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• Compiling a program with a legacy version of gcc

  - by wyatt

  This is probably a very difficult problem to troubleshoot with the information I can practically provide, but I'm hoping someone might be able to at least point me in a possible direction. I'm trying to install HTK (http://htk.eng.cam.ac.uk/), which, according to this page needs to be installed using gcc 3.4. Their method of implementing backwards compatibility: #yum install compat-gcc-34-c++ compat-gcc-34 won't work for me as I'm running Ubuntu (On that note, I take it I can't simply install YUM and the subsequent package, since it's an entirely different distro, but if I'm wrong I'd love to hear it). I instead installed two versions of gcc 3.4 - 3.4.0 and 3.4.6 using instructions from this site. I then added the lines suggested by that page to the top of the makefile (on this note, what's the difference between makefile and makefile.in? I tried adding the lines to the top of both files regardless), both for version 3.4.0 and 3.4.6, but both failed. I also tried, on the off-chance, compiling it with my current version (4.4.1), but that also failed. I got the errors: (cd HTKLib && make HTKLib.a) \ || case "" in k) fail=yes;; ) exit 1;; esac; make1: Entering directory /home/charles/bin/htk-3.4/HTKLib' gcc -ansi -D_SVID_SOURCE -DOSS_AUDIO -D'ARCH="i686"' -Wall -Wno-switch -g -O2 -I. -c -o HGraf.o HGraf.c HGraf.c:73:77: error: X11/Xlib.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:74:23: error: X11/Xutil.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:75:21: error: X11/Xos.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:77:27: error: X11/keysymdef.h: No such file or directory HGraf.c:87: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c:88: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘rootW’ HGraf.c:91: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘theCmap’ HGraf.c:92: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘theGC’ HGraf.c:93: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘gcs’ HGraf.c:95: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c:96: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘report’ HGraf.c:97: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘hints’ HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXcopy’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXor’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXxor’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:111: error: ‘GXinvert’ undeclared here (not in a function) HGraf.c:151: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘InstallFonts’: HGraf.c:164: error: ‘FontInfo’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:164: error: (Each undeclared identifier is reported only once HGraf.c:164: error: for each function it appears in.) HGraf.c:164: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XLoadQueryFont’ HGraf.c:164: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:167: error: ‘DefaultFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: At top level: HGraf.c:176: error: expected ‘)’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘HGetEvent’: HGraf.c:219: error: ‘XEvent’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:219: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘xev’ HGraf.c:223: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFlush’ HGraf.c:223: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:225: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XEventsQueued’ HGraf.c:225: error: ‘QueuedAfterFlush’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:226: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XNextEvent’ HGraf.c:226: error: ‘xev’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:228: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:230: error: ‘ButtonPress’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:235: error: ‘ButtonRelease’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:240: error: ‘MotionNotify’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:245: error: ‘KeyPress’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:249: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DecodeKeyPress’ HGraf.c:251: error: ‘KeyRelease’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:257: error: ‘Expose’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HEventsPending’: HGraf.c:281: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:281: error: ‘QueuedAfterFlush’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HMousePos’: HGraf.c:288: error: ‘Window’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:288: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘root’ HGraf.c:293: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XQueryPointer’ HGraf.c:293: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:293: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:293: error: ‘root’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:293: error: ‘child’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘InstallColours’: HGraf.c:311: error: ‘XColor’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:311: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘greyDef’ HGraf.c:317: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XParseColor’ HGraf.c:317: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:317: error: ‘theCmap’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:317: error: ‘colourDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:320: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XAllocColor’ HGraf.c:334: error: ‘whiteDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:334: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XQueryColor’ HGraf.c:335: error: ‘blackDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:341: error: ‘greyDef’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetColour’: HGraf.c:361: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetForeground’ HGraf.c:361: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:361: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetGrey’: HGraf.c:370: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:370: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawLines’: HGraf.c:388: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawLines’ HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: ‘XPoint’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:388: error: expected expression before ‘)’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawRectangle’: HGraf.c:395: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawRectangle’ HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:395: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillRectangle’: HGraf.c:402: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillRectangle’ HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:402: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawLine’: HGraf.c:408: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawLine’ HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:408: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillPolygon’: HGraf.c:414: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillPolygon’ HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: ‘XPoint’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:414: error: expected expression before ‘)’ token HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawArc’: HGraf.c:427: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawArc’ HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:427: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFillArc’: HGraf.c:440: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XFillArc’ HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:440: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HPrintf’: HGraf.c:451: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDrawString’ HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:451: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HCopyArea’: HGraf.c:457: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCopyArea’ HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:457: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HPlotVector’: HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:476: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetFontSize’: HGraf.c:490: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:490: error: ‘DefaultFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:499: error: ‘FontInfo’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:502: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetFont’ HGraf.c:502: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:502: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetLineWidth’: HGraf.c:511: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetLineAttributes’ HGraf.c:511: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘LineSolid’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘JoinRound’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:511: error: ‘FillSolid’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HSetXMode’: HGraf.c:517: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:517: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘CentreX’: HGraf.c:523: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XTextWidth’ HGraf.c:523: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘CentreY’: HGraf.c:529: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HTextWidth’: HGraf.c:535: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HTextHeight’: HGraf.c:541: error: ‘CurrentFont’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HDrawImage’: HGraf.c:550: error: expected ‘=’, ‘,’, ‘;’, ‘asm’ or ‘__attribute__’ before ‘*’ token HGraf.c:550: error: ‘xi’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:557: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDestroyImage’ HGraf.c:558: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XGetImage’ HGraf.c:558: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:558: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:558: error: ‘AllPlanes’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:558: error: ‘XYPixmap’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:562: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XPutPixel’ HGraf.c:564: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XPutImage’ HGraf.c:564: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘HFlush’: HGraf.c:570: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘InitGCs’: HGraf.c:780: error: ‘XGCValues’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:780: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘values’ HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCLineWidth’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCFunction’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:783: error: ‘GCForeground’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:785: error: ‘values’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:788: error: ‘gcs’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:788: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCreateGC’ HGraf.c:788: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:788: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:790: error: ‘GCPlaneMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘InitGlobals’: HGraf.c:800: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultScreen’ HGraf.c:800: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:801: error: ‘theCmap’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:801: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultColormap’ HGraf.c:802: error: ‘rootW’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:802: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘RootWindow’ HGraf.c:803: error: ‘theGC’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:803: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultGC’ HGraf.c:804: error: ‘theVisual’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:804: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DefaultVisual’ HGraf.c:805: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayCells’ HGraf.c:806: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayWidth’ HGraf.c:807: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayHeight’ HGraf.c:808: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘DisplayPlanes’ HGraf.c:809: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘WhitePixel’ HGraf.c:810: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘BlackPixel’ HGraf.c: In function ‘MakeXGraf’: HGraf.c:817: error: ‘Window’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:817: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘window’ HGraf.c:818: error: ‘XSetWindowAttributes’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:818: error: expected ‘;’ before ‘setwinattr’ HGraf.c:823: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:823: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XOpenDisplay’ HGraf.c:824: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XDisplayName’ HGraf.c:828: error: ‘parent’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:829: error: ‘window’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:829: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCreateSimpleWindow’ HGraf.c:831: error: ‘CWBackingStore’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:831: error: ‘setwinattr’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:831: error: ‘WhenMapped’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:832: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XChangeWindowAttributes’ HGraf.c:834: error: ‘hints’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PPosition’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PSize’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PMaxSize’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:834: error: ‘PMinSize’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:841: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSetStandardProperties’ HGraf.c:841: error: ‘None’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:843: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSelectInput’ HGraf.c:843: error: ‘ExposureMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:843: error: ‘KeyPressMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:843: error: ‘ButtonPressMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:844: error: ‘ButtonReleaseMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:844: error: ‘PointerMotionHintMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:844: error: ‘PointerMotionMask’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:845: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XMapWindow’ HGraf.c:845: error: ‘theWindow’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:850: error: ‘report’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:851: error: ‘Expose’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:852: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XSendEvent’ HGraf.c:852: error: ‘False’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c: In function ‘TermHGraf’: HGraf.c:861: error: ‘theDisp’ undeclared (first use in this function) HGraf.c:862: warning: implicit declaration of function ‘XCloseDisplay’ make[1]: *** [HGraf.o] Error 1 make[1]: Leaving directory/home/charles/bin/htk-3.4/HTKLib' make: ** [HTKLib/HTKLib.a] Error 1 Thank you for any help you can provide.

