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• Should ATI catalyst be installed for sake of openCL?

  - by G Sree Teja Simha

  I have a HP Envy 4 1025tx with Hybrid graphics. Although this is a 64bit system, I've installed 32bit Ubuntu on it for some reasons.(Hybrid graphics don't do well with 64bit Ubuntu.-"Some one on some forum") I had heating problems with the GPU but I've fixed them all with vgaswitcheroo. But now I wanted to use my Blender on my Ubuntu. To my surprise Blender didn't detect the dedicated 7670m card in my machine. I've confirmed with cat /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch Both IGD and DIS were up and running. I dont seem to have libopencl on my /usr/lib even though my synaptic manager says that I have installed it. I'm not quite sure what I've installed. It says that I've installed "ocl-icd-libopencl1". So my question is... Do I have opencl on my system? If not do I have to get propreitary ATI drivers for sake of opencl(fglrx wrecks up my unity totally on my system I need directions to fix it if this is the choice)? Should I get a 64bit Ubuntu installed on this system?

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• Ubuntu 13.04 on UEFI system with Windows Boot Manager as the main loader

  - by Mehrdad

  On my old laptop (legacy BIOS, MBR disk), this was perfectly possible to get working: I turn on the computer and see the Windows Boot Manager I use EasyBCD (or BootPart, or something else) to add an option to the BCD menu which allows me to boot into GRUB, and then into Ubuntu I can't figure how to do this on my new laptop (UEFI, GPT disk), whether in UEFI or legacy mode. Currently I've installed (and even booted!) Ubuntu on my laptop, but only with the help of an external GRUB (on a USB flash drive). How can I add GRUB as an option in the Windows Boot Manager on a UEFI laptop? (No, I don't want to change my primary boot loader. So no, I don't want to overwrite the Windows boot loader with GRUB.)

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• apt-get command problem

  - by Ramesh Khadka

  I am using Ubuntu 12.04 32 bit in hp pavilion dv6 laptop (AMD Processor) after upgrade and reboot, the desktop doesn't start and at cui (cltr + alt + f1) I login to my user and following error shows: apt-config :/lib/i386-linux-gnu/lib.so.6:version 'GLIBC_2.17' NOT FOUND (required by /usr/lib/i386-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6) when I type sudo apt-get command same error shows up and apt-get command doesn't work. All I have is character user interface. please help me.

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• Installing Novell Designer

  - by MaiLo

  i try to install Novell Designer 4.0.1 on Ubuntu. But i get the error message: Preparing to install... Extracting the JRE from the installer archive... Unpacking the JRE... Extracting the installation resources from the installer archive... Configuring the installer for this system's environment... Launching installer... ./install: 2468: exec: /tmp/install.dir.4347/Linux/resource/jre/bin/java: not found What could i do to get the installation working?

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• Windows Defender Update KB915597 (Definition 1.135.415.0)? Killed My Live Discs

  - by user88311

  Here's my problem, for those willing to read for about 2 minutes here's the entire story, http://answers.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/forum/windows_vista-windows_update/bsod-after-windows-defender-update-kb915597/a4b5fca3-0274-47b4-97c4-61b34c4c4599, for those who want the short version here's what happened. After windows update automatically updated windows defender to kb915597, my computer starting getting bsods on shut down and start up and started experiencing problems withe the usb ports. So I decided to go to the microsoft answers site for help, I know that was probably my first mistake, so I followed their advice and they turned my computer into a large paper weight. Luckily I make physical backups of my c drive every few months and I have one from back in july, so I figured I'd boot up a ubuntu live disc, copy all my files from the past 2 months to a external drive and just copy the backup back to the c drive, that's where I ran into this problem. When I put in either a ubuntu or kubuntu disc, everything goes well, until it finishes the loading bar then when the OS would presumably start up, the computer resets, I've tried with ubuntu, kubuntu and gparted, and only gparted is able to get to the point where it starts up, but even then when I try to access the internet from it, the computer resets, and when I tried to copy the entire C drive partition to a blank external I wasn't able to. So I figured somehow maybe the C drive had something to do with it, so I unplugged the C drive so my computer was just a 2.8 ghz processor and 2 gigs of ram, should have had no problem starting a live disc but the problem still continues. After doing some googling around I've found whenever windows gets a update with the title KB915597 it's pretty much the kill switch for windows, I've tried contacting microsoft tech support and even managed to directly contact a software engineer but as soon as I mention KB915597 they all just blew me off. I hope anybody who reads this has any idea how to fix this, I'm going to attempt to install ubuntu or kubuntu to a external drive using the same computer and see what happens now.

