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  • Access array of c-structs using Python ctypes

    - by sadris
    I have a C-function that allocates memory at the address passed to and is accessed via Python. The pointer contents does contain an array of structs in the C code, but I am unable to get ctypes to access the array properly beyond the 0th element. How can I get the proper memory offset to be able to access the non-zero elements? Python's ctypes.memset is complaining about TypeErrors if I try to use their ctypes.memset function. typedef struct td_Group { unsigned int group_id; char groupname[256]; char date_created[32]; char date_modified[32]; unsigned int user_modified; unsigned int user_created; } Group; int getGroups(LIBmanager * handler, Group ** unallocatedPointer); ############# python code below: class Group(Structure): _fields_ = [("group_id", c_uint), ("groupname", c_char*256), ("date_created", c_char*32), ("date_modified", c_char*32), ("user_modified", c_uint), ("user_created", c_uint)] myGroups = c_void_p() count = libnativetest.getGroups( nativePointer, byref(myGroups) ) casted = cast( myGroups, POINTER(Group*count) ) for x in range(0,count): theGroup = cast( casted[x], POINTER(Group) ) # this only works for the first entry in the array: print "~~~~~~~~~~" + theGroup.contents.groupname Related: Access c_char_p_Array_256 in Python using ctypes

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  • CodeIgniter -- unable to use an object

    - by Smandoli
    THE SUMMARY: When I call .../index.php/product, I receive: Fatal error: Call to a member function get_prod_single() on a non-object in /var/www/sparts/main/controllers/product.php on line 16 The offending Line 16 is: $data['pn_oem'] = $this->product_model->get_prod_single($product_id); Looks like I don't know how to make this a working object. Can you help me? THE CODE: In my /Models folder I have product_model.php: <?php class Product_model extends Model { function Product_model() { parent::Model(); } function get_prod_single($product_id) { //This will be a DB lookup ... return 'foo'; //stub to get going } } ?> In my /controllers folder I have product.php: <?php class Product extends Controller { function Product() { parent::Controller(); } function index() { $this->load->model('Product_model'); $product_id = 113; // will get this dynamically $data['product_id'] = $product_id; $data['pn_oem'] = $this->product_model->get_prod_single($product_id); $this->load->view('prod_single', $data); } } ?>

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  • Recreating http request with cURL incl. files

    - by Toby
    I consistently get the error 'failed creating formpost data' from the below code, the same thing works perfectly on my local testing server, but on my shared host it throws the error. The sample part is just to simulate building the array with both files and non-file data. Essentially all I'm trying to do here is redirect the same http request to another server, but I'm running into so many troubles. $count=count($_FILES['photographs']['tmp_name']); $file_posts=array('samplesample' => 'ladeda'); for($i=0;$i<$count;$i++) { if(!empty($_FILES['photographs']['name'][$i])) { $fn = genRandomString(); $file_posts[$fn] = "@".$_FILES['photographs']['tmp_name'][$i]; } } $ch = curl_init(); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_URL,"http://myurl/wp-content/plugins/autol/rec.php"); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 5.01; Windows NT 5.0)"); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_HEADER,TRUE); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POST,TRUE); curl_setopt($ch,CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS,$file_posts); curl_exec($ch); print curl_error($ch); curl_close($ch);

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  • crash when using stl vector at instead of operator[]

