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• Why does LogonUser place user profiles in c:\users of the server?

  - by Lalit_M

  We have developed a ASP.NET web application and has implemented a custom authentication solution using active directory as the credentials store. Our front end application uses a normal login form to capture the user name and password and leverages the Win32 LogonUser method to authenticate the user’s credentials. When we are calling the LogonUser method, we are using the LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK as the logon type. The issue we have found is that user profile folders are being created under the C:\Users folder of the web server. The folder seems to be created when a new user who has never logged on before is logging in for the first time. As the number of new users logging into the application grows, disk space is shrinking due to the large number of new user folders getting created. Has anyone seen this behavior with the Win32 LogonUser method? Does anyone know how to disable this behavior? I have tried LOGON32_LOGON_BATCH but it was giving an error 1385 in authentication user. I need either of the solution 1) Is there any way to stop the folder generation. 2) What parameter I need to pass this to work? Thanks

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• method works fine, until it is called in a function, then UnboundLocalError

  - by user1776100

  I define a method called dist, to calculate the distance between two points which I does it correctly when directly using the method. However, when I get a function to call it to calculate the distance between two points, I get UnboundLocalError: local variable 'minkowski_distance' referenced before assignment edit sorry, I just realised, this function does work. However I have another method calling it that doesn't. I put the last method at the bottom This is the method: class MinkowskiDistance(Distance): def __init__(self, dist_funct_name_str = 'Minkowski distance', p=2): self.p = p def dist(self, obj_a, obj_b): distance_to_power_p=0 p=self.p for i in range(len(obj_a)): distance_to_power_p += abs((obj_a[i]-obj_b[i]))**(p) minkowski_distance = (distance_to_power_p)**(1/p) return minkowski_distance and this is the function: (it basically splits the tuples x and y into their number and string components and calculates the distance between the numeric part of x and y and then the distance between the string parts, then adds them. def total_dist(x, y, p=2, q=2): jacard = QGramDistance(q=q) minkowski = MinkowskiDistance(p=p) x_num = [] x_str = [] y_num = [] y_str = [] #I am spliting each vector into its numerical parts and its string parts so that the distances #of each part can be found, then summed together. for i in range(len(x)): if type(x[i]) == float or type(x[i]) == int: x_num.append(x[i]) y_num.append(y[i]) else: x_str.append(x[i]) y_str.append(y[i]) num_dist = minkowski.dist(x_num,y_num) str_dist = I find using some more steps #I am simply adding the two types of distance to get the total distance: return num_dist + str_dist class NearestNeighbourClustering(Clustering): def __init__(self, data_file, clust_algo_name_str='', strip_header = "no", remove = -1): self.data_file= data_file self.header_strip = strip_header self.remove_column = remove def run_clustering(self, max_dist, p=2, q=2): K = {} #dictionary of clusters data_points = self.read_data_file() K[0]=[data_points[0]] k=0 #I added the first point in the data to the 0th cluster #k = number of clusters minus 1 n = len(data_points) for i in range(1,n): data_point_in_a_cluster = "no" for c in range(k+1): distances_from_i = [total_dist(data_points[i],K[c][j], p=p, q=q) for j in range(len(K[c]))] d = min(distances_from_i) if d <= max_dist: K[c].append(data_points[i]) data_point_in_a_cluster = "yes" if data_point_in_a_cluster == "no": k += 1 K[k]=[data_points[i]] return K

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• MySql: Is it reasonable to use 'view' or I would better denormalize my DB?

  - by Budda

  There is 'team_sector' table with following fields: Id, team_id, sect_id, size, level It contains few records for each 'team' entity (referenced with 'team_id' field). Each record represent sector of team's stadium (totally 8 sectors). Now it is necessary to implement few searches: by overall stadium size (SUM(size)); the best quality (SUM(level)/COUNT(*)). I could create query something like this: SELECT TS.team_id, SUM(TS.size) as OverallSize, SUM(TS.Level)/COUNT(TS.Id) AS QualityLevel FROM team_sector GROUP BY team_id ORDER BY OverallSize DESC / ORDER BY QualityLevel DESC But my concern here is that calculation for each team will be done each time on query performed. It is not too big overhead (at least now), but I would like to avoid performance issues later. I see 2 options here. The 1st one is to create 2 additional fields in 'team' table (for example) and store there OverallSize and QualityLevel fields. If information if 'sector' table is changed - update those table too (probably would be good to do that with triggers, as sector table doesn't change too often). The 2nd option is to create a view that will provide required data. The 2nd option seems much easier for me, but I don't have a lot of experience/knowledge of work with views. Q1: What is the best option from your perspective here and why? Probably you could suggest other options? Q2: Can I create view in such way that it will do calculations rarely (at least once per day)? If yes - how? Q3: Is it reasonable to use triggers for such purpose (1st option). P.S. MySql 5.1 is used, overall number of teams is around 1-2 thousand, overall number of records in sector table - overall 6-8 thousand. I understand, those numbers are pretty small, but I would like to implement the best practice here.

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• WIN32 API question - Looking for answer asap

  - by Lalit_M

  We have developed a ASP.NET web application and has implemented a custom authentication solution using active directory as the credentials store. Our front end application uses a normal login form to capture the user name and password and leverages the Win32 LogonUser method to authenticate the user’s credentials. When we are calling the LogonUser method, we are using the LOGON32_LOGON_NETWORK as the logon type. The issue we have found is that user profile folders are being created under the C:\Users folder of the web server. The folder seems to be created when a new user who has never logged on before is logging in for the first time. As the number of new users logging into the application grows, disk space is shrinking due to the large number of new user folders getting created. Has anyone seen this behavior with the Win32 LogonUser method? Does anyone know how to disable this behavior? I have tried LOGON32_LOGON_BATCH but it was giving an error 1385 in authentication user. I need either of the solution 1) Is there any way to stop the folder generation. 2) What parameter I need to pass this to work? Thanks

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• What is the difference between _tmain() and main() in C++?

  - by joshcomley

  If I run my C++ application with the following main() method everything is OK: int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { cout << "There are " << argc << " arguments:" << endl; // Loop through each argument and print its number and value for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) cout << i << " " << argv[i] << endl; return 0; } I get what I expect and my arguments are printed out. However, if I use _tmain: int _tmain(int argc, char *argv[]) { cout << "There are " << argc << " arguments:" << endl; // Loop through each argument and print its number and value for (int i=0; i<argc; i++) cout << i << " " << argv[i] << endl; return 0; } It just displays the first character of each argument. What is the difference causing this?

