Search Results

Search found 12933 results on 518 pages for 'wikipedia api'.

Page 385/518 | < Previous Page | 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392  | Next Page >

  • log-back and thirdparty writing to stdout. How to stop them getting interleaved.

    - by David Roussel
    First some background. I have a batch-type java process run from a DOS batch script. All the java logging goes to stdout, and the batch script redirects the stdout to a file. (This is good for me because I can ECHO from the script and it gets into the log file, so I can see all the java JVM command line args, which is great for debugging.) I may not I use slf4j API, and for the backend I used to use log4j, but recently switched to logback-classic. Although all my application code uses slf4j, I have a third party library that does it's own logging (not using a standard API) which also gets written to stdout. The problem is that sometimes log lines get mixed up and don't cleanly appear on separate lines. Here is an example of some messed up output: 2010-05-28 18:00:44.783 [thread-1 ] INFO CreditCorrelationElementBuilderImpl - Bump parameters exist for scenario, now attempting bumping. [indexDisplayName=STANDARD_S1_v300] 2010-05-28 18:01:43.517 [thread-1 ] INFO CreditCorrelationElementBuilderImpl - Found adjusted point in data, now applying bump. [point=0.144040000000000] 2010-05-28 18:01:58.642 [thread-1 ] DEBUG com.company.request.Request - Generated request for [dealName=XXX_20050225_01[5],dealType=GENERIC_XXX,correlationType=2,copulaType=1] in 73.8 s, Simon Stopwatch: [sys1.batchpricer.reqgen.gen INHERIT] total 1049 s, counter 24, max 74.1 s, min 212 ms 2010-05-28 18:05/28/10 18:02:20.236 INFO: [ServiceEvent] SubmittedTask:BC-STRESS_04_FZBC-2010-05-21-545024448189310126-23 01:58.658 [req-writer-2b ] INFO .c.g.r.o.OptionalFileDocumentOutput - Writing request XML to \\filserver\dir\file1.xml - write time: 21.4 ms - Simon Stopwatch: [sys1.batchpricer.reqgen.writeinputfile INHERIT] total 905 ms, counter 24, max 109 ms, min 10.8 ms 2010-05-28 18:02:33.626 [ResponseCallbacks-1: DriverJobSpace$TakeJobRunner$1] ERROR c.c.s.s.D.CalculatorCallback - Id:23 no deal found !! 2010-0505/28/10 18:02:50.267 INFO: [ServiceEvent] CompletedTask:BC-STRESS_04_FZBC-2010-05-21-545024448189310126-23:Total:24 Now comparing back to older log files, it seems the problem didn't occur when using log4j as the logging backend. So logback must be doing something different. The problem seems to be that although PrintStream.write(byte buf[], int off, int len) is synchronized, however I can see in ch.qos.logback.core.joran.spi.ConsoleTarget that System.out.write(int b) is the only write method called. So inbetween logback outputting each byte, the thirdparty library is managing to write a whole string to the stdout. (Not only is this cause me a problem, but it must also be a little inefficient?) Is there any other fix to this interleaving problem than patching the code to ConsoleTarget so it implments the other write methods? Any nice work arounds. Or should I just file a bug report? Here is my logback.xml: <configuration> <appender name="STDOUT" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender"> <encoder> <pattern>%d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} [%-16thread] %-5level %-35.35logger{30} - %msg%n</pattern> </encoder> </appender> <root level="DEBUG"> <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" /> </root> </configuration> I'm using logback 0.9.20 with java 1.6.0_07.

    Read the article

  • Object validator - is this good design?

    - by neo2862
    I'm working on a project where the API methods I write have to return different "views" of domain objects, like this: namespace View.Product { public class SearchResult : View { public string Name { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } } public class Profile : View { public string Name { get; set; } public decimal Price { get; set; } [UseValidationRuleset("FreeText")] public string Description { get; set; } [SuppressValidation] public string Comment { get; set; } } } These are also the arguments of setter methods in the API which have to be validated before storing them in the DB. I wrote an object validator that lets the user define validation rulesets in an XML file and checks if an object conforms to those rules: [Validatable] public class View { [SuppressValidation] public ValidationError[] ValidationErrors { get { return Validator.Validate(this); } } } public static class Validator { private static Dictionary<string, Ruleset> Rulesets; static Validator() { // read rulesets from xml } public static ValidationError[] Validate(object obj) { // check if obj is decorated with ValidatableAttribute // if not, return an empty array (successful validation) // iterate over the properties of obj // - if the property is decorated with SuppressValidationAttribute, // continue // - if it is decorated with UseValidationRulesetAttribute, // use the ruleset specified to call // Validate(object value, string rulesetName, string FieldName) // - otherwise, get the name of the property using reflection and // use that as the ruleset name } private static List<ValidationError> Validate(object obj, string fieldName, string rulesetName) { // check if the ruleset exists, if not, throw exception // call the ruleset's Validate method and return the results } } public class Ruleset { public Type Type { get; set; } public Rule[] Rules { get; set; } public List<ValidationError> Validate(object property, string propertyName) { // check if property is of type Type // if not, throw exception // iterate over the Rules and call their Validate methods // return a list of their return values } } public abstract class Rule { public Type Type { get; protected set; } public abstract ValidationError Validate(object value, string propertyName); } public class StringRegexRule : Rule { public string Regex { get; set; } public StringRegexRule() { Type = typeof(string); } public override ValidationError Validate(object value, string propertyName) { // see if Regex matches value and return // null or a ValidationError } } Phew... Thanks for reading all of this. I've already implemented it and it works nicely, and I'm planning to extend it to validate the contents of IEnumerable fields and other fields that are Validatable. What I'm particularly concerned about is that if no ruleset is specified, the validator tries to use the name of the property as the ruleset name. (If you don't want that behavior, you can use [SuppressValidation].) This makes the code much less cluttered (no need to use [UseValidationRuleset("something")] on every single property) but it somehow doesn't feel right. I can't decide if it's awful or awesome. What do you think? Any suggestions on the other parts of this design are welcome too. I'm not very experienced and I'm grateful for any help. Also, is "Validatable" a good name? To me, it sounds pretty weird but I'm not a native English speaker.

    Read the article

  • simplexml help how do I parse this?

    - by bbutle01
    I haven't done any xml projects, so I'm not quite sure what to do with this data... I'm using curl to make a request to salesforce, and they give me back a response that I need to parse. I want to use simplexml. Here's part of the response: <soapenv:Envelope xmlns:soapenv="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/envelope/" xmlns="urn:partner.soap.sforce.com" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"> <soapenv:Body> <loginResponse> <result> <metadataServerUrl> https://na6-api.salesforce.com/services/Soap/m/18.0/ </metadataServerUrl> <passwordExpired> false </passwordExpired> <sandbox> false </sandbox> <serverUrl> https://na6-api.salesforce.com/services/Soap/u/18.0/ </serverUrl> <sessionId> !AQ4AQLtDIqY. </sessionId> <userId> </userId> <userInfo> <accessibilityMode> false </accessibilityMode> <currencySymbol> $ </currencySymbol> <orgDefaultCurrencyIsoCode> USD </orgDefaultCurrencyIsoCode> <orgDisallowHtmlAttachments> false </orgDisallowHtmlAttachments> <orgHasPersonAccounts> false </orgHasPersonAccounts> <organizationId> </organizationId> <organizationMultiCurrency> false </organizationMultiCurrency> <organizationName> Ox </organizationName> <profileId> sdfgsdfg </profileId> <roleId> sdfgsdfg </roleId> <userDefaultCurrencyIsoCode xsi:nil="true"/> <userEmail> ###@gmail.com </userEmail> <userFullName> ### ### </userFullName> <userId> asdfasdf </userId> <userLanguage> en_US </userLanguage> <userLocale> en_US </userLocale> <userName> [email protected] </userName> <userTimeZone> America/Chicago </userTimeZone> <userType> Standard </userType> <userUiSkin> Theme3 </userUiSkin> </userInfo> </result> </loginResponse> </soapenv:Body> </soapenv:Envelope> Anyway, I expected to feed that stuff (we'll call it data) into $results = simplexml_load_string($data); var_dump($results); And that would give me all the data back... and then to access specific parts, it would be $results-body-loginResponse-blah-blah... But It's not giving me that, it's not really giving me anything back, just an empty simple xml object... So one website made me think I might need an XSLT to read this correctly. Or something else made me think it's because I don't have at the top. Help!

    Read the article

  • Problem with python class

    - by Tasbeer
    Hi I am new to Python and as a part of my assignment I have written the following class import nltk.stem.api class BanglaStemmer(nltk.stem.api.StemmerI): suffixList = ['\xef\xbb\xbf\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa7\x9f\xe0\xa7\x8b\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb8\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\x9b\n', '\xe0\xa6\xa4\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb8\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9a\xe0\xa7\x8d\xe0\xa6\x9b\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb2\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb8\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\x9b\n', '\xe0\xa6\xa4\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xa4\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\n', '\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbe\xe0\xa6\xae\n', '\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xa4\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\xe0\xa6\xb8\n', '\xe0\xa7\x81\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa7\x81\xe0\xa6\x95\n', '\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\xb2\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\xac\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\xa4\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa6\xb2\n', '\xe0\xa6\xa4\n', '\xe0\xa7\x8b\n', '\xe0\xa6\xbf\n', '\xe0\xa7\x87\n', '\xe0\xa7\x8d\n', '\xe0\xa6\x87\n', '\xe0\xa6\xac\n', '\xe0\xa6\xb8\n', '\xe0\xa6\xa8\n', '\xe0\xa6\x95\n', '\xe0\xa6\x93\n', '\xe0\xa7\x9f\n'] def stem(self,token): for suffix in suffixList: if token.endswith(suffix): return token[:-len(suffix)] return token The problem is that when I try to compile run it by creating an instance and calling the stem() function with a parameter , it says that the suffixList is not defined. Couldn't figure out what's the problem. Is there a different way in which the class variables have to be declared ? please help

    Read the article

  • XML Outputting - PHP vs JS vs Anything Else?

