw) /dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw) gvfs-fuse-daemon on /home/vierlex/.gvfs type fuse.gvfs-fuse-daemon (rw,nosuid,nodev,user=vierlex) /dev/sda3 on /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 type fuseblk (rw,nosuid,nodev,allow_other,blksize=4096) /sys/block/sda: alignment_offset bdi capability dev device discard_alignment events events_async events_poll_msecs ext_range holders inflight power queue range removable ro sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 size slaves stat subsystem trace uevent /dev: agpgart autofs block bsg btrfs-control bus char console core cpu cpu_dma_latency disk dri ecryptfs fb0 fd full fuse hpet input kmsg log mapper mcelog mei mem net network_latency network_throughput null oldmem port ppp psaux ptmx pts random rfkill rtc rtc0 sda sda1 sda2 sda3 sda4 sda5 sda6 sg0 shm snapshot snd stderr stdin stdout tpm0 uinput urandom usbmon0 usbmon1 usbmon2 v4l vga_arbiter video0 watchdog zero /dev/mapper: control /boot/efi: EFI /boot/efi/EFI: Boot Microsoft ubuntu /boot/efi/efi: Boot Microsoft ubuntu /boot/efi/efi/Boot: bootx64.efi /boot/efi/efi/ubuntu: grubx64.efi WARNING: GPT (GUID Partition Table) detected on '/dev/sda'! The util fdisk doesn't support GPT. Use GNU Parted. =================== DF: Filesystem Type Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda4 ext4 77G 4.1G 69G 6% / udev devtmpfs 3.9G 12K 3.9G 1% /dev tmpfs tmpfs 1.6G 864K 1.6G 1% /run none tmpfs 5.0M 0 5.0M 0% /run/lock none tmpfs 3.9G 152K 3.9G 1% /run/shm /dev/sda1 vfat 96M 18M 79M 19% /boot/efi /dev/sda5 ext4 137G 2.2G 128G 2% /home /dev/sda3 fuseblk 81G 30G 52G 37% /mnt/boot-sav/sda3 =================== FDISK: Disk /dev/sda: 320.1 GB, 320072933376 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 38913 cylinders, total 625142448 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xf34fe538 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 1 625142447 312571223+ ee GPT =================== Before mainwindow FSCK no PASTEBIN yes WUBI no WINBOOT yes recommendedrepair, purge, QTY_OF_PART_FOR_REINSTAL 1 no-kernel-purge UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION yes (10s), noflag () PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sda4, FORCE_GRUB no (sda) REMOVABLEDISK no USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda3) grub2 () UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off) MBR_TO_RESTORE ( ) EFI detected. Please check the options. =================== Actions FSCK no PASTEBIN yes WUBI no WINBOOT no bootinfo, nombraction, QTY_OF_PART_FOR_REINSTAL 1 no-kernel-purge UNHIDEBOOT_ACTION no (10s), noflag () PART_TO_REINSTALL_GRUB sda4, FORCE_GRUB no (sda) REMOVABLEDISK no USE_SEPARATEBOOTPART no (sda3) grub2 () UNCOMMENT_GFXMODE no ATA ADD_KERNEL_OPTION no (acpi=off) MBR_TO_RESTORE ( ) No change has been performed on your computer. See you soon! internet: connected Thanks for your time and attention. EDIT: additional Info Request =No boot loader is installed in the MBR of /dev/sda. But maybe this is how it is supposed to work? yea this is ok. boot stuff seems to be on a seperate partition, in my case sda1. I'm very new to this UEFI thing too. missing files like bootmgr i don't really have a clue :D but yea, maybe thats how it suppose to be? Instead and whats not shown in the log for some reason: There is additional microsoft bootfiles on sda1 under /efi/microsoft/ [much stuff] I remember also doing some kind of hack to make a UEFI windows 7 usb stick. http://jake.io/b/2011/installing-windows-7-with-uefi-boot-on-an-x220-from-usb/ In short: creating and placing bootx64.efi on the stick so it can be booted in UEFI mode. boot order i decide that in my BIOS. i read somwhere that the thinkpad x220 (essential part of the serial number: 4921 http://www.lenovo.com/shop/americas/content/user_guides/x220_x220i_x220tablet_x220itablet_ug_en.pdf) doesnt really have UEFI interface or something, still, these 2 options are listed with all the other usual devices you can give a boot priority to. Right now it looks like this: Boot Priority Order 1. ubuntu 2. Windows Boot Manager 3. USB FDD 4. USB HDD 5. ATA HDD0 HITACHI [random string]

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• Toorcon14

  - by danx

