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  • SSL connection using Java standalone app

    - by Marquinio
    I have created a standalone executable JAR program that needs to send private information over a SSL connection. I was not able to establish the SSL connection using certificates. Was getting this: javax.net.ssl.SSLHandshakeException: sun.security.validator.ValidatorException: PKIX path `building failed: sun.security.provider.certpath.SunCertPathBuilderException: unable to find valid certification path to requested target` So I found some code somewhere that creates a trust manager that does not validate certificate chains: // Create a trust manager that does not validate certificate chains TrustManager[] trustAllCerts = new TrustManager[]{ new X509TrustManager() { public java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } public void checkClientTrusted( java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) { } public void checkServerTrusted( java.security.cert.X509Certificate[] certs, String authType) { } } }; That did the trick and I was able to establish SSL connection without any certificates. My concern is if the data will still be encrypted when exchanging private information. This is an execute JAR file that clients will be downloading to their computers. So is a certificate really necessary for this case? Thanks.

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  • Obfuscate strings in Python

    - by Caedis
    I have a password string that must be passed to a method. Everything works fine but I don't feel comfortable storing the password in clear text. Is there a way to obfuscate the string or to truly encrypt it? I'm aware that obfuscation can be reverse engineered, but I think I should at least try to cover up the password a bit. At the very least it wont be visible to a indexing program, or a stray eye giving a quick look at my code. I am aware of pyobfuscate but I don't want the whole program obfuscated, just one string and possibly the whole line itself where the variable is defined. Target platform is GNU Linux Generic (If that makes a difference)

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  • Did I find a bug in PHP's `crypt()`?

    - by Nathan Long
    I think I may have found a bug in PHP's crypt() function under Windows. However: I recognize that it's probably my fault. PHP is used by millions and worked on by thousands; my code is used by tens and worked on by me. (This argument is best explained on Coding Horror.) So I'm asking for help: show me my fault. I've been trying to find it for a few days now, with no luck. The setup I'm using a Windows server installation with Apache 2.2.14 (Win32) and PHP 5.3.2. My development box runs Windows XP Professional; the 'production' server (this is an intranet setup) runs Windows Storage Server 2003. The problem happens on both. I don't see anything in php.ini related to crypt(), but will happily answer questions about my config. The problem Several scripts in my PHP app occasionally hang: the page sits there on 'waiting for localhost' and never finishes. Each of these scripts uses crypt to hash a user's password before storing it in the database, or, in the case of the login page, to hash the entered password before comparing it to the version stored in the database. Since the login page is the simplest, I focused on it for testing. I repeatedly logged in, and found that it would hang maybe 4 out of 10 times. As an experiment, I changed the login page to use the plain text password and changed my password in the database to its plain text version. The page stopped hanging. I saw that PHP's latest version lists this bugfix: Fixed bug #51059 (crypt crashes when invalid salt are [sic] given). So I created a very simple test script, as follows, using the same salt given in an official example: $foo = crypt('rasmuslerdorf','r1'); echo $foo; This page, too, will hang, if I reload it like crazy. I only see it hanging in Chrome, but regardless of browser, the effect on Apache is the same. Effect on Apache When these pages hang, Apache's server-status page (which I explained here, regarding a different problem) increments the number of requests being processed and decrements the number of idle workers. The requests being processed almost all have a status of 'Sending Reply,' though sometimes for a moment they will show either 'Reading request' or 'keepalive (read).' Eventually, Apache may crash. When it does, the Windows crash report looks like this: szAppName: httpd.exe szAppVer: 2.2.14.0 szModName: php5ts.dll szModVer: 5.3.1.0 // OK, this report was before I upgraded to PHP 5.3.2, // but that didn't fix it offset: 00a2615 Is it my fault? I'm tempted to file a bug report to PHP on this. The argument against it is, as stated above, that bugs are nearly always my fault. However, my argument in favor of 'it's PHP's fault' is: I'm using Windows, whereas most servers use Linux (I don't get to choose this), so the chances are greater that I've found an edge case There was recently a bug with crypt(), so maybe it still has issues I have made the simplest test case I can, and I still have the problem Can anyone duplicate this? Can you suggest where I've gone wrong? Should I file the bug after all? Thanks in advance for any help you may give.