    - by itsphil
    Hi everyone, I am working on developing a Travel website which uses XML API's to get the data. However i am relatively new to XML and outputting it. I have been experimenting with using PHP to output a test XML file, but currently the furthest iv got is to only output a few records. As it the questions states i need to know which technology will be best for this project. Below iv included some points to take into consideration. The website is going to be a large sized, heavy traffic site (expedia/lastminute size) My skillset is PHP (intermediate/high skilled) & Javascript (intermediate/high skilled) Below is an example of the XML that the API is outputting: <?xml version="1.0"?> <response method="###" success="Y"> <errors> </errors> <request> <auth password="test" username="test" /> <method action="###" sitename="###" /> </request> <results> <line id="6" logourl="###" name="Line 1" smalllogourl="###"> <ships> <ship id="16" name="Ship 1" /> <ship id="453" name="Ship 2" /> <ship id="468" name="Ship 3" /> <ship id="356" name="Ship 4" /> </ships> </line> <line id="63" logourl="###" name="Line 2" smalllogourl="###"> <ships> <ship id="492" name="Ship 1" /> <ship id="454" name="Ship 2" /> <ship id="455" name="Ship 3" /> <ship id="421" name="Ship 4" /> <ship id="401" name="Ship 5" /> <ship id="404" name="Ship 6" /> <ship id="405" name="Ship 7" /> <ship id="406" name="Ship 8" /> <ship id="407" name="Ship 9" /> <ship id="408" name="Ship 10" /> </ships> </line> <line id="41" logourl="###"> <ships> <ship id="229" name="Ship 1" /> <ship id="230" name="Ship 2" /> <ship id="231" name="Ship 3" /> <ship id="445" name="Ship 4" /> <ship id="570" name="Ship 5" /> <ship id="571" name="Ship 6" /> </ships> </line> </results> </response> If possible when suggesting which technlogy is best for this project, if you could provide some getting started guides or any information would be very much appreciated. Thank you for taking the time to read this.

    Read the article

  • jQuery encoding values differently than expected for jQuery.ajax data elements

    - by Adam Tuttle
    I'm using jQuery.ajax() to make a PUT request to a REST web service, but seeing some really strange serialization behavior. (Before you say it: Yes, I know that not all browsers support PUT -- this is just an example implementation for an api/framework, and ultimately will not be called by a browser, but rather by a server-side library that does support the extra http verbs.) Here's the form: <form action="/example/api/artist" method="put" id="update"> First Name: <input type="text" name="firstname" /><br/> Last Name: <input type="text" name="lastname" /><br/> Address: <input type="text" name="address" /><br/> City: <input type="text" name="city" /><br/> State: <input type="text" name="state" /><br/> Postal Code: <input type="text" name="postalcode" /><br/> Email: <input type="text" name="email" /><br/> Phone: <input type="text" name="phone" /><br/> Fax: <input type="text" name="fax" /><br/> Password: <input type="text" name="thepassword" /><br/> <input type="hidden" name="debug" value="true" /> <input type="submit" value="Update Artist" /> <input type="reset" value="Cancel" id="updateCancel" /> </form> And the JS: $("#update").submit(function(e){ e.preventDefault(); var frm = $(this); $.ajax({ url: frm.attr('action'), data:{ firstname: $("#update input[name=firstname]").val(), lastname: $("#update input[name=lastname]").val(), address: $("#update input[name=address]").val(), city: $("#update input[name=city]").val(), state: $("#update input[name=state]").val(), postalcode: $("#update input[name=postalcode]").val(), email: $("#update input[name=email]").val(), phone: $("#update input[name=phone]").val(), fax: $("#update input[name=fax]").val(), thepassword: $("#update input[name=thepassword]").val() }, type: frm.attr('method'), dataType: "json", contentType: "application/json", success: function (data, textStatus, xhr){ console.log(data); reloadData(); }, error: function (xhr, textStatus, err){ console.log(textStatus); console.log(err); } }); }); When using FireBug, I see the request go through as this: firstname=Austin&lastname=Weber&address=25463+Main+Street%2C+Suite+C&city=Berkeley&state=CA&postalcode=94707-4513&email=austin%40life.com&phone=555-513-4318&fax=510-513-4888&thepassword=nopolyes That's not horrible, but ideally I'd rather get %20 instead of + for spaces. I tried wrapping each field value lookup in an escape: firstname: escape($("#update input[name=firstname]").val()) But that makes things worse: firstname=Austin&lastname=Weber&address=25463%2520Main%2520Street%252C%2520Suite%2520C&city=Berkeley&state=CA&postalcode=94707-4513&email=austin%40life.com&phone=555-513-4318&fax=510-513-4888&thepassword=nopolyes In this case, the value is being escaped twice; so first the space is encoded to %20, and then the % sign is escaped to %25 resulting in the %2520 for spaces, and %252C for the comma in the address field. What am I doing wrong here?

    Read the article

  • CFStrings and storing them into models, related topics

    - by Jasconius
    I have a very frustrating issue that I believe involves CFStringRef and passing them along to custom model properties. The code is pretty messy right now as I am in a debug state, but I will try to describe the problem in words as best as I can. I have a custom model, User, which for irrelevant reasons, I am storing CF types derived from the Address Book API into. Examples include: Name, email as NSStrings. I am simply retrieving the CFStringRef value from the AddressBook API and casting as a string, whereupon I assign to the custom model instance and then CFRelease the string. These NSString properties are set as (nonatomic, retain). I then store this model into an NSArray, and I use this Array as a datasource for a UITableView When accessing the object in the cellForRowAtIndexPath, I get a memory access error. When I do a Debug, I see that the value for this datasource array appears at first glance to be corrupted. I've seen strange values assigned to it, including just plain strings, such as one that I fed to an NSLog function in earlier in the method. So, the thing that leads me to believe that this is Core Foundation related is that I am executing this exact same code, in the same class even, on non-Address Book data, in fact, just good old JSON parsed strings, which produce true Cocoa NSStrings, that I follow the same exact steps to create the datasource array. This code works fine. I have a feeling that my (retain) property declaration and/or my [stringVar release] in my custom model dealloc method may be causing memory problems (since it is my understanding that you shouldn't call a Cocoa retain or release on a CF object). Here is the code. I know some of this is super-roundabout but I was trying to make things as explicit as possible for the sake of debugging. NSMutableArray *friendUsers = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init]; int numberOfPeople = CFArrayGetCount(people); for (int i = 0; i < numberOfPeople; i++) { ABMutableMultiValueRef emails = ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonEmailProperty); if (ABMultiValueGetCount(emails) > 0) { User *addressContact = [[User alloc] init]; NSString *firstName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonFirstNameProperty); NSString *lastName = (NSString *)ABRecordCopyValue(CFArrayGetValueAtIndex(people, i), kABPersonLastNameProperty); NSLog(@"%@ and %@", firstName, lastName); NSString *fullName = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@ %@", firstName, lastName]; NSString *email = [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%@", (NSString *)ABMultiValueCopyValueAtIndex(emails, 0)]; NSLog(@"the email: %@", email); [addressContact setName:fullName]; [addressContact setEmail:email]; [friendUsers addObject:addressContact]; [firstName release]; [lastName release]; [email release]; [addressContact release]; } CFRelease(emails); } NSLog(@"friend count: %d", [friendUsers count]); abFriends = [NSArray arrayWithArray:friendUsers]; [friendUsers release]; All of that works, every logging statement returns as expected. But when I use abFriends as a datasource, poof. Dead. Is my approach all wrong? Any advice?

    Read the article

  • How to filter using a dropdown in Knockout

    - by user517406
    I have just started using Knockout and I want to filter my data that I am displaying in my UI by selecting an item from a dropdown. I have got so far, but I cannot get the selected value from my dropdown yet, and then after that I need to actually filter the data displayed based upon that value. Here is my code so far : @model Models.Fixture @{ ViewBag.Title = "Fixtures"; Layout = "~/Areas/Development/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml"; } @Scripts.Render("~/bundles/jqueryval") <script type="text/javascript" src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/knockout-2.1.0.js")"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> function FixturesViewModel() { var self = this; var baseUri = '@ViewBag.ApiUrl'; self.fixtures = ko.observableArray(); self.teams = ko.observableArray(); self.update = function (fixture) { $.ajax({ type: "PUT", url: baseUri + '/' + fixture.Id, data: fixture }); }; self.sortByAwayTeamScore = function () { this.fixtures.sort(function(a, b) { return a.AwayTeamScore < b.AwayTeamScore ? -1 : 1; }); }; self.select = function (team) { }; $.getJSON("/api/fixture", self.fixtures); $.getJSON("/api/team", self.teams); } $(document).ready(function () { ko.applyBindings(new FixturesViewModel()); }); </script> <div class="content"> <div> <table><tr><td><select data-bind="options: teams, optionsText: 'TeamName', optionsCaption: 'Select...', optionsValue: 'TeamId', click: $root.select"> </select></td></tr></table> <table class="details ui-widget-content"> <thead> <tr><td>FixtureId</td><td>Season</td><td>Week</td><td>AwayTeam</td><td><a id="header" data-bind='click: sortByAwayTeamScore'>AwayTeamScore</a></td><td>HomeTeam</td><td>HomeTeamScore</td></tr> </thead> <tbody data-bind="foreach: fixtures"> <tr> <td><span data-bind="text: $data.Id"></span></td> <td><span data-bind="text: $data.Season"></span></td> <td><span data-bind="text: $data.Week"></span></td> <td><span data-bind="text: $data.AwayTeamName"></span></td> <td><input type="text" data-bind="value: $data.AwayTeamScore"/></td> <td><span data-bind="text: $data.HomeTeamName"></span></td> <td><input type="text" data-bind="value: $data.HomeTeamScore"/></td> <td><input type="button" value="Update" data-bind="click: $root.update"/></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> Can anybody please advise on this?

    Read the article

  • C++ Simple thread with parameter (no .net)

    - by Marc Vollmer
    I've searched the internet for a while now and found different solutions but then all don't really work or are to complicated for my use. I used C++ until 2 years ago so it might be a bit rusty :D I'm currently writing a program that posts data to an URL. It only posts the data nothing else. For posting the data I use curl, but it blocks the main thread and while the first post is still running there will be a second post that should start. In the end there are about 5-6 post operations running at the same time. Now I want to push the posting with curl into another thread. One thread per post. The thread should get a string parameter with the content what to push. I'm currently stuck on this. Tried the WINAPI for windows but that crashes on reading the parameter. (the second thread is still running in my example while the main thread ended (waiting on system("pause")). It would be nice to have a multi plattform solution, because it will run under windows and linux! Heres my current code: #define CURL_STATICLIB #include <curl/curl.h> #include <curl/easy.h> #include <cstdlib> #include <iostream> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <string> #if defined(WIN32) #include <windows.h> #else //#include <pthread.h> #endif using namespace std; void post(string post) { // Function to post it to url CURL *curl; // curl object CURLcode res; // CURLcode object curl = curl_easy_init(); // init curl if(curl) { // is curl init curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_URL, "http://10.8.27.101/api.aspx"); // set url string data = "api=" + post; // concat post data strings curl_easy_setopt(curl, CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, data.c_str()); // post data res = curl_easy_perform(curl); // execute curl_easy_cleanup(curl); // cleanup } else { cerr << "Failed to create curl handle!\n"; } } #if defined(WIN32) DWORD WINAPI thread(LPVOID data) { // WINAPI Thread string pData = *((string*)data); // convert LPVOID to string [THIS FAILES] post(pData); // post it with curl } #else // Linux version #endif void startThread(string data) { // FUnction to start the thread string pData = data; // some Test #if defined(WIN32) CreateThread(NULL, 0, (LPTHREAD_START_ROUTINE)thread, &pData, 0, NULL); // Start a Windows thread with winapi #else // Linux version #endif } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { // The post data to send string postData = "test1234567890"; startThread(postData); // Start the thread system("PAUSE"); // Dont close the console window return EXIT_SUCCESS; } Has anyone a suggestion? Thanks for the help!