    - by Jamie Cook
    I have a method as follows (from a class than implements TBB task interface - not currently multithreading though) My problem is that two ways of accessing a vector are causing quite different behaviour - one works and the other causes the entire program to bomb out quite spectacularly (this is a plugin and normally a crash will be caught by the host - but this one takes out the host program as well! As I said quite spectacular) void PtBranchAndBoundIterationOriginRunner::runOrigin(int origin, int time) const // NOTE: const method { BOOST_FOREACH(int accessMode, m_props->GetAccessModes()) { // get a const reference to appropriate vector from member variable // map<int, vector<double>> m_rowTotalsByAccessMode; const vector<double>& rowTotalsForAccessMode = m_rowTotalsByAccessMode.find(accessMode)->second; if (origin != 129) continue; // Additional debug constrain: I know that the vector only has one non-zero element at index 129 m_job->Write("size: " + ToString(rowTotalsForAccessMode.size())); try { // check for early return... i.e. nothing to do for this origin if (!rowTotalsForAccessMode[origin]) continue; // <- this works if (!rowTotalsForAccessMode.at(origin)) continue; // <- this crashes } catch (...) { m_job->Write("Caught an exception"); // but its not an exception } // do some other stuff } } I hate not putting in well defined questions but at the moment my best phrasing is : "WTF?" I'm compiling this with Intel C++ 11.0.074 [IA-32] using Microsoft (R) Visual Studio Version 9.0.21022.8 and my implementation of vector has const_reference operator[](size_type _Pos) const { // subscript nonmutable sequence #if _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING if (size() <= _Pos) { _DEBUG_ERROR("vector subscript out of range"); _SCL_SECURE_OUT_OF_RANGE; } #endif /* _HAS_ITERATOR_DEBUGGING */ _SCL_SECURE_VALIDATE_RANGE(_Pos < size()); return (*(_Myfirst + _Pos)); } (Iterator debugging is off - I'm pretty sure) and const_reference at(size_type _Pos) const { // subscript nonmutable sequence with checking if (size() <= _Pos) _Xran(); return (*(begin() + _Pos)); } So the only difference I can see is that at calls begin instead of simply using _Myfirst - but how could that possibly be causing such a huge difference in behaviour?

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  • Python class structure ... prep() method?

    - by Adam Nelson
    We have a metaclass, a class, and a child class for an alert system: class AlertMeta(type): """ Metaclass for all alerts Reads attrs and organizes AlertMessageType data """ def __new__(cls, base, name, attrs): new_class = super(AlertMeta, cls).__new__(cls, base, name, attrs) # do stuff to new_class return new_class class BaseAlert(object): """ BaseAlert objects should be instantiated in order to create new AlertItems. Alert objects have classmethods for dequeue (to batch AlertItems) and register (for associated a user to an AlertType and AlertMessageType) If the __init__ function recieves 'dequeue=True' as a kwarg, then all other arguments will be ignored and the Alert will check for messages to send """ __metaclass__ = AlertMeta def __init__(self, **kwargs): dequeue = kwargs.pop('dequeue',None) if kwargs: raise ValueError('Unexpected keyword arguments: %s' % kwargs) if dequeue: self.dequeue() else: # Do Normal init stuff def dequeue(self): """ Pop batched AlertItems """ # Dequeue from a custom queue class CustomAlert(BaseAlert): def __init__(self,**kwargs): # prepare custom init data super(BaseAlert, self).__init__(**kwargs) We would like to be able to make child classes of BaseAlert (CustomAlert) that allow us to run dequeue and to be able to run their own __init__ code. We think there are three ways to do this: Add a prep() method that returns True in the BaseAlert and is called by __init__. Child classes could define their own prep() methods. Make dequeue() a class method - however, alot of what dequeue() does requires non-class methods - so we'd have to make those class methods as well. Create a new class for dealing with the queue. Would this class extend BaseAlert? Is there a standard way of handling this type of situation?

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  • Template neglects const (why?)

    - by Gabriel
    Does somebody know, why this compiles?? template< typename TBufferTypeFront, typename TBufferTypeBack = TBufferTypeFront> class FrontBackBuffer{ public: FrontBackBuffer( const TBufferTypeFront front, const TBufferTypeBack back): ////const reference assigned to reference??? m_Front(front), m_Back(back) { }; ~FrontBackBuffer() {}; TBufferTypeFront m_Front; ///< The front buffer TBufferTypeBack m_Back; ///< The back buffer }; int main(){ int b; int a; FrontBackBuffer<int&,int&> buffer(a,b); // buffer.m_Back = 33; buffer.m_Front = 55; } I compile with GCC 4.4. Why does it even let me compile this? Shouldn't there be an error that I cannot assign a const reference to a non-const reference?

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  • How to create a desktop shortcut to a website with website logo as icon?