  Toorcon 2012 Information Security Conference San Diego, CA, http://www.toorcon.org/ Dan Anderson, October 2012 It's almost Halloween, and we all know what that means—yes, of course, it's time for another Toorcon Conference! Toorcon is an annual conference for people interested in computer security. This includes the whole range of hackers, computer hobbyists, professionals, security consultants, press, law enforcement, prosecutors, FBI, etc. We're at Toorcon 14—see earlier blogs for some of the previous Toorcon's I've attended (back to 2003). This year's "con" was held at the Westin on Broadway in downtown San Diego, California. The following are not necessarily my views—I'm just the messenger—although I could have misquoted or misparaphrased the speakers. Also, I only reviewed some of the talks, below, which I attended and interested me. MalAndroid—the Crux of Android Infections, Aditya K. Sood Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata, Rebecca "bx" Shapiro Privacy at the Handset: New FCC Rules?, Valkyrie Hacking Measured Boot and UEFI, Dan Griffin You Can't Buy Security: Building the Open Source InfoSec Program, Boris Sverdlik What Journalists Want: The Investigative Reporters' Perspective on Hacking, Dave Maas & Jason Leopold Accessibility and Security, Anna Shubina Stop Patching, for Stronger PCI Compliance, Adam Brand McAfee Secure & Trustmarks — a Hacker's Best Friend, Jay James & Shane MacDougall MalAndroid—the Crux of Android Infections Aditya K. Sood, IOActive, Michigan State PhD candidate Aditya talked about Android smartphone malware. There's a lot of old Android software out there—over 50% Gingerbread (2.3.x)—and most have unpatched vulnerabilities. Of 9 Android vulnerabilities, 8 have known exploits (such as the old Gingerbread Global Object Table exploit). Android protection includes sandboxing, security scanner, app permissions, and screened Android app market. The Android permission checker has fine-grain resource control, policy enforcement. Android static analysis also includes a static analysis app checker (bouncer), and a vulnerablity checker. What security problems does Android have? User-centric security, which depends on the user to grant permission and make smart decisions. But users don't care or think about malware (the're not aware, not paranoid). All they want is functionality, extensibility, mobility Android had no "proper" encryption before Android 3.0 No built-in protection against social engineering and web tricks Alternative Android app markets are unsafe. Simply visiting some markets can infect Android Aditya classified Android Malware types as: Type A—Apps. These interact with the Android app framework. For example, a fake Netflix app. Or Android Gold Dream (game), which uploads user files stealthy manner to a remote location. Type K—Kernel. Exploits underlying Linux libraries or kernel Type H—Hybrid. These use multiple layers (app framework, libraries, kernel). These are most commonly used by Android botnets, which are popular with Chinese botnet authors What are the threats from Android malware? These incude leak info (contacts), banking fraud, corporate network attacks, malware advertising, malware "Hackivism" (the promotion of social causes. For example, promiting specific leaders of the Tunisian or Iranian revolutions. Android malware is frequently "masquerated". That is, repackaged inside a legit app with malware. To avoid detection, the hidden malware is not unwrapped until runtime. The malware payload can be hidden in, for example, PNG files. Less common are Android bootkits—there's not many around. What they do is hijack the Android init framework—alteering system programs and daemons, then deletes itself. For example, the DKF Bootkit (China). Android App Problems: no code signing! all self-signed native code execution permission sandbox — all or none alternate market places no robust Android malware detection at network level delayed patch process Programming Weird Machines with ELF Metadata Rebecca "bx" Shapiro, Dartmouth College, NH https://github.com/bx/elf-bf-tools @bxsays on twitter Definitions. "ELF" is an executable file format used in linking and loading executables (on UNIX/Linux-class machines). "Weird machine" uses undocumented computation sources (I think of them as unintended virtual machines). Some examples of "weird machines" are those that: return to weird location, does SQL injection, corrupts the heap. Bx then talked about using ELF metadata as (an uintended) "weird machine". Some ELF background: A compiler takes source code and generates a ELF object file (hello.o). A static linker makes an ELF executable from the object file. A runtime linker and loader takes ELF executable and loads and relocates it in memory. The ELF file has symbols to relocate functions and variables. ELF has two relocation tables—one at link time and another one at loading time: .rela.dyn (link time) and .dynsym (dynamic table). GOT: Global Offset Table of addresses for dynamically-linked functions. PLT: Procedure Linkage Tables—works with GOT. The memory layout of a process (not the ELF file) is, in order: program (+ heap), dynamic libraries, libc, ld.so, stack (which includes the dynamic table loaded into memory) For ELF, the "weird machine" is found and exploited in the loader. ELF can be crafted for executing viruses, by tricking runtime into executing interpreted "code" in the ELF symbol table. One can inject parasitic "code" without modifying the actual ELF code portions. Think of the ELF symbol table as an "assembly language" interpreter. It