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• Can't access individual samba shares

  - by Richard Maddis

  I've just installed CentOS and I'm configuring Samba. I have a share with the following in the smb.conf file: [storage] comment = Main storage for all use path = /share public = yes browseable = yes writable = yes printable = no write list = bob root create mask = 0775 guest ok = yes available = yes In Windows Explorer, I can reach the page listing all the shares on the server, but I click on the shares themselves, I get an error saying that the folder cannot be found. I have verified that the folder /share exists and I've also given it 777 permissions so it cannot be due to permissions. What is causing this? I can post more config files if necessary.

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• Sendmail: external alias not receiving relayed mail under certain circumstances.

  - by ben

  I have set up an alias in /etc/mail/aliases like this: user: [email protected] This relay DOES work when I telnet to example.com 25 and send mail to [email protected] (where example.com is my domain); it indeed turns up in [email protected] inbox. Also mail sent from my server at example.com is generally deliverable to this same email address, [email protected]. HOWEVER, the relay DOES NOT work when I send mail from [email protected] to [email protected], expecting it to be relayed back to [email protected]. The mail.log shows it being received and sent just fine, so I guess it is being blocked by gmail for some reason. Why though? As I said, gmail generally does except mail from this server.

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• Removing partition to install OS?

  - by Shane

  So i have a computer that has 2 hard drives and i installed Ubuntu server on it. I used LVM to connect the two. So i tried to put windows back on it but it failed because it said it couldn't position the drive and then when i booted again the OS couldn't be found. So i booted it with the Ubuntu setup disc but now when it goes to partition it says that the position can not be modified because its already in use. I am asking if there is a way i can just remove everything and start fresh?

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• Multiple virtual VLAN interfaces on single NIC (Debian)

  - by RayQuang

  I'm trying to setup multiple virtual interfaces with VLAN's on a single NIC. I'm running Debian Squeeze. Currently this is my /etc/netowrk/interfaces auto eth0.10 iface eth0.10 inet dhcp This gives me a working connection, however I'm not sure how to configure several like these on a single NIC so I can use multiple external IP's. I have tried aliasing the VLAN's like so: iface eth0.10:1 But that was not successful and it said failed to bring up interface. And suggestions would be greatly appreciated :)

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• Move Ubuntu to another drive

  - by Ben Dilts

  I have a laptop with an 80GB SSD and 500GB HDD. I currently have Windows installed on the SSD, and a 400GB data partition for Windows on the HDD. I set aside 100GB on the HDD to try out Ubuntu, and I'd like to make it my primary OS and switch it over to the (much) faster SSD. How could I go about getting my Ubuntu setup moved over to the SSD? I have a 120GB USB hard drive I can use if necessary for getting through it.

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• mod rewrite help

  - by Benny B

  Ok, I don't know regex very well so I used a generator to help me make a simple mod_rewrite that works. Here's my full URL https://www.huttonchase.com/prodDetails.php?id_prd=683 For testing to make sure I CAN use this, I used this: RewriteRule prodDetails/(.*)/$ /prodDetails.php?id_prd=$1 So I can use the URL http://www.huttonchase.com/prodDetails/683/ If you click it, it works but it completely messes up the relative paths. There are a few work-arounds but I want something a little different. https://www.huttonchase.com/prod_683_stainless-steel-flask I want it to see that 'prod' is going to tell it which rule it's matching, 683 is the product number that I'm looking up in the database, and I want it to just IGNORE the last part, it's there only for SEO and to make the link mean something to customers. I'm told that this should work, but it's not: RewriteRule ^prod_([^-]*)_([^-]*)$ /prodDetails.php?id_prd=$1 [L] Once I get the first one to work I'll write one for Categories: https://www.huttonchase.com/cat_11_drinkware And database driven text pages: https://www.huttonchase.com/page_44_terms-of-service BTW, I can flip around my use of dash and underscore if need be. Also, is it better to end the URLs with a slash or without? Thanks!

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• How can I recover an ext4 filesystem corrupted after a fsck?

