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  • Install/running ubuntu on extarnal HDD with a windows laptop?

    - by Peter
    Sorry for asking, especially as I've trawled through many similar questions. Mine is of the most basic element I think as this kind of thing is really out of my ball park. Anyway I wanted to if by installing ubuntu on my old laptop hdd (I now use it as external storage), can I run it on my laptop which has windows installed. I can't take the chance of installing on the laptop as I'm currently studying, and I have a years worth of work on here (most backed up elsewhere), and will be using it a lot. However there are some programmes I can use if I can get ubuntu that will be helpful for one or two classes. Sorry for the very basic question.

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  • Echo 404 directly from nginx to improve performance

    - by user64204
    I am in charge of production servers serving static content for a website. Those servers are constantly being crawled by bots looking for potential exploits (which isn't that much of a problem security-wise because no application can be reached behind the web server) but generates thousands of 404 per day, sometimes per hour. I am looking into ways of blocking those requests but it's tricky (you want to make sure you don't block legitimate traffic and these bots are becoming more and more clever at looking like they're legit) and is going to take me a while to find an acceptable solution. In the meantime I would like to reduce the performance impact of serving those 404 pages. Indeed we're using nginx which by default is configured to serve it's 404 page from the disk (This can be changed using the error_page directive but in the end the 404 will either have to be served from disk or from another external source (e.g. upstream application which would be worst)) which isn't ideal. I ran a test with ab on my local machine with a basic configuration: in one case I echo a message directly from nginx so the disk isn't touched at all, in the other case I hit a missing page and nginx serves its 404 from disk. server { # [...] the default nginx stuff location / { } location /this_page_exists { echo "this page was found"; } } Here are the test results (my laptop has Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2670QM + SSD in case you're wondering why they are so high): $ ab -n 500000 -c 1000 http://localhost/this_page_exists Requests per second: 25609.16 [#/sec] (mean) $ ab -n 500000 -c 1000 http://localhost/this_page_doesnt_exists Requests per second: 22905.72 [#/sec] (mean) As you can see, returning a value with echo is 11% ((25609-22905)÷22905×100) faster than serving the 404 page from disk. Accordingly I would like to echo a simple 404 Page not Found string from nginx. I tried many things so far but they all failed, essentially the idea was this: location / { try_files $uri @not_found; } location @not_found { echo "404 - Page not found"; } The problem is that as soon as the echo directive is used, the http response code is set to 200. I tried changing that by doing error_page 200 = 400 but that breaks the configuration. How can I serve a 404 page directly from nginx? (without hacking the source which may be might next step)

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  • Two domains hosted on the same server with different root folder shows up the same homepage

    - by emaillenin
    I have hosted two domains from GoDaddy at Linode VPS. They are mobiletoast.com and lesseltechnologies.com Thought the latter site has a separate index folder, whenever I navigate to it, I get the homepage of mobiletoast.com The strange thing is, I see the expected page (It works), when I open the site from my mobile phone. But when I open the site from my PC (any browser, without any cache, hard refresh), I get the homepage of mobiletoast.com The Linode support team says, they see the correct "It works" page. But I am not able to see that page. This is the output of the command apache2ctl -S root@li339-83:~# apache2ctl -S VirtualHost configuration: wildcard NameVirtualHosts and _default_ servers: *:80 is a NameVirtualHost default server mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default:1) port 80 namevhost blog.mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/blog.mobiletoast.com:1) port 80 namevhost lesseltechnologies.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/lesseltechnologies.com:1) port 80 namevhost mobiletoast.com (/etc/apache2/sites-enabled/mobiletoast.com:1) Syntax OK

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  • Am I using too much memory? (Rails on EC2 with Resque)

    - by Stpn
    I am looking at the memory usage of the Rails application (it uses background processes via Resque) and since the common answer to the question, "how many workers is too many" was "test and see", I ran some memory commands and wonder if someone can help figuring if the memory usage is high enough already, or I can still add some extra workers.. so (this is all under the maximum load): $ free -t -m total used free shared buffers cached Mem: 1756 1532 223 0 12 229 -/+ buffers/cache: 1291 464 Swap: 895 10 885 Total: 2652 1543 1108 $ vmstat procs -----------memory---------- ---swap-- -----io---- -system-- ----cpu---- r b swpd free buff cache si so bi bo in cs us sy id wa 0 0 10588 156172 13400 326476 1 6 4 0 5 4 1 0 99 0 If there is any extra info I can provide to help answer this, I would be happy to do so. If the question is strange in some way, please let me know I'd be glad to fix etc..