has these elements: instructions: Add, move, jump if not 0 (jnz) Think of symbol table entries as "registers" symbol table value is "contents" immediate values are constants direct values are addresses (e.g., 0xdeadbeef) move instruction: is a relocation table entry add instruction: relocation table "addend" entry jnz instruction: takes multiple relocation table entries The ELF weird machine exploits the loader by relocating relocation table entries. The loader will go on forever until told to stop. It stores state on stack at "end" and uses IFUNC table entries (containing function pointer address). The ELF weird machine, called "Brainfu*k" (BF) has: 8 instructions: pointer inc, dec, inc indirect, dec indirect, jump forward, jump backward, print. Three registers - 3 registers Bx showed example BF source code that implemented a Turing machine printing "hello, world". More interesting was the next demo, where bx modified ping. Ping runs suid as root, but quickly drops privilege. BF modified the loader to disable the library function call dropping privilege, so it remained as root. Then BF modified the ping -t argument to execute the -t filename as root. It's best to show what this modified ping does with an example: $ whoami bx $ ping localhost -t backdoor.sh # executes backdoor $ whoami root $ The modified code increased from 285948 bytes to 290209 bytes. A BF tool compiles "executable" by modifying the symbol table in an existing ELF executable. The tool modifies .dynsym and .rela.dyn table, but not code or data. Privacy at the Handset: New FCC Rules? "Valkyrie" (Christie Dudley, Santa Clara Law JD candidate) Valkyrie talked about mobile handset privacy. Some background: Senator Franken (also a comedian) became alarmed about CarrierIQ, where the carriers track their customers. Franken asked the FCC to find out what obligations carriers think they have to protect privacy. The carriers' response was that they are doing just fine with self-regulation—no worries! Carriers need to collect data, such as missed calls, to maintain network quality. But carriers also sell data for marketing. Verizon sells customer data and enables this with a narrow privacy policy (only 1 month to opt out, with difficulties). The data sold is not individually identifiable and is aggregated. But Verizon recommends, as an aggregation workaround to "recollate" data to other databases to identify customers indirectly. The FCC has regulated telephone privacy since 1934 and mobile network privacy since 2007. Also, the carriers say mobile phone privacy is a FTC responsibility (not FCC). FTC is trying to improve mobile app privacy, but FTC has no authority over carrier / customer relationships. As a side note, Apple iPhones are unique as carriers have extra control over iPhones they don't have with other smartphones. As a result iPhones may be more regulated. Who are the consumer advocates? Everyone knows EFF, but EPIC (Electrnic Privacy Info Center), although more obsecure, is more relevant. What to do? Carriers must be accountable. Opt-in and opt-out at any time. Carriers need incentive to grant users control for those who want it, by holding them liable and responsible for breeches on their clock. Location information should be added current CPNI privacy protection, and require "Pen/trap" judicial order to obtain (and would still be a lower standard than 4th Amendment). Politics are on a pro-privacy swing now, with many senators and the Whitehouse. There will probably be new regulation soon, and enforcement will be a problem, but consumers will still have some benefit. Hacking Measured Boot and UEFI Dan Griffin, JWSecure, Inc., Seattle, @JWSdan Dan talked about hacking measured UEFI boot. First some terms: UEFI is a boot technology that is replacing BIOS (has whitelisting and blacklisting). UEFI protects devices against rootkits. TPM - hardware security device to store hashs and hardware-protected keys "secure boot" can control at firmware level what boot images can boot "measured boot" OS feature that tracks hashes (from BIOS, boot loader, krnel, early drivers). "remote attestation" allows remote validation and control based on policy on a remote attestation server. Microsoft pushing TPM (Windows 8 required), but Google is not. Intel TianoCore is the only open source for UEFI. Dan has Measured Boot Tool at http://mbt.codeplex.com/ with a demo where you can also view TPM data. TPM support already on enterprise-class machines. UEFI Weaknesses. UEFI toolkits are evolving rapidly, but UEFI has weaknesses: assume user is an ally trust TPM implicitly, and attached to computer hibernate file is unprotected (disk encryption protects against this) protection migrating from hardware to firmware delays in patching and whitelist updates will UEFI really be adopted by the mainstream (smartphone hardware support, bank support, apathetic consumer support) You Can't Buy Security: Building