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• When is a SQL function not a function?

  - by Rob Farley

  Should SQL Server even have functions? (Oh yeah – this is a T-SQL Tuesday post, hosted this month by Brad Schulz) Functions serve an important part of programming, in almost any language. A function is a piece of code that is designed to return something, as opposed to a piece of code which isn’t designed to return anything (which is known as a procedure). SQL Server is no different. You can call stored procedures, even from within other stored procedures, and you can call functions and use these in other queries. Stored procedures might query something, and therefore ‘return data’, but a function in SQL is considered to have the type of the thing returned, and can be used accordingly in queries. Consider the internal GETDATE() function. SELECT GETDATE(), SomeDatetimeColumn FROM dbo.SomeTable; There’s no logical difference between the field that is being returned by the function and the field that’s being returned by the table column. Both are the datetime field – if you didn’t have inside knowledge, you wouldn’t necessarily be able to tell which was which. And so as developers, we find ourselves wanting to create functions that return all kinds of things – functions which look up values based on codes, functions which do string manipulation, and so on. But it’s rubbish. Ok, it’s not all rubbish, but it mostly is. And this isn’t even considering the SARGability impact. It’s far more significant than that. (When I say the SARGability aspect, I mean “because you’re unlikely to have an index on the result of some function that’s applied to a column, so try to invert the function and query the column in an unchanged manner”) I’m going to consider the three main types of user-defined functions in SQL Server: Scalar Inline Table-Valued Multi-statement Table-Valued I could also look at user-defined CLR functions, including aggregate functions, but not today. I figure that most people don’t tend to get around to doing CLR functions, and I’m going to focus on the T-SQL-based user-defined functions. Most people split these types of function up into two types. So do I. Except that most people pick them based on ‘scalar or table-valued’. I’d rather go with ‘inline or not’. If it’s not inline, it’s rubbish. It really is. Let’s start by considering the two kinds of table-valued function, and compare them. These functions are going to return the sales for a particular salesperson in a particular year, from the AdventureWorks database. CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_inline(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS TABLE AS  RETURN (     SELECT e.LoginID as EmployeeLogin, o.OrderDate, o.SalesOrderID     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101') ) ; GO CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_multi(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS @results TABLE (     EmployeeLogin nvarchar(512),     OrderDate datetime,     SalesOrderID int     ) AS BEGIN     INSERT @results (EmployeeLogin, OrderDate, SalesOrderID)     SELECT e.LoginID, o.OrderDate, o.SalesOrderID     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101')     ;     RETURN END ; GO You’ll notice that I’m being nice and responsible with the use of the DATEADD function, so that I have SARGability on the OrderDate filter. Regular readers will be hoping I’ll show what’s going on in the execution plans here. Here I’ve run two SELECT * queries with the “Show Actual Execution Plan” option turned on. Notice that the ‘Query cost’ of the multi-statement version is just 2% of the ‘Batch cost’. But also notice there’s trickery going on. And it’s nothing to do with that extra index that I have on the OrderDate column. Trickery. Look at it – clearly, the first plan is showing us what’s going on inside the function, but the second one isn’t. The second one is blindly running the function, and then scanning the results. There’s a Sequence operator which is calling the TVF operator, and then calling a Table Scan to get the results of that function for the SELECT operator. But surely it still has to do all the work that the first one is doing... To see what’s actually going on, let’s look at the Estimated plan. Now, we see the same plans (almost) that we saw in the Actuals, but we have an extra one – the one that was used for the TVF. Here’s where we see the inner workings of it. You’ll probably recognise the right-hand side of the TVF’s plan as looking very similar to the first plan – but it’s now being called by a stack of other operators, including an INSERT statement to be able to populate the table variable that the multi-statement TVF requires. And the cost of the TVF is 57% of the batch! But it gets worse. Let’s consider what happens if we don’t need all the columns. We’ll leave out the EmployeeLogin column. Here, we see that the inline function call has been simplified down. It doesn’t need the Employee table. The join is redundant and has been eliminated from the plan, making it even cheaper. But the multi-statement plan runs the whole thing as before, only removing the extra column when the Table Scan is performed. A multi-statement function is a lot more powerful than an inline one. An inline function can only be the result of a single sub-query. It’s essentially the same as a parameterised view, because views demonstrate this same behaviour of extracting the definition of the view and using it in the outer query. A multi-statement function is clearly more powerful because it can contain far more complex logic. But a multi-statement function isn’t really a function at all. It’s a stored procedure. It’s wrapped up like a function, but behaves like a stored procedure. It would be completely unreasonable to expect that a stored procedure could be simplified down to recognise that not all the columns might be needed, but yet this is part of the pain associated with this procedural function situation. The biggest clue that a multi-statement function is more like a stored procedure than a function is the “BEGIN” and “END” statements that surround the code. If you try to create a multi-statement function without these statements, you’ll get an error – they are very much required. When I used to present on this kind of thing, I even used to call it “The Dangers of BEGIN and END”, and yes, I’ve written about this type of thing before in a similarly-named post over at my old blog. Now how about scalar functions... Suppose we wanted a scalar function to return the count of these. CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_scalar(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS int AS BEGIN     RETURN (         SELECT COUNT(*)         FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o         LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e         ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID         WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid         AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')         AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101')     ); END ; GO Notice the evil words? They’re required. Try to remove them, you just get an error. That’s right – any scalar function is procedural, despite the fact that you wrap up a sub-query inside that RETURN statement. It’s as ugly as anything. Hopefully this will change in future versions. Let’s have a look at how this is reflected in an execution plan. Here’s a query, its Actual plan, and its Estimated plan: SELECT e.LoginID, y.year, dbo.FetchSales_scalar(p.SalesPersonID, y.year) AS NumSales FROM (VALUES (2001),(2002),(2003),(2004)) AS y (year) CROSS JOIN Sales.SalesPerson AS p LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e ON e.EmployeeID = p.SalesPersonID; We see here that the cost of the scalar function is about twice that of the outer query. Nicely, the query optimizer has worked out that it doesn’t need the Employee table, but that’s a bit of a red herring here. There’s actually something way more significant going on. If I look at the properties of that UDF operator, it tells me that the Estimated Subtree Cost is 0.337999. If I just run the query SELECT dbo.FetchSales_scalar(281,2003); we see that the UDF cost is still unchanged. You see, this 0.0337999 is the cost of running the scalar function ONCE. But when we ran that query with the CROSS JOIN in it, we returned quite a few rows. 68 in fact. Could’ve been a lot more, if we’d had more salespeople or more years. And so we come to the biggest problem. This procedure (I don’t want to call it a function) is getting called 68 times – each one between twice as expensive as the outer query. And because it’s calling it in a separate context, there is even more overhead that I haven’t considered here. The cheek of it, to say that the Compute Scalar operator here costs 0%! I know a number of IT projects that could’ve used that kind of costing method, but that’s another story that I’m not going to go into here. Let’s look at a better way. Suppose our scalar function had been implemented as an inline one. Then it could have been expanded out like a sub-query. It could’ve run something like this: SELECT e.LoginID, y.year, (SELECT COUNT(*)     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = p.SalesPersonID     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,y.year-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,y.year-2000+1,'20000101')     ) AS NumSales FROM (VALUES (2001),(2002),(2003),(2004)) AS y (year) CROSS JOIN Sales.SalesPerson AS p LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e ON e.EmployeeID = p.SalesPersonID; Don’t worry too much about the Scan of the SalesOrderHeader underneath a Nested Loop. If you remember from plenty of other posts on the matter, execution plans don’t push the data through. That Scan only runs once. The Index Spool sucks the data out of it and populates a structure that is used to feed the Stream Aggregate. The Index Spool operator gets called 68 times, but the Scan only once (the Number of Executions property demonstrates this). Here, the Query Optimizer has a full picture of what’s being asked, and can make the appropriate decision about how it accesses the data. It can simplify it down properly. To get this kind of behaviour from a function, we need it to be inline. But without inline scalar functions, we need to make our function be table-valued. Luckily, that’s ok. CREATE FUNCTION dbo.FetchSales_inline2(@salespersonid int, @orderyear int) RETURNS table AS RETURN (SELECT COUNT(*) as NumSales     FROM Sales.SalesOrderHeader AS o     LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e     ON e.EmployeeID = o.SalesPersonID     WHERE o.SalesPersonID = @salespersonid     AND o.OrderDate >= DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000,'20000101')     AND o.OrderDate < DATEADD(year,@orderyear-2000+1,'20000101') ); GO But we can’t use this as a scalar. Instead, we need to use it with the APPLY operator. SELECT e.LoginID, y.year, n.NumSales FROM (VALUES (2001),(2002),(2003),(2004)) AS y (year) CROSS JOIN Sales.SalesPerson AS p LEFT JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e ON e.EmployeeID = p.SalesPersonID OUTER APPLY dbo.FetchSales_inline2(p.SalesPersonID, y.year) AS n; And now, we get the plan that we want for this query. All we’ve done is tell the function that it’s returning a table instead of a single value, and removed the BEGIN and END statements. We’ve had to name the column being returned, but what we’ve gained is an actual inline simplifiable function. And if we wanted it to return multiple columns, it could do that too. I really consider this function to be superior to the scalar function in every way. It does need to be handled differently in the outer query, but in many ways it’s a more elegant method there too. The function calls can be put amongst the FROM clause, where they can then be used in the WHERE or GROUP BY clauses without fear of calling the function multiple times (another horrible side effect of functions). So please. If you see BEGIN and END in a function, remember it’s not really a function, it’s a procedure. And then fix it. @rob_farley

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• Multiple PHP versions running as cgi

  - by Pierre

  I'm trying to install a second version of PHP, to run alongside the current version of php. I've compiled the latest php source from github (5.5-DEV), and I'm trying to run it as CGI. Here is my virtual host config: <VirtualHost *:8055> DocumentRoot /Library/WebServer/Documents/ ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/local/php55/cgi Action php55-cgi /cgi-bin/php-cgi AddHandler php55-cgi .php <Directory /Library/WebServer/Documents/> Options Indexes FollowSymLinks Includes ExecCGI AllowOverride All Order Allow,Deny Allow from all </Directory> DirectoryIndex index.html index.php </VirtualHost> But when I go to http://127.0.0.1:8055/info.php, I get the following error: Forbidden You don't have permission to access /cgi-bin/php-cgi/info.php on this server Edit I'm now switching between LoadModule php5_module /usr/local/php54/libphp5.so and LoadModule php5_module /usr/local/php55/libphp5.so It works for now, but is not ideal. I would like to have the different versions of php on different virtual hosts

