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  • Running out of memory with UIImage creation on an offscreen Bitmap Context by NSOperation

    - by sigsegv
    I have an app with multiple UIView subclasses that acts as pages for a UIScrollView. UIViews are moved back and forth to provide a seamless experience to the user. Since the content of the views is rather slow to draw, it's rendered on a single shared CGBitmapContext guarded by locks by NSOperation subclasses - executed one at once in an NSOperationQueue - wrapped up in an UIImage and then used by the main thread to update the content of the views. -(void)main { NSAutoreleasePool * pool = [[NSAutoreleasePool alloc]init]; if([self isCancelled]) { return; } if(nil == data) { return; } // Buffer is the shared instance of a CG Bitmap Context wrapper class // data is a dictionary CGImageRef img = [buffer imageCreateWithData:data]; UIImage * image = [[UIImage alloc]initWithCGImage:img]; CGImageRelease(img); if([self isCancelled]) { [image release]; return; } NSDictionary * result = [[NSDictionary alloc]initWithObjectsAndKeys:image,@"image",id,@"id",nil]; // target is the instance of the UIView subclass that will use // the image [target performSelectorOnMainThread:@selector(updateContentWithData:) withObject:result waitUntilDone:NO]; [result release]; [image release]; [pool release]; } The updateContentWithData: of the UIView subclass performed on the main thread is just as simple -(void)updateContentWithData:(NSDictionary *)someData { NSDictionary * data = [someData retain]; if([[data valueForKey:@"id"]isEqualToString:[self pendingRequestId]]) { UIImage * image = [data valueForKey:@"image"]; [self setCurrentImage:image]; [self setNeedsDisplay]; } // If the image has not been retained, it should be released together // with the dictionary retaining it [data release]; } The drawLayer:inContext: method of the subclass will just get the CGImage from the UIImage and use it to update the backing layer or part of it. No retain or release is involved in the process. The problem is that after a while I run out of memory. The number of the UIViews is static. CGImageRef and UIImage are created, retained and released correctly (or so it seems to me). Instruments does not show any leaks, just the free memory available dip constantly, rise a few times, and then dip even lower until the application is terminated. The app cycles through about 2-300 of the aforementioned pages before that, but I would expect to have the memory usage reach a more or less stable level of used memory after a bunch of pages have been already skimmed at fast speed or, since the images are up to 3MB in size, deplete way earlier. Any suggestion will be greatly appreciated.

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  • What is the Fastest Way to Check for a Keyword in a List of Keywords in Delphi?

    - by lkessler
    I have a small list of keywords. What I'd really like to do is akin to: case MyKeyword of 'CHIL': (code for CHIL); 'HUSB': (code for HUSB); 'WIFE': (code for WIFE); 'SEX': (code for SEX); else (code for everything else); end; Unfortunately the CASE statement can't be used like that for strings. I could use the straight IF THEN ELSE IF construct, e.g.: if MyKeyword = 'CHIL' then (code for CHIL) else if MyKeyword = 'HUSB' then (code for HUSB) else if MyKeyword = 'WIFE' then (code for WIFE) else if MyKeyword = 'SEX' then (code for SEX) else (code for everything else); but I've heard this is relatively inefficient. What I had been doing instead is: P := pos(' ' + MyKeyword + ' ', ' CHIL HUSB WIFE SEX '); case P of 1: (code for CHIL); 6: (code for HUSB); 11: (code for WIFE); 17: (code for SEX); else (code for everything else); end; This, of course is not the best programming style, but it works fine for me and up to now didn't make a difference. So what is the best way to rewrite this in Delphi so that it is both simple, understandable but also fast? (For reference, I am using Delphi 2009 with Unicode strings.) Followup: Toby recommended I simply use the If Then Else construct. Looking back at my examples that used a CASE statement, I can see how that is a viable answer. Unfortunately, my inclusion of the CASE inadvertently hid my real question. I actually don't care which keyword it is. That is just a bonus if the particular method can identify it like the POS method can. What I need is to know whether or not the keyword is in the set of keywords. So really I want to know if there is anything better than: if pos(' ' + MyKeyword + ' ', ' CHIL HUSB WIFE SEX ') > 0 then The If Then Else equivalent does not seem better in this case being: if (MyKeyword = 'CHIL') or (MyKeyword = 'HUSB') or (MyKeyword = 'WIFE') or (MyKeyword = 'SEX') then In Barry's comment to Kornel's question, he mentions the TDictionary Generic. I've not yet picked up on the new Generic collections and it looks like I should delve into them. My question here would be whether they are built for efficiency and how would using TDictionary compare in looks and in speed to the above two lines? In later profiling, I have found that the concatenation of strings as in: (' ' + MyKeyword + ' ') is VERY expensive time-wise and should be avoided whenever possible. Almost any other solution is better than doing this.

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  • Is it too early to start designing for Task Parallel Library?

    - by Joe Erickson
    I have been following the development of the .NET Task Parallel Library (TPL) with great interest since Microsoft first announced it. There is no doubt in my mind that we will eventually take advantage of TPL. What I am questioning is whether it makes sense to start taking advantage of TPL when Visual Studio 2010 and .NET 4.0 are released, or whether it makes sense to wait a while longer. Why Start Now? The .NET 4.0 Task Parallel Library appears to be well designed and some relatively simple tests demonstrate that it works well on today's multi-core CPUs. I have been very interested in the potential advantages of using multiple lightweight threads to speed up our software since buying my first quad processor Dell Poweredge 6400 about seven years ago. Experiments at that time indicated that it was not worth the effort, which I attributed largely to the overhead of moving data between each CPU's cache (there was no shared cache back then) and RAM. Competitive advantage - some of our customers can never get enough performance and there is no doubt that we can build a faster product using TPL today. It sounds fun. Yes, I realize that some developers would rather poke themselves in the eye with a sharp stick, but we really enjoy maximizing performance. Why Wait? Are today's Intel Nehalem CPUs representative of where we are going as multi-core support matures? You can purchase a Nehalem CPU with 4 cores which share a single level 3 cache today, and most likely a 6 core CPU sharing a single level 3 cache by the time Visual Studio 2010 / .NET 4.0 are released. Obviously, the number of cores will go up over time, but what about the architecture? As the number of cores goes up, will they still share a cache? One issue with Nehalem is the fact that, even though there is a very fast interconnect between the cores, they have non-uniform memory access (NUMA) which can lead to lower performance and less predictable results. Will future multi-core architectures be able to do away with NUMA? Similarly, will the .NET Task Parallel Library change as it matures, requiring modifications to code to fully take advantage of it? Limitations Our core engine is 100% C# and has to run without full trust, so we are limited to using .NET APIs.