    - by Wbdvlpr
    Hi I need a solution which allows users to create a desktop shortcut to a website, preferably with website logo as shortcut icon. There are ways users can create shortcut such as drag drop favicon or right click create new shortcut etc. This works but also creates the shortcut with default IE icon on windows. I am trying to avoid this method for this icon and some other reasons. I thought of creating a website-title.URL file, and tell users to download and save file to their desktop, again this works but doesn't solve the icon problem as the website logo (.ico) has to be at local disk and at a pre-specified location [IconFile=path]. I was wondering if it is possible to create a some sort of installer or windows application which users can download from the website. Once its executed by user, it creates this .URL file on user desktop which have IconFile path pre-specified, and copy the website-logo.ico at path specified in .URL file etc. So my questions are - Is it possible to create such a solution? What programming languages can be used to achieve this? Can this installer/app be made to work on non-windows machines as well? From developments point of view how big project it is? if I have to hire a programmer to do this. Please let me know if you need more information. Thanks

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  • Is there a free, smale-scale, not web-based issue/bug tracking system?

    - by Doc Brown
    I know, there were posts before here on SO before concerning issue or bug tracking systems, like this one, but the given answers point either to commercial systems or web-based systems, which both seem to be oversized for our needs. What I am looking for is a non-commercial tool for a team of 3 to 4 developers, which can be used on an existing fileserver, without the need of installing additional server software like a C/S database or a web server. Some things I expect from such a system: allows to remember bugs (with a priority) and issues / ideas for new features (mostly without a priority) description of the issue, perhaps some additional remarks short info who entered the bug/issue entry one or more tags allowing us to group or filter the list Any suggestions? EDIT: I should have said that, but we are using MS Windows clients, Visual Studio development, Tortoise SVN (the latter works fine without a subversion server). And yes, I am strict on "no server software", since all server based solutions I have seen so far seem much to oversized/heavy weighted/too-much-effort-to-be-worth-it. In fact, if no one has a better idea, we are going to use a spreadsheet, but I can't believe there are no ready-made, light weight solutions.

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  • Pair equal operator overloading for inserting into set

    - by Petwoip
    I am trying to add a pair<int,int> to a set. If a pair shares the same two values as another in the set, it should not be inserted. Here's my non-working code: typedef std::pair<int, int> PairInt; template<> bool std::operator==(const PairInt& l, const PairInt& r) { return (l.first == r.first && l.second == r.second) || (l.first == r.second && l.second == r.first); } int main() { std::set<PairInt> intSet; intSet.insert(PairInt(1,3)); intSet.insert(PairInt(1,4)); intSet.insert(PairInt(1,4)); intSet.insert(PairInt(4,1)); } At the moment, the (4,1) pair gets added even though there is already a (1,4) pair. The final contents of the set are: (1 3) (1 4) (4 1) and I want it to be (1 3) (1 4) I've tried putting breakpoints in the overloaded method, but they never get reached. What have I done wrong?

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  • Help- CSS styles for text links also affecting image links

    - by blabus
    I've been working on this one for about an hour now, and I'm about ready to pull my hair out. What seems like it should be a simple one or two lines of CSS apparently isn't. I have a Posterous blog with a custom theme I designed for a client, viewable here: http://phar-ma.com/ I obviously use CSS to style the text links in the posts. My problem is, the same styles are also being applied to images that have a larger version to view, since Posterous automatically turns them into links to the larger versions (the smaller images aren't turned into links). So basically I need to figure out how the return the styling of the link images to the same as the non-link images. Right now they have weird spacing and borders around them (because of the styles for the text links) and those change when you hover over them. They're also not centered correctly. I've tried just about every piece of CSS code I know, and I've had absolutely no luck. I also searched on Google and found this: http://perishablepress.com/press/2008/10/14/css-remove-link-underlines-borders-linked-images/ but still no luck with that either. So, if anyone has any ideas, I'd appreciate it. Thanks!