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  • BN_hex2bn magically segfaults in openSSL

    - by xunil154
    Greetings, this is my first post on stackoverflow, and i'm sorry if its a bit long. I'm trying to build a handshake protocol for my own project and am having issues with the server converting the clients RSA's public key to a Bignum. It works in my clent code, but the server segfaults when attempting to convert the hex value of the clients public RSA to a bignum. I have already checked that there is no garbidge before or after the RSA data, and have looked online, but i'm stuck. header segment: typedef struct KEYS { RSA *serv; char* serv_pub; int pub_size; RSA *clnt; } KEYS; KEYS keys; Initializing function: // Generates and validates the servers key /* code for generating server RSA left out, it's working */ //Set client exponent keys.clnt = 0; keys.clnt = RSA_new(); BN_dec2bn(&keys.clnt->e, RSA_E_S); // RSA_E_S contains the public exponent Problem code (in Network::server_handshake): // *Recieved an encrypted message from the network and decrypt into 'buffer' (1024 byte long)* cout << "Assigning clients RSA" << endl; // I have verified that 'buffer' contains the proper key if (BN_hex2bn(&keys.clnt->n, buffer) < 0) { Error("ERROR reading server RSA"); } cout << "clients RSA has been assigned" << endl; The program segfaults at BN_hex2bn(&keys.clnt->n, buffer) with the error (valgrind output) Invalid read of size 8 at 0x50DBF9F: BN_hex2bn (in /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8) by 0x40F23E: Network::server_handshake() (Network.cpp:177) by 0x40EF42: Network::startNet() (Network.cpp:126) by 0x403C38: main (server.cpp:51) Address 0x20 is not stack'd, malloc'd or (recently) free'd Process terminating with default action of signal 11 (SIGSEGV) Access not within mapped region at address 0x20 at 0x50DBF9F: BN_hex2bn (in /usr/lib/libcrypto.so.0.9.8) And I don't know why it is, Im using the exact same code in the client program, and it works just fine. Any input is greatly appriciated!

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  • how to view encrypted picture

    - by calccrypto
    how do people view encrypted pictures like on this wiki page? is there a special program to do it, or did someone decide to do some silly xor just make a point about ECB? im not a graphics person, so if there are programs to view encrypted pictures, what are they?

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  • How to keep multiple connectionString passwords safe, separate, and easy to deploy?

    - by Funka
    I know there are plenty of questions here already about this topic (I've read through as many as I could find), but I haven't yet been able to figure out how best to satisfy my particular criteria. Here are the goals: The ASP.NET application will run on a few different web servers, including localhost workstations for development. This means encrypting web.config using a machine key is out. The application will decide which connection string to use based on the server name (using a switch statement). For example, "localhost" and "dev.example.com" will use the DevDatabaseConnectionString, "test.example.com" will use the TestDatabaseConnectionString, and "www.example.com" will use the ProdDatabaseConnectionString, for example. Ideally, the exact same executables and web.config should be able to run on any of these environments, without needing to tailor or configure each environment separately every time that we deploy (something that seems like it would be easy to forget/mess up one day during a deployment, which is why we moved away from having just one connectionstring that has to be changed on each target). Deployment is currently accomplished via FTP. We will not have command-line access to the production web server. This means using aspnet_regiis.exe is out. (I could run on localhost, however, if this would still work.) We would prefer to not have to recompile the application whenever a password changes, so using web.config (or db.config or whatever) seems to make the most sense. A developer should not be able to decrypt the production database password. If a developer checks the source code out onto their localhost laptop (which would determine that it should be using the DevDatabaseConnectionString, remember?) and the laptop gets lost or stolen, it should not be possible to get at the other connection strings. Thus, having a single RSA private key to un-encrypt all three passwords cannot be considered. (Contrary to #3 above, it does seem like we'd need to have three separate key files if we went this route; these could be installed once per machine, and should the wrong key file get deployed to the wrong server, the worst that should happen is that the app can't decrypt anything---and not allow the wrong host to access the wrong database!) I know this is probably a subjective question (asking for a "best" way to do something), but given the criteria I've mentioned, I'm hoping that a single best answer will indeed arise. Thank you!

