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• PostgreSQL: performance descrease due to index bloatper

  - by Henry-Nicolas Tourneur

  I'm running a PgSQL 8.1 on a CentOS 4.4 system (not upgradable unfortunately). There's a Java app running on top of the PgSQL daemon and we got to reindex the database every 2 months or so. Also important: the database isn't growing. It looks like the bloat is now coming faster than before and this tends to increase. My config is available here, autovacuum daemon is enabled and running quite often: pastebin.com/RytNj7dK You can also find the output of this query wiki.postgresql.org/wiki/Show_database_bloat 3 hours after running reindex: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=75fybKyd 72 hours after running reindex: http://pastebin.com/raw.php?i=89VKd7PC Does anyone have any idea what should I tweak to get rid of that growing bloat? Thanks for your help PS: due to antispam prevention system, I had to remove the first 2 http:// prefixes for my two first links.

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• "Are You There?".. India Tops Logistics List of Emerging Nations

  - by [email protected]

  It's just amazing how far, wide and deep modern supply chains are extending. AMR reported on 15 Apr (M.Burkett, A.Reese) in a SCM webcast that 'Penetrating Emerging Markets" was the top priotiy for organizations based on a recent survey. I took this as both adding new consumers to their prospect-list as well as leveraging 'lower cost labor arbitrage". (Read '3 Billion Capitalists") Supply Chain Quarterly reports that India and Brazil received the highest ranking of the logistics markets in developing nations India tops the list of emerging nations that scores the attractiveness of logistics markets to foreign investors. Developed by the UK-based research firm Transport Intelligence, the new  Emerging Market Logistics Index rated 38 developing countries on 3 factors. 1. "Market size and growth attractiveness," considered a country's economic output, projected growth rate, and population size.  2. "Market compatibility," which examined how well-matched a nation was with the services offered by global logistics providers. This includes a country's security levels, market accessibility, foreign direct investment, distribution of wealth and population, and development of its service sector. 3. "Connectedness," which rated the efficiency of customs and border controls, liner shipping connections, and transportation infrastructure. India claimed the top spot due to its market size and growth prospects. Brazil is second because of its economic performance, good levels of market accessibility, and improving domestic and international transport connections. Are you there? For more information see www.transportintelligence.com/articles_papers. The top 10 emerging countries India Brazil Indonesia Mexico Russia Turkey United Arab Emirates Egypt Saudi Arabia Malaysia Source: Transport Intelligence, The Emerging Markets Logistics Index, March 2010

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• python: os.system does not execute shell comand

  - by capoluca

  I need to execute shell command in python program (I have ubuntu). More specifically I want to create graph using graphviz in python script. My code is os.system("dot -Tpng graph.dot -o graph.png") It does not work, but if I just type dot -Tpng graph.dot -o graph.png in command line then everything is fine. Do you know what the problem? Thank you! Edit: Does not work means that nothing happens, there are no errors. Output from dot -v -Tpng graph.dot -o graph.png: dot - graphviz version 2.26.3 (20100126.1600) Activated plugin library: libgvplugin_pango.so.6 Using textlayout: textlayout:cairo Activated plugin library: libgvplugin_dot_layout.so.6 Using layout: dot:dot_layout Using render: cairo:cairo Using device: png:cairo:cairo The plugin configuration file: /usr/lib/graphviz/config6 was successfully loaded. render : cairo dot fig gd map ps svg tk vml vrml xdot layout : circo dot fdp neato nop nop1 nop2 osage patchwork sfdp twopi textlayout : textlayout device : canon cmap cmapx cmapx_np dot eps fig gd gd2 gif gv imap imap_np ismap jpe jpeg jpg pdf plain plain-ext png ps ps2 svg svgz tk vml vmlz vrml wbmp x11 xdot xlib loadimage : (lib) eps gd gd2 gif jpe jpeg jpg png ps svg

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• CentOS listen to everything on the wire

  - by Poni

  I know there's a native command on linux that will output (to stdout) every "event" related to a certain network interface (be it eth0 etc'). Like there's tail -f <file> to listen on file changes.. I just can't find it. I want to see all events, incoming packets, even dropped ones. At lowest level possible. In every protocol (TCP, UDP etc'). I think WireShark is a bit too big for this as I need something very simple just to see the events, it's for testing. What's the command?