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• How to make Ubuntu recognize an unknown external display (so I can adjust its resolution)?

  - by WagnerAA

  I have a Dell laptop with an external monitor attached (a Samsumg SyncMaster 931c). My laptop display was recognized, and I can adjust its optimum resolution. My external display is still unknown, thus I'm stuck at a lower resolution (1024x768): I tried the "Detect Displays" button, but it didn't work, nothing happens. I recently upgraded from Ubuntu 12.04 to 12.10. Things were working before. I don't know if I can actually change this configuration, or if this is a bug. I searched for an answer here and also in Launchpad's website, but found none. I even tried to install Nvidia drivers, and just messed things up. It seems I wasn't even using nvidia before, as I guessed by looking at my additional drivers configuration: My laptop has an Intel chipset, I guess: $ dpkg --get-selections | grep -i -e nvidia -e intel intel-gpu-tools install libdrm-intel1:amd64 install libdrm-intel1:i386 install nvidia-common install xserver-xorg-video-intel install I don't have an xorg.conf file (I think this is nvidia related, am I right?): $ cat /etc/X11/xorg.conf cat: /etc/X11/xorg.conf: No such file or directory $ ls -l /etc/X11/ total 76 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 19 23:41 app-defaults drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Abr 25 2012 cursors -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 18 Abr 25 2012 default-display-manager drwxr-xr-x 4 root root 4096 Abr 25 2012 fonts -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 17394 Dez 3 2009 rgb.txt lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 13 Mai 1 03:33 X -> /usr/bin/Xorg drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Out 19 23:41 xinit drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Jan 23 2012 xkb -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Out 24 08:55 xorg.conf.nvidia-xconfig-original -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 709 Abr 1 2010 Xreset drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 19 10:08 Xreset.d drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 19 10:08 Xresources -rwxr-xr-x 1 root root 3730 Jan 20 2012 Xsession drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Out 20 00:11 Xsession.d -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 265 Jul 1 2008 Xsession.options -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 13 Ago 15 06:43 XvMCConfig -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 601 Abr 25 2012 Xwrapper.config Here is some information I gathered by looking at other related posts: $ sudo lshw -C display; lsb_release -a; uname -a *-display:0 description: VGA compatible controller product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.0 version: 07 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: msi pm vga_controller bus_master cap_list rom configuration: driver=i915 latency=0 resources: irq:48 memory:f6800000-f6bfffff memory:d0000000-dfffffff ioport:1800(size=8) *-display:1 UNCLAIMED description: Display controller product: Mobile 4 Series Chipset Integrated Graphics Controller vendor: Intel Corporation physical id: 2.1 bus info: pci@0000:00:02.1 version: 07 width: 64 bits clock: 33MHz capabilities: pm bus_master cap_list configuration: latency=0 resources: memory:f6100000-f61fffff LSB Version: core-2.0-amd64:core-2.0-noarch:core-3.0-amd64:core-3.0-noarch:core-3.1-amd64:core-3.1-noarch:core-3.2-amd64:core-3.2-noarch:core-4.0-amd64:core-4.0-noarch:cxx-3.0-amd64:cxx-3.0-noarch:cxx-3.1-amd64:cxx-3.1-noarch:cxx-3.2-amd64:cxx-3.2-noarch:cxx-4.0-amd64:cxx-4.0-noarch:desktop-3.1-amd64:desktop-3.1-noarch:desktop-3.2-amd64:desktop-3.2-noarch:desktop-4.0-amd64:desktop-4.0-noarch:graphics-2.0-amd64:graphics-2.0-noarch:graphics-3.0-amd64:graphics-3.0-noarch:graphics-3.1-amd64:graphics-3.1-noarch:graphics-3.2-amd64:graphics-3.2-noarch:graphics-4.0-amd64:graphics-4.0-noarch:printing-3.2-amd64:printing-3.2-noarch:printing-4.0-amd64:printing-4.0-noarch:qt4-3.1-amd64:qt4-3.1-noarch Distributor ID: Ubuntu Description: Ubuntu 12.10 Release: 12.10 Codename: quantal Linux Batcave 3.5.0-17-generic #28-Ubuntu SMP Tue Oct 9 19:31:23 UTC 2012 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux $ xrandr -q Screen 0: minimum 320 x 200, current 2304 x 800, maximum 32767 x 32767 LVDS1 connected 1280x800+0+0 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 286mm x 1790mm 1280x800 59.9*+ 1024x768 60.0 800x600 60.3 56.2 640x480 59.9 VGA1 connected 1024x768+1280+32 (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) 0mm x 0mm 1024x768 60.0* 800x600 60.3 56.2 848x480 60.0 640x480 59.9 DP1 disconnected (normal left inverted right x axis y axis) If there's anything else I can do, any other information I can post here, to help me configure this external display, please let me know. If this is actually a bug, I apologize (I know bugs are not allowed here), but I really wasn't sure. And I will promptly file a bug report in Launchpad if that's the case. Thanks a lot in advance. ;)