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  • IDs necessary in update script not being stored (or even seen!?) (PHP MySQL)

    - by Derek
    Hi guys, I really need help with this one...have spent 3 hours trying to figure it out... Basically, I have 3 tables necessary for this function to work (the query and PHP)... Authors, Books and Users. An author can have many books, and a user can have many books - that's it. When the admin user selects to update a book, they are presented with a form, displaying the current data within the fields, very straight forward... However there is one tricky part, the admin user can change the author for a book (incase they make a mistake) and also change the user for which the book is associated with. When I select to update the single book information I am not getting any values what so ever for author_id or user_id. Meaning that when the user updates the book info, the associations with the user and author is being scrapped altogether (when before there was an association)... I cannot see why this is happening because I can clearly see the IDs for the users and authors for my option values (this is because they are in select dropdowns). Here is what my sql to retrieve the user ID is: SELECT user_id, name FROM users and then i have my select options which brings up all the users in the system: <label>This book belongs to:</label> <select name="name" id="name"> <option value="<?php echo $row['user_id']?>" SELECTED><?php echo $row['name']?> - Current</option> <?php while($row = mysql_fetch_array($result)) { ?> <option value="<?php echo $row['user_id']; if (isset($_POST['user_id']));?>"><?php echo $row['name']?></option> <?php } ?> In the presented HTML form, I can select the users (by name) and within the source code I can see the IDs (for the value) matching against the names of the users. Finally, in my script that performs the update, I have this: $book_id = $_POST['book_id']; $bookname = $_POST['bookname']; $booklevel = $_POST['booklevel']; $author_id = $_POST['author_id']; $user_id = $_POST['user_id']; $sql = "UPDATE books SET bookname= '".$bookname."', booklevel= '".$booklevel."', author_id='".$author_id."', user_id= '".$user_id."' WHERE book_id = ".$book_id; The result of this query returns no value for either author_id or user_id... Obviously in this question I have given the information for the user stuff (with the HTML being displayed) but im guessing that I have the same problem with authors aswell... How can I get these ID's passed to the script so that the change can be acknowledge!! :(

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  • Any tool(s) for knowing the layout (segments) of running process in Windows?

    - by claws
    I've always been curious about How exactly the process looks in memory? What are the different segments(parts) in it? How exactly will be the program (on the disk) & process (in the memory) are related? My previous question: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1966920/more-info-on-memory-layout-of-an-executable-program-process In my quest, I finally found a answer. I found this excellent article that cleared most of my queries: http://www.linuxforums.org/articles/understanding-elf-using-readelf-and-objdump_125.html In the above article, author shows how to get different segments of the process (LINUX) & he compares it with its corresponding ELF file. I'm quoting this section here: Courious to see the real layout of process segment? We can use /proc//maps file to reveal it. is the PID of the process we want to observe. Before we move on, we have a small problem here. Our test program runs so fast that it ends before we can even dump the related /proc entry. I use gdb to solve this. You can use another trick such as inserting sleep() before it calls return(). In a console (or a terminal emulator such as xterm) do: $ gdb test (gdb) b main Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048376 (gdb) r Breakpoint 1, 0x08048376 in main () Hold right here, open another console and find out the PID of program "test". If you want the quick way, type: $ cat /proc/`pgrep test`/maps You will see an output like below (you might get different output): [1] 0039d000-003b2000 r-xp 00000000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [2] 003b2000-003b3000 r--p 00014000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [3] 003b3000-003b4000 rw-p 00015000 16:41 1080084 /lib/ld-2.3.3.so [4] 003b6000-004cb000 r-xp 00000000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [5] 004cb000-004cd000 r--p 00115000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [6] 004cd000-004cf000 rw-p 00117000 16:41 1080085 /lib/tls/libc-2.3.3.so [7] 004cf000-004d1000 rw-p 004cf000 00:00 0 [8] 08048000-08049000 r-xp 00000000 16:06 66970 /tmp/test [9] 08049000-0804a000 rw-p 00000000 16:06 66970 /tmp/test [10] b7fec000-b7fed000 rw-p b7fec000 00:00 0 [11] bffeb000-c0000000 rw-p bffeb000 00:00 0 [12] ffffe000-fffff000 ---p 00000000 00:00 0 Note: I add number on each line as reference. Back to gdb, type: (gdb) q So, in total, we see 12 segment (also known as Virtual Memory Area--VMA). But I want to know about Windows Process & PE file format. Any tool(s) for getting the layout (segments) of running process in Windows? Any other good resources for learning more on this subject? EDIT: Are there any good articles which shows the mapping between PE file sections & VA segments?

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  • How do I integrate a new MVC C# Project with an existing Web Forms VB.NET Web Application Project?

    - by Jordan Rieger
    We have a corporate website with a large amount of dynamic business application pages (e.g. Shopping Cart, Helpdesk, Product/Service management, Reporting, etc.) The site was built as an ASP.Net Web Application Project (WAP). Our systems have evolved over the years to use .NET 4.5 and various custom business logic DLLs (written in a mix of C# and VB.NET). However, the site itself is still using VB.NET Web Forms. We now have done a few side projects in MVC 4 using Razor/C#, and we want to use this framework for new pages on the main corporate site going forward. What would be the easiest way to achieve this? I found this nice list of steps to integrate MVC 4 into an existing Web Forms app. The problem is that because our existing app is a VB.NET WAP, it compiles into a single DLL, and .NET allows only one language per DLL. The site is way too big for us to contemplate converting it to C# all at once (yes, I've looked at the conversion tools, and they're good, but even 99% accuracy would leave us a huge amount of cleanup work.) I thought about converting the existing WAP into a Web Site Project (WSP) which does allow mixing languages and then following the steps above, but after a few pages of Google results, I couldn't find any steps for converting a WAP to WSP. (Plenty of sites offer the reverse steps: converting a WSP to a WAP.) Another idea I had was to create a completely separate MVC project, and then somehow squish them together into the same folder structure, where they would share the bin folder but compile to separate DLL's. I have no idea if this is possible, because certain files would collide (e.g. Global.asax, web.config, etc.) Finally, I can imagine a compromise solution where we keep all the MVC stuff in its own separate application under a subfolder of the main solution. We already use our own custom session state solution, so it wouldn't be difficult to pass data between the old site to the new pages. Which of the ideas above do you think makes the most sense for us? Is there another solution that I'm missing?