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• Recording Skype Video

  - by Leah Peterson

  I have two problems - When doing a Skype video call, I can't see the other person. Skype says both my input and output are fast/good. I need a good recording program that will save both sides at once in a podcast. I've been playing around with Vodburner, but it seems to be very temperamental. I can't get anything longer than 30 seconds to save and even when if it does save, the file isn't compatible with Windows Live Movie Maker, even when I change the extension to .MP4 or .WMV. I tried to downlowd the format changer http://www.mediacoderhq.com/ that Vodburner suggests, but only got errors. I'm using Windows 7 with 62 GB free.

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• rsync to windows (cygwin)

  - by abergmeier

  We have a windows file storage (don't ask) and now I want to rsync with the machine from Windows, Mac and Linux. So I installed freeSSHd (login shell is set to C:/cygwin64/bin/sh.exe), set up certificates and testing from Linux the test.dat has 0 bytes: ssh myuser@winmachinename "C:/cygwin64/bin/true.exe" > test.dat Even double checking with actual output works fine: ssh myuser@winmachinename "C:/cygwin64/bin/ls.exe" > test.dat Now, when I call rsync: rsync --progress -avz -e ssh myuser@winmachinename:/c/Users ~/test it fails with: protocol version mismatch -- is your shell clean? (see the rsync man page for an explanation) rsync error: protocol incompatibility (code 2) at compat.c(174) [Receiver=3.1.0] As far as reading the docs, this should not happen, when the first test is successful!? I am by now out of ideas - any recommendations how to debug this? EDIT: | OS | rsync version | |:--------------|:------------------------------------------| | Windows | rsync version 3.0.9 protocol version 30 | | Linux | rsync version 3.1.0 protocol version 31 |

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• Arch Linux Terminal (via ssh) + Dropbox but sync only 1 single selected folder

  - by Norfeldt

  Sorry for the weird title... I'm (still) quite new to linux and are doing shh commands to an Arch Linux device that has not screen output options. So everything has to be done in the terminal (not my super element). I use the linux device to play around with python (which is quite fun). Now I would like sync my script folder with dropbox. Since I don't have enought space to sync all my dropbox files to the device, I would like to know how I can set it up in a way that it only syncs with the folder I choose. At the time being I have not installed dropbox because I'm afraid that it will immediately begin to sync all my dropbox folders onto my linux device. BONUS INFO: I already have created a folder in my dropbox that I that contains some py scripts I would like to have synced with my linux device.

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• SQL SERVER – Weekly Series – Memory Lane – #034