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  • Create x509 certificate with openssl/makecert tool

    - by Zé Carlos
    I'm creating a x509 certificate using makecert with the following parameters: makecert -r -pe -n "CN=Client" -ss MyApp I want to use this certificate to encrypt and decrypt data with RSA algoritm. I look to generated certificate in windows certificate store and everything seems ok (It has a private key, public key is a RSA key with 1024 bits and so on..) Now i use this C# code to encrypt data: X509Store store = new X509Store("MyApp", StoreLocation.CurrentUser); store.Open(OpenFlags.ReadOnly); X509Certificate2Collection certs = store.Certificates.Find(X509FindType.FindBySubjectName, "Client", false); X509Certificate2 _x509 = certs[0]; using (RSACryptoServiceProvider rsa = (RSACryptoServiceProvider)_x509.PrivateKey) { byte[] dataToEncrypt = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes("hello"); _encryptedData = rsa.Encrypt(dataToEncrypt, true); } When executing the Encrypt method, i receive a CryptographicException with message "Bad key". I think the code is fine. Probably i'm not creating the certificate properly. Any comments? Thanks ---------------- EDIT -------------- If anyone know how to create the certificate using OpenSsl, its also a valid answer for me.

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  • While decrypting the web.config get an error

    - by alice7
    Hi Guys, I am just trying to test this. And here is my command line: aspnet_regiis.exe -pdf "connectionStrings" c:\web.config And this is the error I got. Error – "The configuration for physical path ‘C:\Web.Config’ cannot be opened. And the permissions of that file is not read only. Can anyone please suggest.

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  • Is there any benefit to encrypting twice using pgp?

    - by ojblass
    I am asking from a "more secure" perspective. I can imagine a scenario with two required private keys needed for decryption scenarios that may make this an attractive model. This is to settle an argument. My vote is that it is not adding any additional security other than having to compromise two different private keys. I think that if it was any more secure than encrypting it one million times would be the best way to secure informaiton and I don't buy it. So I guess my question becomes is a two locking mechanism equivalent to another one locking mechanism with a single key? Update: Forgive me if the answer is obvious but my bread goes dead as I read books on the topic.

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  • Paypal Encrypted Website payments

    - by John Isaacks
    I am trying to integrate a PayPal Website Payments Standard Cart Upload payment type into my shopping cart. I integrated Google Checkout a while back and I did not find it overly confusing as I do paypal. I am getting info on how to encrypt it from here: https://cms.paypal.com/us/cgi-bin/?&cmd=_render-content&content_ID=developer/e_howto_html_encryptedwebpayments#id08A3I0P017Q Paypal says I need to generate a private key and a public certificate using OpenSSL. I went to OpenSSL and downloaded the latest release, which is just a folder containing various files but I see no application I can use, not sure what to do here. Even if I were to get OpenSSL to generate me a private key and public cert, the next step is to download either an MS or Java command line tool to create the encrypted cart ahead of time with the cart-total, tax, etc. which sounds crazy to me, like I am supposed to manually do this prior to every order?? Obviously I do not know the items in the cart the customer is going to buy before hand so I need this to be done on the fly on my website using PHP. But I am completely lost. There has to be a way to setup dynamic secure cart uploads to paypal. Can someone please point me in the right direction?