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  • Double Buffering for Game objects, what's a nice clean generic C++ way?

    - by Gary
    This is in C++. So, I'm starting from scratch writing a game engine for fun and learning from the ground up. One of the ideas I want to implement is to have game object state (a struct) be double-buffered. For instance, I can have subsystems updating the new game object data while a render thread is rendering from the old data by guaranteeing there is a consistent state stored within the game object (the data from last time). After rendering of old and updating of new is finished, I can swap buffers and do it again. Question is, what's a good forward-looking and generic OOP way to expose this to my classes while trying to hide implementation details as much as possible? Would like to know your thoughts and considerations. I was thinking operator overloading could be used, but how do I overload assign for a templated class's member within my buffer class? for instance, I think this is an example of what I want: doublebuffer<Vector3> data; data.x=5; //would write to the member x within the new buffer int a=data.x; //would read from the old buffer's x member data.x+=1; //I guess this shouldn't be allowed If this is possible, I could choose to enable or disable double-buffering structs without changing much code. This is what I was considering: template <class T> class doublebuffer{ T T1; T T2; T * current=T1; T * old=T2; public: doublebuffer(); ~doublebuffer(); void swap(); operator=()?... }; and a game object would be like this: struct MyObjectData{ int x; float afloat; } class MyObject: public Node { doublebuffer<MyObjectData> data; functions... } What I have right now is functions that return pointers to the old and new buffer, and I guess any classes that use them have to be aware of this. Is there a better way?

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  • The question about the basics of LINQ to SQL

    - by Alex
    I just started learning LINQ to SQL, and so far I'm impressed with the easy of use and good performance. I used to think that when doing LINQ queries like from Customer in DB.Customers where Customer.Age > 30 select Customer LINQ gets all customers from the database ("SELECT * FROM Customers"), moves them to the Customers array and then makes a search in that Array using .NET methods. This is very inefficient, what if there are hundreds of thousands of customers in the database? Making such big SELECT queries would kill the web application. Now after experiencing how actually fast LINQ to SQL is, I start to suspect that when doing that query I just wrote, LINQ somehow converts it to a SQL Query string SELECT * FROM Customers WHERE Age > 30 And only when necessary it will run the query. So my question is: am I right? And when is the query actually run? The reason why I'm asking is not only because I want to understand how it works in order to build good optimized applications, but because I came across the following problem. I have 2 tables, one of them is Books, the other has information on how many books were sold on certain days. My goal is to select books that had at least 50 sales/day in past 10 days. It's done with this simple query: from Book in DB.Books where (from Sale in DB.Sales where Sale.SalesAmount >= 50 && Sale.DateOfSale >= DateTime.Now.AddDays(-10) select Sale.BookID).Contains(Book.ID) select Book The point is, I have to use the checking part in several queries and I decided to create an array with IDs of all popular books: var popularBooksIDs = from Sale in DB.Sales where Sale.SalesAmount >= 50 && Sale.DateOfSale >= DateTime.Now.AddDays(-10) select Sale.BookID; BUT when I try to do the query now: from Book in DB.Books where popularBooksIDs.Contains(Book.ID) select Book It doesn't work! That's why I think that we can't use thins kinds of shortcuts in LINQ to SQL queries, like we can't use them in real SQL. We have to create straightforward queries, am I right?

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  • PostgreSQL - fetch the row which has the Max value for a column

    - by Joshua Berry
    I'm dealing with a Postgres table (called "lives") that contains records with columns for time_stamp, usr_id, transaction_id, and lives_remaining. I need a query that will give me the most recent lives_remaining total for each usr_id There are multiple users (distinct usr_id's) time_stamp is not a unique identifier: sometimes user events (one by row in the table) will occur with the same time_stamp. trans_id is unique only for very small time ranges: over time it repeats remaining_lives (for a given user) can both increase and decrease over time example: time_stamp|lives_remaining|usr_id|trans_id ----------------------------------------- 07:00 | 1 | 1 | 1 09:00 | 4 | 2 | 2 10:00 | 2 | 3 | 3 10:00 | 1 | 2 | 4 11:00 | 4 | 1 | 5 11:00 | 3 | 1 | 6 13:00 | 3 | 3 | 1 As I will need to access other columns of the row with the latest data for each given usr_id, I need a query that gives a result like this: time_stamp|lives_remaining|usr_id|trans_id ----------------------------------------- 11:00 | 3 | 1 | 6 10:00 | 1 | 2 | 4 13:00 | 3 | 3 | 1 As mentioned, each usr_id can gain or lose lives, and sometimes these timestamped events occur so close together that they have the same timestamp! Therefore this query won't work: SELECT b.time_stamp,b.lives_remaining,b.usr_id,b.trans_id FROM (SELECT usr_id, max(time_stamp) AS max_timestamp FROM lives GROUP BY usr_id ORDER BY usr_id) a JOIN lives b ON a.max_timestamp = b.time_stamp Instead, I need to use both time_stamp (first) and trans_id (second) to identify the correct row. I also then need to pass that information from the subquery to the main query that will provide the data for the other columns of the appropriate rows. This is the hacked up query that I've gotten to work: SELECT b.time_stamp,b.lives_remaining,b.usr_id,b.trans_id FROM (SELECT usr_id, max(time_stamp || '*' || trans_id) AS max_timestamp_transid FROM lives GROUP BY usr_id ORDER BY usr_id) a JOIN lives b ON a.max_timestamp_transid = b.time_stamp || '*' || b.trans_id ORDER BY b.usr_id Okay, so this works, but I don't like it. It requires a query within a query, a self join, and it seems to me that it could be much simpler by grabbing the row that MAX found to have the largest timestamp and trans_id. The table "lives" has tens of millions of rows to parse, so I'd like this query to be as fast and efficient as possible. I'm new to RDBM and Postgres in particular, so I know that I need to make effective use of the proper indexes. I'm a bit lost on how to optimize. I found a similar discussion here. Can I perform some type of Postgres equivalent to an Oracle analytic function? Any advice on accessing related column information used by an aggregate function (like MAX), creating indexes, and creating better queries would be much appreciated! P.S. You can use the following to create my example case: create TABLE lives (time_stamp timestamp, lives_remaining integer, usr_id integer, trans_id integer); insert into lives values ('2000-01-01 07:00', 1, 1, 1); insert into lives values ('2000-01-01 09:00', 4, 2, 2); insert into lives values ('2000-01-01 10:00', 2, 3, 3); insert into lives values ('2000-01-01 10:00', 1, 2, 4); insert into lives values ('2000-01-01 11:00', 4, 1, 5); insert into lives values ('2000-01-01 11:00', 3, 1, 6); insert into lives values ('2000-01-01 13:00', 3, 3, 1);