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  • Need advice - Developing a flexible documentation system, heavily focused on localization

    - by inkedmn
    I've been charged with building a documentation system/platform. Here's a short list of the major requirements: Easily localized : This will need to support a dozen or so languages out of the gate. (the ability for non-technical personnel to add/update translations would be a big plus, though not 100% required) Flexibility in output formats : At the bare minimum, I need to output the documents (either as a whole or in selected chunks) as PDF and HTML. Bonus points for native formats like Windows Help Files. Managed and deployed via an intuitive user interface (web, ideally). I'm wondering if you folks know of any systems out there that support this type of thing already? I'm not averse to writing this from scratch, but I'd rather not reinvent the wheel if I can help it. The two major candidates I've come across thus far are DocBook and reST. The former seems to have garnered a reputation for, well, sucking. I'm unfamiliar with either, but I'm told that reST would get me a good portion of the way there. Any other suggestions? Would I be better off building this from scratch?

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  • Is programming overrated?

    - by aengine
    [Subjective and intended to be a community wiki] I am sorry for such an offensive question: But here are my arguments Most of the progress in "computing" has came from non-programming sources. i.e. People invented faster microprocessors and better routers and novel memory devices. I dont think on average people are writting more efficient programs than those written 10 years ago. And the newer and popular languages are infact slower than C. though speed is one of the lesser criterias. Most of the progress came from novel paradigms. Web, Internet, Cloud computing and Social networking are novel paradigms and did not involve progress in programming as such. Heck even facebook was written in PHP and not some extreme language. Though it did face scalability issues (same with twitter) but i believe money and better programmers (who came in much later) took care of that. Thus ideating capability trumped programming capability/ Even things like Map-Reduce, Column oriented database and Probablistic algorithms (E.g. bloom filters) came from hardcore Algorithms research, rather than some programming convention. Thus my final point is why programming skill is so overstressed? To point a recent example about how only 10% of programmers can "write code" (binary search) without debugging. Isnt it a bit hypocritical, considering your real successs lies in coming up with better algorithm or a novel feature rather than getting right first time???

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  • How to map string keys to unique integer IDs?

    - by Marek
    I have some data that comes regularily as a dump from a data souce with a string natural key that is long (up to 60 characters) and not relevant to the end user. I am using this key in a url. This makes urls too long and user unfriendly. I would like to transform the string keys into integers with the following requirements: The source dataset will change over time. The ID should be: non negative integer unique and constant even if the set of input keys changes preferrably reversible back to key (not a strong requirement) The database is rebuilt from scratch every time so I can not remember the already assigned IDs and match the new data set to existing IDs and generate sequential IDs for the added keys. There are currently around 30000 distinct keys and the set is constantly growing. How to implement a function that will map string keys to integer IDs? What I have thought about: 1. Built-in string.GetHashCode: ID(key) = Math.Abs(key.GetHashCode()) is not guaranteed to be unique (not reversible) 1.1 "Re-hashing" the built-in GetHashCode until a unique ID is generated to prevent collisions. existing IDs may change if something colliding is added to the beginning of the input data set 2. a perfect hashing function I am not sure if this can generate constant IDs if the set of inputs changes (not reversible) 3. translate to base 36/64/?? does not shorten the long keys enough What are the other options?

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  • Merging two arrays in PHP

    - by Industrial
    Hi everyone, I am trying to create a new array from two current arrays. Tried array_merge, but it will not give me what I want. $array1 is a list of keys that I pass to a function. $array2 holds the results from that function, but doesn't contain any non-available resuls for keys. So, I want to make sure that all requested keys comes out with 'null':ed values, as according to the shown $result array. It goes a little something like this: $array1 = array('item1', 'item2', 'item3', 'item4'); $array2 = array( 'item1' => 'value1', 'item2' => 'value2', 'item3' => 'value3' ); Here's the result I want: $result = array( 'item1' => 'value1', 'item2' => 'value2', 'item3' => 'value3', 'item4' => '' ); It can be done this way, but I don't think that it's a good solution - I really don't like to take the easy way out and suppress PHP errors by adding @:s in the code. This sample would obviously throw errors since 'item4' is not in $array2, based on the example. foreach ($keys as $k => $v){ @$array[$v] = $items[$v]; } So, what's the fastest (performance-wise) way to accomplish the same result?