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  • Devices renamed with udev not working, original device node still there

    - by skerit
    I'm trying to rename certain video devices using udev. Here's a rule (broken down for readability): ACTION=="add", SUBSYSTEM=="usb", ATTR{busnum}=="1", ATTR{devpath}=="2", ATTR{idVendor}=="05e1", NAME="video97" It works. /dev/video97 is created But the original /dev/video1 node is STILL there. The even worse, when I try to view the /dev/video97 node in guvcview it doesn't work, while the original node DOES work.

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  • OpenVPN access to a private network

    - by Gior312
    There are many similar topics about my issue, however I cannot figure out a solution for myself. There are three hosts. A without a routable address but with an Internet access. Server S with a routable Internet address and host B behind NAT in a private network. What I've managed to do is a OpenVPN connection between A and B via S. Everything works fine so far according to this manual VPN Setup What I want to do is to connect A to Bs private network 10.A.B.x I tried this manual but had no luck. So A has a vpn address 10.9.0.10, B's vpn address is 10.9.0.6 and B's private network is 10.20.20.0/24. When at the Server I try to make a route to Bs private network like this sudo route add 10.20.20.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 10.9.0.6 dev tun0 it says "route: netmask 000000ff doesn't make sense with host route" but I don't know how to tell Server to look for a private network in a different way. Do you know how can I make it right ?

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  • some novice questions about VPS

    - by Camran
    I have ordered a VPS today, and I am still setting it up. I have some Q though: Also, I have just installed apache, php and mysql. 1- I don't understand which folder my website should be in. Is it the 'www' folder or the htdocs folder I should upload my site to? Because they are in entirely different directories. 2- How do I even upload files? FTP program? How do I install one, and which one? Thanks

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  • PostgreSQL, Ubuntu, NetBeans IDE (Part 2)

    - by Geertjan
    Now let's create the start of a CRUD application on the NetBeans Platform, using Hibernate and PostgreSQL to do so. Here's what I see in NetBeans IDE after setting things up as outlined yesterday: The NetBeans Platform CRUD Tutorial should get you up and started creating the NetBeans Platform application. Open the generated "persistence.xml" in Design mode and then switch the persistence library to Hibernate. The Here's the application structure: The Hibernate module that you see above has this content: Here's the result: And here's the source code: http://java.net/projects/nb-api-samples/sources/api-samples/show/versions/7.3/misc/NBPostgreSQL

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  • how to reduce time of git pulling each time when you do a make world on Xen source

    - by Registered User
    I am compiling xen from source and each time I do a make world it basically gives some or the other error my problem are not those errors ( I am trying to debug them) but the problem is each time when I do a make world Xen basically pulls things from git repository + rm -rf linux-2.6-pvops.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + mkdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + rmdir linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp + git clone -o xen -n git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/jeremy/xen.git linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp Initialized empty Git repository in /usr/src/xen-4.0.1/linux-2.6-pvops.git.tmp/.git/ remote: Counting objects: 1941611, done. remote: Compressing objects: 100% (319127/319127), done. remote: Total 1941611 (delta 1614302), reused 1930655 (delta 1604595) **Receiving objects: 20% (1941611/1941611), 98.17 MiB | 87 KiB/s, done.** and if you notice the last line it is still consuming my bandwidth pulling things from internet.How can I stop this step each time and use existing git repository?