  - by Pinal Dave

  Here is the list of selected articles of SQLAuthority.com across all these years. Instead of just listing all the articles I have selected a few of my most favorite articles and have listed them here with additional notes below it. Let me know which one of the following is your favorite article from memory lane. 2007 UDF – User Defined Function to Strip HTML – Parse HTML – No Regular Expression The UDF used in the blog does fantastic task – it scans entire HTML text and removes all the HTML tags. It keeps only valid text data without HTML task. This is one of the quite commonly requested tasks many developers have to face everyday. De-fragmentation of Database at Operating System to Improve Performance Operating system skips MDF file while defragging the entire filesystem of the operating system. It is absolutely fine and there is no impact of the same on performance. Read the entire blog post for my conversation with our network engineers. Delay Function – WAITFOR clause – Delay Execution of Commands How do you delay execution of the commands in SQL Server – ofcourse by using WAITFOR keyword. In this blog post, I explain the same with the help of T-SQL script. Find Length of Text Field To measure the length of TEXT fields the function is DATALENGTH(textfield). Len will not work for text field. As of SQL Server 2005, developers should migrate all the text fields to VARCHAR(MAX) as that is the way forward. Retrieve Current Date Time in SQL Server CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, GETDATE(), {fn NOW()} There are three ways to retrieve the current datetime in SQL SERVER. CURRENT_TIMESTAMP, GETDATE(), {fn NOW()} Explanation and Comparison of NULLIF and ISNULL An interesting observation is NULLIF returns null if it comparison is successful, whereas ISNULL returns not null if its comparison is successful. In one way they are opposite to each other. Here is my question to you - How to create infinite loop using NULLIF and ISNULL? If this is even possible? 2008 Introduction to SERVERPROPERTY and example SERVERPROPERTY is a very interesting system function. It returns many of the system values. I use it very frequently to get different server values like Server Collation, Server Name etc. SQL Server Start Time We can use DMV to find out what is the start time of SQL Server in 2008 and later version. In this blog you can see how you can do the same. Find Current Identity of Table Many times we need to know what is the current identity of the column. I have found one of my developers using aggregated function MAX () to find the current identity. However, I prefer following DBCC command to figure out current identity. Create Check Constraint on Column Some time we just need to create a simple constraint over the table but I have noticed that developers do many different things to make table column follow rules than just creating constraint. I suggest constraint is a very useful concept and every SQL Developer should pay good attention to this subject. 2009 List Schema Name and Table Name for Database This is one of the blog post where I straight forward display script. One of the kind of blog posts, which I still love to read and write. Clustered Index on Separate Drive From Table Location A table devoid of primary key index is called heap, and here data is not arranged in a particular order, which gives rise to issues that adversely affect performance. Data must be stored in some kind of order. If we put clustered index on it then the order will be forced by that index and the data will be stored in that particular order. Understanding Table Hints with Examples Hints are options and strong suggestions specified for enforcement by the SQL Server query processor on DML statements. The hints override any execution plan the query optimizer might select for a query. 2010 Data Pages in Buffer Pool – Data Stored in Memory Cache One of my earlier year article, which I still read it many times and point developers to read it again. It is clear from the Resultset that when more than one index is used, datapages related to both or all of the indexes are stored in Memory Cache separately. TRANSACTION, DML and Schema Locks Can you create a situation where you can see Schema Lock? Well, this is a very simple question, however during the interview I notice over 50 candidates failed to come up with the scenario. In this blog post, I have demonstrated the situation where we can see the schema lock in database. 2011 Solution – Puzzle – Statistics are not updated but are Created Once In this example I have created following situation: Create Table Insert 1000 Records Check the Statistics Now insert 10 times more 10,000 indexes Check the Statistics – it will be NOT updated Auto Update Statistics and Auto Create Statistics for database is TRUE Now I have requested two things in the example 1) Why this is happening? 2) How to fix this issue? Selecting Domain from Email Address This is a straight to script blog post where I explain how to select only domain name from entire email address. Solution – Generating Zero Without using Any Numbers in T-SQL How to get zero digit without using any digit? This is indeed a very interesting question and the answer is even interesting. Try to come up with answer in next 10 minutes and if you can’t come up with the answer the blog post read this post for solution. 2012 Simple Explanation and Puzzle with SOUNDEX Function and DIFFERENCE Function In simple words - SOUNDEX converts an alphanumeric string to a four-character code to find similar-sounding words or names. DIFFERENCE function returns an integer value. The  integer returned is the number of characters in the SOUNDEX values that are the same. Read Only Files and SQL Server Management Studio (SSMS) I have come across a very interesting feature in SSMS related to “Read Only” files. I believe it is a little unknown feature as well so decided to write a blog about the same. Identifying Column Data Type of uniqueidentifier without Querying System Tables How do I know if any table has a uniqueidentifier column and what is its value without using any DMV or System Catalogues? Only information you know is the table name and you are allowed to return any kind of error if the table does not have uniqueidentifier column. Read the blog post to find the answer. Solution – User Not Able to See Any User Created Object in Tables – Security and Permissions Issue Interesting question – “When I try to connect to SQL Server, it lets me connect just fine as well let me open and explore the database. I noticed that I do not see any user created instances but when my colleague attempts to connect to the server, he is able to explore the database as well see all the user created tables and other objects. Can you help me fix it?” Importing CSV File Into Database – SQL in Sixty Seconds #018 – Video Here is interesting small 60 second video on how to import CSV file into Database. ColumnStore Index – Batch Mode vs Row Mode Here is the logic behind when Columnstore Index uses Batch Mode and when it uses Row Mode. A batch typically represents about 1000 rows of data. Batch mode processing also uses algorithms that are optimized for the multicore CPUs and increased memory throughput. Follow up – Usage of $rowguid and $IDENTITY This is an excellent follow up blog post of my earlier blog post where I explain where to use $rowguid and $identity.  If you do not know the difference between them, this is a blog with a script example. Reference: Pinal Dave (http://blog.sqlauthority.com) Filed under: Memory Lane, PostADay, SQL, SQL Authority, SQL Query, SQL Server, SQL Tips and Tricks, T SQL, Technology

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• How do I connect to my running VM via virsh?