  - by Regan

  I have an ext4 filesystem on luks over software raid5. The filesystem was operating "just fine" for several years when I was beginning to run out of space. I had a 9T volume on 6x2T drives. I began upgrading to 3T drives by doing the mdadm fail, remove, add, rebuild, repeat process until I had a larger array. I then grew the luks container, and then when I unmounted and tried to resize2fs I was given the message the filesystem was dirty and needed e2fsck. Without thinking I just did e2fsck -y /dev/mapper/candybox and it began spewing all kinds of inode being removed type messages (can't remember exactly) I killed e2fsck and tried to remount the filesystem to backup data I was concerned about. When trying to mount at this point I get: # mount /dev/mapper/candybox /candybox mount: wrong fs type, bad option, bad superblock on /dev/mapper/candybox, missing codepage or helper program, or other error In some cases useful info is found in syslog - try dmesg | tail or so Looking back at my older logs I noticed the filesystem was giving this error each time the machine booted: kernel: [79137.275531] EXT4-fs (dm-2): warning: mounting fs with errors, running e2fsck is recommended So shame on me for not paying attention :( I then tried to mount using every backup superblock (one after another) and each attempt left this in my log: EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 0 failed (26534!=65440) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 1 failed (38021!=36729) EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 2 failed (18336!=39845) ... EXT4-fs (dm-2): ext4_check_descriptors: Checksum for group 11911 failed (28743!=44098) BUG: soft lockup - CPU#0 stuck for 23s! [mount:2939] Attempts to restart e2fsck results in: # e2fsck /dev/mapper/candybox e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) e2fsck: Group descriptors look bad... trying backup blocks... candy: recovering journal e2fsck: unable to set superblock flags on candy At this point, I decided it best to order some more drives and make an image using ddrescue Now two weeks later I have an image of the luks partition in a .img file. # ls -lh total 14T -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 14T Oct 25 01:57 candybox.img -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 271 Oct 20 14:32 candybox.logfile After numerous attempts using everything I could find online I could not coerce e2fsck to do anything on the image, so I used mkfs.ext4 -L candy candybox.img -m 0 -S and I was able to mount the dirty filesystem readonly without the journal and recover 960G of data. It gave all kinds of errors of various directories not existing and so forth but I was able to get some stuff. Which gave me some hope! I then ran e2fsck again and it had to recreate the root inode and gave a massive list of correcting group counts, I accepted the root inode creation and said no to everything else, leaving a completely empty filesystem. Re-ran again and said yes to all questions with the same result but now a "clean" but empty filesystem. extundelete gives me 0 recoverable inodes found. And now I'm stuck again, I can't come up with any other methods other than dropping to something like photorec which will give me an absolute mess with how large the filesystem was. I'm willing to re-copy the image from the original array and start over, if I can get any suggestions or ideas on a way to get more of my files back. I wish I could give more detailed logs of the commands that have run, but the output is long scrolled passed except for what gets logged to syslog and my memory is not as detailed due to the timeframe this has occurred over. Any help is greatly appreciated!

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• Second network card configuration not working.