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  • Access images for my project when it is embedded in another project

    - by Vaccano
    I have the following situation: ProjectA needs to show an image on a UserControl. It has the image in its project (can be a Resource or whatever). But ProjectA is just a dll. It is used by ProjectB (via Prism). So doing this in ProjectA works for design time (if the MyImage.png file is set to "Resource" compile action): <Image Source="pack://application:,,,/ProjectA;component/MyImage.png"></Image> But at run time, all that is copied to ProjectB is the dll (and that is all I want copied. So MyImage.png is present in the running folder... and it does not show an image. I thought that Making it Resource would embed it but it does not seem to work. I also tried to use a Resources.resx and that does not seem to work at all (or I can't find the way to bind the image in xaml). How can I put the image inside my dll and then reference it from there (or some other non-file system dependent way to get the image)?

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  • WCF publish/subscribe service, and ASP.NET MVC client

    - by d3j4vu
    I managed to develop a custom WCF service, using the publish / subscribe model, and hosted inside a managed windows service. Everything's working. I developed an interface as the service contract implementing a method definition marked as a non-one way operation contract (OperationContract(IsOneWay = false)]. This, to make possible returns an instance of a custom class derived from System.Web.Mvc.ActionResult. In the MVC app, event fires ok. It wraps inside an action method, (just the one defined in the interface), but, and this is my current problem, i believe that something relative to the execution context of the windows service (and the hosted wcf counterpart) blocks the execution of the action method in the MVC app. This is what i have until now (some pieces ripped off just to be more clear): /// Method definition for the contract's service. Maps to a MVC ActionMethod. [OperationContract(IsOneWay = false)] ActionResult Imagen(string data, CustomActionResult result); The class to hold an ActionResult derived class instance: public class ServiceEventArgsMvc : ServiceEventArgs { /// <summary> /// /// </summary> public CustomActionResult Result { get; set; } } And the code in the MVC client app: /// <summary> /// Just a simple class to hold an abstract ActionResult derived class instance. /// </summary> public ActionResult Image(string data, CustomActionResult result) { ViewData["data"] = data; return View(); } Ok. ActionMethod sucessfully executes...but when it's done (and usually expected obtain a reditection to a View named Image, like the action method), the WCF service throws a Timeout exception, making clear that he's still waiting for a response from the MVC client. The response never arrives, so the MVC app never finish his work (redirect to the "Image" view as expected). Any ideas?. Guess i'm missing something very simple, but i don't know what it could be. This is drivin' me nuts.

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  • Failed to load url in Dom Document?

    - by Lakhan
    im trying to get latitude and longtitude from google map by giving address. But its giving error.when i directly copy url to browser url bar.its giving correct result.If anybody know the answer .Plz reply. Thanx in advance Here is my code. <?php $key = '[AIzaSyAoPgQlfKsBKQcBGB01cl8KmiPee3SmpU0]'; $opt = array ( 'address' => urlencode('Kolkata,India, ON') , 'output' => 'xml' ); $url = 'http://maps.google.com/maps/geo?q='.$opt['address'].'&output='.$opt['output'].'&oe=utf8&key='.$key; $dom = new DOMDocument(); $dom->load($url); $xpath = new DomXPath($dom); $xpath->registerNamespace('ge', 'http://earth.google.com/kml/2.0'); $statusCode = $xpath->query('//ge:Status/ge:code'); if ($statusCode->item(0)->nodeValue == '200') { $pointStr = $xpath->query('//ge:coordinates'); $point = explode(",", $pointStr->item(0)->nodeValue); $lat = $point[1]; $lon = $point[0]; echo '<pre>'; echo 'Lat: '.$lat.', Lon: '.$lon; echo '</pre>'; } ?> Following error has occured: Warning: DOMDocument::load(http://maps.google.com/maps/geo? q=Kolkata%252CIndia%252C%2BON&output=xml&oe=utf8&key=%5BAIzaSyAoPgQlfKsBKQcBGB01cl8KmiPee3SmpU0%5D) [domdocument.load]: failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.0 400 Bad Request in C:\xampp\htdocs\draw\draw.php on line 19 Warning: DOMDocument::load() [domdocument.load]: I/O warning : failed to load external entity "http://maps.google.com/maps/geo?q=Kolkata%252CIndia%252C%2BON&output=xml&oe=utf8&key=%5BAIzaSyAoPgQlfKsBKQcBGB01cl8KmiPee3SmpU0%5D" in C:\xampp\htdocs\draw\draw.php on line 19 Notice: Trying to get property of non-object in C:\xampp\htdocs\draw\draw.php on line 26

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  • Concept: Information Into Memory Location.