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• Setup secure shared hosting (Apache, PHP, MySQL)

  - by Apaz

  So I'm setting up a shared hosting with Apache, PHP, MySQL and the biggest question mark is how to do with PHP, since there is a million options out there how to configure it securely. The plan is: Chroot for MySQL (built in support for chroot) Chroot for Apache (mod_security) Each user executing their PHP-scripts as their own user (see below) Set open_basedir Disable all "evil" php-functions (allow_url_fopen, system, exec, and so on) Ive looked at suexec and suphp but they seems very slow; http://blog.stuartherbert.com/php/2007/12/18/using-suexec-to-secure-a-shared-server/ http://blog.stuartherbert.com/php/2008/01/18/using-suphp-to-secure-a-shared-server/ So I've looked some more and found some other solutions: apache2-mpm-itk + mod_php(?) mod_fcgid + php-fpm mod_fastcgi + php-fpm Ive tried a simple setup with mod_fastcgi + php-fpm and it seems to work, runs as correct user and so on, but the protection against directory traveling is still open_basedir(?) One solution for that could be to use php-fpm's chroot option, but that causes a lot of other issues like domain name resolver does not work sending mail does not work Tips?

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• PHP 5.3 on IIS gives 404 error in CGI mode

  - by reinier

  Slowly losing my mind here. I had PHP 5.2 working fine (ISAPI) under IIS, but for some extension I needed 5.3. So no worries, I installed this but it turns out ISAPI is not supplied anymore. I followed the install tutorials for fastcgi and ended up with a 500 internal server error for every PHP page served. So my current situation is: I have fastcgi removed. In my websites I have added PHP (head, get, post) and routed them to c:\php\php-cgi.exe. Result: every PHP page I try (even the ones with just text) gives 404 not found error. Any HTML file I put in the same folder, serves without a hitch. Who can help me please... How hard can something like this be right? For me apparently very hard. Extra information: ran the installer as suggested below. Set it to use fastcgi. my fcgiext.ini file looks like this now: [types] php=c:\php\php-cgi.exe [c:\php\php-cgi.exe] exepath=c:\php\php-cgi.exe from the command-line a 3 line PHP file with just phpinfo(); works fine from the server the same PHP file with just phpinfo(); results in the internal server 500 error. from the server a PHP file with just text works fine when changing the document types in IIS management console and point the PHP extension directly to c:\php\php-cgi.exe results in 404 for every PHP file the php.ini is the php.ini.production file which came in the distribution. No edits were made. Setting the IIS PHP handler directly to PHP (not via fastcgi) c:\php\php-cgi.exe results in the following: display a PHP page with only text....works fine display a page with only phpinfo(); results in 404 not found

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• CentOS 6 LEMP update - dependency error issue