  - by Avery Chan

  My VM has already been started via virsh start chameleon.ootbdev. When I do a virsh console chameleon.ootbdev I get the following output: Connected to domain chameleon.ootbdev Escape character is ^] error: internal error cannot find character device (null) Doing a google search on this led me to this "solution". Unfortunately, editing the domain via virsh edit chameleon.ootbdev doesn't seem to stick. I suspect the issue is that I'm inserting the XML incorrectly: the instructions from the link ask me to insert the following XML into the domain XML file. <serial type='pty'> <target port='0'/> </serial> <console type='pty'> <target type='serial' port='0'/> </console> I've posted my domain XML file to pastebin here. This is AFTER I've tried to insert the above XML. I inserted this XML after the </devices> block. My primary question is: How do I connect to the running VM? A secondary question would be: How do I edit the domain file with the above XML and get the changes to stick?

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• Why class 'SQLiteDatabase' is not found in /var/www/*.php?

  - by Roman

  I am trying to use sqlite from PHP. I have the following simple code: <?php $db = new SQLiteDatabase("test2.sdb"); unset($db); ?> As the result of this code (which I execute in the command line "php test2.php") I get: Fatal error: Class 'SQLiteDatabase' not found in /var/www/test2.php on line 3 Does anybody know how can I make PHP able to use sqlite? P.S. Here I found out that "SQLite support is enabled by default on a standard Linux PHP compilation starting with PHP 5.0." And I have "PHP Version = 5.2.6-2ubuntu4.6". So, sqlite should be enabled unless the "--disable-sqlite". In my case output of "phpinfo();" does not contain "sqlite" at all.

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• no disk space, cant use internet

  - by James

  after trying to install drivers using sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade, im faced with a message saying no space left on device, i ran disk usage analyzer as root and there was three folders namely, main volume, home folder, and my 116gb hard drive (which is practically empty) yet both other folders are full, which is stopping me installing drivers because of space, how do i get ubuntu to use this space on my hard drive? its causing problems because i cant gain access to the internet as i cant download drivers when i havnt got enough space, this happens every time i try it sudo fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 120.0GB, 120034123776 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 14593 cylinders, total 234441648 sectors Units = sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x0003eeed Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 2048 231315455 115656704 83 Linux /dev/sda2 231317502 234440703 1561601 5 Extended /dev/sda5 231317504 234440703 1561600 82 Linux swap / solaris Output of df -h df: '/media/ubuntu/FB18-ED76': No such file or directory Filesysytem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /cow 751M 751M 0 100% / udev 740M 12K 740M 1% /dev tmpfs 151M 792K 150M 1% /run /dev/sr0 794M 794M 0 100% /cdrom /dev/loop0 758M 758M 0 100% /rofs none 4.0K 0 4.0K 0% /sys/fs/cgroup tmpfs 751M 1.4M 749M 1% /tmp none 5.0M 4.0K 5.0M 1% /run/lock none 751M 276K 751M 1% /run/shm none 100M 40K 100M 1% /run/user

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• iptables port forwarding troubleshooting

  - by cbmanica

  I'm trying to forward connections on port 18600 to port 9980. I have this in /etc/sysconfig/iptables: # Generated by iptables-save v1.3.5 on Mon Oct 21 18:30:43 2013 *nat :PREROUTING ACCEPT [2:280] :POSTROUTING ACCEPT [12:768] :OUTPUT ACCEPT [12:768] -A PREROUTING -p tcp -m tcp --dport 18600 -j REDIRECT --to-ports 9980 COMMIT # Completed on Mon Oct 21 18:30:43 2013 and /etc/init.d/iptables status shows me this: Table: nat Chain PREROUTING (policy ACCEPT) num target prot opt source destination 1 REDIRECT tcp -- 0.0.0.0/0 0.0.0.0/0 tcp dpt:18600 redir ports 9980 However, I can telnet from localhost to port 9980, but not 18600. What am I missing? (This is a CentOS-based VM.)

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• Perl - can't flush STDOUT or STDERR

  - by Jim Salter

  Perl 5.14 from stock Ubuntu Precise repos. Trying to write a simple wrapper to monitor progress on copying from one stream to another: use IO::Handle; while ($bufsize = read (SOURCE, $buffer, 1048576)) { STDERR->printflush ("Transferred $xferred of $sendsize bytes\n"); $xferred += $bufsize; print TARGET $buffer; } This does not perform as expected (writing a line each time the 1M buffer is read). I end up seeing the first line (with a blank value of $xferred), and then the 7th and 8th lines (on an 8MB transfer). Been pounding my brains out on this for hours - I've read the perldocs, I've read the classic "Suffering from Buffering" article, I've tried everything from select and $|++ to IO::Handle to binmode (STDERR, "::unix") to you name it. I've also tried flushing TARGET with each line using IO::Handle (TARGET-flush). No dice. Has anybody else ever encountered this? I don't have any ideas left. Sleeping one second "fixes" the problem, but obviously I don't want to sleep a second every time I read a buffer just so my progress will output on the screen! FWIW, the problem is exactly the same whether I'm outputting to STDERR or STDOUT.