    - by Richeve S. Bebedor
    I am having troubles conceptualizing an algorithm to be used to transform any information or data into a specific appropriate and reasonable memory location in any data structure that I will be devising. To give you an idea, I have a JPanel object instance and I created another Container type object instance of any subtype (note this is in Java because I love this language), then I collected those instances into a data structure not specifically just for those instances but also applicable to any type of object. Now my procedure for fetching those data again is to extract the object specific features similar in category to all object in that data structure and transform it into a integer data memory location (specifically as much as possible) or any type of data that will pertain to this transformation. And I can already access that memory location without further sorting or applications of O(n) time complex algorithms (which I think preferable but I wanted to do my own way XD). The data structure is of any type either binary tree, linked list, arrays or sets (and the like XD). What is important is I don't need to have successive comparing and analysis of data just to locate information in big structures. To give you a technical idea, I have to an array DS that contains JLabel object instance with a specific name "HelloWorld". But array DS contains other types of object (in multitude). Now this JLabel object has a location in the array at index [124324] (which is if you do any type of searching algorithm just to arrive at that location is conceivably slow because added to it the data structure used was an array *note please disregard the efficiency of the data structure to be used I just want to explain to you my concept XD). Now I want to equate "HelloWorld" to 124324 by using a conceptually made function applicable to all data types. So that I can do a direct search by doing this DS[extractLocation("HelloWorld")] just to get that JLabel instance. I know this may sound crazy but I want to test my concept of non-sorting feature extracting search algorithm for any data structure wherein my main problem is how to transform information to be stored into memory location of where it was stored.

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  • How to iterate properly across a const set?

    - by Jared
    I'm working on a program that's supposed to represent a graph. My issue is in my printAdjacencyList function. Basically, I have a Graph ADT that has a member variable "nodes", which is a map of the nodes of that graph. Each Node has a set of Edge* to the edges it is connected to. I'm trying to iterate across each node in the graph and each edge of a node. void MyGraph::printAdjacencyList() { std::map<std::string, MyNode*>::iterator mit; std::set<MyEdge*>::iterator sit; for (mit = nodes.begin(); mit != nodes.end(); mit++ ) { std::cout << mit->first << ": {"; const std::set<MyEdge*> edges = mit->second->getEdges(); for (sit = edges.begin(); sit != edges.end(); sit++) { std::pair<MyNode*, MyNode*> edgeNodes = *sit->getEndpoints(); } } std::cout << " }" << std::endl; } getEdges is declared as: const std::set<MyEdge*>& getEdges() { return edges; }; and get Endpoints is declared as: const std::pair<MyNode*, MyNode*>& getEndpoints() { return nodes; }; The compiler error I'm getting is: MyGraph.cpp:63: error: request for member `getEndpoints' in `*(&sit)->std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<_Tp>::operator-> [with _Tp = MyEdge*]()', which is of non-class type `MyEdge* const' MyGraph.cpp:63: warning: unused variable 'edgeNodes' I have figured out that this probably means I'm misusing const somewhere, but I can't figure out where for the life of me. Any information would be appreciated. Thanks!

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  • How can I write simulations in Erlang?