  - by Latheesan Kanes

  I have setup a LEMP server following the guide Install Nginx/PHP-FPM on Fedora 20/19, CentOS/RHEL 6.5/5.10. It's been a while since I did the setup, so I wanted to grab the latest updates from REMI repository. I ran the following command: yum --enablerepo=remi,remi-php55 update I now get these dependency related errors: # yum --enablerepo=remi update Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * epel: mirror.1000mbps.com * extras: mirror.nl.leaseweb.net * remi: remi.schlundtech.de * updates: centos.mirror1.spango.com Setting up Update Process Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package chkconfig.x86_64 0:1.3.49.3-2.el6 will be updated ---> Package chkconfig.x86_64 0:1.3.49.3-2.el6_4.1 will be an update ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.4 will be updated ---> Package glibc.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.5 will be an update ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.4 will be updated ---> Package glibc-common.x86_64 0:2.12-1.107.el6_4.5 will be an update ---> Package gnupg2.x86_64 0:2.0.14-4.el6 will be updated ---> Package gnupg2.x86_64 0:2.0.14-6.el6_4 will be an update ---> Package iputils.x86_64 0:20071127-17.el6_4 will be updated ---> Package iputils.x86_64 0:20071127-17.el6_4.2 will be an update ---> Package kernel.x86_64 0:2.6.32-358.23.2.el6 will be installed ---> Package kernel-firmware.noarch 0:2.6.32-358.18.1.el6 will be updated ---> Package kernel-firmware.noarch 0:2.6.32-358.23.2.el6 will be an update ---> Package libgcrypt.x86_64 0:1.4.5-9.el6_2.2 will be updated ---> Package libgcrypt.x86_64 0:1.4.5-11.el6_4 will be an update ---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.1.69-1.el6_4 will be updated --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16()(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libmysqlclient.so.16(libmysqlclient_16)(64bit) for package: 2:postfix-2.6.6-2.2.el6_1.x86_64 ---> Package mysql-libs.x86_64 0:5.5.34-1.el6.remi will be an update ---> Package nginx.x86_64 0:1.4.2-1.el6.ngx will be updated ---> Package nginx.x86_64 0:1.4.3-1.el6.ngx will be an update ---> Package php-pear.noarch 1:1.9.4-20.el6.remi will be updated ---> Package php-pear.noarch 1:1.9.4-23.el6.remi will be an update ---> Package php-pecl-jsonc.x86_64 0:1.3.2-1.el6.remi.1 will be updated ---> Package php-pecl-jsonc.x86_64 0:1.3.2-2.el6.remi will be an update --> Processing Dependency: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.2-2.el6.remi.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.2-2.el6.remi.x86_64 ---> Package php-pecl-mongo.x86_64 0:1.4.3-1.el6.remi.1 will be updated ---> Package php-pecl-mongo.x86_64 0:1.4.4-1.el6.remi will be an update --> Processing Dependency: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-mongo-1.4.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-mongo-1.4.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 ---> Package php-pecl-sqlite.x86_64 0:2.0.0-0.3.svn313074.el6.remi.5 will be updated ---> Package php-pecl-sqlite.x86_64 0:2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4 will be an update --> Processing Dependency: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-sqlite-2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-sqlite-2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4.x86_64 ---> Package postgresql-libs.x86_64 0:8.4.13-1.el6_3 will be updated ---> Package postgresql-libs.x86_64 0:8.4.18-1.el6_4 will be an update ---> Package remi-release.noarch 0:6-2.el6.remi will be updated ---> Package remi-release.noarch 0:6.4-1.el6.remi will be an update ---> Package rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-9.el6 will be updated ---> Package rsync.x86_64 0:3.0.6-9.el6_4.1 will be an update ---> Package selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.7.19-195.el6_4.12 will be updated ---> Package selinux-policy.noarch 0:3.7.19-195.el6_4.18 will be an update ---> Package selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.7.19-195.el6_4.12 will be updated ---> Package selinux-policy-targeted.noarch 0:3.7.19-195.el6_4.18 will be an update ---> Package setup.noarch 0:2.8.14-20.el6 will be updated ---> Package setup.noarch 0:2.8.14-20.el6_4.1 will be an update ---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2013c-2.el6 will be updated ---> Package tzdata.noarch 0:2013g-1.el6 will be an update ---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.14-38.el6 will be updated ---> Package xinetd.x86_64 2:2.3.14-39.el6_4 will be an update --> Running transaction check ---> Package compat-mysql51.x86_64 0:5.1.54-1.el6.remi will be installed ---> Package php-pecl-jsonc.x86_64 0:1.3.2-2.el6.remi will be an update --> Processing Dependency: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.2-2.el6.remi.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.2-2.el6.remi.x86_64 ---> Package php-pecl-mongo.x86_64 0:1.4.4-1.el6.remi will be an update --> Processing Dependency: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-mongo-1.4.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-mongo-1.4.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 ---> Package php-pecl-sqlite.x86_64 0:2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4 will be an update --> Processing Dependency: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-sqlite-2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 for package: php-pecl-sqlite-2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4.x86_64 --> Finished Dependency Resolution Error: Package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.2-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) Requires: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Installed: php-common-5.5.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (@remi-test) php(zend-abi) = 20121212-64 Available: php-common-5.3.3-22.el6.x86_64 (base) php(zend-abi) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.3.3-23.el6_4.x86_64 (updates) php(zend-abi) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.4.21-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Available: php-common-5.4.21-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Error: Package: php-pecl-mongo-1.4.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) Requires: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Installed: php-common-5.5.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (@remi-test) php(zend-abi) = 20121212-64 Available: php-common-5.3.3-22.el6.x86_64 (base) php(zend-abi) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.3.3-23.el6_4.x86_64 (updates) php(zend-abi) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.4.21-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Available: php-common-5.4.21-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Error: Package: php-pecl-jsonc-1.3.2-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) Requires: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Installed: php-common-5.5.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (@remi-test) php(api) = 20121113-64 Available: php-common-5.3.3-22.el6.x86_64 (base) php(api) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.3.3-23.el6_4.x86_64 (updates) php(api) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.4.21-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Available: php-common-5.4.21-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Error: Package: php-pecl-sqlite-2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4.x86_64 (remi) Requires: php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Installed: php-common-5.5.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (@remi-test) php(zend-abi) = 20121212-64 Available: php-common-5.3.3-22.el6.x86_64 (base) php(zend-abi) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.3.3-23.el6_4.x86_64 (updates) php(zend-abi) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.4.21-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Available: php-common-5.4.21-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(zend-abi) = 20100525-x86-64 Error: Package: php-pecl-mongo-1.4.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) Requires: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Installed: php-common-5.5.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (@remi-test) php(api) = 20121113-64 Available: php-common-5.3.3-22.el6.x86_64 (base) php(api) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.3.3-23.el6_4.x86_64 (updates) php(api) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.4.21-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Available: php-common-5.4.21-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Error: Package: php-pecl-sqlite-2.0.0-0.4.svn332053.el6.remi.5.4.x86_64 (remi) Requires: php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Installed: php-common-5.5.4-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (@remi-test) php(api) = 20121113-64 Available: php-common-5.3.3-22.el6.x86_64 (base) php(api) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.3.3-23.el6_4.x86_64 (updates) php(api) = 20090626 Available: php-common-5.4.21-1.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 Available: php-common-5.4.21-2.el6.remi.x86_64 (remi) php(api) = 20100412-x86-64 You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest Any idea how to solve these errors? Am I missing a package? or is this a bug?

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• PHP create_function, function without semicolon?

  - by Ozzy

  hi all, basically, what i want to know is, for the second parameter in the create_function function, is there anyway to pass a string without a semicolon? or will it not work. example: taken from php.net create_function('$a,$b', 'return "CRCs: " . crc32($a) . " , ".crc32(b);'), notice that there is a semicolon in the string. is there any possible way someone can enter a function without a semicolon that will still run/evaluate?

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• Getting PHP to work with apache to run .php files through browser [closed]

  - by Kevin Duke

  I have VPS running Debian 5.0 (I think) and I would like to get it to run PHP files. I was told it needed to be configured with Apache. I tried entering the command apt-get install apache2 php5 libapache2-mod-php5. But there was no change. Console output: http://pastebin.com/sVMWq6mA This is everything in my /etc/apache2/mods-enabled: http://img35.imageshack.us/img35/6474/modsb.jpg My webserver can be accessed here: http://206.217.223.136/test/ In my test.php file I have the code : <?php phpinfo(); ?> but instead of displaying the page, it tries to download it. How can I fix this?

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• Microsoft Drivers 3.0.1 for PHP for SQL Server with PHP 5.4 Support Released

  - by The Official Microsoft IIS Site

  Dear SQL Server Developer Community, As you know, two weeks ago, we released our 3.0 drivers along with SQL Server 2012 . It was around the same time that PHP 5.4 was also released to the web, and we have received many requests from our community members to support the new PHP runtime. It is my pleasure to announce that we have listened to you, and have updated our drivers to 3.0.1. The major feature added for this release is support for PHP 5.4, as well as some minor bug fixes. As always, you can...(read more)

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• MYSQL stored function - create function (function definition) problem using FORMAT

  - by Jason Fonseca

  Hi all, I keep receiving an error with the following code. I am trying to make a function that will format a field (content=0.0032) into a varchar/percent (content=0.32%). At the moment i'm just trying to get format to work, and it throws up an error "Error Code : 1064 You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near 'len);" The function definition for "Format" is "Format(X,d)" where x is the number and d is the number of decimal places to round too. It then should output a string ###,###,###.## etc. My code is as follows: DROP FUNCTION IF EXISTS percent; DELIMITER $$ CREATE /*[DEFINER = { user | CURRENT_USER }]*/ FUNCTION `auau7859_aba`.`percent`(num DOUBLE, len INT) RETURNS VARCHAR(10) DETERMINISTIC BEGIN RETURN FORMAT(num,len); END$$ DELIMITER ; Save me...Luke