  - by Sebas

  I have 4 servers running Centos 5. All of them have two ethernet network cards. I have configured 192.168.1.x IP addresses on their eth0 card. They are all connected to the same switch using their eth0 card and they are all working. I have configured 10.72.11.x IP addresses on their eth1 card.They are all connected to the same switch - a different one from the switch used with eth0 card - using their eth1 card and they are NOT all working. Their configuration files is like: DEVICE=eth1 BOOTPROTO=static IPADDR=10.72.11.236 BROADCAST=10.72.11.191 NETMASK=255.255.255.192 NETWORK=10.72.11.128 HWADDR=84:2B:2B:55:4B:98 IPV6INIT=yes IPV6_AUTOCONF=yes ONBOOT=yes The interfase is starting and configured as I need. [root@sql1 network-scripts]# ifconfig eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 84:2B:2B:55:4B:97 inet addr:192.168.1.105 Bcast:192.168.1.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 inet6 addr: fe80::862b:2bff:fe55:4b97/64 Scope:Link UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:2981 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:319 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:386809 (377.7 KiB) TX bytes:66134 (64.5 KiB) Interrupt:36 Memory:da000000-da012800 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 84:2B:2B:55:4B:98 inet addr:10.72.11.236 Bcast:10.72.11.191 Mask:255.255.255.192 UP BROADCAST MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b) Interrupt:48 Memory:dc000000-dc012800 I also added a route-eth1 file that looks like: 10.0.0.0/8 via 10.72.11.254 Routing looks fine to me: [root@sql1 network-scripts]# netstat -rn Kernel IP routing table Destination Gateway Genmask Flags MSS Window irtt Iface 10.72.11.192 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.192 U 0 0 0 eth1 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0 169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 0 0 0 eth1 10.0.0.0 10.72.11.254 255.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth1 0.0.0.0 192.168.1.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0 But I cannot ping one server from the other. [root@sql1 network-scripts]# ping 10.72.11.235 PING 10.72.11.235 (10.72.11.235) 56(84) bytes of data. From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=1 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=2 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=3 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=4 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=5 Destination Host Unreachable From 10.72.11.236 icmp_seq=6 Destination Host Unreachable ^C --- 10.72.11.235 ping statistics --- 7 packets transmitted, 0 received, +6 errors, 100% packet loss, time 6033ms , pipe 3 What am I doing wrong?

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• debian 6 losing a large amount of packets

  - by Sc0rian

  I have a rather strange problem. We covered all the obvious hardware related issues (different nic, eth cable and switch) however I cannot seem to stop eth dropping packets. I have 4 servers all exactly the same. driver: e1000e version: 1.2.20-k2 firmware-version: 1.8-0 bus-info: 0000:06:00.0 They are all running the latest kernel(2.6.32-5-amd64). However they do this: RX packets:17073870634 errors:0 dropped:14147208 overruns:0 frame:0 another server: eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr e0:69:95:05:2f:cb inet addr:10.10.10.86 Bcast:10.10.10.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:5455209277 errors:0 dropped:375445 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:3666134366 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:6688414486673 (6.0 TiB) TX bytes:1611812171539 (1.4 TiB) Interrupt:20 Memory:d0600000-d0620000 eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:1b:21:b7:7a:ce inet addr:10.10.0.86 Bcast:10.10.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0 UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1 RX packets:15473695728 errors:0 dropped:5808325 overruns:0 frame:0 TX packets:20112364421 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0 collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000 RX bytes:9192378766434 (8.3 TiB) TX bytes:20216368266761 (18.3 TiB) Interrupt:17 Memory:d0280000-d02a0000 A massive amount of dropped packets. I have tried to load on the latest driver, 1.9.5. This did nothing. I'm not sure what else to do.

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• dhclient append settings from multiple DHCP servers

  - by Brian

  I have a server with two interfaces connected to two separate networks, using DHCP for both. When dhclient is writing /etc/resolv.conf, I would like it to append settings that aren't already there. For instance, if I receive from one DHCP server: nameserver 10.0.0.1 search one.mydomain.com and from another: nameserver 10.1.1.254 search two.mydomain.com Then resolv.conf should look like this: search one.mydomain.com two.mydomain.com nameserver 10.0.0.1 nameserver 10.1.1.254 At the moment, it seems the last dhclient overwrites whatever was there. I know I can preconfigure settings in dhclient.conf using supercede or append, but then I have to hard-code the values. I've scoured the man page for dhclient, but it seems like dhclient prefers to work alone (i.e. not in conjunction with any other dhclients)...or am I missing something?

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• Increase memory to memcached

  - by Petrus

  I need to increase the memory size for memcached. I have done this before, but I cannot remember all the steps that I took. If I remember correctly, I downloaded /etc/sysconfig/memcached and changed CACHESIZE=64 to CACHESIZE=1024. However I am not sure if that is how it is supposed to be done. Anyone that could guide me into how I do this? Also a command that confirms the change would be useful. I am running RedHat x86_64 es5.

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• How to force mdadm to stop RAID5 array?