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  • Can't access site internally, but DNS works

    - by BloodyIron
    1) I have apache2 running a vhost for a website. 2) This apache2 instance is already successfuly setup for other websites on it to be accessible internally and externally. 3) I am using an internal bind9 server to resolve the new website's domain internally to the private IP. This bind9 server is not public facing, nor is it the master server on the internet. 4) The DNS internally resolves to the right IP. 5) Firefox reports "server not found". 6) I have copied the config almost identically to other configs that are known to work (adjusting for proper paths of course). In turn I have reloaded and restarted apache2 repeatedly. 7) I have an entry to forward .org .info .net alternative TLDs to .com in the vhost config for this domain, and my browser goes from .org to .com despite note #5. 8) /var/log/apache2/access.log shows when someone externally tries to access the site, but no activity is observed when someone tries to access internally. Changing the log level does not appear to improve the situation. 9) I am out of ideas, nothing appears to be wrong. Please help? To be explicit. Why is this new site unreachable internally? I would like to clarify on something, even though I have already outlined this. YES I know this system is in a private network. NO it is not going through a router. YES I am using an internal DNS server (bind9) to resolve, and YES it does resolve to the proper internal IP. YES other websites on the same server setup in the same way with internal resolution work right now and have done for a while. Everything for this domain is setup the same as the other working domains as far as I can tell. The other working domains are internally AND externally accessible. This domain I am working with is only currently externally accessible. When I go to it internally firefox tells me "Server not found".

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  • chroot for unsecure programs execution

    - by attwad
    Hi, I have never set-up a chroot-jailed environment before and I am afraid I need some help to do it well. To explain shortly what this is all about: I have a webserver to which users send python scripts to process various files that are stored on the server (the system is for Research purpose). Everyday a cron job starts the execution of the uploaded scripts via a command of this kind: /usr/bin/python script_file.py All of this is really insecure and I would like to create a jail in which I would copy the necessary files (uploaded scripts, files to process, python binary and dependencies). I already looked at various utilities to create jails but none of them seemed up-to-date or were lacking solid documentation (ie. the links proposed in How can I run an untrusted python script) Could anyone guide me to a viable solution to my problem? like a working example of a script that creates a jail, put some files in it and executes a python script? Thank you very much.

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  • Are Intel HD 4000 graphics supported on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS?

    - by user1118764
    I have an intel Core i7-3700 system with Intel HD 4000 integrated graphics with a dual monitor setup (1 connected via VGA, the other via DVI) on Ubuntu 10.04 LTS 64bit. I'm trying to get my monitors correctly detected. Right now, in only 1 unknown monitor is detected with a max resolution of 1280x1024, which is lower than my main monitor connected to DVI. Also, the desktop is mirrored rather than extended. I've previously managed to get a Core i5-2400 system with Intel HD 3000 integrated graphics with the same dual monitor setup and Ubuntu 10.04 LTS 64bit to work using the glasen ppa drivers, but this time, after installing them following the instructions How do I install the Intel HD 3000 video driver? but it doesn't seem to work. Does the Intel HD 4000 require a different driver from the 3000? If so, where can I get it?

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  • My computer boots up with Ubuntu: How can I tell what's on my hard disk?

    - by Larry Harson
    I've acquired an old laptop (Acer TravelMate 4050 with an Italian keyboard) that boots up with the following options: Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic Ubuntu, with Linux 3.0.0-12-generic (recovery mode) Memory test (memtest86+) Memory test (memtest86+, serial console 115200) When I choose the first option, the screen just goes blank with a flashing cursor. But I can go into grub command mode by typing 'c'. Now, I want to know what operating system is installed, and the files stored on my computer, so how do I do this? What can I do to maximise the use of this computer in its current state?

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  • Extending partition on linux gparted but not more space in the vm