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  • What is your most productive shortcut with Vim?

    - by Olivier Pons
    I've heard a lot about Vim, both pros and cons. It really seems you should be (as a developer) faster with Vim than with any other editor. I'm using Vim to do some basic stuff and I'm at best 10 times less productive with Vim. The only two things you should care about when you talk about speed (you may not care enough about them, but you should) are: Using alternatively left and right hands is the fastest way to use the keyboard. Never touching the mouse is the second way to be as fast as possible. It takes ages for you to move your hand, grab the mouse, move it, and bring it back to the keyboard (and you often have to look at the keyboard to be sure you returned your hand properly to the right place) Here are two examples demonstrating why I'm far less productive with Vim. Copy/Cut & paste. I do it all the time. With all the classical editors you press Shift with the left hand, and you move the cursor with your right hand to select text. Then Ctrl+C copies, you move the cursor and Ctrl+V pastes. With Vim it's horrible: yy to copy one line (you almost never want the whole line!) [number xx]yy to copy xx lines into the buffer. But you never know exactly if you've selected what you wanted. I often have to do [number xx]dd then u to undo! Another example? Search & replace. In PSPad: Ctrl+f then type what you want you search for, then press Enter. In Vim: /, then type what you want to search for, then if there are some special characters put \ before each special character, then press Enter. And everything with Vim is like that: it seems I don't know how to handle it the right way. NB : I've already read the Vim cheat sheet :) My question is: What is the way you use Vim that makes you more productive than with a classical editor?

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  • Choosing the right .NET architecture. WCF? WPF/Forms, ASP.NET (MVC)?

    - by Tommy Jakobsen
    I’m in the situation that I have to design and implement a rather big system from the bottom. I’m having some (a lot actually) questions about the architecture that I would like your comments and thoughts on. I don’t hope that I’ve written too much here, but I wanted to give you all an idea of what the system is. Quick info about the applications, read if you want: I can’t share much detail about the project, but basically it’s a system where we offer our customer a service to manage their users. We have a hotline where the users call and our hotline uses an (windows) application (intranet) to manage the user’s data, etc. The customer also has a web application where they can see reports, information about their business and users, and the ability to modify their data. Modifying data is not just user data like address and so, but also information about the products/services the user has, which can be complicated. The applications will be built on Microsoft .NET Framework 4, with a MS SQL Server 2008 database. There will be a few applications that have to access this database, such as: Intranet application (used by us and our hotline) Customer web application type 1 Customer web application type 2 Customer web application type n different applications) … Now my big problem is what .NET parts I should use for such a system. For the “backend” I’ve considered using Windows Communication Foundation: Would WCF be a good choice? The intranet application will be an application that has to edit lots of records in the database. It has to be easy to navigate using the keyboard (fast to work with). Has a feature such as “find customer, find that, lookup this, choose this and update that”. What would be the best choice to develop this application in? Would it be WPF or good old Windows Forms? I don’t need all of the fancy graphics features in WPF, like 3D, but the application has to look nice (maybe something like the new Visual Studio/Office tools). And the same question goes for the web pages. They have much the same work to do, but not as many features as the intranet application, and not the same amount of data (much less). That is my questions for now. I’m hoping to get a discussion going that will open my eyes to some of these technologies, helping me decide architecture to go with. I would like to say thanks in advance, and let you all know that any thoughts will be much appreciated.

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  • JQuery fadeIn after src changed but fadeIn on the previous src anyway !

    - by Anna
    Hello ! I have a jquery bug and I've been looking for hours now, I can't figure out what's wrong... I have this code : $(document).ready(function(){ $('#ulPhotos a').click(function() { var newSrc= $(this).find('img').attr('src').split("/"); bigPictureName = 'big'+newSrc[2]; $('#pho').hide(); $('#imageBig').attr("src", "images/photos/"+bigPictureName); $('#pho').fadeIn('slow'); var alt = $(this).find('img').attr('alt'); $('#legend').html(alt); }); }); and this in html : <ul id="ulPhotos"> <li><a href="#centre"><img src="images/photos/09.jpg" title="La Reine de la Nuit au Comedia" alt="<em>La Reine de la Nuit</em> au Comedia"/></a> <a href="#centre"><img src="images/photos/03.jpg" title="Manuelita, La Périchole à l&rsquo;Opéra Comique" alt="Manuelita, <em>La Périchole</em> à l&#8217;Opéra Comique" /></a></li> <li><a href="#centre" ><img src="images/photos/12.png" title="" alt="Marion Baglan Carnac Ré" /></a> and this in for bigImage : </div> <div id="pho" a name="centre"> <p id="legend"> La Reine de la Nuit</p> <img src="images/photos/big09.jpg" alt="Marion Baglan" id="imageBig"/> </div> It simply changes the source of my img in a div named pho... but sometimes when the new image is too heavy, the fadeIn executes on the previous src !! so we see the fadeIn first on the previous image, and then, the right picture appears without fadeIn.... am I missing something? ps : the page is here http://www.marion-baglan.net/photos.htm#centre if you click fast you can see it... and when I try to put some bigger photos, it's very obvious...