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• Pi help with Php (mass looping)

  - by Pieman

  My primary question is: Is this alot of loops? while ($decimals < 50000 and $remainder != "0") { $number = floor($remainder/$currentdivider); //Always round down! 10/3 =3, 10/7 = 1 $remainder = $remainder%$currentdivider; // 10%3 =1, 10%1 $thisnumber = $thisnumber . $number; $remainder = $remainder . 0; //10 $decimals += 1; } Or could I fit more into it? -without the server crashing/lagging. I'm just wondering, Also is there a more effiecent way of doing the above? (e.g. finidng out that 1/3 = 0.3 to 50,000 decimals.) Finally: I'm doing this for a pi formulae the (1 - 1/3 + 1/5 - 1/7 etc.) one, And i'm wondering if there is a better one. (In php) I have found one that finds pi to 2000 in 4 seconds. But thats not what I want. I want an infinite series that converges closer to Pi so every refresh, users can view it getting closer... see: http://zombiewrath.com/pi.php (Old one) and 'zombiewrath.com/superpi.php' (Newer one) But obv. converging using the above formulae takes ALONG time. Is there any other 'loop' like Pi formulaes (workable in php) that converge faster? Thanks alot...

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• XML/XSL nub: Is it possible to create an COMPOSITE XML/XSLT document?

  - by jmweekes

  I have just recently (like 2 days) started using XSLT documents with XML. I understand the basics and am able to generate a formatted document using an .XML document that references a separate .XSLT document. My question, as in the subject, is "Is it possible to create a SINGLE, composite document that contains both the XML data and XSLT processing/formatting/styling and displays as formatted HTML?" I am writing a desktop application in which I need to generate a formatted document on the fly from XML stored in the database. I want to do this without creating or referencing any actual physical files. I will generate a text string containing the XML/XSLT document and feed this to a WebBrowser component for formatted display. Hopefully what I want to do doesn't totally go against the whole XML/XSLT methodology. Any information, direction or suggestions will be greatly appreciated.

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• Convert "minutes since midnight" to time (convert to NSDate?)

  - by Canada Dev

  I am getting some open/closed times as integers since midnight. For example: "1140" = 19:00 (or 7 pm if you will) or; "570" = 9:30 (or 9.30 am) I can easily get the time in European format, just by doing doing a simple calculation and formatting: [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%d:00", (T / 60)] However, this doesn't work for half hours, such as "570 minutes since midnight". Also, I run into problems if I want to include a bit of localization, because some people may prefer AM/PM times. Does NSDate include a method for easily implementing times using the above? Or can anyone tell me how I would at least convert a time like "570 minutes since midnight" to 9:30 properly. Right now it obviously won't write the :30 part. Thank you

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• Standardize word macro usage within the team

  - by user138010

  Hi, I have a team of 10 persons who work on word documents, they format them as per our defined guidlines. To complete the work fast we have created a macro that has been updated on all the machines. This macro corrects the font, size and formatting. How can I ensure and implement that nobody can change/replace or delete this macro from their system? In case this happens I should get an alert. Can something be done at the system or programme level? Thanks, PK

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• Struct containing a Map in a Map? (C++/STL)

  - by karok

  I was wondering if it was possible to create a struct containing a number of variables and a map in a map. What I have at the moment: typedef std::map<std::string,double> lawVariables; struct ObjectCustomData { std::string objectType; bool global_lock; std::map<std::string, lawVariables> lawData; }; This struct is then passed on to another function as a single data block for that object. The structure setup is as follows: Each object has a data block that contains: its ObjectType, a bool for a lock, and a varying number of "laws" that could look like this: law1 -> var_a = 39.3; -> var_g = 8.1; law8 -> var_r = 83.1; -> var_y = 913.3; -> var_a = 9.81; Firstly, I'm unsure whether I should be using a Map within a Map and secondly even if this would be valid, I'm unsure how to fill it with data and how to recall it afterwards. I looked at maps because then I can search (on a name) if a certain object has a certain law, and if that law has certain variables. (sorry for the first messy post appearance, hope this is better :) )

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• Reading a directory

  - by paleman

  Hi, I'm trying to solve exercise from K&R, it's about reading directories.This task is system dependent because it uses system calls.In the book example authors say that their example is written for Version 7 and System V UNIX systems and that they used the directory information in the header < sys/dir.h,which looks like this: #ifndef DIRSIZ #define DIRSIZ 14 #endif struct direct { /* directory entry */ ino_t d_ino; /* inode number */ char d_name[DIRSIZ]; /* long name does not have '\0' */ }; On this system they use 'struct direct' combined with 'read' function to retrieve a directory entry, which consist of file name and inode number. ..... struct direct dirbuf; /* local directory structure */ while(read(dp->fd, (char *) &dirbuf, sizeof(dirbuf) == sizeof(dirbuf) { ..... } ..... I suppose this works fine on UNIX and Linux systems, but what I want to do is modify this so it works on Windows XP. Is there some structure in Windows like 'struct direct' so I can use it with 'read' function and if there is what is the header name where it is defined? Or maybe Windows requires completely different approach?

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• make it simpler and efficient

  - by gcc

  temp1=*tutar[1]; //i hold input in char *tutar[] if(temp1!='x'||temp1!='n') arrays[1]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays); //if second input is int a=0; n=i; for(i=1;i<n;++i) { temp1=*tutar[i]; if(temp1=='d') { ++i; j=atoi(tutar[i]); free(arrays[j]); continue; } if(temp1=='x') break; if(temp1=='n')//if it is n { a=0; ++j; arrays[j]=malloc(sizeof(int)*num_arrays);//create and allocate continue; } ++a; if(a>num_arrays) //resize the array arrays[j]=realloc(arrays[j],sizeof(int)*(num_arrays+a)); *(arrays[j]+a-1)=atoi(tutar[i]); printf("%d",arrays[1][1]); } arrays is pointer when you see x exit you see n create (old one is new array[a] new one is array[i+1]) you see d delete arrays[i] according to int after d first number is size of max arrays and where is the error in code input is composed from int and n d x i make a program -taking input(first input must be int) -according to input(there is comman in input like n or d or j , i fill array with number and use memory efficiently -j is jumb to array[x] ( x is int coming after j in input)

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• Failing to use Array.Copy() in my WPF App