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• bash : "set -e" and check if a user exists make script exit

  - by Dahmad Boutfounast

  i am writing a script to install a program with bash, i want to exit on error so i added "set -e" in the beginning of my script. the problem is that i have to check if a user exists inside of my script, to do this i am using "grep "^${USER}:" /etc/passwd", if the user exists, the script runs normally, but if the user doesn't exist, this command exists, and i don't want to exit on this case (i have to create the user and continue my installation). so what's the solution to make my script continue running ?? i tried to redirect the output of "grep" to a variable, but i still have the same problem :( thanks.

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• Can the NVIDIA ION chipset handle streaming and gaming reasonable well?

  - by true_gritt

  I'm considering getting a small-footprint "nettop" computer to use as a home theater PC with my Samsung LN40A550 HDTV. I've been looking at systems like the AS Rock ION HT330, the Acer AspireRevo 3610, or the Asus EeeBox PC EB1501. These are all systems with NVIDIA ION chipset (Intel Atom N330 dual core CPU + NVIDIA GeForce 9400 GPU). Is the NVIDIA ION chipset powerful enough to support media streaming at HD resolutions (e.g. via Boxee, Hulu, Netflix) and casual gaming (e.g. World of Warcraft, Madden NFL) reasonably well without herky-jerky video output?

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• Recover RAID 5 data after created new array instead of re-using

  - by Brigadieren

  Folks please help - I am a newb with a major headache at hand (perfect storm situation). I have a 3 1tb hdd on my ubuntu 11.04 configured as software raid 5. The data had been copied weekly onto another separate off the computer hard drive until that completely failed and was thrown away. A few days back we had a power outage and after rebooting my box wouldn't mount the raid. In my infinite wisdom I entered mdadm --create -f... command instead of mdadm --assemble and didn't notice the travesty that I had done until after. It started the array degraded and proceeded with building and syncing it which took ~10 hours. After I was back I saw that that the array is successfully up and running but the raid is not I mean the individual drives are partitioned (partition type f8 ) but the md0 device is not. Realizing in horror what I have done I am trying to find some solutions. I just pray that --create didn't overwrite entire content of the hard driver. Could someone PLEASE help me out with this - the data that's on the drive is very important and unique ~10 years of photos, docs, etc. Is it possible that by specifying the participating hard drives in wrong order can make mdadm overwrite them? when I do mdadm --examine --scan I get something like ARRAY /dev/md/0 metadata=1.2 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b name=<hostname>:0 Interestingly enough name used to be 'raid' and not the host hame with :0 appended. Here is the 'sanitized' config entries: DEVICE /dev/sdf1 /dev/sde1 /dev/sdd1 CREATE owner=root group=disk mode=0660 auto=yes HOMEHOST <system> MAILADDR root ARRAY /dev/md0 metadata=1.2 name=tanserv:0 UUID=f1b4084a:720b5712:6d03b9e9:43afe51b Here is the output from mdstat cat /proc/mdstat Personalities : [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid1] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10] md0 : active raid5 sdd1[0] sdf1[3] sde1[1] 1953517568 blocks super 1.2 level 5, 512k chunk, algorithm 2 [3/3] [UUU] unused devices: <none> fdisk shows the following: fdisk -l Disk /dev/sda: 80.0 GB, 80026361856 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 9729 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000bf62e Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sda1 * 1 9443 75846656 83 Linux /dev/sda2 9443 9730 2301953 5 Extended /dev/sda5 9443 9730 2301952 82 Linux swap / Solaris Disk /dev/sdb: 750.2 GB, 750156374016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 91201 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000de8dd Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdb1 1 91201 732572001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdc: 500.1 GB, 500107862016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 60801 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00056a17 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdc1 1 60801 488384001 8e Linux LVM Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x000ca948 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdd1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/dm-0: 1250.3 GB, 1250254913536 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 152001 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/dm-0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0x93a66687 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sde1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes 255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 121601 cylinders Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 512 bytes / 512 bytes Disk identifier: 0xe6edc059 Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System /dev/sdf1 1 121601 976760001 fd Linux raid autodetect Disk /dev/md0: 2000.4 GB, 2000401989632 bytes 2 heads, 4 sectors/track, 488379392 cylinders Units = cylinders of 8 * 512 = 4096 bytes Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 512 bytes I/O size (minimum/optimal): 524288 bytes / 1048576 bytes Disk identifier: 0x00000000 Disk /dev/md0 doesn't contain a valid partition table Per suggestions I did clean up the superblocks and re-created the array with --assume-clean option but with no luck at all. Is there any tool that will help me to revive at least some of the data? Can someone tell me what and how the mdadm --create does when syncs to destroy the data so I can write a tool to un-do whatever was done? After the re-creating of the raid I run fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 and here is the output root@tanserv:/etc/mdadm# fsck.ext4 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Superblock invalid, trying backup blocks... fsck.ext4: Bad magic number in super-block while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 Per Shanes' suggestion I tried root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# mkfs.ext4 -n /dev/md0 mke2fs 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) Filesystem label= OS type: Linux Block size=4096 (log=2) Fragment size=4096 (log=2) Stride=128 blocks, Stripe width=256 blocks 122101760 inodes, 488379392 blocks 24418969 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user First data block=0 Maximum filesystem blocks=0 14905 block groups 32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group 8192 inodes per group Superblock backups stored on blocks: 32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 102400000, 214990848 and run fsck.ext4 with every backup block but all returned the following: root@tanserv:/home/mushegh# fsck.ext4 -b 214990848 /dev/md0 e2fsck 1.41.14 (22-Dec-2010) fsck.ext4: Invalid argument while trying to open /dev/md0 The superblock could not be read or does not describe a correct ext2 filesystem. If the device is valid and it really contains an ext2 filesystem (and not swap or ufs or something else), then the superblock is corrupt, and you might try running e2fsck with an alternate superblock: e2fsck -b 8193 <device> Any suggestions? Regards!