the Open Source InfoSec Program Boris Sverdlik, ISDPodcast.com co-host Boris talked about problems typical with current security audits. "IT Security" is an oxymoron—IT exists to enable buiness, uptime, utilization, reporting, but don't care about security—IT has conflict of interest. There's no Magic Bullet ("blinky box"), no one-size-fits-all solution (e.g., Intrusion Detection Systems (IDSs)). Regulations don't make you secure. The cloud is not secure (because of shared data and admin access). Defense and pen testing is not sexy. Auditors are not solution (security not a checklist)—what's needed is experience and adaptability—need soft skills. Step 1: First thing is to Google and learn the company end-to-end before you start. Get to know the management team (not IT team), meet as many people as you can. Don't use arbitrary values such as CISSP scores. Quantitive risk assessment is a myth (e.g. AV*EF-SLE). Learn different Business Units, legal/regulatory obligations, learn the business and where the money is made, verify company is protected from script kiddies (easy), learn sensitive information (IP, internal use only), and start with low-hanging fruit (customer service reps and social engineering). Step 2: Policies. Keep policies short and relevant. Generic SANS "security" boilerplate policies don't make sense and are not followed. Focus on acceptable use, data usage, communications, physical security. Step 3: Implementation: keep it simple stupid. Open source, although useful, is not free (implementation cost). Access controls with authentication & authorization for local and remote access. MS Windows has it, otherwise use OpenLDAP, OpenIAM, etc. Application security Everyone tries to reinvent the wheel—use existing static analysis tools. Review high-risk apps and major revisions. Don't run different risk level apps on same system. Assume host/client compromised and use app-level security control. Network security VLAN != segregated because there's too many workarounds. Use explicit firwall rules, active and passive network monitoring (snort is free), disallow end user access to production environment, have a proxy instead of direct Internet access. Also, SSL certificates are not good two-factor auth and SSL does not mean "safe." Operational Controls Have change, patch, asset, & vulnerability management (OSSI is free). For change management, always review code before pushing to production For logging, have centralized security logging for business-critical systems, separate security logging from administrative/IT logging, and lock down log (as it has everything). Monitor with OSSIM (open source). Use intrusion detection, but not just to fulfill a checkbox: build rules from a whitelist perspective (snort). OSSEC has 95% of what you need. Vulnerability management is a QA function when done right: OpenVas and Seccubus are free. Security awareness The reality is users will always click everything. Build real awareness, not compliance driven checkbox, and have it integrated into the culture. Pen test by crowd sourcing—test with logging COSSP http://www.cossp.org/ - Comprehensive Open Source Security Project What Journalists Want: The Investigative Reporters' Perspective on Hacking Dave Maas, San Diego CityBeat Jason Leopold, Truthout.org The difference between hackers and investigative journalists: For hackers, the motivation varies, but method is same, technological specialties. For investigative journalists, it's about one thing—The Story, and they need broad info-gathering skills. J-School in 60 Seconds: Generic formula: Person or issue of pubic interest, new info, or angle. Generic criteria: proximity, prominence, timeliness, human interest, oddity, or consequence. Media awareness of hackers and trends: journalists becoming extremely aware of hackers with congressional debates (privacy, data breaches), demand for data-mining Journalists, use of coding and web development for Journalists, and Journalists busted for hacking (Murdock). Info gathering by investigative journalists include Public records laws. Federal Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) is good, but slow. California Public Records Act is a lot stronger. FOIA takes forever because of foot-dragging—it helps to be specific. Often need to sue (especially FBI). CPRA is faster, and requests can be vague. Dumps and leaks (a la Wikileaks) Journalists want: leads, protecting ourselves, our sources, and adapting tools for news gathering (Google hacking). Anonomity is important to whistleblowers. They want no digital footprint left behind (e.g., email, web log). They don't trust encryption, want to feel safe and secure. Whistleblower laws are very weak—there's no upside for whistleblowers—they have to be very passionate to do it. Accessibility and Security or: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Halting Problem Anna Shubina, Dartmouth College Anna