  - by Steven Wilson

  I am a C++ developer and recently started working on WPF. Well I am using Array.Copy() in my app and looks like I am not able to completely get the desired result. I had done in my C++ app as follows: static const signed char version[40] = { 'A', 'U', 'D', 'I', 'E', 'N', 'C', 'E', // name 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , // reserved, firmware size 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , // board number 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , // variant, version, serial 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 , 0 // date code, reserved }; unsigned char sendBuf[256] = {}; int memloc = 0; sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; // fill in the audience header memcpy(sendBuf+memloc, version, 8); // the first 8 bytes memloc += 16; // the 8 copied, plus 8 reserved bytes I did the similar operation in my WPF (C#) app as follows: Byte[] sendBuf = new Byte[256]; char[] version = { 'A', 'U', 'D', 'I', 'E', 'N', 'C', 'E', // name '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' , // reserved, firmware size '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' , // board number '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' , // variant, version, serial '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0', '0' // date code, reserved }; // fill in the address to write to -- 0 sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; sendBuf[memloc++] = 0; // fill in the audience header Array.Copy(sendBuf + memloc, version, 8); // the first 8 bytes memloc += 16; But it throws me an error at Array.Copy(sendBuf + memloc, version, 8); as Operator '+' cannot be applied to operands of type 'byte[]' and 'int'. How can achieve this???? :) please help :)

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• mysqldb python escaping ? or %s?

  - by asldkncvas

  Dear Everyone, I am currently using mysqldb. What is the correct way to escape strings in mysqldb arguments? Note that E = lambda x: x.encode('utf-8') 1) so my connection is set with charset='utf8'. These are the errors I am getting for these arguments: w1, w2 = u'??', u'??' 1) self.cur.execute("SELECT dist FROM distance WHERE w1=? AND w2=?", (E(w1), E(w2))) ret = self.cur.execute("SELECT dist FROM distance WHERE w1=? AND w2=?", (E(w1), E(w2)) ) File "build/bdist.linux-i686/egg/MySQLdb/cursors.py", line 158, in execute TypeError: not all arguments converted during string formatting 2) self.cur.execute("SELECT dist FROM distance WHERE w1=%s AND w2=%s", (E(w1), E(w2))) This works fine, but when w1 or w2 has \ inside, then the escaping obviously failed. I personally know that %s is not a good method to pass in arguemnts due to injection attacks etc.

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• What is the Oracle Utilities Application Framework?

  - by Anthony Shorten

  The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is a reusable, scalable and flexible java based framework which allows other products to be built, configured and implemented in a standard way. Note: Even though the Framework is built in java it can be integrated with COBOL based extensions for backward compatibility. When Oracle Utilities Customer Care & Billing was migrated from V1 to V2, it was decided that the technical aspects of that product be separated to allow for reuse and independence from technical issues. The idea was that all the technical aspects would be concentrated in this separate product (i.e. a framework) and allow all products using the framework to concentrate on delivering superior functionality. The product was named the Oracle Utilities Application Framework (oufw is the product code). The technical components are contained in the Oracle Utilities Application Framework which can be summarized as follows: Metadata - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for defining and using the metadata to define the runtime behavior of the product. All the metadata definition and management is contained within the Oracle Utilities Application Framework. UI Management - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for defining and rendering the pages and responsible for ensuring the pages are in the appropriate format for the locale. Integration - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for providing the integration points to the architecture. Refer to the Oracle Utilities Application Framework Integration Overview for more details Tools - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework provides a common set of facilities and tools that can be used across all products. Technology - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework is responsible for all technology standards compliance, platform support and integration. There are a number of products from the Tax and Utilities Global Business Unit as well as from the Financial Services Global Business Unit that are built upon the Oracle Utilities Application Framework. These products require the Oracle Utilities Application Framework to be installed first and then the product itself installed onto the framework to complete the installation process. There are a number of key benefits that the Oracle Utilities Application Framework provides to these products: Common facilities - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework provides a standard set of technical facilities that mean that products can concentrate in the unique aspects of their markets rather than making technical decisions. Common methods of configuration - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework standardizes the technical configuration process for a product. Customers can effectively reuse the configuration process across products. Multi-lingual and Multi-platform - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework allows the products to be offered in more markets and across multiple platforms for maximized flexibility. Common methods of implementation - The Oracle Utilities Application Framework standardizes the technical aspects of a product implementation. Customers can effectively reuse the technical implementation process across products. Quicker adoption of new technologies - As new technologies and standards are identified as being important for the product line, they can be integrated centrally benefiting multiple products. Cross product reuse - As enhancements to the Oracle Utilities Application Framework are identified by a particular product, all products can potentially benefit from the enhancement. Note: Use of the Oracle Utilities Application Framework does not preclude the introduction of product specific technologies or facilities to satisfy market needs. The framework minimizes the need and assists in the quick integration of a new product specific piece of technology (if necessary). The Framework is not available as a product itself and is bundled with Tax and Utilities Global Business Unit prodicts. At the present time the following products are on the Framework: Oracle Utilities Customer Care And Billing (V2 and above) Oracle Enterprise Taxation Management (V2 and above) Oracle Utilities Business Intelligence (V2 and above) Oracle Utilities Mobile Workforice Management (V2 and above)

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• Add New Features to WMP with Windows Media Player Plus