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• How to add a link group to update-alternatives?

  - by Kurtosis

  Is it possible to add a custom link group to update-alternatives that is not already there by default? For example, I want to add Scala and all its supporting binaries as a link group 'scala'. I'm trying using this script, but keep getting the error: update-alternatives: error: unknown argument `' I'm not sure what that means, but after troubleshooting the script a bit with no luck, I'm wondering if update-alternatives has a hard-coded list of link groups, that can't be added to, and that doesn't include scala. PS - any chance someone with higher karma can create an update-alternatives tag? Seems this topic gets a decent number of questions, but no tag for it.

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• Network does not connect at boot

  - by Daniel Svozil

  I am on Ubuntu 12.04, fresh install. When I boot a machine, the boot screen says Connecting to network, later it is changed to something like Did not connect, trying for another 60s. However, the network does not connect at the boot. But I can then log in without a network connection, and if I start a network manager service manually from the terminal (sudo service network-manager start), the network is connected without any problems. Please, does anybody know where the problem could be? I don't want to wait more than two minutes every computer restart :-). I am new to Ubuntu (and also to upstart) so I am a bit lost. There is no /var/log/messages, in dmesg I found this record, though it may not be related: init: network-interface (eth1) pre-start process (492) terminated with status 1 init: network-interface (eth1) post-stop process (548) terminated with status 1 Thanks Daniel

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• How to install packages without internet connection

  - by user114874

  I'm just beginner to linux operating system I have following doubts 1.Now i am using ubuntu 10.10 version i dont have net connection in my home So how can i install packages manually for ex: if me and my friend have same version and same hardware config if he installed installed all packages in his laptop can i install all his packages by copy packages from his lap to mine ?? if there is a way then how to do it?? Thx guys in advance..... :)

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• Why is the dash so unresponsive, and is there a way to fix this?

  - by Jon

  I just upgraded to 12.04. When I press the super key to open the dash, there's a lag of 1-3 seconds before it displays, with no other programs running. (This is similar, but not identical, to the issue described in Dash application search unresponsive at startup about 11.10.) At login time, this lag is up to 10 seconds, and sometimes the dash doesn't respond at all to the super key. In contrast, the launcher Kupfer immediately responds to its hotkey, in milliseconds, and responds to my typing an application name also in fractions of a second. Is there a way to load the dash in memory or a RAM disk of some sort to make it more responsive?

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• Brightness not working; HP Pavilion Dv6; ATI Radeon HD6770M

  - by Yogesh Dhamija

  I am new to Ubuntu, but so far I am loving it. I was always unable to change my brightness since I installed Ubuntu, but I figured that installing the latest ATI driver for my graphics card would work. I did, but I still can't change the brightness. The slider goes up and down, but the brightness stays the same (on full). I have switchable graphics, an ATI Radeon HD 6770M, and an Intel integrated GPU. Since I am new to Linux, I am not familiar with terminal, so you will have to spell everything out for me, including if you need more information and how to get it. Thanks.