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  • Persistent (purely functional) Red-Black trees on disk performance

    - by Waneck
    I'm studying the best data structures to implement a simple open-source object temporal database, and currently I'm very fond of using Persistent Red-Black trees to do it. My main reasons for using persistent data structures is first of all to minimize the use of locks, so the database can be as parallel as possible. Also it will be easier to implement ACID transactions and even being able to abstract the database to work in parallel on a cluster of some kind. The great thing of this approach is that it makes possible implementing temporal databases almost for free. And this is something quite nice to have, specially for web and for data analysis (e.g. trends). All of this is very cool, but I'm a little suspicious about the overall performance of using a persistent data structure on disk. Even though there are some very fast disks available today, and all writes can be done asynchronously, so a response is always immediate, I don't want to build all application under a false premise, only to realize it isn't really a good way to do it. Here's my line of thought: - Since all writes are done asynchronously, and using a persistent data structure will enable not to invalidate the previous - and currently valid - structure, the write time isn't really a bottleneck. - There are some literature on structures like this that are exactly for disk usage. But it seems to me that these techniques will add more read overhead to achieve faster writes. But I think that exactly the opposite is preferable. Also many of these techniques really do end up with a multi-versioned trees, but they aren't strictly immutable, which is something very crucial to justify the persistent overhead. - I know there still will have to be some kind of locking when appending values to the database, and I also know there should be a good garbage collecting logic if not all versions are to be maintained (otherwise the file size will surely rise dramatically). Also a delta compression system could be thought about. - Of all search trees structures, I really think Red-Blacks are the most close to what I need, since they offer the least number of rotations. But there are some possible pitfalls along the way: - Asynchronous writes -could- affect applications that need the data in real time. But I don't think that is the case with web applications, most of the time. Also when real-time data is needed, another solutions could be devised, like a check-in/check-out system of specific data that will need to be worked on a more real-time manner. - Also they could lead to some commit conflicts, though I fail to think of a good example of when it could happen. Also commit conflicts can occur in normal RDBMS, if two threads are working with the same data, right? - The overhead of having an immutable interface like this will grow exponentially and everything is doomed to fail soon, so this all is a bad idea. Any thoughts? Thanks! edit: There seems to be a misunderstanding of what a persistent data structure is: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persistent_data_structure

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  • log4j performance

    - by Bob
    Hi, I'm developing a web app, and I'd like to log some information to help me improve and observe the app. (I'm using Tomcat6) First I thought I would use StringBuilders, append the logs to them and a task would persist them into the database like every 2 minutes. Because I was worried about the out-of-the-box logging system's performance. Then I made some test. Especially with log4j. Here is my code: Main.java public static void main(String[] args) { Thread[] threads = new Thread[LoggerThread.threadsNumber]; for(int i = 0; i < LoggerThread.threadsNumber; ++i){ threads[i] = new Thread(new LoggerThread("name - " + i)); } LoggerThread.startTimestamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); for(int i = 0; i < LoggerThread.threadsNumber; ++i){ threads[i].start(); } LoggerThread.java public class LoggerThread implements Runnable{ public static int threadsNumber = 10; public static long startTimestamp; private static int counter = 0; private String name; public LoggerThread(String name) { this.name = name; } private Logger log = Logger.getLogger(this.getClass()); @Override public void run() { for(int i=0; i<10000; ++i){ log.info(name + ": " + i); if(i == 9999){ int c = increaseCounter(); if(c == threadsNumber){ System.out.println("Elapsed time: " + (System.currentTimeMillis() - startTimestamp)); } } } } private synchronized int increaseCounter(){ return ++counter; } } } log4j.properties log4j.logger.main.LoggerThread=debug, f log4j.appender.f=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender log4j.appender.f.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.f.layout.ConversionPattern=%d{ABSOLUTE} %5p %c{1}:%L - %m%n log4j.appender.f.File=c:/logs/logging.log log4j.appender.f.MaxFileSize=15000KB log4j.appender.f.MaxBackupIndex=50 I think this is a very common configuration for log4j. First I used log4j 1.2.14 then I realized there was a newer version, so I switched to 1.2.16 Here are the figures (all in millisec) LoggerThread.threadsNumber = 10 1.2.14: 4235, 4267, 4328, 4282 1.2.16: 2780, 2781, 2797, 2781 LoggerThread.threadsNumber = 100 1.2.14: 41312, 41014, 42251 1.2.16: 25606, 25729, 25922 I think this is very fast. Don't forget that: in every cycle the run method not just log into the file, it has to concatenate strings (name + ": " + i), and check an if test (i == 9999). When threadsNumber is 10, there are 100.000 loggings and if tests and concatenations. When it is 100, there are 1.000.000 loggings and if tests and concatenations. (I've read somewhere JVM uses StringBuilder's append for concatenation, not simple concatenation). Did I missed something? Am I doing something wrong? Did I forget any factor that could decrease the performance? If these figures are correct I think, I don't have to worry about log4j's performance even if I heavily log, do I?

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  • Combinations and Permutations in F#