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• How can I free up disk space in my Ubuntu Hardy Heron install?

  - by rvs

  I'd like to make some room on /dev/sda1 without necessarily having to remove a whole bunch of applications (I've already gone through and deleted all frivolous apps). This is the state of /dev/sda1 currently: Dir: / Type: ext3 Total: 9.4GiB Free: 488.6MiB Available: 0bytes Used: 8.9GiB EDIT added du output from comments below: 769068 /var/lib/mysql 351208 /usr/lib 297060 /usr/local/bin/eclipse/plugins 184124 /usr/bin 175924 /usr/lib/openoffice/program 143940 /usr/local/bin/eclipsePHP/plugins 92520 /boot 81200 /opt/android-sdk-linux/add-ons/google_apis-6_r01/images 79964 /opt That's funny, because the tables in /var/lib/mysql are the reason that I ran out in the first place. But I need them, and room for many more possibly large db's.

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• How to add timestamp to the logfilename with the apache log4j

  - by swati

  Hello Everyone, I am new to using apache logger . I have downloaded the log4j-xx and i have the following text configuration file # Set root logger level to DEBUG and its only appender to mainFormat. log4j.rootLogger = TRACE, mainFormat, FILE # mainFormat is set to be a ConsoleAppender. log4j.appender.mainFormat=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender # mainFormat uses PatternLayout. log4j.appender.mainFormat.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.mainFormat.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n #File makes a file of the output. log4j.appender.FILE=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender log4j.appender.FILE.File=log4j_HAPR001_OutputFile.log log4j.appender.FILE.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout log4j.appender.FILE.layout.ConversionPattern=%d [%t] %-5p %c - %m%n i use the above config file to create the log file. Now i wanted to add the current time stamp to the log file. Is there any way to do this. If yes can some one please give me the instructions how to do. Thanks in advance. Regards, Swati

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• Cannot install extensions required for GNOME Shell themes