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• Can overloading is possible with two version of function, constant member function and function with

  - by GG

  Hello, I just came across various overloading methods like type of parameter passed, varying number of parameters, return type etc. I just want to know that can I overload a function with following two version //function which can modify member String& MyClass::doSomething(); //constant member function String& MyClass::doSomething() const; Please let me know the reason behind it. Thanks, GG

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• How to debug solve 500 Internal error aws micro ec2 with suexec, Apache and php CGi

  - by Oudin

  I'm running WordPress multi-site on an amazon micro ec2 with suexec, Apache and php CGi On Ubuntu 12.04 However I've been experiencing a lot of Internal server 500 errors and I'm in the process of debugging it to find a solution. I've posted my error logs below example.com error.log: [Fri Oct 26 10:10:08 2012] [warn] [client 23.23.xxx.xx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server [Fri Oct 26 10:10:08 2012] [error] [client 23.23.xxx.xx] Premature end of script headers: wp-cron.php [Fri Oct 26 10:50:04 2012] [warn] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/ [Fri Oct 26 10:50:04 2012] [error] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] Premature end of script headers: admin.php, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/ [Fri Oct 26 10:58:14 2012] [warn] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/network/index.php [Fri Oct 26 10:58:15 2012] [error] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] Premature end of script headers: admin-ajax.php, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/network/index.php [Fri Oct 26 10:58:56 2012] [warn] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/network/index.php [Fri Oct 26 10:58:57 2012] [error] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] Premature end of script headers: plugins.php, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/network/index.php [Fri Oct 26 10:59:18 2012] [warn] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/network/index.php [Fri Oct 26 10:59:18 2012] [error] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] Premature end of script headers: admin-ajax.php, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/network/index.php [Fri Oct 26 11:01:49 2012] [warn] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: error reading data from FastCGI server, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/ [Fri Oct 26 11:01:49 2012] [warn] [client 190.213.xxx.xxx] (104)Connection reset by peer: mod_fcgid: ap_pass_brigade failed in handle_request_ipc function, referer: https://www.example.com/wp-admin/ Apache Log: php (pre-forking): Cannot allocate memory php (pre-forking): Cannot allocate memory Recipient names must be specified Recipient names must be specified php (pre-forking): Cannot allocate memory php (pre-forking): Cannot allocate memory php (pre-forking): Cannot allocate memory [Fri Oct 26 10:49:33 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: cleanup zombie process 2852 [Fri Oct 26 10:49:33 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: cleanup zombie process 2851 [Fri Oct 26 10:49:33 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: cleanup zombie process 2853 [Fri Oct 26 10:58:22 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 2892 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL php (pre-forking): Cannot allocate memory [Fri Oct 26 10:59:21 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 2894 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL [Fri Oct 26 10:59:25 2012] [warn] mod_fcgid: process 2866 graceful kill fail, sending SIGKILL suexec.log: [2012-10-25 16:05:36]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 18:09:38]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 18:09:51]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 18:14:03]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 18:14:06]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 18:14:35]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 20:20:27]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 20:20:29]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 20:20:31]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 21:42:12]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-25 22:56:50]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 02:34:43]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 04:25:07]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 06:35:19]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 06:40:05]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 07:22:45]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 10:10:05]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 10:49:24]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi [2012-10-26 10:49:24]: uid: (1002/username) gid: (1002/username) cmd: php-fcgi based on the logs can any determine what might be the cause of this? Thinking that it might be the micro instance I'm thinking of upgrading to a small. Any help would be greatly appreciated.

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• PHP execute command as subcommand

  - by Thomaschaaf

  I have the following 2 files and am executing them on linux (debian). File1.php <?php exec("php -f file2.php > /dev/null 2>&1 &"); sleep(100); File2.php <?php exec("sleep 30 > /dev/null 2>&1 &"); exec("sleep 30 > /dev/null 2>&1 &"); sleep(100); The way it currently is it first starts file1.php and fires up file2.php and immediatly begins the sleep commands. It does not wait for the first sleep to finish to continue. The problem is that the file2.php and sleep commands are not subcommands of file1.php and I can't simply kill it to kill all subcommands. My htop looks like this: http://dl.getdropbox.com/u/5910/Jing/2011-01-13_1611.png I am searching for a way to have the commands be subcommands of file1.php so that I can easily kill them all :) what I have: '- php -f file2.php '-sleep 30 '-sleep 30 '- php -f file1.php basically I want this: '- php -f file1.php '- php -f file2.php '-sleep 30 '-sleep 30

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• Need help trouble shooting high CPU usage by PHP-fpm