  - by DigitalGeekery

  Do you use Windows Media Player 11 or 12 as your default media player? Today, we’re going to show you how to add some handy new features and enhancements with the Windows Media Player Plus third party plug-in. Installation and Setup Download and install Media Player Plus! (link below). You’ll need to close out of Windows Media Player before you begin or you’ll receive the message below. The next time you open Media Player you’ll be presented with the Media Player Plus settings window. Some of the settings will be enabled by default, such as the Find as you type feature. Using Media Player Plus! Find as you type allows you to start typing a search term from anywhere in Media Player without having to be in the Search box. The search term will automatically fill in the search box and display the results.   You’ll also see Disable group headers in the Library Pane.   This setting will display library items in a continuous list similar to the functionality of Windows Media Player 10. Under User Interface you can enable displaying the currently playing artist and title in the title bar. This is enabled by default.   The Context Menu page allows you to enable context menu enhancements. The File menu enhancement allows you to add the Windows Context menu to Media Player on the library pane, list pane, or both. Right click on a Title, select File, and you’ll see the Windows Context Menu. Right-click on a title and select Tag Editor Plus. Tag Editor Plus allows you to quickly edit media tags.   The Advanced tab displays a number of tags that Media Player usually doesn’t show. Only the tags with the notepad and pencil icon are editable.   The Restore Plug-ins page allows you to configure which plug-ins should be automatically restored after a Media Player crash. The Restore Media at Startup page allows you to configure Media Player to resume playing the last playlist, track, and even whether it was playing or paused at the time the application was closed. So, if you close out in the middle of a song, it will begin playing from that point the next time you open Media Player. You can also set Media Player to rewind a certain number of seconds from where you left off. This is especially useful if you are in the middle of watching a movie. There’s also the option to have your currently playing song sent to Windows Live Messenger. You can access the settings at any time by going to Tools, Plug-in properties, and selecting Windows Media Player Plus. Windows Media Plus is a nice little free plug-in for WMP 11 and 12 that brings a lot of additional functionality to Windows Media Player. If you use Media Player 11 or WMP 12 in Windows 7 as your main player, you might want to give this a try. Download Windows Media Player Plus! Similar Articles Productive Geek Tips Install and Use the VLC Media Player on Ubuntu LinuxFixing When Windows Media Player Library Won’t Let You Add FilesMake VLC Player Look like Windows Media Player 10Make VLC Player Look like Windows Media Player 11Make Windows Media Player Automatically Open in Mini Player Mode TouchFreeze Alternative in AutoHotkey The Icy Undertow Desktop Windows Home Server – Backup to LAN The Clear & Clean Desktop Use This Bookmarklet to Easily Get Albums Use AutoHotkey to Assign a Hotkey to a Specific Window Latest Software Reviews Tinyhacker Random Tips Xobni Plus for Outlook All My Movies 5.9 CloudBerry Online Backup 1.5 for Windows Home Server Snagit 10 Easily Create More Bookmark Toolbars in Firefox Filevo is a Cool File Hosting & Sharing Site Get a free copy of WinUtilities Pro 2010 World Cup Schedule Boot Snooze – Reboot and then Standby or Hibernate Customize Everything Related to Dates, Times, Currency and Measurement in Windows 7

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• A basic T4 template for generating Model Metadata in ASP.NET MVC2

  - by rajbk

  I have been learning about T4 templates recently by looking at the awesome ADO.NET POCO entity generator. By using the POCO entity generator template as a base, I created a T4 template which generates metadata classes for a given Entity Data Model. This speeds coding by reducing the amount of typing required when creating view specific model and its metadata. To use this template, Download the template provided at the bottom. Set two values in the template file. The first one should point to the EDM you wish to generate metadata for. The second is used to suffix the namespace and classes that get generated. string inputFile = @"Northwind.edmx"; string suffix = "AutoMetadata"; Add the template to your MVC 2 Visual Studio 2010 project. Once you add it, a number of classes will get added to your project based on the number of entities you have.    One of these classes is shown below. Note that the DisplayName, Required and StringLength attributes have been added by the t4 template. //------------------------------------------------------------------------------ // <auto-generated> // This code was generated from a template. // // Changes to this file may cause incorrect behavior and will be lost if // the code is regenerated. // </auto-generated> //------------------------------------------------------------------------------   using System; using System.ComponentModel; using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;   namespace NorthwindSales.ModelsAutoMetadata { public partial class CustomerAutoMetadata { [DisplayName("Customer ID")] [Required] [StringLength(5)] public string CustomerID { get; set; } [DisplayName("Company Name")] [Required] [StringLength(40)] public string CompanyName { get; set; } [DisplayName("Contact Name")] [StringLength(30)] public string ContactName { get; set; } [DisplayName("Contact Title")] [StringLength(30)] public string ContactTitle { get; set; } [DisplayName("Address")] [StringLength(60)] public string Address { get; set; } [DisplayName("City")] [StringLength(15)] public string City { get; set; } [DisplayName("Region")] [StringLength(15)] public string Region { get; set; } [DisplayName("Postal Code")] [StringLength(10)] public string PostalCode { get; set; } [DisplayName("Country")] [StringLength(15)] public string Country { get; set; } [DisplayName("Phone")] [StringLength(24)] public string Phone { get; set; } [DisplayName("Fax")] [StringLength(24)] public string Fax { get; set; } } } The gen’d class can be used from your project by creating a partial class with the entity name and setting the MetadataType attribute.namespace MyProject.Models{ [MetadataType(typeof(CustomerAutoMetadata))] public partial class Customer { }} You can also copy the code in the metadata class generated and create your own ViewModel class. Note that the template is super basic  and does not take into account complex properties. I have tested it with the Northwind database. This is a work in progress. Feel free to modify the template to suite your requirements. Standard disclaimer follows: Use At Your Own Risk, Works on my machine running VS 2010 RTM/ASP.NET MVC 2 AutoMetaData.zip Mr. Incredible: Of course I have a secret identity. I don't know a single superhero who doesn't. Who wants the pressure of being super all the time?

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• How to install SharePoint Server 2013 Preview

  - by ybbest

  The Office 2013 and SharePoint Server 2013 Preview is announced yesterday and as a SharePoint Developer, I am really excited to learn all the new features and capabilities. Today I will show you how to install the preview. 1. Create a service account called SP2013Install and give this account Dbcreator and SecurityAdmin in SQL Server 2012 2. You need to run the following script to set the ‘maxdegree of parellism’ setting to the required value of 1 in SQL Server 2012(using sysadmin privilege) before configure the SharePoint Farm. Otherwise , you might get the error ‘This SQL Server Instance does not have the required maxdegree of parellism setting of 1’ sp_configure 'show advanced options', 1; GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE; GO sp_configure 'max degree of parallelism', 1; GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE; GO 3. Download the SharePoint preview from here and I am going to install it on Windows Server 2008R2 with SQL2012. 4. Click the Install software prerequisites, this works fine with the internet connection. (However, if you do not have internet connection, it is a bit tricky to install window azure AppFabric as it has to be installed using the prerequisite installer. Your computer might reboot a few times in the process.) 5.After the prerequisites are installed `completely, you can then install the Preview. Click the Install SharePoint Server and Enter the Product key you get from the Preview download page. 6. Accept the License terms and Click Next. 7. Leave the default path for the file location. 8. You can now start the installation process 9. After binary files are installed, you then can configure your farm using the farm configuration wizard. 10.Specify the Database server and the install account 11. Specify SharePoint farm passphrase. 12 Specify the port number , you should choose your own favorite port number. 13. Choose Create a New Server Farm and click next. 14. Double-check with the settings and click Next to Configure the farm install. 15. Finally, your farm is configured successfully and you now are able to go to your Central Admin site http://sp2010:6666/ 16. You should configure the services manually or automate using PowerShell (If you like to understand why,you can read the blog post here) ,however I will use the wizard to configure automatically here  as  this is a test machine. After the configuration is complete, you now be able to see your SharePoint Site. 17.To start the evaluate the Preview , you need to install Visual Studio 2012 RC , Microsoft Office Developer Tools for Visual Studio 2012,SharePoint 2013 Designer Preview , Office 2013 Preview. References: Download SharePoint2013 Server 2013 Download Microsoft Visio Professional 2013 Preview Install SharePoint 2013 Preview Hardware and software requirements for SharePoint 2013 Preview SharePoint 2013 IT Pro and Developer training materials released Plan for SharePoint 2013 Preview Microsoft Office Developer Tools for Visual Studio 2012 SharePoint 2013 Preview Office365 for the SharePoint 2013 preview SharePoint Designer 2013 Download: Microsoft Office 2013 Preview Language Pack Try Office