    Read the article

  • I never really understood: what is Application Binary Interface (ABI)?

    - by claws
    I never clearly understood what is an ABI. I'm sorry for such a lengthy question. I just want to clearly understand things. Please don't point me to wiki article, If could understand it, I wouldn't be here posting such a lengthy post. This is my mindset about different interfaces: TV remote is an interface between user and TV. It is an existing entity but useless (doesn't provide any functionality) by itself. All the functionality for each of those buttons on the remote is implemented in the Television set. Interface: It is a "existing entity" layer between the functionality and consumer of that functionality. An, interface by itself is doesn't do anything. It just invokes the functionality lying behind. Now depending on who the user is there are different type of interfaces. Command Line Interface(CLI) commands are the existing entities, consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: commands consumer: user Graphical User Interface(GUI) window,buttons etc.. are the existing entities, again consumer is the user and functionality lies behind. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: window,buttons etc.. consumer: user Application Programming Interface(API) functions or to be more correct, interfaces (in interfaced based programming) are the existing entities, consumer here is another program not a user. and again functionality lies behind this layer. functionality: my software functionality which solves some purpose to which we are describing this interface. existing entities: functions, Interfaces(array of functions). consumer: another program/application. Application Binary Interface (ABI) Here is my problem starts. functionality: ??? existing entities: ??? consumer: ??? I've wrote few softwares in different languages and provided different kind of interfaces (CLI, GUI, API) but I'm not sure, if I ever, provided any ABI. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_binary_interface says: ABIs cover details such as data type, size, and alignment; the calling convention, which controls how functions' arguments are passed and return values retrieved; the system call numbers and how an application should make system calls to the operating system; Other ABIs standardize details such as the C++ name mangling,[2] . exception propagation,[3] and calling convention between compilers on the same platform, but do not require cross-platform compatibility. Who needs these details? Please don't say, OS. I know assembly programming. I know how linking & loading works. I know what exactly happens inside. Where did C++ name mangling come in between? I thought we are talking at the binary level. Where did languages come in between? anyway, I've downloaded the [PDF] System V Application Binary Interface Edition 4.1 (1997-03-18) to see what exactly it contains. Well, most of it didn't make any sense. Why does it contain 2 chapters (4th & 5th) which describe the ELF file format.Infact, these are the only 2 significant chapters that specification. Rest of all the chapters "Processor Specific". Anyway, I thought that it is completely different topic. Please don't say that ELF file format specs are the ABI. It doesn't qualify to be Interface according to the definition. I know, since we are talking at such low level it must be very specific. But I'm not sure how is it "Instruction Set Architecture(ISA)" specific? Where can I find MS Window's ABI? So, these are the major queries that are bugging me.

    Read the article

  • Linux-Containers — Part 1: Overview

    - by Lenz Grimmer
    "Containers" by Jean-Pierre Martineau (CC BY-NC-SA 2.0). Linux Containers (LXC) provide a means to isolate individual services or applications as well as of a complete Linux operating system from other services running on the same host. To accomplish this, each container gets its own directory structure, network devices, IP addresses and process table. The processes running in other containers or the host system are not visible from inside a container. Additionally, Linux Containers allow for fine granular control of resources like RAM, CPU or disk I/O. Generally speaking, Linux Containers use a completely different approach than "classicial" virtualization technologies like KVM or Xen (on which Oracle VM Server for x86 is based on). An application running inside a container will be executed directly on the operating system kernel of the host system, shielded from all other running processes in a sandbox-like environment. This allows a very direct and fair distribution of CPU and I/O-resources. Linux containers can offer the best possible performance and several possibilities for managing and sharing the resources available. Similar to Containers (or Zones) on Oracle Solaris or FreeBSD jails, the same kernel version runs on the host as well as in the containers; it is not possible to run different Linux kernel versions or other operating systems like Microsoft Windows or Oracle Solaris for x86 inside a container. However, it is possible to run different Linux distribution versions (e.g. Fedora Linux in a container on top of an Oracle Linux host), provided it supports the version of the Linux kernel that runs on the host. This approach has one caveat, though - if any of the containers causes a kernel crash, it will bring down all other containers (and the host system) as well. For example, Oracle's Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 2 (2.6.39) is supported for both Oracle Linux 5 and 6. This makes it possible to run Oracle Linux 5 and 6 container instances on top of an Oracle Linux 6 system. Since Linux Containers are fully implemented on the OS level (the Linux kernel), they can be easily combined with other virtualization technologies. It's certainly possible to set up Linux containers within a virtualized Linux instance that runs inside Oracle VM Server for Oracle VM Virtualbox. Some use cases for Linux Containers include: Consolidation of multiple separate Linux systems on one server: instances of Linux systems that are not performance-critical or only see sporadic use (e.g. a fax or print server or intranet services) do not necessarily need a dedicated server for their operations. These can easily be consolidated to run inside containers on a single server, to preserve energy and rack space. Running multiple instances of an application in parallel, e.g. for different users or customers. Each user receives his "own" application instance, with a defined level of service/performance. This prevents that one user's application could hog the entire system and ensures, that each user only has access to his own data set. It also helps to save main memory — if multiple instances of a same process are running, the Linux kernel can share memory pages that are identical and unchanged across all application instances. This also applies to shared libraries that applications may use, they are generally held in memory once and mapped to multiple processes. Quickly creating sandbox environments for development and testing purposes: containers that have been created and configured once can be archived as templates and can be duplicated (cloned) instantly on demand. After finishing the activity, the clone can safely be discarded. This allows to provide repeatable software builds and test environments, because the system will always be reset to its initial state for each run. Linux Containers also boot significantly faster than "classic" virtual machines, which can save a lot of time when running frequent build or test runs on applications. Safe execution of an individual application: if an application running inside a container has been compromised because of a security vulnerability, the host system and other containers remain unaffected. The potential damage can be minimized, analyzed and resolved directly from the host system. Note: Linux Containers on Oracle Linux 6 with the Unbreakable Enterprise Kernel Release 2 (2.6.39) are still marked as Technology Preview - their use is only recommended for testing and evaluation purposes. The Open-Source project "Linux Containers" (LXC) is driving the development of the technology behind this, which is based on the "Control Groups" (CGroups) and "Name Spaces" functionality of the Linux kernel. Oracle is actively involved in the Linux Containers development and contributes patches to the upstream LXC code base. Control Groups provide means to manage and monitor the allocation of resources for individual processes or process groups. Among other things, you can restrict the maximum amount of memory, CPU cycles as well as the disk and network throughput (in MB/s or IOP/s) that are available for an application. Name Spaces help to isolate process groups from each other, e.g. the visibility of other running processes or the exclusive access to a network device. It's also possible to restrict a process group's access and visibility of the entire file system hierarchy (similar to a classic "chroot" environment). CGroups and Name Spaces provide the foundation on which Linux containers are based on, but they can actually be used independently as well. A more detailed description of how Linux Containers can be created and managed on Oracle Linux will be explained in the second part of this article. Additional links related to Linux Containers: OTN Article: The Role of Oracle Solaris Zones and Linux Containers in a Virtualization Strategy Linux Containers on Wikipedia - Lenz Grimmer Follow me on: Personal Blog | Facebook | Twitter | Linux Blog |

    Read the article

  • Create Chemistry Equations and Diagrams in Word

    - by Matthew Guay
    Microsoft Word is a great tool for formatting text, but what if you want to insert a chemistry formula or diagram?  Thanks to a new free add-in for Word, you can now insert high-quality chemistry formulas and diagrams directly from the Ribbon in Word. Microsoft’s new Education Labs has recently released the new Chemistry Add-in for Word 2007 and 2010.  This free download adds support for entering and editing chemistry symbols, diagrams, and formulas using the standard XML based Chemical Markup Language.  You can convert any chemical name, such as benzene, or formula, such as H2O, into a chemical diagram, standard name, or formula.  Whether you’re a professional chemist, just taking chemistry in school, or simply curious about the makeup of Citric Acid, this add-in is an exciting way to bring chemistry to your computer. This add-in works great on Word 2007 and 2010, including the 64 bit version of Word 2010.  Please note that the current version is still in beta, so only run it if you are comfortable running beta products. Getting Started Download the Chemistry add-in from Microsoft Education Labs (link below), and unzip the file.  Then, run the ChemistryAddinforWordBeta2.Setup.msi. It may inform you that you need to install the Visual Studio Tools for Office 3.0.  Simply click Yes to download these tools. This will open the download in your default browser.  Simply click run, or save and then run it when it is downloaded. Now, click next to install the Visual Studio Tools for Office as usual. When this is finished, run the ChemistryAddinforWordBeta2.Setup.msi again.  This time, you can easily install it with the default options. Once it’s finished installing, open Word to try out the Chemistry Add-in.  You will be asked if you want to install this customization, so click Install to enable it. Now you will have a new Chemistry tab in your Word ribbon.  Here’s the ribbon in Word 2010… And here it is in Word 2007.   Using the Chemistry Add-in It’s very easy to insert nice chemistry diagrams and formulas in Word with the Chemistry add-in.  You can quickly insert a premade diagram from the Chemistry Gallery: Or you can insert a formula from file.  Simply click “From File” and choose any Chemical Markup Language (.cml) formatted file to insert the chemical formula. You can also convert any chemical name to it’s chemical form.  Simply select the word, right-click, select “Convert to Chemistry Zone” and then click on its name. Now you can see the chemical form in the sidebar if you click the Chemistry Navigator button, and can choose to insert the diagram into the document.  Some chemicals will automatically convert to the diagram in the document, while others simply link to it in the sidebar.  Either way, you can display exactly what you want. You can also convert a chemical formula directly to it’s chemical diagram.  Here we entered H2O and converted it to Chemistry Zone: This directly converted it to the diagram directly in the document. You can click the Edit button on the top, and from there choose to either edit the 2D model of the chemical, or edit the labels. When you click Edit Labels, you may be asked which form you wish to display.  Here’s the options for potassium permanganate: You can then edit the names and formulas, and add or remove any you wish. If you choose to edit the chemical in 2D, you can even edit the individual atoms and change the chemical you’re diagramming.  This 2D editor has a lot of options, so you can get your chemical diagram to look just like you want. And, if you need any help or want to learn more about the Chemistry add-in and its features, simply click the help button in the Chemistry Ribbon.  This will open a Word document containing examples and explanations which can be helpful in mastering all the features of this add-in. All of this works perfectly, whether you’re running it in Word 2007 or 2010, 32 or 64 bit editions. Conclusion Whether you’re using chemistry formulas everyday or simply want to investigate a chemical makeup occasionally, this is a great way to do it with tools you already have on your computer.  It will also help make homework a bit easier if you’re struggling with it in high school or college. Links Download the Chemistry Add-in for Word Introducing Chemistry Add-in for Word – MSDN blogs Chemistry Markup Language – Wikipedia Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Geek Reviews: Using Dia as a Free Replacement for Microsoft VisioEasily Summarize A Word 2007 DocumentCreate a Hyperlink in a Word 2007 Flow Chart and Hide Annoying ScreenTipsHow To Create and Publish Blog Posts in Word 2010 & 2007Using Word 2007 as a Blogging Tool TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Revo Uninstaller Pro Registry Mechanic 9 for Windows PC Tools Internet Security Suite 2010 PCmover Professional Windows 7 Easter Theme YoWindoW, a real time weather screensaver Optimize your computer the Microsoft way Stormpulse provides slick, real time weather data Geek Parents – Did you try Parental Controls in Windows 7? Change DNS servers on the fly with DNS Jumper