  - by user432506

  There is a problem that is driving me crazy. After the day I tried to fix the CPU usage problem of my VPS, the CPU load has grown from 60% to 150%, and I have no idea what causes the problem. Please help me. I had installed a copy of mediawiki on a Linode 1024. The wiki is running on Niginx + PHP-fpm + MySql. The wiki doesn't have much traffic, only around 4000 requests/day, mostly from Google and Bing bots. It had been using around 60% (of total 400% on the Linode) of the CPU before. I thought it was a bit high, so two day ago, I was trying to fix the problem (not knowing what was waiting for me). I did nothing but added a new empty line to wiki's configure file, which would change the modified time of the configure file, and then all the cached page files would be set invalidated. I had done that before, and that would cause high CPU usage, but normally it would take only hours to let things back to normal again. Not this time, my CPU usage has been around 150% for more than two days. It is php-fpm using most of CPU reassures. Using 100% of three cores is not rare. I hadn't seen that before. There are other sites on the Linode, but it should be the wiki. Because if I offline the wiki, CPU usage will drop back to around 40% soon. The day I also duplicated php-fpm.conf, and opened it, but didn't changed it. I have no idea what I did wrong. I here ask for help to save myself from being crazy!!! It is php-fpm. Is there a way to find out what is it doing? I mean like which scripts are related and what function codes are running? top: top - 06:34:33 up 10 days, 4:23, 2 users, load average: 1.10, 1.24, 1.37 Tasks: 76 total, 4 running, 72 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie Cpu(s): 61.1%us, 3.1%sy, 0.0%ni, 32.8%id, 2.9%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.1%st Mem: 1028684k total, 945192k used, 83492k free, 89580k buffers Swap: 524284k total, 18084k used, 506200k free, 530380k cached PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND 26721 www-data 20 0 208m 54m 34m R 99 5.4 0:09.07 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26592 www-data 20 0 207m 45m 26m R 91 4.5 0:12.77 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26706 www-data 20 0 196m 43m 34m S 47 4.3 0:15.19 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26583 www-data 20 0 197m 45m 35m S 33 4.5 0:19.08 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26787 www-data 20 0 206m 36m 18m R 25 3.7 0:00.41 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 26661 www-data 20 0 207m 46m 26m S 13 4.6 0:19.87 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 1971 mysql 20 0 155m 57m 3952 S 8 5.7 383:57.81 /usr/sbin/mysqld 242 root 20 0 0 0 0 S 1 0.0 0:51.36 [kworker/3:1] 5711 root 20 0 139m 95m 580 S 1 9.5 0:41.30 /usr/local/bin/memcached -d -u root -m 128 -p 11211 19463 root 20 0 190m 3984 1284 S 1 0.4 0:02.66 /opt/php5/sbin/php-fpm --fpm-config /opt/php5/etc/php-fpm.conf 29100 www-data 20 0 10928 5540 820 S 1 0.5 4:49.05 nginx: worker process vmstat 30 procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 16912 81456 90784 554172 0 0 4 6 3 2 11 1 87 1 0 0 16912 78036 91000 555356 0 0 38 34 1397 375 12 1 87 0 4 0 16912 31776 91528 557508 0 0 78 42 3197 487 45 1 52 1 1 0 16912 83356 91768 558576 0 0 35 56 2608 449 32 1 67 1 1 0 16912 81548 92040 559720 0 0 41 31 1243 432 8 1 91 1 2 0 16912 53056 92332 562744 0 0 105 33 2013 581 17 1 81 1 2 0 16912 73236 92552 564844 0 0 68 36 1968 615 16 1 82 1 0 0 16912 91612 92904 566676 0 0 69 35 1845 692 13 1 85 1 1 0 16912 71248 93180 568428 0 0 58 33 1952 604 15 1 82 1 1 0 16868 55952 93516 572660 1 0 144 42 1801 637 12 1 86 1 2 0 16868 48324 94416 577844 0 0 189 66 2058 702 17 1 80 2 1 0 16928 58644 94592 578184 0 2 160 49 2578 723 25 1 70 3 5 0 16928 22600 94980 580568 0 0 89 32 1496 361 13 0 85 1 0 0 16988 49256 94500 576396 0 2 41 37 1601 426 14 1 85 0 5 0 18084 24336 86032 502748 0 37 83 68 2989 562 42 1 56 0 1 0 18084 123604 86376 506996 0 0 118 41 2201 573 22 1 76 1 2 0 18084 126984 86752 508876 0 0 64 53 1620 490 13 1 85 1 2 0 18084 103104 87148 510768 0 0 71 37 2757 602 33 1 64 1

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• Creating Multiple Users on Single PHP-FPM Pool

  - by Vince Kronlein

  Have PHP-FPM/FastCGI up and running on my cPanel/WHM server but I'd like have it allow for multiple users off of a single pool. Getting all vhosts to run off a single pool is simple by adding this to the Apache include editor under Global Post Vhost: <IfModule mod_fastcgi.c> FastCGIExternalServer /usr/local/sbin/php-fpm -host 127.0.0.1:9000 AddHandler php-fastcgi .php Action php-fastcgi /usr/local/sbin/php-fpm.fcgi ScriptAlias /usr/local/spin/php-fpm.fcgi /usr/local/sbin/php-fpm <Directory /usr/local/sbin> Options ExecCGI FollowSymLinks SetHandler fastcgi-script Order allow,deny Allow from all </Directory> </IfModule> But I'd like to find a way to implement php running under the user, but sharing the pool. I manage and control all the domains that run under the pool so I'm not concerned about security of files per account, I just need to make sure all scripting can be executed by the user who owns the files, instead of needing to change file permissions for each account, or having to create tons of vhost include files.

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• where can I find the php.ini for php-cli

  - by Elzo Valugi

  It appears that the php command line is using a different php.ini from the main php interpreter. I am using Ubuntu 10.4. My problem is that in the main php.ini I have included an extra path for an external library, but in the cli version this is not present, and so I have a path inclusion error. thanks

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• PHP function similar to this JavaScript function

  - by Jude

  I need a similar function in PHP for this JavaScript function text = text.replace(/ffc/g, "Hello"); I think preg_replace will do, but i'm not sure how to write the expression..

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• php-fpm: very high server load

  - by Derp Derpington

  Since today my webserver (nginx + php-fpm + mysql on a VPS) is very slow. htop says: 1 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Tasks: 63 total, 13 running 2 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Load average: 11.67 10.95 6.95 3 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Uptime: 00:18:40 4 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] 5 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] 6 [|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||100.0%] Mem[||||||||||| 137/1280MB] Swp[ 0/0MB] PID USER PRI NI VIRT RES SHR S CPU% MEM% TIME+ Command 6802 www 20 0 76232 12320 5716 R 27.0 0.9 0:06.48 php-fpm: pool www 7048 www 20 0 75200 12136 5700 R 52.0 0.9 0:03.64 php-fpm: pool www 6699 www 20 0 74176 11124 5700 R 27.0 0.8 0:07.36 php-fpm: pool www 7029 www 20 0 73668 10380 5676 R 42.0 0.8 0:03.52 php-fpm: pool www 6995 www 20 0 76228 12456 5644 R 42.0 1.0 0:03.98 php-fpm: pool www 6858 www 20 0 74172 10684 5620 R 35.0 0.8 0:05.52 php-fpm: pool www 6998 www 20 0 75200 12072 5620 R 37.0 0.9 0:03.95 php-fpm: pool www 7098 www 20 0 75200 12052 5616 R 42.0 0.9 0:02.33 php-fpm: pool www 7093 www 20 0 76228 12496 5612 R 37.0 1.0 0:03.02 php-fpm: pool www 7226 www 20 0 74692 11080 5588 R 32.0 0.8 0:00.66 php-fpm: pool www CPU: (cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep model) model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz model : 44 model name : Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E5620 @ 2.40GHz I think a load of 10 and 100% cpu usage is not normal... How can i fix that?