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  • openssl versus windows capi

    - by oren
    Which is better to use openssl or windows capi for ecnryption issues what is the pro and con list for both. and if it possible to write my encryptor program on openssl and decrypt it with windows capi with no problem or there are some problem with this.

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  • Encrypted volume automounting in Mac OS X

    - by nsayer
    I've had a need to create an encrypted volume on my mac for the company source code. The requirements are not terribly stringent: If someone can log into the machine as me, they win, but otherwise, they should lose. With that set of requirements, you can make it so that the disk is automatically mounted at login.

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  • Decryption Key value not match

    - by Jitendra Jadav
    public class TrippleENCRSPDESCSP { public TrippleENCRSPDESCSP() { } public void EncryptIt(string sData,ref byte[] sEncData,ref byte[] Key1,ref byte[] Key2) { try { // Create a new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider object // to generate a key and initialization vector (IV). TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider tDESalg = new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider(); // Create a string to encrypt. // Encrypt the string to an in-memory buffer. byte[] Data = EncryptTextToMemory(sData,tDESalg.Key,tDESalg.IV); sEncData = Data; Key1 = tDESalg.Key; Key2 = tDESalg.IV; } catch (Exception) { throw; } } public string DecryptIt(byte[] sEncData) { //byte[] toEncrypt = new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(sEncData); //XElement xParser = null; //XmlDocument xDoc = new XmlDocument(); try { //string Final = ""; string sPwd = null; string sKey1 = null; string sKey2 = null; //System.Text.ASCIIEncoding encoding = new System.Text.ASCIIEncoding(); string soutxml = ""; //soutxml = encoding.GetString(sEncData); soutxml = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(sEncData); sPwd = soutxml.Substring(18, soutxml.LastIndexOf("</EncPwd>") - 18); sKey1 = soutxml.Substring(18 + sPwd.Length + 15, soutxml.LastIndexOf("</Key1>") - (18 + sPwd.Length + 15)); sKey2 = soutxml.Substring(18 + sPwd.Length + 15 + sKey1.Length + 13, soutxml.LastIndexOf("</Key2>") - (18 + sPwd.Length + 15 + sKey1.Length + 13)); //xDoc.LoadXml(soutxml); //xParser = XElement.Parse(soutxml); //IEnumerable<XElement> elemsValidations = // from el in xParser.Elements("EmailPwd") // select el; #region OldCode //XmlNodeList objXmlNode = xDoc.SelectNodes("EmailPwd"); //foreach (XmlNode xmllist in objXmlNode) //{ // XmlNode xmlsubnode; // xmlsubnode = xmllist.SelectSingleNode("EncPwd"); // xmlsubnode = xmllist.SelectSingleNode("Key1"); // xmlsubnode = xmllist.SelectSingleNode("Key2"); //} #endregion //foreach (XElement elemValidation in elemsValidations) //{ // sPwd = elemValidation.Element("EncPwd").Value; // sKey1 = elemValidation.Element("Key1").Value; // sKey2 = elemValidation.Element("Key2").Value; //} //byte[] Key1 = encoding.GetBytes(sKey1); //byte[] Key2 = encoding.GetBytes(sKey2); //byte[] Data = encoding.GetBytes(sPwd); byte[] Key1 = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey1); byte[] Key2 = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sKey2); byte[] Data = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(sPwd); // Decrypt the buffer back to a string. string Final = DecryptTextFromMemory(Data, Key1, Key2); return Final; } catch (Exception) { throw; } } public static byte[] EncryptTextToMemory(string Data,byte[] Key,byte[] IV) { try { // Create a MemoryStream. MemoryStream mStream = new MemoryStream(); // Create a CryptoStream using the MemoryStream // and the passed key and initialization vector (IV). CryptoStream cStream = new CryptoStream(mStream, new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider().CreateEncryptor(Key, IV), CryptoStreamMode.Write); // Convert the passed string to a byte array. //byte[] toEncrypt = new ASCIIEncoding().GetBytes(Data); byte[] toEncrypt = ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetBytes(Data); // Write the byte array to the crypto stream and flush it. cStream.Write(toEncrypt, 0, toEncrypt.Length); cStream.FlushFinalBlock(); // Get an array of bytes from the // MemoryStream that holds the // encrypted data. byte[] ret = mStream.ToArray(); // Close the streams. cStream.Close(); mStream.Close(); // Return the encrypted buffer. return ret; } catch (CryptographicException e) { MessageBox.Show("A Cryptographic error occurred: {0}", e.Message); return null; } } public static string DecryptTextFromMemory(byte[] Data, byte[] Key, byte[] IV) { try { // Create a new MemoryStream using the passed // array of encrypted data. MemoryStream msDecrypt = new MemoryStream(Data); // Create a CryptoStream using the MemoryStream // and the passed key and initialization vector (IV). CryptoStream csDecrypt = new CryptoStream(msDecrypt, new TripleDESCryptoServiceProvider().CreateDecryptor(Key, IV), CryptoStreamMode.Write); csDecrypt.Write(Data, 0, Data.Length); //csDecrypt.FlushFinalBlock(); msDecrypt.Position = 0; // Create buffer to hold the decrypted data. byte[] fromEncrypt = new byte[msDecrypt.Length]; // Read the decrypted data out of the crypto stream // and place it into the temporary buffer. msDecrypt.Read(fromEncrypt, 0, msDecrypt.ToArray().Length); //csDecrypt.Close(); MessageBox.Show(ASCIIEncoding.ASCII.GetString(fromEncrypt)); //Convert the buffer into a string and return it. return new ASCIIEncoding().GetString(fromEncrypt); } catch (CryptographicException e) { MessageBox.Show("A Cryptographic error occurred: {0}", e.Message); return null; } } }