    - by Noldorin
    I've recently written the following combinations and permutations functions for an F# project, but I'm quite aware they're far from optimised. /// Rotates a list by one place forward. let rotate lst = List.tail lst @ [List.head lst] /// Gets all rotations of a list. let getRotations lst = let rec getAll lst i = if i = 0 then [] else lst :: (getAll (rotate lst) (i - 1)) getAll lst (List.length lst) /// Gets all permutations (without repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getPerms n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, _ -> lst |> getRotations |> Seq.collect (fun r -> Seq.map ((@) [List.head r]) (getPerms (k - 1) (List.tail r))) /// Gets all permutations (with repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getPermsWithRep n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, _ -> lst |> Seq.collect (fun x -> Seq.map ((@) [x]) (getPermsWithRep (k - 1) lst)) // equivalent: | k, _ -> lst |> getRotations |> Seq.collect (fun r -> List.map ((@) [List.head r]) (getPermsWithRep (k - 1) r)) /// Gets all combinations (without repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getCombs n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, (x :: xs) -> Seq.append (Seq.map ((@) [x]) (getCombs (k - 1) xs)) (getCombs k xs) /// Gets all combinations (with repetition) of specified length from a list. let rec getCombsWithRep n lst = match n, lst with | 0, _ -> seq [[]] | _, [] -> seq [] | k, (x :: xs) -> Seq.append (Seq.map ((@) [x]) (getCombsWithRep (k - 1) lst)) (getCombsWithRep k xs) Does anyone have any suggestions for how these functions (algorithms) can be sped up? I'm particularly interested in how the permutation (with and without repetition) ones can be improved. The business involving rotations of lists doesn't look too efficient to me in retrospect. Update Here's my new implementation for the getPerms function, inspired by Tomas's answer. Unfortunately, it's not really any fast than the existing one. Suggestions? let getPerms n lst = let rec getPermsImpl acc n lst = seq { match n, lst with | k, x :: xs -> if k > 0 then for r in getRotations lst do yield! getPermsImpl (List.head r :: acc) (k - 1) (List.tail r) if k >= 0 then yield! getPermsImpl acc k [] | 0, [] -> yield acc | _, [] -> () } getPermsImpl List.empty n lst

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  • Programming graphics and sound on PC - Total newbie questions, and lots of them!

    - by Russel
    Hello, This isn't exactly specifically a programming question (or is it?) but I was wondering: How are graphics and sound processed from code and output by the PC? My guess for graphics: There is some reserved memory space somewhere that holds exactly enough room for a frame of graphics output for your monitor. IE: 800 x 600, 24 bit color mode == 800x600x3 = ~1.4MB memory space Between each refresh, the program writes video data to this space. This action is completed before the monitor refresh. Assume a simple 2D game: the graphics data is stored in machine code as many bytes representing color values. Depending on what the program(s) being run instruct the PC, the processor reads the appropriate data and writes it to the memory space. When it is time for the monitor to refresh, it reads from each memory space byte-for-byte and activates hardware depending on those values for each color element of each pixel. All of this of course happens crazy-fast, and repeats x times a second, x being the monitor's refresh rate. I've simplified my own likely-incorrect explanation by avoiding talk of double buffering, etc Here are my questions: a) How close is the above guess (the three steps)? b) How could one incorporate graphics in pure C++ code? I assume the practical thing that everyone does is use a graphics library (SDL, OpenGL, etc), but, for example, how do these libraries accomplish what they do? Would manual inclusion of graphics in pure C++ code (say, a 2D spite) involve creating a two-dimensional array of bit values (or three dimensional to include multiple RGB values per pixel)? Is this how it would be done waaay back in the day? c) Also, continuing from above, do libraries such as SDL etc that use bitmaps actual just build the bitmap/etc files into machine code of the executable and use them as though they were build in the same matter mentioned in question b above? d) In my hypothetical step 3 above, is there any registers involved? Like, could you write some byte value to some register to output a single color of one byte on the screen? Or is it purely dedicated memory space (=RAM) + hardware interaction? e) Finally, how is all of this done for sound? (I have no idea :) )

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  • a question about rails general practice with REST, json, and ajax

    - by Nik
    Hi all, I have this question concerning REST I think: I have read a few rest tutorials and the feeling I get from them is that each action in a restful controller tends to be lean and almost single purpose: "Index gives off a collection of a model show gives off one model edit/new a prep place for changing/create a model update/create changes and makes new model deletes removes one model" After reading all these tutorials, rest seems to be to be a means to create an interface for a model, much like active resource type of thing. the mantra seems to be "controller provides data and data only and is also pretty convention over configuration, so expect projects_path to return a bunch of projects" I can understand that, and I like the cleanliness. But here's when I run into some trouble in reality in applying these guidelines: say three models, Project with attrib title, User with attrib name, and Location with attrib address. Say in views/users/index.html.erb, I want to use Ajax to fetch and display a project in a div#project_display when the user clicks on a project element, I know that I can use views/projects/show.js.rjs like this: page.replace_html 'project_display' "#{@project.name}" where in the projects_controller.rb def show @project = Project.find(params[:id]) repsond_to do |format| format.js and other formats... end end I have no problem in doing that for a couple of years now. BUT doesn't that mean that my JS response for the project#show action is LOCkED to present data to div#project_display element and show only whatever I that rjs template says it should show? That's very limiting and doesn't sound very "interface" like. I have never used JSON before or much XML, so I thought, maybe the JS response should send back raw stuff, like JSON and somehow the page on which the ajax request was called has the instruction on what do to with these raw data. That sounds a lot more flexible, doesn't it? Because look back at that exmpale, what if in the views/locations/index.html.erb, I want to do the exact same thing except I want to put the response in div#project_goes_here and the response should be #{project.name} I know this is a trivial change but that's the point: the RJS only allows one template at a time. So I think the JSON route is the way to go, but how does the already loaded page, the one that the ajax call came from, know when or how to "look forward" to incoming data? I read that PrototypeJS has this template thing, I wouldn't mind using it with JSON, but if you can demonstrate this or other means for displaying received-from-ajax data, I am all attention. Thank You

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  • Should we denormalize database to improve performance?

    - by Groo
    We have a requirement to store 500 measurements per second, coming from several devices. Each measurement consists of a timestamp, a quantity type, and several vector values. Right now there is 8 vector values per measurement, and we may consider this number to be constant for needs of our prototype project. We are using HNibernate. Tests are done in SQLite (disk file db, not in-memory), but production will probably be MsSQL. Our Measurement entity class is the one that holds a single measurement, and looks like this: public class Measurement { public virtual Guid Id { get; private set; } public virtual Device Device { get; private set; } public virtual Timestamp Timestamp { get; private set; } public virtual IList<VectorValue> Vectors { get; private set; } } Vector values are stored in a separate table, so that each of them references its parent measurement through a foreign key. We have done a couple of things to ensure that generated SQL is (reasonably) efficient: we are using Guid.Comb for generating IDs, we are flushing around 500 items in a single transaction, ADO.Net batch size is set to 100 (I think SQLIte does not support batch updates? But it might be useful later). The problem Right now we can insert 150-200 measurements per second (which is not fast enough, although this is SQLite we are talking about). Looking at the generated SQL, we can see that in a single transaction we insert (as expected): 1 timestamp 1 measurement 8 vector values which means that we are actually doing 10x more single table inserts: 1500-2000 per second. If we placed everything (all 8 vector values and the timestamp) into the measurement table (adding 9 dedicated columns), it seems that we could increase our insert speed up to 10 times. Switching to SQL server will improve performance, but we would like to know if there might be a way to avoid unnecessary performance costs related to the way database is organized right now. [Edit] With in-memory SQLite I get around 350 items/sec (3500 single table inserts), which I believe is about as good as it gets with NHibernate (taking this post for reference: http://ayende.com/Blog/archive/2009/08/22/nhibernate-perf-tricks.aspx). But I might as well switch to SQL server and stop assuming things, right? I will update my post as soon as I test it.