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• "Unable to initialize module" warning after update PHP on CentOS 5.4

  - by ohho

  After upgrading PHP from 5.1x to 5.2.10, there are a lot of warning when php -v: [root@localhost ~]# php -v PHP Warning: PHP Startup: fileinfo: Unable to initialize module Module compiled with module API=20050922, debug=0, thread-safety=0 PHP compiled with module API=20060613, debug=0, thread-safety=0 These options need to match in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: mcrypt: Unable to initialize module Module compiled with module API=20050922, debug=0, thread-safety=0 PHP compiled with module API=20060613, debug=0, thread-safety=0 These options need to match in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: memcache: Unable to initialize module Module compiled with module API=20050922, debug=0, thread-safety=0 PHP compiled with module API=20060613, debug=0, thread-safety=0 These options need to match in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: mhash: Unable to initialize module Module compiled with module API=20050922, debug=0, thread-safety=0 PHP compiled with module API=20060613, debug=0, thread-safety=0 These options need to match in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: mssql: Unable to initialize module Module compiled with module API=20050922, debug=0, thread-safety=0 PHP compiled with module API=20060613, debug=0, thread-safety=0 These options need to match in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: readline: Unable to initialize module Module compiled with module API=20050922, debug=0, thread-safety=0 PHP compiled with module API=20060613, debug=0, thread-safety=0 These options need to match in Unknown on line 0 PHP Warning: PHP Startup: tidy: Unable to initialize module Module compiled with module API=20050922, debug=0, thread-safety=0 PHP compiled with module API=20060613, debug=0, thread-safety=0 These options need to match in Unknown on line 0 PHP 5.2.10 (cli) (built: Nov 13 2009 11:24:03) Copyright (c) 1997-2009 The PHP Group Zend Engine v2.2.0, Copyright (c) 1998-2009 Zend Technologies How can I fix that? Thanks!

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• Experience of some php projects.PHP PROJECT FLOW

  - by user106726

  I'm new to the terms PHP, JS, HTML..bt now I'm willing to apply for a php developer position in a company and before I face an interview I just want to make sure that I sound confident enough to take up the job.Could any one please help me with this.What are all the things I've to keep in mind before attending the interview? can anyone just share with me their project experiences so that I can tlk abt that? pls help me people

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• Using pointers in PHP.

  - by Babiker

  I ask this question because i learned that in programming and designing, you must have a good reason for decisions. I am php learner and i am at a crossroad here, i am using simple incrementation to try to get what im askin across. I am certainly not here to start a debate about the pros/cons of pointers but when it comes to php, which is the better programming practice: function increment(&$param) { $param++; } Or function increment($param){ return $param++; } $param = increment($param);

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• PHP 5.4 turn display_errors off php.ini

  - by Ethan H

  I need PHP errors not to be displayed but logged. I am using PHP 5.4 My current code to log errors in my php.ini is: log_errors = 1 error_log = "/path-to-file/error_log.txt" Which works however I am getting a 500 internal server error trying to turn error displaying off using display_errors. I have tried using the following, all returning 500 errors. display_errors = 0 display_errors = "0" display_errors = false display_errors = "false" display_errors = Off display_errors = "Off" According to the PHP documentation, as of PHP 5.4, it is a string. What am I suppose to set display_errors to to turn error displaying off?

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• How To Change What Version of PHP Apache2 Uses?

  - by nicorellius

  I just discovered that I am using the wrong version of PHP for a CRM application. Once I figured out how to make a simple phpinfo() script to tell me what Apache2 is using, I tried changing the php.ini such that my webserver would use the PHP I want. Well, this is my problem. Not sure how to do that. I compiled the version of PHP I want to /etc here: /etc/php-5.2.8/ Inside this, there was a php.ini-recommended file that I made some changes to and renamed to php.ini so PHP would use it. But when I opened my browser and cleared my history and went to the http://localhost<CRM dir>/install.php address, the wizard still says I'm not usign the correct version of PHP. Based on this post what do I have to do to change the version of PHP that shows up after I run my test.php script? In other words, phpinfo() says I'm running PHP 5.3.2, but I want to change it to my compiled 5.2.8 version located in /etc.

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• PHP/APC fatal error, apc_mmap: mmap failed

  - by Sudowned

  I'm seeing some intermittent CPU usage spikes to 100%, sort of correlated to these log entries: [27-Feb-2012 13:29:29] PHP Fatal error: PHP Startup: apc_mmap: mmap failed: in Unknown on line 0 [27-Feb-2012 13:29:30] PHP Fatal error: PHP Startup: apc_mmap: mmap failed: in Unknown on line 0 [27-Feb-2012 13:29:31] PHP Fatal error: PHP Startup: apc_mmap: mmap failed: in Unknown on line 0 [27-Feb-2012 13:29:31] PHP Fatal error: PHP Startup: apc_mmap: mmap failed: in Unknown on line 0 phpinfo() indicates that APC is set up, and as far as I can tell this error doesn't cause visible 500 errors on the live site, which is a WordPress install that gets about 600k views monthly. Google's been unhelpful so far, and I was hoping that someone here had some insight as to what's causing this and how to fix it. Curiously, this error only shows up /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log and not the error_log for the cpanel-configured site.

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• FFMpeg-PHP Installation Error

  - by tundoopani

  While installing FFmpeg-PHP, I got this interesting error: /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function 'zim_ffmpeg_movie_getAudioStreamId': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1051: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function 'zim_ffmpeg_movie_getAudioChannels': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1089: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function 'zim_ffmpeg_movie_getAudioSampleRate': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1125: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function 'zim_ffmpeg_movie_getAudioBitRate': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1161: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_AUDIO' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function 'zim_ffmpeg_movie_getVideoBitRate': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1181: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function '_php_read_av_frame': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1204: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1215: warning: implicit declaration of function 'avcodec_decode_video' /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1219: error: 'PKT_FLAG_KEY' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function '_php_get_av_frame': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1246: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO' undeclared (first use in this function) /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1282: error: 'AVCodecContext' has no member named 'hurry_up' /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1284: error: 'AVCodecContext' has no member named 'hurry_up' /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c: In function '_php_get_sample_aspect_ratio': /usr/downloads/ffmpeg-php-0.6.0/ffmpeg_movie.c:1443: error: 'CODEC_TYPE_VIDEO' undeclared (first use in this function) make: *** [ffmpeg_movie.lo] Error 1 When I ran php -r 'phpinfo();' | grep ffmpeg, I got this: PHP Warning: PHP Startup: Unable to load dynamic library '/usr/lib/php/modules/ffmpeg.so' - libavformat.so.52: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory in Unknown on line 0 Any idea how I can fix this? I am running on Centos. Thanks in advance :)

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