    Read the article

  • Big Data – Buzz Words: Importance of Relational Database in Big Data World – Day 9 of 21

    - by Pinal Dave
    In yesterday’s blog post we learned what is HDFS. In this article we will take a quick look at the importance of the Relational Database in Big Data world. A Big Question? Here are a few questions I often received since the beginning of the Big Data Series - Does the relational database have no space in the story of the Big Data? Does relational database is no longer relevant as Big Data is evolving? Is relational database not capable to handle Big Data? Is it true that one no longer has to learn about relational data if Big Data is the final destination? Well, every single time when I hear that one person wants to learn about Big Data and is no longer interested in learning about relational database, I find it as a bit far stretched. I am not here to give ambiguous answers of It Depends. I am personally very clear that one who is aspiring to become Big Data Scientist or Big Data Expert they should learn about relational database. NoSQL Movement The reason for the NoSQL Movement in recent time was because of the two important advantages of the NoSQL databases. Performance Flexible Schema In personal experience I have found that when I use NoSQL I have found both of the above listed advantages when I use NoSQL database. There are instances when I found relational database too much restrictive when my data is unstructured as well as they have in the datatype which my Relational Database does not support. It is the same case when I have found that NoSQL solution performing much better than relational databases. I must say that I am a big fan of NoSQL solutions in the recent times but I have also seen occasions and situations where relational database is still perfect fit even though the database is growing increasingly as well have all the symptoms of the big data. Situations in Relational Database Outperforms Adhoc reporting is the one of the most common scenarios where NoSQL is does not have optimal solution. For example reporting queries often needs to aggregate based on the columns which are not indexed as well are built while the report is running, in this kind of scenario NoSQL databases (document database stores, distributed key value stores) database often does not perform well. In the case of the ad-hoc reporting I have often found it is much easier to work with relational databases. SQL is the most popular computer language of all the time. I have been using it for almost over 10 years and I feel that I will be using it for a long time in future. There are plenty of the tools, connectors and awareness of the SQL language in the industry. Pretty much every programming language has a written drivers for the SQL language and most of the developers have learned this language during their school/college time. In many cases, writing query based on SQL is much easier than writing queries in NoSQL supported languages. I believe this is the current situation but in the future this situation can reverse when No SQL query languages are equally popular. ACID (Atomicity Consistency Isolation Durability) – Not all the NoSQL solutions offers ACID compliant language. There are always situations (for example banking transactions, eCommerce shopping carts etc.) where if there is no ACID the operations can be invalid as well database integrity can be at risk. Even though the data volume indeed qualify as a Big Data there are always operations in the application which absolutely needs ACID compliance matured language. The Mixed Bag I have often heard argument that all the big social media sites now a days have moved away from Relational Database. Actually this is not entirely true. While researching about Big Data and Relational Database, I have found that many of the popular social media sites uses Big Data solutions along with Relational Database. Many are using relational databases to deliver the results to end user on the run time and many still uses a relational database as their major backbone. Here are a few examples: Facebook uses MySQL to display the timeline. (Reference Link) Twitter uses MySQL. (Reference Link) Tumblr uses Sharded MySQL (Reference Link) Wikipedia uses MySQL for data storage. (Reference Link) There are many for prominent organizations which are running large scale applications uses relational database along with various Big Data frameworks to satisfy their various business needs. Summary I believe that RDBMS is like a vanilla ice cream. Everybody loves it and everybody has it. NoSQL and other solutions are like chocolate ice cream or custom ice cream – there is a huge base which loves them and wants them but not every ice cream maker can make it just right  for everyone’s taste. No matter how fancy an ice cream store is there is always plain vanilla ice cream available there. Just like the same, there are always cases and situations in the Big Data’s story where traditional relational database is the part of the whole story. In the real world scenarios there will be always the case when there will be need of the relational database concepts and its ideology. It is extremely important to accept relational database as one of the key components of the Big Data instead of treating it as a substandard technology. Ray of Hope – NewSQL In this module we discussed that there are places where we need ACID compliance from our Big Data application and NoSQL will not support that out of box. There is a new termed coined for the application/tool which supports most of the properties of the traditional RDBMS and supports Big Data infrastructure – NewSQL. Tomorrow In tomorrow’s blog post we will discuss about NewSQL. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Big Data, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

    Read the article

  • To ORM or Not to ORM. That is the question&hellip;

    - by Patrick Liekhus
    UPDATE:  Thanks for the feedback and comments.  I have adjusted my table below with your recommendations.  I had missed a point or two. I wanted to do a series on creating an entire project using the EDMX XAF code generation and the SpecFlow BDD Easy Test tools discussed in my earlier posts, but I thought it would be appropriate to start with a simple comparison and reasoning on why I choose to use these tools. Let’s start by defining the term ORM, or Object-Relational Mapping.  According to Wikipedia it is defined as the following: Object-relational mapping (ORM, O/RM, and O/R mapping) in computer software is a programming technique for converting data between incompatible type systems in object-oriented programming languages. This creates, in effect, a "virtual object database" that can be used from within the programming language. Why should you care?  Basically it allows you to map your business objects in code to their persistence layer behind them. And better yet, why would you want to do this?  Let me outline it in the following points: Development speed.  No more need to map repetitive tasks query results to object members.  Once the map is created the code is rendered for you. Persistence portability.  The ORM knows how to map SQL specific syntax for the persistence engine you choose.  It does not matter if it is SQL Server, Oracle and another database of your choosing. Standard/Boilerplate code is simplified.  The basic CRUD operations are consistent and case use database metadata for basic operations. So how does this help?  Well, let’s compare some of the ORM tools that I have used and/or researched.  I have been interested in ORM for some time now.  My ORM of choice for a long time was NHibernate and I still believe it has a strong case in some business situations.  However, you have to take business considerations into account and the law of diminishing returns.  Because of these two factors, my recent activity and experience has been around DevExpress eXpress Persistence Objects (XPO).  The primary reason for this is because they have the DevExpress eXpress Application Framework (XAF) that sits on top of XPO.  With this added value, the data model can be created (either database first of code first) and the Web and Windows client can be created from these maps.  While out of the box they provide some simple list and detail screens, you can verify easily extend and modify these to your liking.  DevExpress has done a tremendous job of providing enough framework while also staying out of the way when you need to extend it.  This sounds worse than it really is.  What I mean by this is that if you choose to follow DevExpress coding style and recommendations, the hooks and extension points provided allow you to do some pretty heavy lifting while also not worrying about the basics. I have put together a list of the top features that I have used to compare the limited list of ORM’s that I have exposure with.  Again, the biggest selling point in my opinion is that XPO is just a solid as any of the other ORM’s but with the added layer of XAF they become unstoppable.  And then couple that with the EDMX modeling tools and code generation, it becomes a no brainer. Designer Features Entity Framework NHibernate Fluent w/ Nhibernate Telerik OpenAccess DevExpress XPO DevExpress XPO/XAF plus Liekhus Tools Uses XML to map relationships - Yes - - -   Visual class designer interface Yes - - - - Yes Management integrated w/ Visual Studio Yes - - Yes - Yes Supports schema first approach Yes - - Yes - Yes Supports model first approach Yes - - Yes Yes Yes Supports code first approach Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Attribute driven coding style Yes - Yes - Yes Yes                 I have a very small team and limited resources with a lot of responsibilities.  In order to keep up with our customers, we must rely on tools like these.  We use the EDMX tool so that we can create a visual representation of the applications with our customers.  Second, we rely on the code generation so that we can focus on the business problems at hand and not whether a field is mapped correctly.  This keeps us from requiring as many junior level developers on our team.  I have also worked on multiple teams where they believed in writing their own “framework”.  In my experiences and opinion this is not the route to take unless you have a team dedicated to supporting just the framework.  Each time that I have worked on custom frameworks, the framework eventually becomes old, out dated and full of “performance” enhancements specific to one or two requirements.  With an ORM, there are a lot smarter people than me working on the bigger issue of persistence and performance.  Again, my recommendation would be to use an available framework and get to working on your business domain problems.  If your coding is not making money for you, why are you working on it?  Do you really need to be writing query to object member code again and again? Thanks