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• SQL SERVER – Reducing CXPACKET Wait Stats for High Transactional Database

  - by pinaldave

  While engaging in a performance tuning consultation for a client, a situation occurred where they were facing a lot of CXPACKET Waits Stats. The client asked me if I could help them reduce this huge number of wait stats. I usually receive this kind of request from other client as well, but the important thing to understand is whether this question has any merits or benefits, or not. Before we continue the resolution, let us understand what CXPACKET Wait Stats are. The official definition suggests that CXPACKET Wait Stats occurs when trying to synchronize the query processor exchange iterator. You may consider lowering the degree of parallelism if a conflict concerning this wait type develops into a problem. (from BOL) In simpler words, when a parallel operation is created for SQL Query, there are multiple threads for a single query. Each query deals with a different set of the data (or rows). Due to some reasons, one or more of the threads lag behind, creating the CXPACKET Wait Stat. Threads which came first have to wait for the slower thread to finish. The Wait by a specific completed thread is called CXPACKET Wait Stat. Note that CXPACKET Wait is done by completed thread and not the one which are unfinished. “Note that not all the CXPACKET wait types are bad. You might experience a case when it totally makes sense. There might also be cases when this is also unavoidable. If you remove this particular wait type for any query, then that query may run slower because the parallel operations are disabled for the query.” Now let us see what the best practices to reduce the CXPACKET Wait Stats are. The suggestions, with which you will find that if you search online through the browser, would play a major role as and might be asked about their jobs In addition, might tell you that you should set ‘maximum degree of parallelism’ to 1. I do agree with these suggestions, too; however, I think this is not the final resolutions. As soon as you set your entire query to run on single CPU, you will get a very bad performance from the queries which are actually performing okay when using parallelism. The best suggestion to this is that you set ‘the maximum degree of parallelism’ to a lower number or 1 (be very careful with this – it can create more problems) but tune the queries which can be benefited from multiple CPU’s. You can use query hint OPTION (MAXDOP 0) to run the server to use parallelism. Here is the two-quick script which helps to resolve these issues: Change MAXDOP at Server Level EXEC sys.sp_configure N'max degree of parallelism', N'1' GO RECONFIGURE WITH OVERRIDE GO Run Query with all the CPU (using parallelism) USE AdventureWorks GO SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail ORDER BY ProductID OPTION (MAXDOP 0) GO Below is the blog post which will help you to find all the parallel query in your server. SQL SERVER – Find Queries using Parallelism from Cached Plan Please note running Queries in single CPU may worsen your performance and it is not recommended at all. Infect this can be very bad advise. I strongly suggest that you identify the queries which are offending and tune them instead of following any other suggestions. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Optimization, SQL Performance, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL White Papers, SQLAuthority News, T SQL, Technology

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• “Query cost (relative to the batch)” <> Query cost relative to batch

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  OK, so that is quite a contradictory title, but unfortunately it is true that a common misconception is that the query with the highest percentage relative to batch is the worst performing.  Simply put, it is a lie, or more accurately we dont understand what these figures mean. Consider the two below simple queries: SELECT * FROM Person.BusinessEntity JOIN Person.BusinessEntityAddress ON Person.BusinessEntity.BusinessEntityID = Person.BusinessEntityAddress.BusinessEntityID go SELECT * FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID After executing these and looking at the plans, I see this : So, a 13% / 87% split ,  but 13% / 87% of WHAT ? CPU ? Duration ? Reads ? Writes ? or some magical weighted algorithm ?  In a Profiler trace of the two we can find the metrics we are interested in. CPU and duration are well out but what about reads (210 and 1935)? To save you doing the maths, though you are more than welcome to, that’s a 90.2% / 9.8% split.  Close, but no cigar. Lets try a different tact.  Looking at the execution plan the “Estimated Subtree cost” of query 1 is 0.29449 and query 2 its 1.96596.  Again to save you the maths that works out to 13.03% and 86.97%, round those and thats the figures we are after.  But, what is the worrying word there ? “Estimated”.  So these are not “actual”  execution costs,  but what’s the problem in comparing the estimated costs to derive a meaning of “Most Costly”.  Well, in the case of simple queries such as the above , probably not a lot.  In more complicated queries , a fair bit. By modifying the second query to also show the total number of lines on each order SELECT *,COUNT(*) OVER (PARTITION BY Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID) FROM Sales.SalesOrderDetail JOIN Sales.SalesOrderHeader ON Sales.SalesOrderDetail.SalesOrderID = Sales.SalesOrderHeader.SalesOrderID The split in percentages is now 6% / 94% and the profiler metrics are : Even more of a discrepancy. Estimates can be out with actuals for a whole host of reasons,  scalar UDF’s are a particular bug bear of mine and in-fact the cost of a udf call is entirely hidden inside the execution plan.  It always estimates to 0 (well, a very small number). Take for instance the following udf Create Function dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(@CustomerId integer) returns money as begin Declare @Sum money Select @Sum= SUM(SalesOrderHeader.TotalDue) from Sales.SalesOrderHeader where CustomerID = @CustomerId return @Sum end If we have two statements , one that fires the udf and another that doesn't: Select CustomerID from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID go Select CustomerID,dbo.udfSumSalesForCustomer(Customer.CustomerID) from Sales.Customer order by CustomerID The costs relative to batch is a 50/50 split, but the has to be an actual cost of firing the udf. Indeed profiler shows us : No where even remotely near 50/50!!!! Moving forward to window framing functionality in SQL Server 2012 the optimizer sees ROWS and RANGE ( see here for their functional differences) as the same ‘cost’ too SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid RANGE unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail go SELECT SalesOrderDetailID,SalesOrderId, SUM(LineTotal) OVER(PARTITION BY salesorderid ORDER BY Salesorderdetailid Rows unbounded preceding) from Sales.SalesOrderdetail By now it wont be a great display to show you the Profiler trace reads a *tiny* bit different. So moral of the story, Percentage relative to batch can give a rough ‘finger in the air’ measurement, but dont rely on it as fact.