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• PHP safe_mode is a pain, looking for advice (Ubuntu 12.04 server, public webserver)

  - by user73279

  Maybe askUbuntu isn't the right forum or I haven't provided the right search query but I haven't seen anything in my searching of askUbuntu on PHP safe_mode. I get lots of Windows Safe Mode and Ubuntu Safe Mode results but not PHP safe_mode. So I keep running into one issue after another regarding PHP safe_mode. (I write a lot of my own PHP code for various site maintenance tools and such.) I know safe_mode is going away in the next version of PHP but I still see a fair amount of advice recommending that you leave it enabled. I've recently consolidated from 3 servers down to 1 and at least one of those old servers had safe_mode disabled without any issues. (The lack of issues may have simply been a matter of good luck.) None of the previous 3 gave me this much trouble so I'm guessing so additional php.ini/PHP safe_mode setting was turned on for the new server. I primarily run WordPress for my websites with a few MediaWiki sites sprinkled in. And I am currently running into an issue using WordPress's auto update feature as it doesn't seem to be able to use fopen. WordPress is not relaying the actual error message to me but since I was just able to update the plugins I'm using this is a safe_mode problem. I've had a lot of safe_mode issues since consolidating to this new server. Long story short, the advice I'd seen to use safe_mode was all at least 2 years old. Do I really need it? If I disable PHP safe_mode are there a good set of security measures I should implement - i.e. chmod 640 /var/www/..., add this to your .htaccess, etc - to protect my server/sites? Thanks

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• How to run Android Applications in Eclipse?

  - by Raahul

  my system is Dell Inspiron 15R (N5010) and i am having trouble becuase of 64 bit system. on running Android Application i am getting error: Error executing aapt. Please check aapt is present at /home/rahul/android-sdks/platform-tools/aapt before this error i was getting adb not found error. i tried to install ia32-libs but can't. i also put my question here (How to install ia32-lib on 64 Bit System?) but nothing helped. please help !!

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• Lubuntu: How do I arrange windows with keyboard shortcuts?

  - by iveand

  I have been testing with Lubuntu and have found it really pleasant. However, I cannot find an answer for one essential (for me) feature: being able to arrange windows with keyboard shortcuts. In Ubuntu this is done with the "Grid" plugin in "compizconfig-settings-manager". Unity uses this as well for window arranging. I am not interested in the "drag to the left to take up 1/2 the screen", but rather just the "hit some key combo" to put the active window to the left 1/2 of the screen, for example. I found this entry in "askubuntu" asking a very similar question: Is there a way to make Openbox behave like the Compiz Grid plugin? But it seems the "answer to this question", namely pyTile (http://sourceforge.net/projects/pytile/), doesn't do what I would like it to do. I don't want to tile all current windows, I want to resize one window at a time as I specify (left, right, top, center, bottom, 1/2, 2/3, 1/3, etc.). And I would prefer to do so with the keyboard. I think it possible to install compiz in Lubuntu, but this seems like "overkill" for this one feature (Grid keyboard shortcuts). Any help out there? It would REALLY MAKE MY DAY!!!

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• Messaging indicator does not obey applications-blacklist

  - by user74517

  Since upgrading from 11.10 to 12.04, the microblogging and instant messaging entries have reappeared in the messaging menu. I put symlinks in ~/.config/indicators/messages/applications-blacklist to deactivate empathy evolution gwibber.indicator ubuntuone-control-panel, but this does not seem to have any effect now. How can I remove these entries? I would like to remove the status entries as well, and keep only Thunderbird information.

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• How can I install the latest version of libmtp?

  - by coversnail

  In the latest version of the libmtp library there are fixes for my Android device so I would like to install the latest version I'm just not sure how! I would assume that this would pushed into the official repositories at some point, so the smart advice would probably be just to wait, but I would like to know how to do this myself if anyone could tell me. I'm currently using Ubuntu 12.04 and am running libmtp-1.1.2, the latest version (libmtp-1.1.3) has recently been released and the tar.gz file is downloadable from this direct link: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/libmtp/libmtp/1.1.3/libmtp-1.1.3.tar.gz How do I install this? Thanks for any help.