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  • HSM - cryptoki - opening sessions overhead

    - by Raj
    I am having a query regarding sessions with HSM. I am aware that there is an overhead if you initialise and finalise the cryptoki api for every file you want to encrypt/decrypt. My queries are, Is there an overhead in opening and closing individual sessions for every file, you want to encrypt/decrypt.(C_Initialize/C_Finalize) How many maximum number of sessions can i have for a HSM simultaneously, with out affecting the performance? Is opening and closing the session for processing individual files the best approach or opening a session and processing multiple files and then closing the session the best approach? Thanks

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  • Iterative / Additive MD5

    - by Andrew Robinson
    I need to generate a checksum over a dictionary. Keys and Values. Is there any simple way to accomplish this in an iterative way. foreach(var item in dic.Keys) checksum += checksum(dic[item]) + checksum(item); In this case, keys and values could be converted to strings, concatinated and then a single checksum applied over these but is there a better way? Ideally MD5 but other options could work. Using this to validate data that is passed over a couple of storage methods. The checksum is then encrypted along with some other information (using AES) so I am not horribly worried about an ideal, unbreakable checksum.

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  • Why is my program printing out the null termination character?

    - by Tyler Pfaff
    When I run this, it will SOMETIMES print out a null termination character. Most of the time it will, and probably 1/5 times it will print just the characters. void cryptogram::Encrypt(){ cout<<"encrypt"<tempS){ len=tempS.length(); int a=0; for(int j=0;j if(j!=len){ //if the word still has more characters j++; a=0; }else{ //if the word is done being scanned cout<<" "; } } } } } } } So that's it and this is the corresponding EXPECTED output that is printed SOMETIMES xvk bkikhxlr wggbtfkj wiylekgbdhx wjjm hko wigbtubxt xvk iwhj uedjkm glctb gvrmdiwhj iebbdielmeggtbx ctb xvtmk gbtubxvk wjjdxdthgbtubodll khvxvk imkbfdik xt xvk bkudth whj gbtfdjk hko tgxdthm whj tggtbxehdxdkm ctb mxejkhxmibdzdhtltur whj pemxdik mxejdkm mxdh cok wbk wlmt gbkgctb cteb hko zdh cgvrmdikjeiwhj qdhkmdtlturzzkjdydtivkzdmxbrw zdh zdjjlkkjeiwhj w jtixtbdh kjeiwjzdhdmxbittgkbodxv mjme whj eimj This is what normally prints though xvkÈ bkikhxlrÈ wggbtfkjÈ wiylekgbdhxÈ wjjmÈ hkoÈ wigbtubxtÈ xvkÈ iwhjÈ uedjkmÈ glctbÈ gvrmdiwhjÈ iebbdielmeggtbxÈ ctbÈ xvtmkÈ gbtubxvkÈ wjjdxdthgbtubodllÈ khvxvkÈ imkbfdikÈ xtÈ xvkÈ bkudthÈ whjÈ gbtfdjkÈ hkoÈ tgxdthmÈ whjÈ tggtbxehdxdkmÈ ctbÈ mxejkhxmibdzdhtlturÈ whjÈ pemxdikÈ mxejdkmÈ mxdhÈ cokÈ wbkÈ wlmtÈ gbkgctbÈ ctebÈ hkoÈ zdhÈ cgvrmdikjeiwhjÈ qdhkmdtlturzzkjdydtivkzdmxbrwÈ zdhÈ zdjjlkkjeiwhjÈ wÈ jtixtbdhÈ kjeiwjzdhdmxbittgkbodxvÈ mjmeÈ whjÈ eimj or some variation of an odd character at the end of each word This is what the cryptogram array is filled with by the way wyijkcuvdpqlzhtgabmxefonrs