    - by Asken
    I have a vm test installation of a linux running a build server. Unfortunately I just pressed ok when adding the disk and ended up with an 8gb drive to play with. Well into the test the builds are consuming more and more space, of course. The vm drive was resized to 21gb and using gparted I expanded the drive partitions and that all worked fine but when I go back into the console and do df there's still only 8gb available. How can I claim the other 13gb I added? fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 21.0 GB, 20971520000 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2549 cylinders, total 40960000 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0006d284 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 499711 248832 83 Linux /dev/sda2 501758 40959999 20229121 5 Extended /dev/sda5 501760 40959999 20229120 8e Linux LVM vgdisplay --- Volume group --- VG Name ct System ID Format lvm2 Metadata Areas 1 Metadata Sequence No 4 VG Access read/write VG Status resizable MAX LV 0 Cur LV 2 Open LV 2 Max PV 0 Cur PV 1 Act PV 1 VG Size 19.29 GiB PE Size 4.00 MiB Total PE 4938 Alloc PE / Size 1977 / 7.72 GiB Free PE / Size 2961 / 11.57 GiB VG UUID MwiMAz-52e1-iGVf-eL4f-P5lq-FvRA-L73Sl3 lvdisplay --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/ct/root VG Name ct LV UUID Rfk9fh-kqdM-q7t5-ml6i-EjE8-nMtU-usBF0m LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 1 LV Size 5.73 GiB Current LE 1466 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:0 --- Logical volume --- LV Name /dev/ct/swap_1 VG Name ct LV UUID BLFaa6-1f5T-4MM0-5goV-1aur-nzl9-sNLXIs LV Write Access read/write LV Status available # open 2 LV Size 2.00 GiB Current LE 511 Segments 1 Allocation inherit Read ahead sectors auto - currently set to 256 Block device 252:1

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  • Why is my SSH session timing out in less than a minute?

    - by John Smith
    Within a minute of connecting to my remote Linux server through SSH, my session times out and I cannot contact the server until a few seconds have passed. Meanwhile, I'm connected to other servers without interruption. This is only happening when I establish connection from an hotel wireless AP. When I connect from my phone's Internet, the problem does not occur. Does anyone know what might be causing these unusual timeouts?

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  • Upgrading only certain packages via the getdeb repo

    - by intuited
    I'm a bit confused about how getdeb.net works now. The last time I got a package from there was a while ago; at that point the procedure was that you would just download a .deb for each package that you wanted to install/upgrade and then install it using dpkg -i. However the inexorable march of progress has lent its trumpets to this system as well, and getdeb installs are now done via their repo, which is registered with apt in /etc/apt/sources.list.d, after you install a single package that makes the changes to the apt database. I've installed that package, and I've discovered that aptitude dist-upgrade now wants to upgrade a lot of packages on my system that weren't ready for upgrades prior to the installation of the getdeb package. If I rename the file /etc/apt/sources.list.d/getdeb.list to something with a different extension, then do aptitude update && aptitude dist-upgrade, it stops wanting to upgrade packages. So I gather that the default behaviour is now to upgrade all packages to the version available at getdeb. This is not particularly appropriate, since these packages are not as well tested as the officially released versions. Is there a config setting somewhere that will prevent upgrading packages to versions from the getdeb repo unless this action is specifically selected? I'd like to be able to pick and choose what packages are upgraded via getdeb.

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  • Can't see more than the first few lines in an SSH connection

    - by hello
    I need some help for SSH buffer size. I have a vista machine at home and i have installed "Free SSHD" on it. I also have Dynamic DNS setup to access some of my home lab equipment which are connected to this vista machine. From my work machine which is an XP machine I connect to my home machine using Putty. Everything up to this point is working fine without any problem. The issue is I can't see more lines than the first few lines of the output. I press the space bar to get more output off the screen and the output scrolls up and it gets lost as the more output gets displayed on the screen. The Putty client i am using on my work machine has been setup with enough buffer size but the output still only displays few lines and as it moves up, the buffer gets empty automatically. I have searched the entire web and haven’t found any proper solution any where. Can someone please help here? Thanks.

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  • Why does my Ubuntu Software Center not work? [closed]

    - by Alex Mundy
    Possible Duplicate: How do I fix a “Problem with MergeList” error when trying to do an update? I've been having trouble with my Software Center. Whenever I try to open it, or even do an apt-get in the terminal I get this message: Reading package lists... Error! E: Encountered a section with no Package: header E: Problem with MergeList /var/lib/apt/lists/security.ubuntu.com_ubuntu_dists_precise-security_restricted_binary-i386_Packages E: The package lists or status file could not be parsed or opened. How do I fix it? Note: I'm new to Ubuntu. I need simple instructions for the moment.