    Read the article

  • Big Data – Role of Cloud Computing in Big Data – Day 11 of 21

    - by Pinal Dave
    In yesterday’s blog post we learned the importance of the NewSQL. In this article we will understand the role of Cloud in Big Data Story What is Cloud? Cloud is the biggest buzzword around from last few years. Everyone knows about the Cloud and it is extremely well defined online. In this article we will discuss cloud in the context of the Big Data. Cloud computing is a method of providing a shared computing resources to the application which requires dynamic resources. These resources include applications, computing, storage, networking, development and various deployment platforms. The fundamentals of the cloud computing are that it shares pretty much share all the resources and deliver to end users as a service.  Examples of the Cloud Computing and Big Data are Google and Amazon.com. Both have fantastic Big Data offering with the help of the cloud. We will discuss this later in this blog post. There are two different Cloud Deployment Models: 1) The Public Cloud and 2) The Private Cloud Public Cloud Public Cloud is the cloud infrastructure build by commercial providers (Amazon, Rackspace etc.) creates a highly scalable data center that hides the complex infrastructure from the consumer and provides various services. Private Cloud Private Cloud is the cloud infrastructure build by a single organization where they are managing highly scalable data center internally. Here is the quick comparison between Public Cloud and Private Cloud from Wikipedia:   Public Cloud Private Cloud Initial cost Typically zero Typically high Running cost Unpredictable Unpredictable Customization Impossible Possible Privacy No (Host has access to the data Yes Single sign-on Impossible Possible Scaling up Easy while within defined limits Laborious but no limits Hybrid Cloud Hybrid Cloud is the cloud infrastructure build with the composition of two or more clouds like public and private cloud. Hybrid cloud gives best of the both the world as it combines multiple cloud deployment models together. Cloud and Big Data – Common Characteristics There are many characteristics of the Cloud Architecture and Cloud Computing which are also essentially important for Big Data as well. They highly overlap and at many places it just makes sense to use the power of both the architecture and build a highly scalable framework. Here is the list of all the characteristics of cloud computing important in Big Data Scalability Elasticity Ad-hoc Resource Pooling Low Cost to Setup Infastructure Pay on Use or Pay as you Go Highly Available Leading Big Data Cloud Providers There are many players in Big Data Cloud but we will list a few of the known players in this list. Amazon Amazon is arguably the most popular Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) provider. The history of how Amazon started in this business is very interesting. They started out with a massive infrastructure to support their own business. Gradually they figured out that their own resources are underutilized most of the time. They decided to get the maximum out of the resources they have and hence  they launched their Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) service in 2006. Their products have evolved a lot recently and now it is one of their primary business besides their retail selling. Amazon also offers Big Data services understand Amazon Web Services. Here is the list of the included services: Amazon Elastic MapReduce – It processes very high volumes of data Amazon DynammoDB – It is fully managed NoSQL (Not Only SQL) database service Amazon Simple Storage Services (S3) – A web-scale service designed to store and accommodate any amount of data Amazon High Performance Computing – It provides low-tenancy tuned high performance computing cluster Amazon RedShift – It is petabyte scale data warehousing service Google Though Google is known for Search Engine, we all know that it is much more than that. Google Compute Engine – It offers secure, flexible computing from energy efficient data centers Google Big Query – It allows SQL-like queries to run against large datasets Google Prediction API – It is a cloud based machine learning tool Other Players Besides Amazon and Google we also have other players in the Big Data market as well. Microsoft is also attempting Big Data with the Cloud with Microsoft Azure. Additionally Rackspace and NASA together have initiated OpenStack. The goal of Openstack is to provide a massively scaled, multitenant cloud that can run on any hardware. Thing to Watch The cloud based solutions provides a great integration with the Big Data’s story as well it is very economical to implement as well. However, there are few things one should be very careful when deploying Big Data on cloud solutions. Here is a list of a few things to watch: Data Integrity Initial Cost Recurring Cost Performance Data Access Security Location Compliance Every company have different approaches to Big Data and have different rules and regulations. Based on various factors, one can implement their own custom Big Data solution on a cloud. Tomorrow In tomorrow’s blog post we will discuss about various Operational Databases supporting Big Data. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Big Data, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

    Read the article

  • FAT Volume and CE

    - by Kate Moss' Open Space
    Whenever we format a disk volume, it is a good idea to name the label so it will be easier to categorize. To label a volume, we can use LABEL command or UI depends on your preference. Windows CE does provide FAT driver and support various format (FAT12, FAT16,FAT32, ExFAT and TFAT - transaction-safe FAT) and many feature to let you scan and even defrag the volume but not labeling. At any time you format a volume in CE and then mount it on PC, the label is always empty! Of course, you can always label the volume on PC, even it is formatted in CE. So looks like CE does not care about the volume label at all, neither report the label to OS nor changing the label on FAT.So how can we set the volume label in CE? To Answer this question, we need to know how does FAT stores the volume label. Here are some on-line resources are handy for parsing FAT. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table http://www.pjrc.com/tech/8051/ide/fat32.html http://www.microsoft.com/whdc/system/platform/firmware/fatgen.mspx You can refer to PUBLIC\COMMON\OAK\DRIVERS\FSD\FATUTIL\MAIN\bootsec.h and dosbpb.h or the above links for the fields we discuss here. The first sector of a FAT Volume (it is not necessary to be the first sector of a disk.) is a FAT boot sector and BPB (BIOS Parameter Block). And at offset 43, bgbsVolumeLabel (or bsVolumeLabel on FAT16) is for storing the volume lable, but note in the spec also indicates "FAT file system drivers should make sure that they update this field when the volume label file in the root directory has its name changed or created.". So we can't just simply update the bgbsVolumeLabel but also need to create a volume lable file in root directory. The volume lable file is not a real file but just a file entry in root directory with zero file lenth and a very special file attribute, ATTR_VOLUME_ID. (defined in public\common\oak\drivers\fsd\fatutil\MAIN\fatutilp.h) Locating and accessing bootsector is quite straight forward, as long as we know the starting sector of a FAT volume, that's it. But where is the root directory? The layout of a typical FAT is like this Boot sector (Volume ID in the figure) followed by Reserved Sectors (1 on FAT12/16 and 32 on FAT32), then FAT chain table(s) (can be 1 or 2), after that is the root directory (FAT12/16 and not shows in the figure) then begining of the File and Directories. In FAT12/16, the root directory is placed right after FAT so it is not hard to caculate the offset in the volume. But in FAT32, this rule is no longer true: the first cluster of the root directory is determined by BGBPB_RootDirStrtClus (or offset 44 in boot sector). Although this field is usually 0x00000002 (it is how CE initial the root directory after formating a volume. Note we should never assume it is always true) which means the first cluster contains data but not like the root directory is contiguous in FAT12/16, it is just like a regular file can be fragmented. So we need to access the root directory (of FAT32) hopping one cluster to another by traversing FAT table. Let's trace the code now. Although the source of FAT driver is not available in CE Shared Source program, but the formatter, Fatutil.dll, is available in public\common\oak\drivers\fsd\fatutil\MAIN\formatdisk.cpp. Be aware the public code only provides formatter for FAT12/16/32 for ExFAT it is still not available. FormatVolumeInternal is the main worker function. With the knowledge here, you should be able the trace the code easily. But I would like to discuss the following code pieces     dwReservedSectors = (fo.dwFatVersion == 32) ? 32 : 1;     dwRootEntries = (fo.dwFatVersion == 32) ? 0 : fo.dwRootEntries; Note the dwReservedSectors is 32 in FAT32 and 1 in FAT12/16. Root Entries is another different mentioned in previous paragraph, 0 for FAT32 (dynamic allocated) and fixed size (usually 512, defined in DEFAULT_ROOT_ENTRIES in public\common\sdk\inc\fatutil.h) And then here   memset(pBootSec->bsVolumeLabel, 0x20, sizeof(pBootSec->bsVolumeLabel)); It sets the Volume Label as empty string. Now let's carry on to the next section - write the root directory.     if (fo.dwFatVersion == 32) {         if (!(fo.dwFlags & FATUTIL_FORMAT_TFAT)) {             dwRootSectors = dwSectorsPerCluster;         }         else {             DIRENTRY    dirEntry;             DWORD       offset;             int               iVolumeNo;             memset(pbBlock, 0, pdi->di_bytes_per_sect);             memset(&dirEntry, 0, sizeof(DIRENTRY));                         dirEntry.de_attr = ATTR_VOLUME_ID;             // the first one is volume label             memcpy(dirEntry.de_name, "TFAT       ", sizeof (dirEntry.de_name));             memcpy(pbBlock, &dirEntry, sizeof(dirEntry));              ...             // Skip the next step of zeroing out clusters             dwCurrentSec += dwSectorsPerCluster;             dwRootSectors = 0;         }     }     // Each new root directory sector needs to be zeroed.     memset(pbBlock, 0, cbSizeBlk);     iRootSec=0;     while ( iRootSec < dwRootSectors) { Basically, the code zero out the each entry in root directory depends on dwRootSectors. In FAT12/16, the dwRootSectors is calculated as the sectors we need for the root entries (512 for most of the case) and in FAT32 it just zero out the one cluster. Please note that, if it is a TFAT volume, it initialize the root directory with special volume label entries for some special purpose. Despite to its unusual initialization process for TFAT, it does provide a example for how to create a volume entry. With some minor modification, we can assign the volume label in FAT formatter and also remember to sync the volume label with bsVolumeLabel or bgbsVolumeLabel in boot sector.

    Read the article

  • Silverlight 5 &ndash; What&rsquo;s New? (Including Screenshots &amp; Code Snippets)

    - by mbcrump
    Silverlight 5 is coming next year (2011) and this blog post will tell you what you need to know before the beta ships. First, let me address people saying that it is dead after PDC 2010. I believe that it’s best to see what the market is doing, not the vendor. Below is a list of companies that are developing Silverlight 4 applications shown during the Silverlight Firestarter. Some of the companies have shipped and some haven’t. It’s just great to see the actual company names that are working on Silverlight instead of “people are developing for Silverlight”. The next thing that I wanted to point out was that HTML5, WPF and Silverlight can co-exist. In case you missed Scott Gutherie’s keynote, they actually had a slide with all three stacked together. This shows Microsoft will be heavily investing in each technology.  Even I, a Silverlight developer, am reading Pro HTML5. Microsoft said that according to the Silverlight Feature Voting site, 21k votes were entered. Microsoft has implemented about 70% of these votes in Silverlight 5. That is an amazing number, and I am crossing my fingers that Microsoft bundles Silverlight with Windows 8. Let’s get started… what’s new in Silverlight 5? I am going to show you some great application and actual code shown during the Firestarter event. Media Hardware Video Decode – Instead of using CPU to decode, we will offload it to GPU. This will allow netbooks, etc to play videos. Trickplay – Variable Speed Playback – Pitch Correction (If you speed up someone talking they won’t sound like a chipmunk). Power Management – Less battery when playing video. Screensavers will no longer kick in if watching a video. If you pause a video then screensaver will kick in. Remote Control Support – This will allow users to control playback functions like Pause, Rewind and Fastforward. IIS Media Services 4 has shipped and now supports Azure. Data Binding Layout Transitions – Just with a few lines of XAML you can create a really rich experience that is not using Storyboards or animations. RelativeSource FindAncestor – Ancestor RelativeSource bindings make it much easier for a DataTemplate to bind to a property on a container control. Custom Markup Extensions – Markup extensions allow code to be run at XAML parse time for both properties and event handlers. This is great for MVVM support. Changing Styles during Runtime By Binding in Style Setters – Changing Styles at runtime used to be a real pain in Silverlight 4, now it’s much easier. Binding in style setters allows bindings to reference other properties. XAML Debugging – Below you can see that we set a breakpoint in XAML. This shows us exactly what is going on with our binding.  WCF & RIA Services WS-Trust Support – Taken from Wikipedia: WS-Trust is a WS-* specification and OASIS standard that provides extensions to WS-Security, specifically dealing with the issuing, renewing, and validating of security tokens, as well as with ways to establish, assess the presence of, and broker trust relationships between participants in a secure message exchange. You can reduce network latency by using a background thread for networking. Supports Azure now.  Text and Printing Improved text clarity that enables better text rendering. Multi-column text flow, Character tracking and leading support, and full OpenType font support.  Includes a new Postscript Vector Printing API that provides control over what you print . Pivot functionality baked into Silverlight 5 SDK. Graphics Immediate mode graphics support that will enable you to use the GPU and 3D graphics supports. Take a look at what was shown in the demos below. 1) 3D view of the Earth – not really a real-world application though. A doctor’s portal. This demo really stood out for me as it shows what we can do with the 3D / GPU support. Out of Browser OOB applications can now create and manage childwindows as shown in the screenshot below.  Trusted OOB applications can use P/Invoke to call Win32 APIs and unmanaged libraries.  Enterprise Group Policy Support allow enterprises to lock down or up the sandbox capabilities of Silverlight 5 applications. In this demo, he tore the “notes” off of the application and it appeared in a new window. See the black arrow below. In this demo, he connected a USB Device which fired off a local Win32 application that provided the data off the USB stick to Silverlight. Another demo of a Silverlight 5 application exporting data right into Excel running inside of browser. Testing They demoed Coded UI, which is available now in the Visual Studio Feature Pack 2. This will allow you to create automated testing without writing any code manually. Performance: Microsoft has worked to improve the Silverlight startup time. Silverlight 5 provides 64-bit browser support.  Silverlight 5 also provides IE9 Hardware acceleration.   I am looking forward to Silverlight 5 and I hope you are too. Thanks for reading and I hope you visit again soon.  Subscribe to my feed CodeProject