  - by Soham Chowdhury

  I keep getting this output: soham@fortress:~$ sudo apt-get install gnome-shell-extensions gnome-tweak-tool Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done gnome-tweak-tool is already the newest version. The following NEW packages will be installed: gnome-shell-extensions 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 43 not upgraded. 1 not fully installed or removed. Need to get 0 B/121 kB of archives. After this operation, 849 kB of additional disk space will be used. Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y (Reading database ... 179291 files and directories currently installed.) Unpacking gnome-shell-extensions (from .../gnome-shell-extensions_3.4.1~git20120508.dfd7191a-0ubuntu1~12.04~ricotz0_all.deb) ... dpkg: error processing /var/cache/apt/archives/gnome-shell-extensions_3.4.1~git20120508.dfd7191a-0ubuntu1~12.04~ricotz0_all.deb (--unpack): trying to overwrite '/usr/share/locale/lv/LC_MESSAGES/gnome-shell-extensions.mo', which is also in package gnome-shell-extensions-common 3.2.0-0ubuntu1~oneiric1 No apport report written because MaxReports is reached already dpkg-deb: error: subprocess paste was killed by signal (Broken pipe) Errors were encountered while processing: /var/cache/apt/archives/gnome-shell-extensions_3.4.1~git20120508.dfd7191a-0ubuntu1~12.04~ricotz0_all.deb E: Sub-process /usr/bin/dpkg returned an error code (1) Update: Fixed that. Now GNOME Tweak Tool shows me an exclamation mark beside the extension enable button, saying "Extension doesn't support shell version". My GNOME shell is already the latest version. Help!

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• windows 7 sound stopped working out of nowhere

  - by jeff

  hi, i have had windows 7 installed for a few months, working fine with soundblaster xi around 7p was watching youtube videos with sound went and made dinner around 9p came back, realized there was no sound coming out of speakers, even though windows mixer shows sound output restarted, no sound uninstalled driver, restarted had windows search for driver, it installed, windows mixer showed sound bar moving while playing an mp3 but couldn't hear i've tested with speakers plugged into soundblaster, as well as headphones plugged into the audio port on the front of my computer. what could have happened? what could the solution be? EDIT wow, check out the crazy similarities between my post and this one: (the solution didn't solve my issue) http://superuser.com/questions/56450/why-would-sound-suddenly-stop-working-on-windows-7/92957#92957

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• High-Level Application Architecture Question

  - by Jesse Bunch

  So I'm really wanting to improve how I architect the software I code. I want to focus on maintainability and clean code. As you might guess, I've been reading a lot of resources on this topic and all it's doing is making it harder for me to settle on an architecture because I can never tell if my design is the one that the more experienced programmer would've chosen. So I have these requirements: I should connect to one vendor and download form submissions from their API. We'll call them the CompanyA. I should then map those submissions to a schema fit for submitting to another vendor for integration with the email service provider. We'll call them the CompanyB. I should then submit those responses to the ESP (CompanyB) and then instruct the ESP to send that submitter an email. So basically, I'm copying data from one web service to another and then performing an action at the latter web service. I've identified a couple high-level services: The service that downloads data from CompanyA. I called this the CompanyAIntegrator. The service that submits the data to CompanyB. I called this CompanyBIntegrator. So my questions are these: Is this a good design? I've tried to separate the concerns and am planning to use the facade pattern to make the integrators interchangeable if the vendors change in the future. Are my naming conventions accurate and meaningful to you (who knows nothing specific of the project)? Now that I have these services, where should I do the work of taking output from the CompanyAIntegrator and getting it in the format for input to the CompanyBIntegrator? Is this OK to be done in main()? Do you have any general pointers on how you'd code something like this? I imagine this scenario is common to us engineers---especially those working in agencies. Thanks for any help you can give. Learning how to architect well is really mind-cluttering.

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• Turn off Windows Defender on your builds

  - by george_v_reilly

  I've spent some time this evening profiling a Python application on Windows, trying to find out why it was so much slower than on Mac or Linux. The application is an in-house build tool which reads a number of config files, then writes some output files. Using the RunSnakeRun Python profile viewer on Windows, two things immediately leapt out at me: we were running os.stat a lot and file.close was really expensive. A quick test convinced me that we were stat-ing the same files over and over. It was a combination of explicit checks and implicit code, like os.walk calling os.path.isdir. I wrote a little cache that memoizes the results, which brought the cost of the os.stats down from 1.5 seconds to 0.6. Figuring out why closing files was so expensive was harder. I was writing 77 files, totaling just over 1MB, and it was taking 3.5 seconds. It turned out that it wasn't the UTF-8 codec or newline translation. It was simply that closing those files took far longer than it should have. I decided to try a different profiler, hoping to learn more. I downloaded the Windows Performance Toolkit. I recorded a couple of traces of my application running, then I looked at them in the Windows Performance Analyzer, whereupon I saw that in each case, the CPU spike of my app was followed by a CPU spike in MsMpEng.exe. What's MsMpEng.exe? It's Microsoft's antimalware engine, at the heart of Windows Defender. I added my build tree to the list of excluded locations, and my runtime halved. The 3.5 seconds of file closing dropped to 60 milliseconds, a 98% reduction. The moral of this story is: don't let your virus checker run on your builds.