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  • Getting <divs>'s to align next to each other

    - by user1322845
    I have the following code I am trying to get working correctly: <div id="newspost_bg"> <article> <p> <header><h3>The fast red fox!</h3></header> This is where the article resides in the article tag. This is good for SEO optimization. <footer>Read More..</footer> </p> </article> </div> <div id="newspost_bg"> hello </div> <div id="newspost_bg"> hello </div> <div id="advertisement"> <script type="text/javascript"><!-- google_ad_client = "ca-pub-2139701283631933"; /* testing site */ google_ad_slot = "4831288817"; google_ad_width = 120; google_ad_height = 600; //--> </script> </div> Here is the css that goes with it: #newspost_bg{ position: relative; background-color: #d9dde1; width:700px; height:250px; margin: 10px; margin-left: 20px; border: solid 10px #1d2631; float:left; } #newspost_bg article{ position: relative; margin-left: 20px; } #advertisement{ float: left; background-color: #d9dde1; width: 125px; height: 605px; margin: 10px; } The problem I'm experiencing is that the advertisements im trying to get setup will align with the last with the id of newspost_bg but im looking to havce it align to the top of the container it is in. I dont know if this is enough info, if not please let me know what you might need. Im new to the web coding scene so any and all critiques help me.

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  • show/hide html table columns using css

    - by Art Peterson
    I want to display a basic html table with controls to toggle showing/hiding of additional columns: <table id="mytable"> <tr> <th>Column 1</th> <th class="col1">1a</th> <th class="col1">1b</th> <th>Column 2</th> <th class="col2">2a</th> <th class="col2">2b</th> </tr> <tr> <td>100</td> <td class="col1">40</td> <td class="col1">60</td> <td>200</td> <td class="col2">110</td> <td class="col2">90</td> </tr> </table> So Column 1 and Column 2 will be the only columns displayed by default - but when you click on the Column 1 I want 1a and 1b to toggle, and same with Column 2 with 2a and 2b. I may end up with more columns and lots of rows - so any javascript looping approaches have been too slow to work with when I tested. The only approach that seems to be fast enough is to set up some css like this: table.hide1 .col1 { display: none; } table.hide2 .col2 { display: none; } table.hide3 .col3 { display: none; } table.show1 .col1 { display: table-cell; } table.show2 .col2 { display: table-cell; } table.show3 .col3 { display: table-cell; } And then set up onClick function calls on the table header cells that will trigger a toggle - and determine which css class to set "mytable" to that will create the toggle effect that I'm looking for. Is there an easy way to set this up so that the code can work for n # of columns?

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  • Getting Started with Maven + Jaxb project + IntellijIdea

    - by Em Ae
    I am complete new to IntellijIdea and i am looking for some step-by-step process to set up a basic project. My project depends on Maven + Jaxb classes so i need a Maven project so that when i compile this project, the JAXB Objects are generated by Maven plugins. Now i started like this I created a blank project say MaJa project Added Maven Module to it Added following settings in POM.XML <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>MaJa</groupId> <artifactId>MaJa</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>javax.xml.bind</groupId> <artifactId>jaxb-api</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.sun.xml.bind</groupId> <artifactId>jaxb-impl</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId> <artifactId>jaxb2-maven-plugin</artifactId> <executions> <execution> <goals> <goal>xjc</goal> </goals> </execution> </executions> <configuration> <schemaDirectory>${basedir}/src/main/resource/api/MaJa</schemaDirectory> <packageName>com.rimt.shopping.api.web.ws.v1.model</packageName> <outputDirectory>${build.directory}</outputDirectory> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project> First of all, is it right settings ? I tried clicking on Make/Compile 'MaJa' from Project Right Click Menu and it didn't do anything. I will be looking forward to yoru replies.

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  • Core Animation performance on iphone

    - by nico
    I'm trying to do some animations using Core Animation on the iphone. I'm using CABasicAnimation on CALayer. It's a straight forward animation from a random place at the top of the screen to the bottom of the screen at random speed, I have 30 elements that doing the same animation continuously until another action happens. But the performance on the iPhone 3G is very sluggish when the animations start. The image is only 8k. Is this the right approach? How should I change so it performs better. // image cached somewhere else. CGImageRef imageRef = [[UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:[[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:name ofType:@"png"]] CGImage]; - (void)animate:(NSTimer *)timer { int startX = round(radom() % 320); float speed = 1 / round(random() % 100 + 2); CALayer *layer = [CALayer layer]; layer.name = @"layer"; layer.contents = imageRef; // cached image layer.frame = CGRectMake(0, 0, CGImageGetWidth(imageRef), CGImageGetHeight(imageRef)); int width = layer.frame.size.width; int height = layer.frame.size.height; layer.frame = CGRectMake(startX, self.view.frame.origin.y, width, height); [effectLayer addSublayer:layer]; CGPoint start = CGPointMake(startX, 0); CGPoint end = CGPointMake(startX, self.view.frame.size.height); float repeatCount = 1e100; CABasicAnimation *animation = [CABasicAnimation animationWithKeyPath:@"position"]; animation.delegate = self; animation.fromValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:start]; animation.toValue = [NSValue valueWithCGPoint:end]; animation.duration = speed; animation.repeatCount = repeatCount; animation.autoreverses = NO; animation.removedOnCompletion = YES; animation.fillMode = kCAFillModeForwards; [layer addAnimation:animation forKey:@"position"]; } The animations are fired off using a NSTimer. animationTimer = [NSTimer timerWithTimeInterval:0.2 target:self selector:@selector(animate:) userInfo:nil repeats:YES]; [[NSRunLoop currentRunLoop] addTimer:animationTimer forMode:NSDefaultRunLoopMode];