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  • Can't decrypt after encrypting with blowfish Java

    - by user2030599
    Hello i'm new to Java and i have the following problem: i'm trying to encrypt the password of a user using the blowfish algorithm, but when i try to decrypt it back to check the authentication it fails to decrypt it for some reason. public static String encryptBlowFish(String to_encrypt, String salt){ String dbpassword = null; try{ SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec( salt.getBytes(), "Blowfish" ); // Instantiate the cipher. Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); //byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal( URLEncoder.encode(data).getBytes() ); byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal( to_encrypt.getBytes() ); dbpassword = new String(encrypted); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception while encrypting"); e.printStackTrace(); dbpassword = null; } finally { return dbpassword; } } public static String decryptBlowFish(String to_decrypt, String salt){ String dbpassword = null; try{ SecretKeySpec skeySpec = new SecretKeySpec( salt.getBytes(), "Blowfish" ); // Instantiate the cipher. Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("Blowfish/CBC/PKCS5Padding"); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, skeySpec); //byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal( URLEncoder.encode(data).getBytes() ); byte[] encrypted = cipher.doFinal( to_decrypt.getBytes() ); dbpassword = new String(encrypted); } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("Exception while decrypting"); e.printStackTrace(); dbpassword = null; } finally { return dbpassword; } } When i call the decrypt function it gives me the following error: java.security.InvalidKeyException: Parameters missing Any ideas? Thank you

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  • Can you figure out the password hashing scheme?

    - by Adal
    I have two passwords and two resulting hashes. I can't figure out how the hash is derived from the password. I don't know if salting is used. I don't know if the password is hashed as a integer value or as a string (possibly Unicode). Password: 6770 Hash: c12114b91a3841c143bbeb121693e80b Password: 9591 Hash: 25238d578b6a61c2c54bfe55742984c1 The hash length seems to suggest MD5. Anybody has any ideas what I could try? Note: This is not for hacking purposes. I'm trying to access a service through an API instead of it's desktop client, and I can't figure out how to compute the password hash. Currently instead of using my real password I'm sending directly the hash.

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  • AES-XTS implementation in C#

    - by Ranhiru
    Is there any implementation of AES-XTS written in C# available in the Internet? Bouncy Castle disappointed me :( I took the source codes of TrueCrypt and FreeOTFE but they are written in C which is very hard for me to understand... Anyone?

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