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• Silverlight Cream for April 29, 2010 -- #851

  - by Dave Campbell

  In this Issue: Carlos Figueira(-2-), Subodh Pushpak, Gergely Orosz, John Papa, Mike Snow(-2-), Rishi, Tim Heuer, Stefan Olson, and David Anson. Shoutouts: Josh Holmes blogged about a cool app the City of Miami has up: Miami 311: Built on Windows Azure Gergely Orosz reports on the state of a bug he found pre SL4: Silverlight 4 still displays large elements incorrectly Laura Foy and Charlie Kindel discuss WP7 on Channel 9: Windows Phone 7 Developer Tools Refresh Announced Charlie Kindel has an announcement, good instructions, and what's new notes on the Windows Phone Developer Tools CTP Refresh! Tim Heuer mentioned the workaround for this in his post (below), but I thought you might like to read Brandon Watson's debrief of what it's all about: Signed Assemblies Bug in the Windows Phone Tools CTP Refresh Laurent Bugnion posted about interrelations between versions of Blend and WP7 code... read it closely: Be careful when installing the Blend Windows Phone 7 Add-In From SilverlightCream.com: Consuming REST/POX services in Silverlight 4 Carlos Figueira has a pair of posts up about consuming services in Silverlight 4. This first one is about consuming REST/POX services. He provides a Service Contract that can be used with either and the full project code is available as well. Consuming REST/JSON services in Silverlight 4 In the second post, Carlos Figueira provides the code to allow WCF and Silverlight 4 to consume strongly-typed REST/JSON... and again, all the code is available. Silverlight and WCF caching Subodh Pushpak has a post up discussing caching in WCF, and has code demonstrating turning caching on at run-time. Detecting Silverlight Version Installed Gergely Orosz said it right when he said "Detecting the Silverlight version installed on a client machine isn’t entirely straightforward." ... and after reading this post, if you take the link to his ScottLogic blog, you'll get a full break-out of how it's done. Silverlight TV 22: Tim Heuer on Extending the SMF It's Thursday, and that means Silverlight TV! ... this week, John Papa has on Tim Heuer who has always been out there pushing media... and he's talking about SMF or Silverlight Media Framework for the uninitiated, and also extending it. Silverlight Tip of the Day #7 – Localized Resources Mike Snow has Tip Number 7 up and it's about localization... good end-to-end discussion and demonstration. Just thought I should use that to prove to my daughter that the tatoo she had put on the back of her neck actually reads "Eat More Broccoli" :) Silverlight Tip of the Day #8 – Detecting Alt, Shift, Control, Window & Apple Keys Combinations I just realized Mike Snow's site logo reads "Silverlight Tips of the Day" (bolding mine) ... that answers why I'm seeing more than one -- sorry Mike, couldn't pass it up :) ... Mike's second tip today and number 8 in the series is on detecting all the mouse button and ctl/alt/shift combinations in Silverlight. nRoute: More Wholesomeness, with SL 4 and .NET 4.0 Rishi has a post up announcing a new nRoute release for Silverlight 4 and .NET 4.0 He's tweaked the code to take advantages of enhancements in the new platforms, so check it out. Windows Phone 7 Developer Tools April 2010 Refresh Booya... Tim Heuer announced the release of the next drop in the WP7 tools ... dang wish I was at home today :) ... be sure to read the post for info such as the notes about Authenticode Assemblies and the release notes. Updates to Silverlight Multi-binding support Stefan Olson points up a SL4 change to Multi-binding support that he had previously blogged about. He shows the previous non-working example, and what you have to do to make it work now. Using XAML to create a custom wallpaper image for your mobile device David Anson has a solution for those pesky lost devices, and let me go on the record right now saying if anyone finds a WP7 phone laying around, just call me, it's mine :) [think that'd work??] ... ok, David's solution is a WPF app "MobileDeviceHomeScreenMaker" that you get the info set and it produces a png you then put on your device. But seriously about that lost phone... Stay in the 'Light! Twitter SilverlightNews | Twitter WynApse | WynApse.com | Tagged Posts | SilverlightCream Join me @ SilverlightCream | Phoenix Silverlight User Group Technorati Tags: Silverlight    Silverlight 3    Silverlight 4    Windows Phone MIX10

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• Don’t miss this very popular presentation on Punchout in iProcurement on June 26th 2012