  - by lucek

  I have /dev/md127 RAID5 array that consisted of four drives. I managed to hot remove them from the array and currently /dev/md127 does not have any drives: cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid1 sdd1[0] sda1[1] 304052032 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU] md1 : active raid0 sda5[1] sdd5[0] 16770048 blocks super 1.2 512k chunks md127 : active raid5 super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [4/0] [____] unused devices: <none> and mdadm --detail /dev/md127 /dev/md127: Version : 1.2 Creation Time : Thu Sep 6 10:39:57 2012 Raid Level : raid5 Array Size : 8790402048 (8383.18 GiB 9001.37 GB) Used Dev Size : 2930134016 (2794.39 GiB 3000.46 GB) Raid Devices : 4 Total Devices : 0 Persistence : Superblock is persistent Update Time : Fri Sep 7 17:19:47 2012 State : clean, FAILED Active Devices : 0 Working Devices : 0 Failed Devices : 0 Spare Devices : 0 Layout : left-symmetric Chunk Size : 512K Number Major Minor RaidDevice State 0 0 0 0 removed 1 0 0 1 removed 2 0 0 2 removed 3 0 0 3 removed I've tried to do mdadm --stop /dev/md127 but: mdadm --stop /dev/md127 mdadm: Cannot get exclusive access to /dev/md127:Perhaps a running process, mounted filesystem or active volume group? I made sure that it's unmounted, umount -l /dev/md127 and confirmed that it indeed is unmounted: umount /dev/md127 umount: /dev/md127: not mounted I've tried to zero superblock of each drive and I get (for each drive): mdadm --zero-superblock /dev/sde1 mdadm: Unrecognised md component device - /dev/sde1 Here's output of lsof|grep md127: lsof|grep md127 md127_rai 276 root cwd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root rtd DIR 9,0 4096 2 / md127_rai 276 root txt unknown /proc/276/exe What else can I do? LVM is not even installed so it can't be a factor.

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• Add user in CentOS 5

  - by Ron

  I created a new user in my CentOS web server with useradd. Added a password with passwd. But I can't log in with the user via SSH. I keep getting 'access denied'. I checked to make sure that the password was assigned and that the account is active. /var/log/secure shows the following error: Aug 13 03:41:40 server1 su: pam_unix(su:auth): authentication failure; logname= uid=500 euid=0 tty=pts/0 ruser=rwade rhost= user=root Please help, Thanks Thanks for the responses so far: I should add that it is a VPS on a remote computer, fresh out of the box. I can log in as the root user quite fine. I can also su to the new user, but I cannot log in as the new user. Here is my sshd_config file: # $OpenBSD: sshd_config,v 1.73 2005/12/06 22:38:28 reyk Exp $ # This is the sshd server system-wide configuration file. See # sshd_config(5) for more information. # This sshd was compiled with PATH=/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin # The strategy used for options in the default sshd_config shipped with # OpenSSH is to specify options with their default value where # possible, but leave them commented. Uncommented options change a # default value. #Port 22 #Protocol 2,1 Protocol 2 #AddressFamily any #ListenAddress 0.0.0.0 #ListenAddress :: # HostKey for protocol version 1 #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_key # HostKeys for protocol version 2 #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_rsa_key #HostKey /etc/ssh/ssh_host_dsa_key # Lifetime and size of ephemeral version 1 server key #KeyRegenerationInterval 1h #ServerKeyBits 768 # Logging # obsoletes QuietMode and FascistLogging #SyslogFacility AUTH SyslogFacility AUTHPRIV #LogLevel INFO # Authentication: #LoginGraceTime 2m #PermitRootLogin yes #StrictModes yes #MaxAuthTries 6 #RSAAuthentication yes #PubkeyAuthentication yes #AuthorizedKeysFile .ssh/authorized_keys # For this to work you will also need host keys in /etc/ssh/ssh_known_hosts #RhostsRSAAuthentication no # similar for protocol version 2 #HostbasedAuthentication no # Change to yes if you don't trust ~/.ssh/known_hosts for # RhostsRSAAuthentication and HostbasedAuthentication #IgnoreUserKnownHosts no # Don't read the user's ~/.rhosts and ~/.shosts files #IgnoreRhosts yes # To disable tunneled clear text passwords, change to no here! #PasswordAuthentication yes #PermitEmptyPasswords no PasswordAuthentication yes # Change to no to disable s/key passwords #ChallengeResponseAuthentication yes ChallengeResponseAuthentication no # Kerberos options #KerberosAuthentication no #KerberosOrLocalPasswd yes #KerberosTicketCleanup yes #KerberosGetAFSToken no # GSSAPI options #GSSAPIAuthentication no GSSAPIAuthentication yes #GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes GSSAPICleanupCredentials yes # Set this to 'yes' to enable PAM authentication, account processing, # and session processing. If this is enabled, PAM authentication will # be allowed through the ChallengeResponseAuthentication mechanism. # Depending on your PAM configuration, this may bypass the setting of # PasswordAuthentication, PermitEmptyPasswords, and # "PermitRootLogin without-password". If you just want the PAM account and # session checks to run without PAM authentication, then enable this but set # ChallengeResponseAuthentication=no #UsePAM no UsePAM yes # Accept locale-related environment variables AcceptEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES AcceptEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT AcceptEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL #AllowTcpForwarding yes #GatewayPorts no #X11Forwarding no X11Forwarding yes #X11DisplayOffset 10 #X11UseLocalhost yes #PrintMotd yes #PrintLastLog yes #TCPKeepAlive yes #UseLogin no #UsePrivilegeSeparation yes #PermitUserEnvironment no #Compression delayed #ClientAliveInterval 0 #ClientAliveCountMax 3 #ShowPatchLevel no #UseDNS yes #PidFile /var/run/sshd.pid #MaxStartups 10 #PermitTunnel no #ChrootDirectory none # no default banner path #Banner /some/path # override default of no subsystems Subsystem sftp /usr/libexec/openssh/sftp-server