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• Xorg crash on MSI CX623 notebook

  - by Ek Kosmos

  Hi! I have a MSI CX623 laptop and I have installed the Ubuntu 10.10, x64bit version on it. The problem is after I activated the Nvidia driver from Additional Drivers. After restarting Xorg crashes. This laptop uses the optimus technology of Nvidia, is this supported? The full specification of this laptop are here: http://www.msi.com/product/nb/CX623.html#/?div=Specification How can I solve this problem?

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• How to get a Toshiba L505 to boot USB or CD

  - by ShroudedCloud

  OK, have a Toshiba L505 (not sure of the extended model number) that got a virus on Windows and will no longer will boot into that, so I'm trying to revive it with Ubuntu. Problem is, when I tell it to boot into a USB image of 12.04 32- or 64-bit, 13.04 64-bit, or elementary Luna 32-bit, it gives me some screen with a copyright from 2000 for Intel, invariably spits out a "media not recognized" type of error and then says PXE-ROM exiting. Well, that's annoying. So I went in with a CD (12.04 x86_64 having tried 32-bit in the past as well). Boot menu, select, starts running. Seeing the loading screen for Ubuntu, going well... until it's not. Again, invariably, it fails. The CD drive will cease spinning at around the same time each time and then the laptop will stop doing everything altogether (at least, everything spins down and it goes quiet). As far as I can tell, it's not to do with what function is being loaded from the CD at the time (because that bit is variable). I'd love to be able to boot from USB (since it will be all but required going forward), but getting the CD to work would be wondrous too. Anyone have any ideas of where I can go from here to try to fix this? My friends and I have turned up nothing.

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• Phone pictures not showing in UbuntuOne folder on computer

  - by user34924

  I downloaded the Android app for my phone and set it up to move my pictures from the phone into UbuntuOne. When I go to the UbuntuOne web site the folder shows up and I can view the pictures after I download them. But when I open the UbuntuOne folder on my laptop, the folder with the pictures from my phone isn't listed. How can I get the picture folder to show up in the UbuntuOne folder on my laptop? I was hoping this would be an easy way to get photos from phone to computer.

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• How can I edit my httpd.conf file?

  - by EmmyS

  I have xampp installed, and need to edit my httpd.conf file to add a virtual host block. If I right-click on the file in Nautilus and open with gedit, I can see all the content, but it's read-only. If I try to open it via terminal, like this: esther@estherLinuxSony:~$ sudo gedit opt/lampp/etc/extra/httpd-vhosts.conf It opens the root version of gedit, but there's no content in the file. How can I edit this file?

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• Script / App to unRAR files, and only delete the archives which were sucessfully expanded.

  - by Jeremy

  I have a cron job which runs a script to unrar all files in a certain directory (/rared for argument's sake) and place the expanded files in /unrared. I would like to change this script so that it deletes the original rar archives from /rared only if they successfully extracted. This does not mean that unrar has reported that they have been fully extracted, because I have had data corruption during decompression before. Ideally (pie-in-the-sky, just to give you an idea of what I'm shooting for,) the unrar program would include this functionality, comparing an expected md5sum value with the actual md5sum value and only deleting the archive if they match. I don't mind scripting this entire process if I have to, but there must be a better way than unraring twice and comparing md5sums.

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• I have deleted python files in usr/bin and cant reinstall it

  - by Plonkaa

  I am a novice at Ubuntu and unfortunately i have deleted 3 files in the usr/bin folder python 2.7 python python 2.6 Now my update manager wont work and when i type in python into gnome it says that it is no longer there. Please help me ive tried loads of different things but it just wont work. The closest i got was the following: I typed in sudo apt-get -f install and i thought i had fixed it but then i got a error message - Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following packages were automatically installed and are no longer required: gir1.2-folks-0.6 gir1.2-polkit-1.0 libcogl5 mutter-common gir1.2-json-1.0 libcaribou0 gir1.2-accountsservice-1.0 gir1.2-clutter-1.0 gir1.2-gkbd-3.0 gir1.2-networkmanager-1.0 caribou libcogl-common libmutter0 gir1.2-mutter-3.0 gjs gir1.2-caribou-1.0 libclutter-1.0-0 gir1.2-telepathylogger-0.2 libclutter-1.0-common cups-pk-helper gir1.2-upowerglib-1.0 gir1.2-cogl-1.0 libmozjs185-1.0 gir1.2-telepathyglib-0.12 gir1.2-gee-1.0 libgjs0c gnome-shell-common Use 'apt-get autoremove' to remove them. The following extra packages will be installed: ubuntu-sso-client The following packages will be upgraded: ubuntu-sso-client 1 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 35 not upgraded. 2 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/57.7 kB of archives. After this operation, 16.4 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y Setting up python-minimal (2.7.2-7ubuntu2) ... /var/lib/dpkg/info/python-minimal.postinst: 4: python2.7: not found dpkg: error processing python-minimal (--configure): subprocess installed post-installation script returned error exit status 127 Errors were encountered while processing: python-minimal E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) any advice is appreciated!