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  • file system that allow to specify different RAID level per directory and change it afterward

    - by Adam Ryczkowski
    I have 5 hard drives, where I want to keep my data. Some of my files are more important, and some of them are less. So some of them I wish to put on RAID-6, and for some it RAID-5 is sufficient. It is difficult to predict at the moment of creation of the arrays how much space of each type to declare. What I would do if I didn't hear about zfs, is partition the hard drives into identical 100GB partitions, and as my needs grow, assemble those partitions into md devices using linux-raid. Then, I'd combine those devices using lvm into logical volumes where I'd put my data. So when I'd need more space of e.g. RAID-6, I'd take 100GB partition from each hard drive and assemble them into another RAID-6 md device and would use it as physical storage for the logical volume group dedicated for RAID-6 data. Then I could grow the file system on this logical volume. On top of RAID-6 and RAID-5 Volume Groups (managed by lvm) would reside completely independent file systems, which I'd later merge with multiple mount --bind into a single directory structure that would reflect the logical structure of data rather that of the storage. But now, when I heard about the ZFS with all the performance, data-healing and compression capabilities I cannot stop thinking if it can help me. If so, what do you think would be the best setup?

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  • xrandr fails when 3rd monitor has higher resolution

    - by Pi3cH
    I tried many combinations with xrandr command under lubuntu 12.04 to setup my three monitors DVI (DELL 1) left detected as HDMI1 HDMI (LG E2290) middle detected as HDMI2 VGA (DELL 2) right detected as VGA1 I can get the display with fix 1280x1024 on all the monitors. But once I setup 1280x1024 + 1920x1080 + 1280x1024, I get blank screen on all the monitors. Sometimes it throws crts fail error instead of blanking out. Anyone have similar issues? any solutions/workarounds? P.S. I can setup two monitors using 1280x1280 and 1920x1080 P.S.S. HDMI2 required at least 1920x1080 to display sharp picture. Outputs (it seems graphic card supports up to 8192x8192): xrandr Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 3840 x 1024, maximum 8192 x 8192 VGA1 connected 1280x1024+2560+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 338mm x 270mm 1280x1024 60.0*+ 75.0 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 HDMI1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 376mm x 301mm 1280x1024 60.0*+ 75.0 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 HDMI2 connected 1280x1024+1280+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm 1920x1080 60.0 + 1680x1050 60.0 1280x1024 75.0 60.0* 1152x864 75.0 1024x768 75.1 60.0 800x600 75.0 60.3 640x480 75.0 60.0 720x400 70.1 DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) DP2 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 3 CRTs (0,1 VGA, 0,1,2 for other HDMI) xrandr --verbose VGA1 connected 1280x1024+2560+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 338mm x 270mm Identifier: 0x42 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 0 CRTCs: 0 1 ... HDMI1 connected 1280x1024+0+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 376mm x 301mm Identifier: 0x43 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 1 CRTCs: 0 1 2 ... HDMI2 connected 1280x1024+1280+0 (0x47) normal (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 477mm x 268mm Identifier: 0x44 Timestamp: 51324 Subpixel: unknown Gamma: 1.0:1.0:1.0 Brightness: 1.0 Clones: CRTC: 2 CRTCs: 0 1 2 Below command fails: xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --output HDMI2 --auto --left-of VGA1 --output HDMI1 --auto --left-of HDMI2 Below command passes: xrandr --output VGA1 --auto --output HDMI2 --mode 1280x1024 --rate 60.0 --left-of VGA1 --output HDMI1 --auto --left-of HDMI2 Graphic card VGA compatible controller: Intel Corporation Ivy Bridge Graphics Controller (rev 09)

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  • Does Gedit have cool keyboard shortcuts?

    - by Kelp
    I have used Vim before and I love the keyboard shortcuts, but I hate having to copy and paste, so I am looking for a text editor that makes it easier. I have been trying Gedit. It's cool. But I really miss the being to create a new line, going to the end of the line, going to the beginning of the line, deleting a line with keyboard shortcuts. I tried to look up "gedit keyboard shortcuts" but all it came up with was how to save a file. Basic things.

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