    Read the article

  • Independence Day for Software Components &ndash; Loosening Coupling by Reducing Connascence

    - by Brian Schroer
    Today is Independence Day in the USA, which got me thinking about loosely-coupled “independent” software components. I was reminded of a video I bookmarked quite a while ago of Jim Weirich’s “Grand Unified Theory of Software Design” talk at MountainWest RubyConf 2009. I finally watched that video this morning. I highly recommend it. In the video, Jim talks about software connascence. The dictionary definition of connascence (con-NAY-sense) is: 1. The common birth of two or more at the same time 2. That which is born or produced with another. 3. The act of growing together. The brief Wikipedia page about Connascent Software Components says that: Two software components are connascent if a change in one would require the other to be modified in order to maintain the overall correctness of the system. Connascence is a way to characterize and reason about certain types of complexity in software systems. The term was introduced to the software world in Meilir Page-Jones’ 1996 book “What Every Programmer Should Know About Object-Oriented Design”. The middle third of that book is the author’s proposed graphical notation for describing OO designs. UML became the standard about a year later, so a revised version of the book was published in 1999 as “Fundamentals of Object-Oriented Design in UML”. Weirich says that the third part of the book, in which Page-Jones introduces the concept of connascence “is worth the price of the entire book”. (The price of the entire book, by the way, is not much – I just bought a used copy on Amazon for $1.36, so that was a pretty low-risk investment. I’m looking forward to getting the book and learning about connascence from the original source.) Meanwhile, here’s my summary of Weirich’s summary of Page-Jones writings about connascence: The stronger the form of connascence, the more difficult and costly it is to change the elements in the relationship. Some of the connascence types, ordered from weak to strong are: Connascence of Name Connascence of name is when multiple components must agree on the name of an entity. If you change the name of a method or property, then you need to change all references to that method or property. Duh. Connascence of name is unavoidable, assuming your objects are actually used. My main takeaway about connascence of name is that it emphasizes the importance of giving things good names so you don’t need to go changing them later. Connascence of Type Connascence of type is when multiple components must agree on the type of an entity. I assume this is more of a problem for languages without compilers (especially when used in apps without tests). I know it’s an issue with evil JavaScript type coercion. Connascence of Meaning Connascence of meaning is when multiple components must agree on the meaning of particular values, e.g that “1” means normal customer and “2” means preferred customer. The solution to this is to use constants or enums instead of “magic” strings or numbers, which reduces the coupling by changing the connascence form from “meaning” to “name”. Connascence of Position Connascence of positions is when multiple components must agree on the order of values. This refers to methods with multiple parameters, e.g.: eMailer.Send("[email protected]", "[email protected]", "Your order is complete", "Order completion notification"); The more parameters there are, the stronger the connascence of position is between the component and its callers. In the example above, it’s not immediately clear when reading the code which email addresses are sender and receiver, and which of the final two strings are subject vs. body. Connascence of position could be improved to connascence of type by replacing the parameter list with a struct or class. This “introduce parameter object” refactoring might be overkill for a method with 2 parameters, but would definitely be an improvement for a method with 10 parameters. This points out two “rules” of connascence:  The Rule of Degree: The acceptability of connascence is related to the degree of its occurrence. The Rule of Locality: Stronger forms of connascence are more acceptable if the elements involved are closely related. For example, positional arguments in private methods are less problematic than in public methods. Connascence of Algorithm Connascence of algorithm is when multiple components must agree on a particular algorithm. Be DRY – Don’t Repeat Yourself. If you have “cloned” code in multiple locations, refactor it into a common function.   Those are the “static” forms of connascence. There are also “dynamic” forms, including… Connascence of Execution Connascence of execution is when the order of execution of multiple components is important. Consumers of your class shouldn’t have to know that they have to call an .Initialize method before it’s safe to call a .DoSomething method. Connascence of Timing Connascence of timing is when the timing of the execution of multiple components is important. I’ll have to read up on this one when I get the book, but assume it’s largely about threading. Connascence of Identity Connascence of identity is when multiple components must reference the entity. The example Weirich gives is when you have two instances of the “Bob” Employee class and you call the .RaiseSalary method on one and then the .Pay method on the other does the payment use the updated salary?   Again, this is my summary of a summary, so please be forgiving if I misunderstood anything. Once I get/read the book, I’ll make corrections if necessary and share any other useful information I might learn.   See Also: Gregory Brown: Ruby Best Practices Issue #24: Connascence as a Software Design Metric (That link is failing at the time I write this, so I had to go to the Google cache of the page.)

    Read the article

  • An Alphabet of Eponymous Aphorisms, Programming Paradigms, Software Sayings, Annoying Alliteration

    - by Brian Schroer
    Malcolm Anderson blogged about “Einstein’s Razor” yesterday, which reminded me of my favorite software development “law”, the name of which I can never remember. It took much Wikipedia-ing to find it (Hofstadter’s Law – see below), but along the way I compiled the following list: Amara’s Law: We tend to overestimate the effect of a technology in the short run and underestimate the effect in the long run. Brook’s Law: Adding manpower to a late software project makes it later. Clarke’s Third Law: Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic. Law of Demeter: Each unit should only talk to its friends; don't talk to strangers. Einstein’s Razor: “Make things as simple as possible, but not simpler” is the popular paraphrase, but what he actually said was “It can scarcely be denied that the supreme goal of all theory is to make the irreducible basic elements as simple and as few as possible without having to surrender the adequate representation of a single datum of experience”, an overly complicated quote which is an obvious violation of Einstein’s Razor. (You can tell by looking at a picture of Einstein that the dude was hardly an expert on razors or other grooming apparati.) Finagle's Law of Dynamic Negatives: Anything that can go wrong, will—at the worst possible moment. - O'Toole's Corollary: The perversity of the Universe tends towards a maximum. Greenspun's Tenth Rule: Any sufficiently complicated C or Fortran program contains an ad hoc, informally-specified, bug-ridden, slow implementation of half of Common Lisp. (Morris’s Corollary: “…including Common Lisp”) Hofstadter's Law: It always takes longer than you expect, even when you take into account Hofstadter's Law. Issawi’s Omelet Analogy: One cannot make an omelet without breaking eggs - but it is amazing how many eggs one can break without making a decent omelet. Jackson’s Rules of Optimization: Rule 1: Don't do it. Rule 2 (for experts only): Don't do it yet. Kaner’s Caveat: A program which perfectly meets a lousy specification is a lousy program. Liskov Substitution Principle (paraphrased): Functions that use pointers or references to base classes must be able to use objects of derived classes without knowing it Mason’s Maxim: Since human beings themselves are not fully debugged yet, there will be bugs in your code no matter what you do. Nils-Peter Nelson’s Nil I/O Rule: The fastest I/O is no I/O.    Occam's Razor: The simplest explanation is usually the correct one. Parkinson’s Law: Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion. Quentin Tarantino’s Pie Principle: “…you want to go home have a drink and go and eat pie and talk about it.” (OK, he was talking about movies, not software, but I couldn’t find a “Q” quote about software. And wouldn’t it be cool to write a program so great that the users want to eat pie and talk about it?) Raymond’s Rule: Computer science education cannot make anybody an expert programmer any more than studying brushes and pigment can make somebody an expert painter.  Sowa's Law of Standards: Whenever a major organization develops a new system as an official standard for X, the primary result is the widespread adoption of some simpler system as a de facto standard for X. Turing’s Tenet: We shall do a much better programming job, provided we approach the task with a full appreciation of its tremendous difficulty, provided that we respect the intrinsic limitations of the human mind and approach the task as very humble programmers.  Udi Dahan’s Race Condition Rule: If you think you have a race condition, you don’t understand the domain well enough. These rules didn’t exist in the age of paper, there is no reason for them to exist in the age of computers. When you have race conditions, go back to the business and find out actual rules. Van Vleck’s Kvetching: We know about as much about software quality problems as they knew about the Black Plague in the 1600s. We've seen the victims' agonies and helped burn the corpses. We don't know what causes it; we don't really know if there is only one disease. We just suffer -- and keep pouring our sewage into our water supply. Wheeler’s Law: All problems in computer science can be solved by another level of indirection... Except for the problem of too many layers of indirection. Wheeler also said “Compatibility means deliberately repeating other people's mistakes.”. The Wrong Road Rule of Mr. X (anonymous): No matter how far down the wrong road you've gone, turn back. Yourdon’s Rule of Two Feet: If you think your management doesn't know what it's doing or that your organisation turns out low-quality software crap that embarrasses you, then leave. Zawinski's Law of Software Envelopment: Every program attempts to expand until it can read mail. Zawinski is also responsible for “Some people, when confronted with a problem, think 'I know, I'll use regular expressions.' Now they have two problems.” He once commented about X Windows widget toolkits: “Using these toolkits is like trying to make a bookshelf out of mashed potatoes.”