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  • Clickin issue in Flash and XML

    - by ortho
    Hi, I have the php backend that displays an xml page with data for flash consuming. Flash takes it and creates a textfields dynamicaly based on this information. I have a few items in menu on top and when I click one of them, data is taken from php and everything is displayed in scroll in flash. The problem is that if I click too fast between menu items, then I get buggy layout. The text (only the text) is becoming part of the layout and is displayed no metter what item in menu I am currently in and only refreshing the page helps. var myXML:XML = new XML(); myXML.ignoreWhite=true; myXML.load("/getBud1.php"); myXML.onLoad = function(success){ if (success){ var myNode = this.firstChild.childNodes; var myTxt:Array = Array(0); for (var i:Number = 0; i<myNode.length; i++) { myTxt[i] = "text"+i+"content"; createTextField(myTxt[i],i+1,65,3.5,150, 20); var pole = eval(myTxt[i]); pole.embedFonts = true; var styl:TextFormat = new TextFormat(); styl.font = "ArialFont"; pole.setNewTextFormat(styl); pole.text = String(myNode[i].childNodes[1].firstChild.nodeValue); pole.wordWrap = true; pole.autoSize = "left"; if(i > 0) { var a:Number = eval(myTxt[i-1])._height + eval(myTxt[i-1])._y + 3; pole._y = a; } attachMovie("kropka2", "test"+i+"th", i+1000); eval("test"+i+"th")._y = pole._y + 5; eval("test"+i+"th")._x = 52; } } } I tried to load the info and ceate text fields from top frame and then refer to correct place by instance names string e.g. budData.dataHolder.holder.createTextField , but then when I change between items in menu the text dissapears completely untill I refresh the page. Please help

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  • Checking to see if a number is evenly divisible by other numbers with recursion in Python

    - by Ernesto
    At the risk of receiving negative votes, I will preface this by saying this is a midterm problem for a programming class. However, I have already submitted the code and passed the question. I changed the name of the function(s) so that someone can't immediately do a search and find the correct code, as that is not my purpose. I am actually trying to figure out what is actually MORE CORRECT from two pieces that I wrote. The problem tells us that a certain fast food place sells bite-sized pieces of chicken in packs of 6, 9, and 20. It wants us to create a function that will tell if a given number of bite-sized piece of chicken can be obtained by buying different packs. For example, 15 can be bought, because 6 + 9 is 15, but 16 cannot be bought, because no combination of the packs will equal 15. The code I submitted and was "correct" on, was: def isDivisible(n): """ n is an int Returns True if some integer combination of 6, 9 and 20 equals n Otherwise returns False. """ a, b, c = 20, 9, 6 if n == 0: return True elif n < 0: return False elif isDivisible(n - a) or isDivisible(n - b) or isDivisible(n - c): return True else: return False However, I got to thinking, if the initial number is 0, it will return True. Would an initial number of 0 be considered "buying that amount using 6, 9, and/or 20"? I cannot view the test cases the grader used, so I don't know if the grader checked 0 as a test case and decided that True was an acceptable answer or not. I also can't just enter the new code, because it is a midterm. I decided to create a second piece of code that would handle an initial case of 0, and assuming 0 is actually False: def isDivisible(n): """ n is an int Returns True if some integer combination of 6, 9 and 20 equals n Otherwise returns False. """ a, b, c = 20, 9, 6 if n == 0: return False else: def helperDivisible(n): if n == 0: return True elif n < 0: return False elif helperDivisible(n - a) or helperDivisible(n - b) or helperDivisible(n - c): return True else: return False return helperDivisible(n) As you can see, my second function had to use a "helper" function in order to work. My overall question, though, is which function do you think would provide the correct answer, if the grader had tested for 0 as an initial input?

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  • Need Help on OAuthException Code 2500

    - by Deepak
    I am trying to develop an Facebook application (apps.facebook.com/some_app) using PHP where I need to present some information based on user's music interests. I found that its under "user_likes games". My problems are as follows: To gain access, I have implemented the oauth dialog method as suggested in API in my index page. $auth_url = "http://www.facebook.com/dialog/oauth?client_id=" . $app_id . "&redirect_uri=" . urlencode($canvas_page) ."&scope=user_likes"; After successful authorization I come back to index page with "code" as parameters. http://MY_CANVAS_PAGE/?code=some base64 encoded letters Firstly I don't know if I need access_token just to read user's music interests but I have tried all the methods suggested. I couldn't move forward from this point I have a code like this (in my index page), which redirects for authorization if code parameters is not set. if(empty($code) && !isset($_REQUEST['error'])) { $_SESSION['state'] = md5(uniqid(rand(), TRUE)); //CSRF protection echo("<script> top.location.href='" . $auth_url . "'</script>"); } Currently I am just trying to get user's public information here but with no success. I have tried the signed_request method as suggested but no success $signed_request = $_REQUEST["signed_request"]; list($encoded_sig, $payload) = explode('.', $signed_request, 2); $data = json_decode(base64_decode(strtr($payload, '-_', '+/')), true); echo ("Welcome User: " . $data["user_id"]); Also tried the code found in http://developers.facebook.com/blog/post/500/ but I am getting error when trying to get the debug info using print_r($decoded_response); stdClass Object ( [error] => stdClass Object ( [message] => An active access token must be used to query information about the current user. [type] => OAuthException [code] => 2500 ) ) To get user's public info, I have tried also the suggested example in PHP SDK $facebook = new Facebook(array( 'appId' => MY_APP_ID, //registered facebook APP ID 'secret' => MY_SECRET, //secret key for APP )); $fb_user = $facebook->getUser(); if($fb_user){ try { $user_profile = $facebook->api('/me'); echo $user_profile['email']; } catch(FacebookApiException $e) { $fb_user = null; } } But no success. Can somebody explain me why I am getting this error and how to access the user's music interest properly. Probably I misunderstood the API. Thanks Deepak

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