    - by rick
    Hi guys, I want to do some numerical stuff in Erlang like this: You've got an array with the following values: [2,3,4] In each iteration, you calculate 0.1 * [n-1] + 0.7 *[n] + 0.2 * [n+1] This becomes the new [n]. If n == 0 then [n-1] = 0. If [n] == length of array then [n] = 0. So I try an example: [2,3,4] calculations: 0.1 * 0 + 0.7 * 2 + 0.2 * 3 = 2 0.1 * 2 + 0.7 * 3 + 0.2 * 4 = 3.1 0.1 * 3 + 0.7 * 4 + 0.2 * 0 = 3.1 So [2,3,4] becomes to [2, 3.1, 3.1] after one iteration. I know how to write this in a non-functional language like C. But I have difficulties to imagine, how this could be done in Erlang. I found some tutorials on how you read a file to a list. So this is not the problem. How can I spawn different Erlang processes that each process has one element of the list? How can I do calculations by communicating with 'the neighbors', so that the neighbors know where their neigbors are generically, without specifying each? How can I collect the data into a list? Eventually, is it possible to solve that problem in Erlang at all? Thanks for your help.

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  • Storing same type but still getting an ArrayStoreException

    - by Firefoxx Pwnass
    I have strange problem. I have three classes. Book ( abstract ), and two subclasses ( Fiction, Nonfiction). I have created array of Book references. That array can hold both subclasse's objects. I'have following code for Fiction class. public class Fiction extends Book{ public Fiction(String title) { super(title); setPrice(); } public void setPrice() { super.price = 24.99; } } And the "same" code for Nonfiction class public class Nonfiction extends Book{ public Nonfiction(String title) { super(title); setPrice(); } public void setPrice() { super.price = 37.99; } } And this is Main program. import javax.swing.JOptionPane; public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Book[] book = new Fiction[6]; for(int i = 0; i<book.length; i++) { if(i<4) { String title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter fiction book, no "+i); book[i] = new Fiction(title); } else { String title = JOptionPane.showInputDialog("Enter non fiction book, no "+i); book[i] = new Nonfiction(title); } } for(int x = 0; x<book.length; x++) { System.out.println("Book named "+book[x].getTitle()+" costs "+book[x].getPrice()); } } } For any reason i'm getting ArrayStoreException on this line.. book[i] = new Nonfiction(title); But same code works for Fiction class. I checked java documentation and it says that this exception is thrown when i'm trying to store different objects in array ( like String and Int ), but in this case they are all the same objects. Both classes are children of superclass, that means, they are of the same type. I'm confsued. A little help here please?

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  • List all foreign key constraints that refer to a particular column in a specific table

    - by Sid
    I would like to see a list of all the tables and columns that refer (either directly or indirectly) a specific column in the 'main' table via a foreign key constraint that has the ON DELETE=CASCADE setting missing. The tricky part is that there would be an indirect relationships buried across up to 5 levels deep. (example: ... great-grandchild- FK3 = grandchild = FK2 = child = FK1 = main table). We need to dig up the leaf tables-columns, not just the very 1st level. The 'good' part about this is that execution speed isn't of concern, it'll be run on a backup copy of the production db to fix any relational issues for the future. I did SELECT * FROM sys.foreign_keys but that gives me the name of the constraint - not the names of the child-parent tables and the columns in the relationship (the juicy bits). Plus the previous designer used short, non-descriptive/random names for the FK constraints, unlike our practice below The way we're adding constraints into SQL Server: ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserEmailPrefs] WITH CHECK ADD CONSTRAINT [FK_UserEmailPrefs_UserMasterTable_UserId] FOREIGN KEY([UserId]) REFERENCES [dbo].[UserMasterTable] ([UserId]) ON DELETE CASCADE GO ALTER TABLE [dbo].[UserEmailPrefs] CHECK CONSTRAINT [FK_UserEmailPrefs_UserMasterTable_UserId] GO The comments in this SO question inpire this question.

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  • How to mix Grammer (Rules) & Dictation (Free speech) with SpeechRecognizer in C#