    Read the article

  • C# 4.0: Covariance And Contravariance In Generics

    - by Paulo Morgado
    C# 4.0 (and .NET 4.0) introduced covariance and contravariance to generic interfaces and delegates. But what is this variance thing? According to Wikipedia, in multilinear algebra and tensor analysis, covariance and contravariance describe how the quantitative description of certain geometrical or physical entities changes when passing from one coordinate system to another.(*) But what does this have to do with C# or .NET? In type theory, a the type T is greater (>) than type S if S is a subtype (derives from) T, which means that there is a quantitative description for types in a type hierarchy. So, how does covariance and contravariance apply to C# (and .NET) generic types? In C# (and .NET), variance applies to generic type parameters and not to the resulting generic type. A generic type parameter is: covariant if the ordering of the generic types follows the ordering of the generic type parameters: Generic<T> = Generic<S> for T = S. contravariant if the ordering of the generic types is reversed from the ordering of the generic type parameters: Generic<T> = Generic<S> for T = S. invariant if neither of the above apply. If this definition is applied to arrays, we can see that arrays have always been covariant because this is valid code: object[] objectArray = new string[] { "string 1", "string 2" }; objectArray[0] = "string 3"; objectArray[1] = new object(); However, when we try to run this code, the second assignment will throw an ArrayTypeMismatchException. Although the compiler was fooled into thinking this was valid code because an object is being assigned to an element of an array of object, at run time, there is always a type check to guarantee that the runtime type of the definition of the elements of the array is greater or equal to the instance being assigned to the element. In the above example, because the runtime type of the array is array of string, the first assignment of array elements is valid because string = string and the second is invalid because string = object. This leads to the conclusion that, although arrays have always been covariant, they are not safely covariant – code that compiles is not guaranteed to run without errors. In C#, the way to define that a generic type parameter as covariant is using the out generic modifier: public interface IEnumerable<out T> { IEnumerator<T> GetEnumerator(); } public interface IEnumerator<out T> { T Current { get; } bool MoveNext(); } Notice the convenient use the pre-existing out keyword. Besides the benefit of not having to remember a new hypothetic covariant keyword, out is easier to remember because it defines that the generic type parameter can only appear in output positions — read-only properties and method return values. In a similar way, the way to define a type parameter as contravariant is using the in generic modifier: public interface IComparer<in T> { int Compare(T x, T y); } Once again, the use of the pre-existing in keyword makes it easier to remember that the generic type parameter can only be used in input positions — write-only properties and method non ref and non out parameters. Because covariance and contravariance apply only to the generic type parameters, a generic type definition can have both covariant and contravariant generic type parameters in its definition: public delegate TResult Func<in T, out TResult>(T arg); A generic type parameter that is not marked covariant (out) or contravariant (in) is invariant. All the types in the .NET Framework where variance could be applied to its generic type parameters have been modified to take advantage of this new feature. In summary, the rules for variance in C# (and .NET) are: Variance in type parameters are restricted to generic interface and generic delegate types. A generic interface or generic delegate type can have both covariant and contravariant type parameters. Variance applies only to reference types; if you specify a value type for a variant type parameter, that type parameter is invariant for the resulting constructed type. Variance does not apply to delegate combination. That is, given two delegates of types Action<Derived> and Action<Base>, you cannot combine the second delegate with the first although the result would be type safe. Variance allows the second delegate to be assigned to a variable of type Action<Derived>, but delegates can combine only if their types match exactly. If you want to learn more about variance in C# (and .NET), you can always read: Covariance and Contravariance in Generics — MSDN Library Exact rules for variance validity — Eric Lippert Events get a little overhaul in C# 4, Afterward: Effective Events — Chris Burrows Note: Because variance is a feature of .NET 4.0 and not only of C# 4.0, all this also applies to Visual Basic 10.

    Read the article

  • How do I prove or disprove "god" objects are wrong?

    - by honestduane
    Problem Summary: Long story short, I inherited a code base and an development team I am not allowed to replace and the use of God Objects is a big issue. Going forward, I want to have us re-factor things but I am getting push-back from the teams who want to do everything with God Objects "because its easier" and this means I would not be allowed to re-factor. I pushed back citing my years of dev experience, that I'm the new boss who was hired to know these things, etc, and so did the third party offshore companies account sales rep, and this is now at the executive level and my meeting is tomorrow and I want to go in with a lot of technical ammo to advocate best practices because I feel it will be cheaper in the long run (And I personally feel that is what the third party is worried about) for the company. My issue is from a technical level, I know its good long term but I'm having trouble with the ultra short term and 6 months term, and while its something I "know" I cant prove it with references and cited resources outside of one person (Robert C. Martin, aka Uncle Bob), as that is what I am being asked to do as I have been told having data from one person and only one person (Robert C Martin) is not good enough of an argument. Question: What are some resources I can cite directly (Title, year published, page number, quote) by well known experts in the field that explicitly say this use of "God" Objects/Classes/Systems is bad (or good, since we are looking for the most technically valid solution)? Research I have already done: I have a number of books here and I have searched their indexes for the use of the words "god object" and "god class". I found that oddly its almost never used and the copy of the GoF book I have for example, never uses it (At least according to the index in front of me) but I have found it in 2 books per the below, but I want more I can use. I checked the Wikipedia page for "God Object" and its currently a stub with little reference links so although I personally agree with that it says, It doesn't have much I can use in an environment where personal experience is not considered valid. The book cited is also considered too old to be valid by the people I am debating these technical points with as the argument they are making is that "it was once thought to be bad but nobody could prove it, and now modern software says "god" objects are good to use". I personally believe that this statement is incorrect, but I want to prove the truth, whatever it is. In Robert C Martin's "Agile Principles, Patterns, and Practices in C#" (ISBN: 0-13-185725-8, hardcover) where on page 266 it states "Everybody knows that god classes are a bad idea. We don't want to concentrate all the intelligence of a system into a single object or a single function. One of the goals of OOD is the partitioning and distribution of behavior into many classes and many function." -- And then goes on to say sometimes its better to use God Classes anyway sometimes (Citing micro-controllers as an example). In Robert C Martin's "Clean Code: A Handbook of Agile Software Craftsmanship" page 136 (And only this page) talks about the "God class" and calls it out as a prime example of a violation of the "classes should be small" rule he uses to promote the Single Responsibility Principle" starting on on page 138. The problem I have is all my references and citations come from the same person (Robert C. Martin), and am from the same single person/source. I am being told that because he is just one guy, my desire to not use "God Classes" is invalid and not accepted as a standard best practice in the software industry. Is this true? Am I doing things wrong from a technical perspective by trying to keep to the teaching of Uncle Bob? God Objects and Object Oriented Programming and Design: The more I think of this the more I think this is more something you learn when you study OOP and its never explicitly called out; Its implicit to good design is my thinking (Feel free to correct me, please, as I want to learn), The problem is I "know" this, but but not everybody does, so in this case its not considered a valid argument because I am effectively calling it out as universal truth when in fact most people are statistically ignorant of it since statistically most people are not programmers. Conclusion: I am at a loss on what to search for to get the best additional results to cite, since they are making a technical claim and I want to know the truth and be able to prove it with citations like a real engineer/scientist, even if I am biased against god objects due to my personal experience with code that used them. Any assistance or citations would be deeply appreciated.

    Read the article

  • Use Drive Mirroring for Instant Backup in Windows 7

    - by Trevor Bekolay
    Even with the best backup solution, a hard drive crash means you’ll lose a few hours of work. By enabling drive mirroring in Windows 7, you’ll always have an up-to-date copy of your data. Windows 7’s mirroring – which is only available in Professional, Enterprise, and Ultimate editions – is a software implementation of RAID 1, which means that two or more disks are holding the exact same data. The files are constantly kept in sync, so that if one of the disks fails, you won’t lose any data. Note that mirroring is not technically a backup solution, because if you accidentally delete a file, it’s gone from both hard disks (though you may be able to recover the file). As an additional caveat, having mirrored disks requires changing them to “dynamic disks,” which can only be read within modern versions of Windows (you may have problems working with a dynamic disk in other operating systems or in older versions of Windows). See this Wikipedia page for more information. You will need at least one empty disk to set up disk mirroring. We’ll show you how to mirror an existing disk (of equal or lesser size) without losing any data on the mirrored drive, and how to set up two empty disks as mirrored copies from the get-go. Mirroring an Existing Drive Click on the start button and type partitions in the search box. Click on the Create and format hard disk partitions entry that shows up. Alternatively, if you’ve disabled the search box, press Win+R to open the Run window and type in: diskmgmt.msc The Disk Management window will appear. We’ve got a small disk, labeled OldData, that we want to mirror in a second disk of the same size. Note: The disk that you will use to mirror the existing disk must be unallocated. If it is not, then right-click on it and select Delete Volume… to mark it as unallocated. This will destroy any data on that drive. Right-click on the existing disk that you want to mirror. Select Add Mirror…. Select the disk that you want to use to mirror the existing disk’s data and press Add Mirror. You will be warned that this process will change the existing disk from basic to dynamic. Note that this process will not delete any data on the disk! The new disk will be marked as a mirror, and it will starting copying data from the existing drive to the new one. Eventually the drives will be synced up (it can take a while), and any data added to the E: drive will exist on both physical hard drives. Setting Up Two New Drives as Mirrored If you have two new equal-sized drives, you can format them to be mirrored copies of each other from the get-go. Open the Disk Management window as described above. Make sure that the drives are unallocated. If they’re not, and you don’t need the data on either of them, right-click and select Delete volume…. Right-click on one of the unallocated drives and select New Mirrored Volume…. A wizard will pop up. Click Next. Click on the drives you want to hold the mirrored data and click Add. Note that you can add any number of drives. Click Next. Assign it a drive letter that makes sense, and then click Next. You’re limited to using the NTFS file system for mirrored drives, so enter a volume label, enable compression if you want, and then click Next. Click Finish to start formatting the drives. You will be warned that the new drives will be converted to dynamic disks. And that’s it! You now have two mirrored drives. Any files added to E: will reside on both physical disks, in case something happens to one of them. Conclusion While the switch from basic to dynamic disks can be a problem for people who dual-boot into another operating system, setting up drive mirroring is an easy way to make sure that your data can be recovered in case of a hard drive crash. Of course, even with drive mirroring, we advocate regular backups to external drives or online backup services. Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Rebit Backup Software [Review]Disabling Instant Search in Outlook 2007Restore Files from Backups on Windows Home ServerSecond Copy 7 [Review]Backup Windows Home Server Folders to an External Hard Drive TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 VMware Workstation 7 Acronis Online Backup Windows Firewall with Advanced Security – How To Guides Sculptris 1.0, 3D Drawing app AceStock, a Tiny Desktop Quote Monitor Gmail Button Addon (Firefox) Hyperwords addon (Firefox) Backup Outlook 2010