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• SSL Handshake negotiation on Nginx terribly slow

  - by Paras Chopra

  I am using Nginx as a proxy to 4 apache instances. My problem is that SSL negotiation takes a lot of time (600 ms). See this as an example: http://www.webpagetest.org/result/101020_8JXS/1/details/ Here is my Nginx Conf: user www-data; worker_processes 4; events { worker_connections 2048; use epoll; } http { include /etc/nginx/mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log; sendfile on; keepalive_timeout 0; tcp_nodelay on; gzip on; gzip_proxied any; server_names_hash_bucket_size 128; } upstream abc { server 1.1.1.1 weight=1; server 1.1.1.2 weight=1; server 1.1.1.3 weight=1; } server { listen 443; server_name blah; keepalive_timeout 5; ssl on; ssl_certificate /blah.crt; ssl_certificate_key /blah.key; ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m; ssl_session_timeout 5m; ssl_protocols SSLv2 SSLv3 TLSv1; ssl_ciphers RC4+RSA:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:+LOW:+SSLv2:+EXP; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; location / { proxy_pass http://abc; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; } } The machine is a VPS on Linode with 1 G of RAM. Can anyone please tell why SSL Hand shake is taking ages?

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• How to Configure Sendmail / Webmin for second IP?

  - by user310594

  Hi, LAMP Centos5.4 Webmin Until recently I have had all domains using "server1.example.com" Now I have newdomain.com on second.ip.address.works (works for DNS that is) Please tell me how to setup sendmail so the mail is sent from the second ip address? This is new for me: IF I need to create a second server called "server2.domain2.com", then please tell exactly how since I'm only experienced with one server per VPS. Whether "server2.domain2.com" needs to be created or not, here is exactly what is needed: # Mail being sent from domains using ns1.example.com needs to be sent from that server and that IP. Mail being sent from domains using nsother.example2.com sent from that IP + how to set up the second server / hostname, if needed. Thank you.

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• Choose between multiple keyboard layouts for different users in GDM3

  - by Daniel Wagner

  I am trying to set up a computer with multiple users each with different preferred keyboard layouts. The biggest sticking point right now is allowing each to log in comfortably. GDM used to offer a way to choose keyboard layout, but I can't discover how to set this up in GDM3. All the solutions I found when Googling this problem suggest changing the keyboard layout in xorg.conf, but that only sets a different single layout and still does not seem to allow me to change the layout between multiple choices. How can I allow multiple layouts when logging in?