  - by user793553

  Don’t miss this very popular presentation on Punchout in iProcurement on June 26th.  See Doc ID 1448447.1 for the Webcast details. ADVISOR WEBCAST: Punchout in iProcurement PRODUCT FAMILY: EBZs- Procurement   June 26, 2012 at 14:00 UK / 15:00 Cairo / 6:00 am Pacific / 7:00 am Mountain / 9:00 am Eastern This one-hour session is recommended for technical and functional users who are maintaining and/or implementing the Punchout from iProcurement. The session will provide an overview of the different Punchout model, setup, and the Punchout to PO xml/cxml cycle. Also, it will provide tips in troubleshooting the common issues when new supplier is added to Punchout or the existing one stops working. TOPICS WILL INCLUDE: Overview of the Punchout Models. Provide the knowledge in the Punchout to PO Process cycle. Demo - Punchout. Certificates and setup. Learn the common issues and how to address in an efficient way. (Documentation and Notes) A short, live demonstration (only if applicable) and question and answer period will be included. Oracle Advisor Webcasts are dedicated to building your awareness around our products and services. This session does not replace offerings from Oracle Global Support Services. Current Schedule can be found on Note 740966.1 Post Presentation Recordings can be found on Note 740964.1 WebEx Conference Details Topic: Advisor Webcast - Punchout in iProcuremen Date and Time: Tuesday, June 26, 2012 3:00 pm, Egypt Time (Cairo, GMT+02:00) Tuesday, June 26, 2012 2:00 pm, GMT Summer Time (London, GMT+01:00) Tuesday, June 26, 2012 9:00 am, Eastern Daylight Time (New York, GMT-04:00) Tuesday, June 26, 2012 7:00 am, Mountain Daylight Time (Denver, GMT-06:00) Event number: 597 373 155 -------------------------------------------------------  To register for this meeting  -------------------------------------------------------  1. Event address for attendees: https://oracleaw.webex.com/oracleaw/onstage/g.php?d=597373155&t=a 2. Register for the meeting.  Once the host approves your request, you will receive a confirmation email with instructions for joining the meeting. InterCall Audio Instructions A list of Toll-Free Numbers can be found below. VOICESTREAMING IS AVAILABLE teleconference ID: 70528713 UK standard International:+44 1452 562 665 US Free Call: 1866 230 1938 US Local call: 1845 608 8023 Global Toll-Free Numbers MOS doc#:  https://metalink3.oracle.com/od/faces/secure/km/DocumentDisplay.jspx?id=1148600.1 Designation Number Argentina Free Call 0800 444 1009 Australia Free Call 1800 763 650 Austria Free Call 0800 111 956 Austria Local Call 0192 865 72 Belgium Free Call 0800 724 46 Belgium Local Call 0817 000 60 Brazil Free Call 0800 761 0835 Bulgaria Free Call 0080 011 511 76 Canada Free Call 1866 984 6577 Columbia Free Call 0180 091 562 17 Croatia Free Call 0800 222 305 Cyprus Free Call 8009 6341 Czech Republic Free Call 8007 007 95 Denmark Free Call 8088 8467 Denmark Local Call 3272 7506 Finland Free Call 0800 112 398 Finland Local Call 0923 114 014 France Free Call 0805 110 463 France Local Call 0359 580 290 Germany Free Call 0800 101 4918 Germany Local Call 0692 222 161 19 Greece Free Call 0080 012 8135 Hong Kong Free Call 8009 661 55 Hungary Free Call 0680 018 839 Hungary Local Call 0180 889 97 India Free Call 0008 001 006 600 Ireland Free Call 1800 300 170 Ireland Local Call 0143 198 35 Israel Free Call 1809 431 440 Italy Free Call 8007 840 87 Italy Local Call 0236 009 700 Japan Free Call 0066 338 124 31 Latvia Free Call 8000 3680 Luxembourg Free Call 8002 7941 Malaysia Free Call 1800 814 528 Mexico Free Call 0018 666 864 905 Monaco Free Call 8009 3655 Netherlands Free Call 0800 949 4596 Netherlands Local Call 0207 168 000 New Zealand Free Call 0800 451 190 North China Free Call 1080 074 413 29 Norway Free Call 8001 8057 Norway Local Call 2151 0847 Poland Free Call 0080 012 135 73 Portugal Free Call 8007 894 20 Romania Free Call 0800 895 558 Russia Free Call 8108 002 385 2044 Slovenia Free Call 0800 804 55 South Africa Free Call 0800 982 794 South China Free Call 1080 044 111 82 South Korea Free Call 0079 814 800 7887 Spain Free Call 9009 389 85 Spain Local Call 9111 421 10 Sweden Free Call 0200 214 344 Sweden Local Call 0850 596 375 Switzerland Free Call 0800 835 040 Switzerland Local Call 0445 804 280 Thailand Free Call 0018 004 421 98 UK Free Call 0800 073 1830 UK Local Call 0844 871 9364 UK National Call 0871 700 0309 UK Standard International +44 (0) 1452 562 665 USA Free Call 1866 230 1938   Back to the top   Copyright? 2010, Oracle. All rights reserved. Contact Us | Legal Notices and Terms of Use | Privacy Statement

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• SQL SERVER – SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD – Wait Type – Day 8 of 28

  - by pinaldave

  This is a very interesting wait type and quite often seen as one of the top wait types. Let us discuss this today. From Book On-Line: Occurs when a task voluntarily yields the scheduler for other tasks to execute. During this wait the task is waiting for its quantum to be renewed. SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD Explanation: SQL Server has multiple threads, and the basic working methodology for SQL Server is that SQL Server does not let any “runnable” thread to starve. Now let us assume SQL Server OS is very busy running threads on all the scheduler. There are always new threads coming up which are ready to run (in other words, runnable). Thread management of the SQL Server is decided by SQL Server and not the operating system. SQL Server runs on non-preemptive mode most of the time, meaning the threads are co-operative and can let other threads to run from time to time by yielding itself. When any thread yields itself for another thread, it creates this wait. If there are more threads, it clearly indicates that the CPU is under pressure. You can fun the following DMV to see how many runnable task counts there are in your system. SELECT scheduler_id, current_tasks_count, runnable_tasks_count, work_queue_count, pending_disk_io_count FROM sys.dm_os_schedulers WHERE scheduler_id < 255 GO If you notice a two-digit number in runnable_tasks_count continuously for long time (not once in a while), you will know that there is CPU pressure. The two-digit number is usually considered as a bad thing; you can read the description of the above DMV over here. Additionally, there are several other counters (%Processor Time and other processor related counters), through which you can refer to so you can validate CPU pressure along with the method explained above. Reducing SOS_SCHEDULER_YIELD wait: This is the trickiest part of this procedure. As discussed, this particular wait type relates to CPU pressure. Increasing more CPU is the solution in simple terms; however, it is not easy to implement this solution. There are other things that you can consider when this wait type is very high. Here is the query where you can find the most expensive query related to CPU from the cache Note: The query that used lots of resources but is not cached will not be caught here. SELECT SUBSTRING(qt.TEXT, (qs.statement_start_offset/2)+1, ((CASE qs.statement_end_offset WHEN -1 THEN DATALENGTH(qt.TEXT) ELSE qs.statement_end_offset END - qs.statement_start_offset)/2)+1), qs.execution_count, qs.total_logical_reads, qs.last_logical_reads, qs.total_logical_writes, qs.last_logical_writes, qs.total_worker_time, qs.last_worker_time, qs.total_elapsed_time/1000000 total_elapsed_time_in_S, qs.last_elapsed_time/1000000 last_elapsed_time_in_S, qs.last_execution_time, qp.query_plan FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats qs CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_sql_text(qs.sql_handle) qt CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle) qp ORDER BY qs.total_worker_time DESC -- CPU time You can find the most expensive queries that are utilizing lots of CPU (from the cache) and you can tune them accordingly. Moreover, you can find the longest running query and attempt to tune them if there is any processor offending code. Additionally, pay attention to total_worker_time because if that is also consistently higher, then  the CPU under too much pressure. You can also check perfmon counters of compilations as they tend to use good amount of CPU. Index rebuild is also a CPU intensive process but we should consider that main cause for this query because that is indeed needed on high transactions OLTP system utilized to reduce fragmentations. Note: The information presented here is from my experience and there is no way that I claim it to be accurate. I suggest reading Book OnLine for further clarification. All of the discussions of Wait Stats in this blog is generic and varies from system to system. It is recommended that you test this on a development server before implementing it to a production server. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.SQLAuthority.com) Filed under: Pinal Dave, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Scripts, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, SQL Wait Stats, SQL Wait Types, T SQL, Technology