    Read the article

  • How to Answer a Stupid Interview Question the Right Way

    - by AjarnMark
    Have you ever been asked a stupid question during an interview; one that seemed to have no relation to the job responsibilities at all?  Tech people are often caught off-guard by these apparently irrelevant questions, but there is a way you can turn these to your favor.  Here is one idea. While chatting with a couple of folks between sessions at SQLSaturday 43 last weekend, one of them expressed frustration over a seemingly ridiculous and trivial question that she was asked during an interview, and she believes it cost her the job opportunity.  The question, as I remember it being described was, “What is the largest byte measurement?”.  The candidate made up a guess (“zetabyte”) during the interview, which is actually closer than she may have realized.  According to Wikipedia, there is a measurement known as zettabyte which is 10^21, and the largest one listed there is yottabyte at 10^24. My first reaction to this question was, “That’s just a hiring manager that doesn’t really know what they’re looking for in a candidate.  Furthermore, this tells me that this manager really does not understand how to build a team.”  In most companies, team interaction is more important than uber-knowledge.  I didn’t ask, but this could also be another geek on the team trying to establish their Alpha-Geek stature.  I suppose that there are a few, very few, companies that can build their businesses on hiring only the extreme alpha-geeks, but that certainly does not represent the majority of businesses in America. My friend who was there suggested that the appropriate response to this silly question would be, “And how does this apply to the work I will be doing?” Of course this is an understandable response when you’re frustrated because you know you can handle the technical aspects of the job, and it seems like the interviewer is just being silly.  But it is also a direct challenge, which may not be the best approach in interviewing.  I do have to admit, though, that there are those folks who just won’t respect you until you do challenge them, but again, I don’t think that is the majority. So after some thought, here is my suggestion: “Well, I know that there are petabytes and exabytes and things even larger than that, but I haven’t been keeping up on my list of Greek prefixes that have not yet been used, so I would have to look up the exact answer if you need it.  However, I have worked with databases as large as 30 Terabytes.  How big are the largest databases here at X Corporation?”  Perhaps with a follow-up of, “Typically, what I have seen in companies that have databases of your size, is that the three biggest challenges they face are: A, B, and C.  What would you say are the top 3 concerns that you would like the person you hire to be able to address?…Here is how I have dealt with those concerns in the past (or ‘Here is how I would tackle those issues for you…’).” Wait! What just happened?!  We took a seemingly irrelevant and frustrating question and turned it around into an opportunity to highlight our relevant skills and guide the conversation back in a direction more to our liking and benefit.  In more generic terms, here is what we did: Admit that you don’t know the specific answer off the top of your head, but can get it if it’s truly important to the company. Maybe for some reason it really is important to them. Mention something similar or related that you do know, reassuring them that you do have some knowledge in that subject area. Draw a parallel to your past work experience. Ask follow-up questions about the company’s specific needs and discuss how you can fulfill those. This type of thing requires practice and some forethought.  I didn’t come up with this answer until a day later, which is too late when you’re interviewing.  I still think it is silly for an interviewer to ask something like that, but at least this is one way to spin it to your advantage while you consider whether you really want to work for someone who would ask a thing like that.  Remember, interviewing is a two-way process.  You’re deciding whether you want to work there just as much as they are deciding whether they want you. There is always the possibility that this was a calculated maneuver on the part of the hiring manager just to see how quickly you think on your feet and how you handle stupid questions.  Maybe he knows something about the work environment and he’s trying to gauge whether you’ll actually fit in okay.  And if that’s the case, then the above response still works quite well.

    Read the article

  • Big Data – Operational Databases Supporting Big Data – RDBMS and NoSQL – Day 12 of 21

    - by Pinal Dave
    In yesterday’s blog post we learned the importance of the Cloud in the Big Data Story. In this article we will understand the role of Operational Databases Supporting Big Data Story. Even though we keep on talking about Big Data architecture, it is extremely crucial to understand that Big Data system can’t just exist in the isolation of itself. There are many needs of the business can only be fully filled with the help of the operational databases. Just having a system which can analysis big data may not solve every single data problem. Real World Example Think about this way, you are using Facebook and you have just updated your information about the current relationship status. In the next few seconds the same information is also reflected in the timeline of your partner as well as a few of the immediate friends. After a while you will notice that the same information is now also available to your remote friends. Later on when someone searches for all the relationship changes with their friends your change of the relationship will also show up in the same list. Now here is the question – do you think Big Data architecture is doing every single of these changes? Do you think that the immediate reflection of your relationship changes with your family member is also because of the technology used in Big Data. Actually the answer is Facebook uses MySQL to do various updates in the timeline as well as various events we do on their homepage. It is really difficult to part from the operational databases in any real world business. Now we will see a few of the examples of the operational databases. Relational Databases (This blog post) NoSQL Databases (This blog post) Key-Value Pair Databases (Tomorrow’s post) Document Databases (Tomorrow’s post) Columnar Databases (The Day After’s post) Graph Databases (The Day After’s post) Spatial Databases (The Day After’s post) Relational Databases We have earlier discussed about the RDBMS role in the Big Data’s story in detail so we will not cover it extensively over here. Relational Database is pretty much everywhere in most of the businesses which are here for many years. The importance and existence of the relational database are always going to be there as long as there are meaningful structured data around. There are many different kinds of relational databases for example Oracle, SQL Server, MySQL and many others. If you are looking for Open Source and widely accepted database, I suggest to try MySQL as that has been very popular in the last few years. I also suggest you to try out PostgreSQL as well. Besides many other essential qualities PostgreeSQL have very interesting licensing policies. PostgreSQL licenses allow modifications and distribution of the application in open or closed (source) form. One can make any modifications and can keep it private as well as well contribute to the community. I believe this one quality makes it much more interesting to use as well it will play very important role in future. Nonrelational Databases (NOSQL) We have also covered Nonrelational Dabases in earlier blog posts. NoSQL actually stands for Not Only SQL Databases. There are plenty of NoSQL databases out in the market and selecting the right one is always very challenging. Here are few of the properties which are very essential to consider when selecting the right NoSQL database for operational purpose. Data and Query Model Persistence of Data and Design Eventual Consistency Scalability Though above all of the properties are interesting to have in any NoSQL database but the one which most attracts to me is Eventual Consistency. Eventual Consistency RDBMS uses ACID (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) as a key mechanism for ensuring the data consistency, whereas NonRelational DBMS uses BASE for the same purpose. Base stands for Basically Available, Soft state and Eventual consistency. Eventual consistency is widely deployed in distributed systems. It is a consistency model used in distributed computing which expects unexpected often. In large distributed system, there are always various nodes joining and various nodes being removed as they are often using commodity servers. This happens either intentionally or accidentally. Even though one or more nodes are down, it is expected that entire system still functions normally. Applications should be able to do various updates as well as retrieval of the data successfully without any issue. Additionally, this also means that system is expected to return the same updated data anytime from all the functioning nodes. Irrespective of when any node is joining the system, if it is marked to hold some data it should contain the same updated data eventually. As per Wikipedia - Eventual consistency is a consistency model used in distributed computing that informally guarantees that, if no new updates are made to a given data item, eventually all accesses to that item will return the last updated value. In other words -  Informally, if no additional updates are made to a given data item, all reads to that item will eventually return the same value. Tomorrow In tomorrow’s blog post we will discuss about various other Operational Databases supporting Big Data. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Big Data, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL

    Read the article

  • Using Hadooop (HDInsight) with Microsoft - Two (OK, Three) Options

    - by BuckWoody
    Microsoft has many tools for “Big Data”. In fact, you need many tools – there’s no product called “Big Data Solution” in a shrink-wrapped box – if you find one, you probably shouldn’t buy it. It’s tempting to want a single tool that handles everything in a problem domain, but with large, complex data, that isn’t a reality. You’ll mix and match several systems, open and closed source, to solve a given problem. But there are tools that help with handling data at large, complex scales. Normally the best way to do this is to break up the data into parts, and then put the calculation engines for that chunk of data right on the node where the data is stored. These systems are in a family called “Distributed File and Compute”. Microsoft has a couple of these, including the High Performance Computing edition of Windows Server. Recently we partnered with Hortonworks to bring the Apache Foundation’s release of Hadoop to Windows. And as it turns out, there are actually two (technically three) ways you can use it. (There’s a more detailed set of information here: http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/en/us/solutions-technologies/business-intelligence/big-data.aspx, I’ll cover the options at a general level below)  First Option: Windows Azure HDInsight Service  Your first option is that you can simply log on to a Hadoop control node and begin to run Pig or Hive statements against data that you have stored in Windows Azure. There’s nothing to set up (although you can configure things where needed), and you can send the commands, get the output of the job(s), and stop using the service when you are done – and repeat the process later if you wish. (There are also connectors to run jobs from Microsoft Excel, but that’s another post)   This option is useful when you have a periodic burst of work for a Hadoop workload, or the data collection has been happening into Windows Azure storage anyway. That might be from a web application, the logs from a web application, telemetrics (remote sensor input), and other modes of constant collection.   You can read more about this option here:  http://blogs.msdn.com/b/windowsazure/archive/2012/10/24/getting-started-with-windows-azure-hdinsight-service.aspx Second Option: Microsoft HDInsight Server Your second option is to use the Hadoop Distribution for on-premises Windows called Microsoft HDInsight Server. You set up the Name Node(s), Job Tracker(s), and Data Node(s), among other components, and you have control over the entire ecostructure.   This option is useful if you want to  have complete control over the system, leave it running all the time, or you have a huge quantity of data that you have to bulk-load constantly – something that isn’t going to be practical with a network transfer or disk-mailing scheme. You can read more about this option here: http://www.microsoft.com/sqlserver/en/us/solutions-technologies/business-intelligence/big-data.aspx Third Option (unsupported): Installation on Windows Azure Virtual Machines  Although unsupported, you could simply use a Windows Azure Virtual Machine (we support both Windows and Linux servers) and install Hadoop yourself – it’s open-source, so there’s nothing preventing you from doing that.   Aside from being unsupported, there are other issues you’ll run into with this approach – primarily involving performance and the amount of configuration you’ll need to do to access the data nodes properly. But for a single-node installation (where all components run on one system) such as learning, demos, training and the like, this isn’t a bad option. Did I mention that’s unsupported? :) You can learn more about Windows Azure Virtual Machines here: http://www.windowsazure.com/en-us/home/scenarios/virtual-machines/ And more about Hadoop and the installation/configuration (on Linux) here: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apache_Hadoop And more about the HDInsight installation here: http://www.microsoft.com/web/gallery/install.aspx?appid=HDINSIGHT-PREVIEW Choosing the right option Since you have two or three routes you can go, the best thing to do is evaluate the need you have, and place the workload where it makes the most sense.  My suggestion is to install the HDInsight Server locally on a test system, and play around with it. Read up on the best ways to use Hadoop for a given workload, understand the parts, write a little Pig and Hive, and get your feet wet. Then sign up for a test account on HDInsight Service, and see how that leverages what you know. If you're a true tinkerer, go ahead and try the VM route as well. Oh - there’s another great reference on the Windows Azure HDInsight that just came out, here: http://blogs.msdn.com/b/brunoterkaly/archive/2012/11/16/hadoop-on-azure-introduction.aspx  

    Read the article

< Previous Page | 381 382 383 384 385 386 387 388 389 390 391 392  | Next Page >