    - by Lee Englestone
    I really like Microsofts latest speech recognition (and SpeechSynthesis) offerings. http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms554855.aspx http://estellasays.blogspot.com/2009/04/speech-recognition-in-cnet.html However I feel like I'm somewhat limited when using grammers. Don't get me wrong grammers are great for telling the speech recognition exactly what words / phrases to look out for, however what if I want it to recognise something i've not given it a heads up about? Or I want to parse a phrase which is half pre-determined command name and half random words? For example.. Scenario A - I say "Google [Oil Spill]" and I want it to open Google with search results for the term in brackets which could be anything. Scenario B - I say "Locate [Manchester]" and I want it to search for Manchester in Google Maps or anything else non pre-determined I want it to know that 'Google' and 'Locate' are commands and what comes after it are parameters (and could be anything). Question : Does anyone know how to mix the use of pre-determined grammers (words the speech recognition should recognise) and words not in its pre-determined grammer? Code fragments.. using System.Speech.Recognition; ... ... SpeechRecognizer rec = new SpeechRecognizer(); rec.SpeechRecognized += rec_SpeechRecognized; var c = new Choices(); c.Add("search"); var gb = new GrammarBuilder(c); var g = new Grammar(gb); rec.LoadGrammar(g); rec.Enabled = true; ... ... void rec_SpeechRecognized(object sender, SpeechRecognizedEventArgs e) { if (e.Result.Text == "search") { string query = "How can I get a word not defined in Grammer recognised and passed into here!"; launchGoogle(query); } } ... ... private void launchGoogle(string term) { Process.Start("IEXPLORE", "google.com?q=" + term); }

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  • Undefined Variable? But I defined it...

    - by Rob
    Well before anyone claims that theres a duplicate question... (I've noticed that people who can't answer the question tend to run and look for a duplicate, and then report it.) Here is the duplicate you are looking for: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/2481382/php-claims-my-defined-variable-is-undefined However, this isn't quite a duplicate. It gives me a solution, but I'm not really looking for this particular solution. Here is my problem: Notice: Undefined variable: custom Now here is my code: $headers = apache_request_headers(); // Request the visitor's headers. $customheader = "Header: 7ddb6ffab28bb675215a7d6e31cfc759"; //This is what the header should be. foreach ($headers as $header => $value) { $custom .= "$header: $value"; } Clearly, $custom is defined. According to the other question, it's a global and should be marked as one. But how is it a global? And how can I make it a (non-global)? The script works fine, it still displays what its supposed to and acts correctly, but when I turn on error messages, it simply outputs that notice as well. I suppose its not currently necessary to fix it, but I'd like to anyway, as well as know why its doing this.

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  • Rails 4 testing bug?

    - by Jamato
    Situation: if we add two identic line items into a cart, we update line item quantity instead of adding a duplicate.In browser everything works fine but in unit testing section something fails because of an empty cycle in code. Which I wanted to use to update all prices. Why? Is that a unit test engine bug? LineItem.all and cart.line_items in process of testing produce two DIFFERENT structures. #<LineItem id: 980190964, product_id: 1, cart_id: 999, created_at: "2014-06-01 00:21:28", updated_at: "2014-06-01 00:21:28", quantity: 2, price: #<BigDecimal:ba0fb544,'0.4E1',9(27)>> #<LineItem id: 980190964, product_id: 1, cart_id: 999, created_at: "2014-06-01 00:21:28", updated_at: "2014-06-01 00:21:28", quantity: 1, price: #<BigDecimal:ba0d1b04,'0.4E1',9(27)>> cart.line_items guy did not update quantity Code itself (produces LineItem which is then saved in line_item_controller which calls this method) class Cart < ActiveRecord::Base has_many :line_items, dependent: :destroy def add_product(product_id) # LOOK THIS CYCLE BREAKS UNIT TEST, SRSLY, I MEAN IT line_items.each do |item| end current_item = line_items.find_by(product_id: product_id) fresh_price = Product.find_by(id: product_id).price if current_item current_item.quantity += 1 else current_item = line_items.build(product_id: product_id, price: fresh_price) end return current_item end ... Unit test code test "non-unique item added" do cart = Cart.new(:id => 999) line_item0 = cart.add_product(2) line_item0.save line_item1 = cart.add_product(1) line_item1.save assert_equal 2, cart.line_items.size #success line_item2 = cart.add_product(1) line_item2.save assert_equal 2, cart.line_items.size, "what?" assert cart.total_price > 15 #fail, prices are not enough, quantity of product1 = 1 #we get total price from quantity, it's a simple method in model end And once again: IT DOES WORK in browser as it should. Even with cycle. I feel so dumb right now...

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