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• Principles of Big Data By Jules J Berman, O&rsquo;Reilly Media Book Review

  - by Compudicted

  Originally posted on: http://geekswithblogs.net/Compudicted/archive/2013/11/04/principles-of-big-data-by-jules-j-berman-orsquoreilly-media.aspx A fantastic book! Must be part, if not yet, of the fundamentals of the Big Data as a field of science. Highly recommend to those who are into the Big Data practice. Yet, I confess this book is one of my best reads this year and for a number of reasons: The book is full of wisdom, intimate insight, historical facts and real life examples to how Big Data projects get conceived, operate and sadly, yes, sometimes die. But not only that, the book is most importantly is filled with valuable advice, accurate and even overwhelming amount of reference (from the positive side), and the author does not event stop there: there are numerous technical excerpts, links and examples allowing to quickly accomplish many daunting tasks or make you aware of what one needs to perform as a data practitioner (excuse my use of the word practitioner, I just did not find a better substitute to it to trying to reference all who face Big Data). Be aware that Jules Berman’s background is in medicine, naturally, this book discusses this subject a lot as it is very dear to the author’s heart I believe, this does not make this book any less significant however, quite the opposite, I trust if there is an area in science or practice where the biggest benefits can be ripped from Big Data projects it is indeed the medical science, let’s make Cancer history! On a personal note, for me as a database, BI professional it has helped to understand better the motives behind Big Data initiatives, their underwater rivers and high altitude winds that divert or propel them forward. Additionally, I was impressed by the depth and number of mining algorithms covered in it. I must tell this made me very curious and tempting to find out more about these indispensable attributes of Big Data so sure I will be trying stretching my wallet to acquire several books that go more in depth on several most popular of them. My favorite parts of the book, well, all of them actually, but especially chapter 9: Analysis, it is just very close to my heart. But the real reason is it let me see what I do with data from a different angle. And then the next - “Special Considerations”, they are just two logical parts. The writing language is of this book is very acceptable for all levels, I had no technical problem reading it in ebook format on my 8” tablet or a large screen monitor. If I would be asked to say at least something negative I have to state I had a feeling initially that the book’s first part reads like an academic material relaxing the reader as the book progresses forward. I admit I am impressed with Jules’ abilities to use several programming languages and OSS tools, bravo! And I agree, it is not too, too hard to grasp at least the principals of a modern programming language, which seems becomes a defacto knowledge standard item for any modern human being. So grab a copy of this book, read it end to end and make yourself shielded from making mistakes at any stage of your Big Data initiative, by the way this book also helps build better future Big Data projects. Disclaimer: I received a free electronic copy of this book as part of the O'Reilly Blogger Program.

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• Challenge 19 – An Explanation of a Query

  - by Dave Ballantyne

  I have received a number of requests for an explanation of my winning query of TSQL Challenge 19. This involved traversing a hierarchy of employees and rolling a count of orders from subordinates up to superiors. The first concept I shall address is the hierarchyId , which is constructed within the CTE called cteTree.   cteTree is a recursive cte that will expand the parent-child hierarchy of the personnel in the table @emp.  One useful feature with a recursive cte is that data can be ‘passed’ from the parent to the child data.  The hierarchyId column is similar to the hierarchyId data type that was introduced in SQL Server 2008 and represents the position of the person within the organisation. Let us start with a simplistic example Albert manages Bob and Eddie.  Bob manages Carl and Dave. The hierarchyId will represent each person’s position in this relationship in a single field.  In this simple example we could append the userID together into a varchar field as detailed below. This will enable us to select a branch of the tree by filtering using Where hierarchyId  ‘1,2%’ to select Bob and all his subordinates.  Naturally, this is not comprehensive enough to provide a full solution, but as opposed to concatenating the Id’s together into a varchar datatyped column, we can apply the same theory to a varbinary.  By CASTing the ID’s into a datatype of varbinary(4) ,4 is used as 4 bytes of data are used to store an integer and building a hierarchyId  from those.  For example: The important point to bear in mind for later in the query is that the binary data generated is 'byte order comparable'. ie We can ORDER a dataset with it and the resulting data, will be in the order required. Now, would probably be a good time to download the example file and, after the cte ‘cteTree’, uncomment the line ‘select * from cteTree’.  Mark this and all prior code and execute.  This will show you how this theory directly relates to the actual challenge data.  The only deviation from the above, is that instead of using the ID of an employee, I have used the row_number() ranking function to order each level by LastName,Firstname.  This enables me to order by the HierarchyId in the final result set so that the result set is in the required order. Your output should be something like the below.  Notice also the ‘Level’ Column that contains the depth that the employee is within the tree.  I would encourage you to ‘play’ with the query, change the order in the row_number() or the length of the cast in the hierarchyId to see how that effects the outcome.  The next cte, ‘cteTreeWithOrderCount’, is a join between cteTree and the @ord table, and COUNT’s the number of orders per employee.  A LEFT JOIN is employed here to account for the occasion where an employee has made no sales.   Executing a ‘Select * from cteTreeWithOrderCount’ will return the result set as below.  The order here is unimportant as this is only a staging point of the data and only the final result set in a cte chain needs an Order by clause, unless TOP is utilised. cteExplode joins the above result set to the tally table (Nums) for Level Occurances.  So, if level is 2 then 2 rows are required.  This is done to expand the dataset, to create a new column (PathInc), which is the (n+1) integers contained within the heirarchyid.  For example, with the data for Robert King as given above, the below 3 rows will be returned. From this you can see that the pathinc column now contains the values for Andrew Fuller and Steven Buchanan who are Robert King’s superiors within the tree.    Finally cteSumUp, sums the orders for each person and their subordinates using the PathInc generated above, and the final select does the final simple mathematics and filters to restrict the result set to only the ‘original’ row per employee.

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