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• Slow dvd burning/reading speeds: how to solve

  - by wouter205

  I have a problem on which I'm struggling since i started using linux a year ago on my desktop, but still haven't found a solution for it. When reading or burning a dvd, the speeds are very slow (mostly under 1x) whilst I did selected the fastest speed in k3b. As such, it takes up to 40-50 minutes to burn one dvd! I read about enabling dma this post but it didn't help. This is the output for dmesg | grep -i dma > [ 0.000000] DMA 0x00000010 -> 0x00001000 [ 0.000000] DMA32 0x00001000 -> 0x00100000 [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 56 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 5 pages reserved [ 0.000000] DMA zone: 3921 pages, LIFO batch:0 [ 0.000000] DMA32 zone: 3527 pages used for memmap [ 0.000000] DMA32 zone: 254441 pages, LIFO batch:31 [ 0.000000] Policy zone: DMA32 [ 0.120356] pnp 00:01: [dma 4] [ 0.120968] pnp 00:05: [dma 2] [ 0.121421] pnp 00:06: [dma 3] [ 0.122617] pnp 00:0b: [dma 0 disabled] [ 0.852321] ata1: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xec00 ctl 0xe480 bmdma 0xe000 irq 19 [ 0.852325] ata2: SATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0xe400 ctl 0xe080 bmdma 0xe008 irq 19 [ 0.861633] ata3: PATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x1f0 ctl 0x3f6 bmdma 0xff00 irq 14 [ 0.861636] ata4: PATA max UDMA/133 cmd 0x170 ctl 0x376 bmdma 0xff08 irq 15 [ 1.329411] ata1.00: ATA-7: Maxtor 6V250F0, VA111630, max UDMA/133 [ 1.345418] ata1.00: configured for UDMA/133 [ 1.820606] ata4.00: ATAPI: PHILIPS DVDR1660P1, P1.3, max UDMA/33 [ 1.820610] ata4.00: WARNING: ATAPI DMA disabled for reliability issues. It can be enabled [ 1.820613] ata4.00: WARNING: via pata_ali.atapi_dma modparam or corresponding sysfs node. [ 1.836681] ata4.00: configured for UDMA/33 [ 12.296600] parport0: PC-style at 0x378 (0x778), irq 7, dma 3 [PCSPP,TRISTATE,COMPAT,EPP,ECP,DMA] reading the third and fourth last line, I assume there is indeed a problem with dma? edit: this question still is not solved. Could anyone come up with an other solution please? Thanks

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• How to make other computers connected to my workgroup able to browse my web server via my private local domain www.mydomain.local?

  - by Motivated Student

  Background I have a broadband connection. The fiber optic cable running from outside to my building is connected to a converter unit. The output of the converter is connected to a router. The router also provides 8 LAN ports to which the computers are connected. Shortly speaking, all computers are interconnected in a workgroup as opposed to a domain. My computer hosts an IIS web server using a private or local domain name www.mydomain.local. I has added 127.0.0.1 www.mydomain.local to the hosts file in the server C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc so I can browse the site from within the server. So far so good. How to make other computers connected to my workgroup able to browse my web server via my private local domain www.mydomain.local? Note: Again, I am a newbie. I have no idea what I should do next.

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• Code Measuring and Metrics Tools?

  - by David

  I'm in the process of setting up a build server for personal projects. This server will handle all the normal CI stuff, including running large suites of tests (unit, integration, automated UI). While I'm working out the kinks for including code coverage output with MSTest, it occurs to me that there may be lots of tools out there which give me additional metrics other than just code coverage. FxCop comes to mind as an example. Though I'm sure there are others. Anything that can generate useful reportable data and metrics would be good. Whether it's class dependency charts (looking for Law of Demeter violations, for example), analyses of the uses of classes/functions (looking for a function that isn't used in the system other than just the tests, for example), and so on. I'm not sure the right way to formulate the question, since polling questions or "What's your favorite code analysis tool" aren't very good. But I'm essentially just looking for recommendations on what metrics to gather and the tools that can gather them. The eventual vision for something like this is to have the CI server run a bunch of automated tests and analysis tools and track performance metrics over time. Imagine a dashboard full of graphs plotting these metrics over time. The lines should all relatively be at an equilibrium, and if one starts to stray toward the negative then it's an early indication of problems with the code. In the age old struggle to quantify code quality with management, this sounds like a potentially helpful means of doing just that.

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