talked about how accessibility and security are related. Accessibility of digital content (not real world accessibility). mostly refers to blind users and screenreaders, for our purpose. Accessibility is about parsing documents, as are many security issues. "Rich" executable content causes accessibility to fail, and often causes security to fail. For example MS Word has executable format—it's not a document exchange format—more dangerous than PDF or HTML. Accessibility is often the first and maybe only sanity check with parsing. They have no choice because someone may want to read what you write. Google, for example, is very particular about web browser you use and are bad at supporting other browsers. Uses JavaScript instead of links, often requiring mouseover to display content. PDF is a security nightmare. Executible format, embedded flash, JavaScript, etc. 15 million lines of code. Google Chrome doesn't handle PDF correctly, causing several security bugs. PDF has an accessibility checker and PDF tagging, to help with accessibility. But no PDF checker checks for incorrect tags, untagged content, or validates lists or tables. None check executable content at all. The "Halting Problem" is: can one decide whether a program will ever stop? The answer, in general, is no (Rice's theorem). The same holds true for accessibility checkers. Language-theoretic Security says complicated data formats are hard to parse and cannot be solved due to the Halting Problem. W3C Web Accessibility Guidelines: "Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust" Not much help though, except for "Robust", but here's some gems: * all information should be parsable (paraphrasing) * if not parsable, cannot be converted to alternate formats * maximize compatibility in new document formats Executible webpages are bad for security and accessibility. They say it's for a better web experience. But is it necessary to stuff web pages with JavaScript for a better experience? A good example is The Drudge Report—it has hand-written HTML with no JavaScript, yet drives a lot of web traffic due to good content. A bad example is Google News—hidden scrollbars, guessing user input. Solutions: Accessibility and security problems come from same source Expose "better user experience" myth Keep your corner of Internet parsable Remember "Halting Problem"—recognize false solutions (checking and verifying tools) Stop Patching, for Stronger PCI Compliance Adam Brand, protiviti @adamrbrand, http://www.picfun.com/ Adam talked about PCI compliance for retail sales. Take an example: for PCI compliance, 50% of Brian's time (a IT guy), 960 hours/year was spent patching POSs in 850 restaurants. Often applying some patches make no sense (like fixing a browser vulnerability on a server). "Scanner worship" is overuse of vulnerability scanners—it gives a warm and fuzzy and it's simple (red or green results—fix reds). Scanners give a false sense of security. In reality, breeches from missing patches are uncommon—more common problems are: default passwords, cleartext authentication, misconfiguration (firewall ports open). Patching Myths: Myth 1: install within 30 days of patch release (but PCI §6.1 allows a "risk-based approach" instead). Myth 2: vendor decides what's critical (also PCI §6.1). But §6.2 requires user ranking of vulnerabilities instead. Myth 3: scan and rescan until it passes. But PCI §11.2.1b says this applies only to high-risk vulnerabilities. Adam says good recommendations come from NIST 800-40. Instead use sane patching and focus on what's really important. From NIST 800-40: Proactive: Use a proactive vulnerability management process: use change control, configuration management, monitor file integrity. Monitor: start with NVD and other vulnerability alerts, not scanner results. Evaluate: public-facing system? workstation? internal server? (risk rank) Decide:on action and timeline Test: pre-test patches (stability, functionality, rollback) for change control Install: notify, change control, tickets McAfee Secure & Trustmarks — a Hacker's Best Friend Jay James, Shane MacDougall, Tactical Intelligence Inc., Canada "McAfee Secure Trustmark" is a website seal marketed by McAfee. A website gets this badge if they pass their remote scanning. The problem is a removal of trustmarks act as flags that you're vulnerable. Easy to view status change by viewing McAfee list on website or on Google. "Secure TrustGuard" is similar to McAfee. Jay and Shane wrote Perl scripts to gather sites from McAfee and search engines. If their certification image changes to a 1x1 pixel image, then they are longer certified. Their scripts take deltas of scans to see what changed daily. The bottom line is change in TrustGuard status is a flag for hackers to attack your site. Entire idea of seals is silly—you're raising a flag saying if you're vulnerable.

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