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• Increasing the volume of sound on backtrack 4

  - by john

  The sound on backtrack 4 is too low, I am running a live cd but cant seem to find the volume nob.Any help will be apreciated

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• Logfiles filling with iptables logging

  - by Peter I

  OS: Debian 6 Server Version I have different logfiles which are filling up: user@server:/var/log$ ls -lahS | head total 427G -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 267G Nov 2 17:29 bandwidth -rw-r----- 1 root adm 44G Nov 2 17:29 kern.log -rw-r----- 1 root adm 27G Nov 2 17:29 debug -rw-r----- 1 root adm 23G Oct 27 06:33 kern.log.1 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 17G Nov 2 17:29 messages -rw-r----- 1 root adm 14G Oct 27 06:33 debug.1 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 12G Nov 2 17:29 syslog -rw-r----- 1 root adm 12G Nov 1 06:26 syslog.1 -rw-r----- 1 root adm 9.0G Oct 27 06:33 messages.1 So I looked up the file /etc/iptables.up.rules which had those lines in it: -A FORWARD -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A FORWARD -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: -A OUTPUT -o eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_OUT: -A INPUT -i eth0 -j LOG --log-level 7 --log-prefix BANDWIDTH_IN: So deleting those lines will solve my problem. But how would I edit those lines without losing their functionality?

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• Confirm that two filesystems are identical, ignoring special files

  - by endolith

  /media/A and /media/B should be identical, but I want to confirm before deleting one. Duplicate file finders don't work, because they'll find two copies of the same file within B, for instance. I only want to confirm that every file in one is identical to the other. diff -qr /media/A/ /media/B/ seems to work, but the output is cluttered with garbage like diff: /media/A//etc/alternatives/ControlPanel: No such file or directory and File /media/A//dev/tty8 is a character special file while file /media/B//dev/tty8 is a character special file I can suppress the former with 2> /dev/null, but I don't know about the latter. rsync -avn /media/A/ /media/B/ also produces a bunch of clutter, like "skipping non-regular file". How can I compare the two trees and just make sure that all the real files exist in both and are identical?

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• Alternative to the tee command whitout STDOUT

  - by aef

  I'm using | sudo tee FILENAME to be able to write or append to a file for which superuser permissions are required quite often. Although I understand why it is helpful in some situation, that tee also sends its input to STDOUT again, I never ever actually used that part of tee for anything useful. In most situations, this feature only causes my screen to be filled with unwanted jitter, if I don't go the extra step and manually silence it with tee 1> /dev/null. My question: Is there is a command arround, which does exactly the same thing as tee, but does by default not output anything to STDOUT?

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• VirtualBox management interface unreliability

  - by Arlen Cuss

  I'm using VirtualBox 3.2.8_OSE with 20 VMs running, and everything's going fine. I find that if I hammer the VBoxManage interface, all sorts of interesting things happen, usually necessitating either a restart of the VM in question, or of all VMs. For instance, if I use VBoxManage guestcontrol execute to run processes, after a few hours of using it maybe once or twice a minute on any given VM, it'll mysteriously start reporting VERR_NOT_IMPLEMENTED and refusing to do anything—sometimes trying to restart /usr/sbin/VBoxService on the VM itself will get it back in working order, but often it won't, and in the meantime, no data can be collected using VBoxManage. Such data includes the VM's IP, so if I hadn't recorded it earlier, I'm usually in trouble and have no option but to portscan the network for it, or kill the VM's process on the host manually and restart it. This one I haven't narrowed down yet, but it seems that even using VBoxManage guestproperty get (to retrieve a machine's IP) frequently and rapidly is enough to cause all VMs' management interfaces to die. The processes are still running fine, but VBoxManage reports them all as "powered off". In the meantime, another process somewhere in the system seems to have decided that their being powered off means they need to be powered on again, and suddenly I have 2x the number of VBoxHeadless processes running than I used to. Has anyone else seen behaviour like this? Is there any workaround? This is a serious impediment to my work, as I've had to resort to a lot of (hacky) caching of data and rate-limiting how often I call VBoxManage, just in case I accidentally bring 20 VMs to their knees.