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• Unwanted Chinese language got set in system settings

  - by Registered User

  I was discussing on the Ubuntu users list how to type in in Hindi (Indic language) in Libre Office and about a package installation problem. I have made some changes in system settings, following suggestions by some users. However, this morning when I did a reboot I am unable to see English as my default language. My system is showing some Chinese characters which I do not understand. All I wanted was to use Libre Office for a particular document in Hindi. What happened is that even Gmail is opening in Chinese. The system settings folder and others are also opening in Chinese. I am unable to use the system now. I have uploaded the snapshots here: please have a look. Upon a reboot, I was asked to rename all folders. Gmail opening in Chinese This is how menu on my system looks: half English and half Chinese Notice that in the third snapshot the calendar and menu are appearing in Chinese. I want the original US English menus and folder names back. I just wanted to type a document with Lohit Hindi font in Libre Office. I use Ubuntu 11.10. I do not use Unity, only Gnome desktop. I installed gnome-session-fallback a long time back and have been using that ever since. How do I get back to all English submenus and English folder names? I have a US English Keyboard and I use only US English. This thing which is now somehow set is unwanted.

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• Prevent shutdown when rsnapshot is running

  - by highsciguy

  Since shutdowns during rsnapshot operation will lead to inconsistent/partial backups, I wonder how to delay the system shutdown while rsnapshot is active. The task is complicated by the fact that I need a solution which is compatible with non-expert users. I.e. I need to tell reliably to the user that he needs to wait until the process is finished and not to do a hard reset. Once this is the case shutdown should continue. A possible solution could be to replace the action of the window managers (mostly KDE) shutdown/restart/hibernate buttons by a script which first checks if rsync is active and shows a message if this is the case. But I do not know if this is possible in KDE.

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• hdmi audio works only with aplay -D alsa test wavs; open source radeon drivers; kernel 3.5 vgaswitcheroo

  - by user108754

  I've trolled the internets to make hdmi work on my system Ubuntu 12.04 software center kernel 3.5 uname: Linux ubuntu 3.5.0-18-generic #29~precise1-Ubuntu SMP...x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux open source radeon drivers vgaswitcheroo (hybrid intel/radeon gpu): I boot with intel, not radeon, running. (and recall that with kernel 3.5, vgaswitcheroo now gives info on a third item, "DIS-Audio"; it indicates pwr on my system) ( /etc/rc.local: chown user:user /sys/kernel/debug/ # change "username" with your user name echo OFF /sys/kernel/debug/vgaswitcheroo/switch ) grub indeed now has "radeon.audio=1" for testing audio, I did aplay -l which gave me the card and device, which made me try aplay -D plughw:1,3 /usr/share/sounds/alsa/Front_Center.wav and lo! I get crystal clear sound on my hdtv. If I play an mp3 file as the argument to that command, I get noise as, I guess, aplay interprets the mp3 code as a wav. If I play a .wav that is not in the /usr/share/sounds/alsa/ directory, I get nothing. Internet flash video in browser plays no sound over hdmi. Both system sounds control and pavucontrol have hdmi cedar selected. Alas, I can not get sound for any gui test (left, right). Why would only aplay, and only when directed with "-D plughw", yield sound over hdmi? I've also tried only using one sound program at a time, if it was a limitation of alsa, so I tried aplay with web browser and even the sound control gui closed. I tried each of the last two, running alone. No improvement. alsamixer only shows hda intel and I think it's only the intel audio, not the hdmi.

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