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• Descending list ordered by file modification time

  - by user62367

  How can i generate a list of files in a directory [e.g.: "/mnt/hdd/PUB/"] ordered by the files modification time? [in descending order, the oldest modified file is at the lists end] ls -A -lRt would be great: https://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=AzuSVmrJ but if a file is changed in a directory it lists the full directory...so the pastebined link isn't good [i don't want a list ordered by "directories", i need a "per file" ordered list] os: openwrt..[no perl - not enough space for it :( + no "stat", or "file" command] Thank you!

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• Encrypt tar file asymmetrically

  - by DerMike

  I want to achieve something like tar -c directory | openssl foo > encrypted_tarfile.dat I need the openssl tool to use public key encryption. I found an earlier question about symmetric encryption at the command promt (sic!), which does not suffice. I did take a look in the openssl(1) man page and only found symmetric encryption. Does openssl really not support asymmetric encryption? Basically many users are supposed to create their encrypted tar files and store them in a central location, but only few are allowed to read them.

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• how to setup kismet.conf on Ubuntu

  - by Registered User

  I installed Kismet on my Ubuntu 10.04 machine as apt-get install kismet every thing seems to work fine. but when I launch it I see following error kismet Launching kismet_server: //usr/bin/kismet_server Suid priv-dropping disabled. This may not be secure. No specific sources given to be enabled, all will be enabled. Non-RFMon VAPs will be destroyed on multi-vap interfaces (ie, madwifi-ng) Enabling channel hopping. Enabling channel splitting. NOTICE: Disabling channel hopping, no enabled sources are able to change channel. Source 0 (addme): Opening none source interface none... FATAL: Please configure at least one packet source. Kismet will not function if no packet sources are defined in kismet.conf or on the command line. Please read the README for more information about configuring Kismet. Kismet exiting. Done. I followed this guide http://www.ubuntugeek.com/kismet-an-802-11-wireless-network-detector-sniffer-and-intrusion-detection-system.html#more-1776 how ever in kismet.conf I am not clear with following line source=none,none,addme as to what should I change this to. lspci -vnn shows 0c:00.0 Network controller [0280]: Broadcom Corporation BCM4312 802.11b/g [14e4:4315] (rev 01) Subsystem: Dell Device [1028:000c] Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 17 Memory at f69fc000 (64-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=16K] Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3 Capabilities: [58] Vendor Specific Information <?> Capabilities: [e8] Message Signalled Interrupts: Mask- 64bit+ Queue=0/0 Enable- Capabilities: [d0] Express Endpoint, MSI 00 Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting <?> Capabilities: [13c] Virtual Channel <?> Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number Capabilities: [16c] Power Budgeting <?> Kernel driver in use: wl Kernel modules: wl, ssb and iwconfig shows lo no wireless extensions. eth0 no wireless extensions. eth1 IEEE 802.11bg ESSID:"WIKUCD" Mode:Managed Frequency:2.462 GHz Access Point: <00:43:92:21:H5:09> Bit Rate=11 Mb/s Tx-Power:24 dBm Retry min limit:7 RTS thr:off Fragment thr:off Encryption key:off Power Managementmode:All packets received Link Quality=1/5 Signal level=-81 dBm Noise level=-90 dBm Rx invalid nwid:0 Rx invalid crypt:0 Rx invalid frag:0 Tx excessive retries:169 Invalid misc:0 Missed beacon:0 So what should I be putting in place of source=none,none,addme with output I mentioned above ?

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• How to change default sendmail SMTP error codes, responses, and/or DSN text?

  - by Mikey B

  CentOS 5.x - SendMail Hi Guys, I'm curious -- is there any way to customize the STMP error codes, response text, and/or DSN body text in sendmail? If so, where is this stored? Thanks, Mike

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