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• lxterminal not working

  - by Dora

  My Lxterminal is not working. Here's some background: A few days ago I wanted to configure the keyboard layouts for my Lubuntu 11.10 for English and Romanian. You can find a deetailed description of what I did here: http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?p=11793260 So, it worked for a few days. Today it stopped working again. So I started reading forums again. I tried to follow this forum: Switching keyboard layouts in Lubuntu 11.10 so I went up in the terminal, went into the .bashrc file and added this sudo tee -a /etc/xdg/lxsession/Lubuntu/autostart right after this: setxkbmap -layout "us,ro(winkeys)" -option "grp:ctrl_shift_toggle" Then pressed Ctrl+X and Enter. Almost at the same time I installed some system updates. A few minutes later I wanted to use the terminal again, and this is what happens: [sudo] password for dora: I type in the password but nothing happens. Also, whatever other command I try to type, it just gets returned. No errors messages, nothing. Please help. PS: Funnily, I just noticed that I am now able to type in Romanian again!

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• Proper XAML for Windows 8 Applications [closed]

  - by Jaapjan

  Traditionally, my programs do their work in the background and when I do have to make an interface for some reason, they often do not need to be complex which means I can use a simple Windows Forms or console application. But lets be honest-- Windows Forms? That is so ... ancient! Instead I have been looking at Windows 8. A new interface, different, maybe better-- but fun to give a try. Which means XAML. Now, XAML isn't all that hard in concept. Panel here, button there-- A smattering of XML. My question in short: Where can I find resources that teach me how to write good XAML code for Windows 8 applications? The long version: How do I combine XAML constructs to achieve effects? Horizontal panels with multiple sections you can scroll through with your finger, the proper way? How should you use default style resources Windows 8 might give you by default? How do I properly create a panel with user info on the right? Left aligned stackpanels with embedded dockpanels? Yes? No? Why?

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• Is there a schematic overview of Ubuntu's architecture?

  - by joebuntu

  Hi there, as enthusiastic, advanced Linux learner, I'd love to get an overview about Linux' architecure/structure in general. You know, like "the big picture". I'm thinking of a large schematic graphic showing what is what, who is who, what system (e.g. X) comprises which subsystems (GDM/Gnome/Compiz) on the way from a to z, from boot to interactive desktop, including the most important background services (auth, network, cron, ...). Maybe a bit like this: http://www.flickr.com/photos/pgc/140859386/ but way more detailed. There's bootchart, which produces very comprehensive charts, but they again are too detailed and difficult to get the "big picture" from. Is there such a thing? Possibly not for the whole System, but maybe for single subsystems? I had trouble searching for this, because using search terms like "scheme" or "architecture" pointed to the wrong direction (a tool called "scheme" or CAD software for linux). I appreciate any links. If there's interest in those schematic overviews and links, maybe someone could turn this post into a wiki post? Cheers, joebuntu

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• SDL_DisplayFormat works, but not SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha

  - by Bounderby

  The following code is intended to display a green square on a black background. It executes, but the green square does not show up. However, if I change SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha to SDL_DisplayFormat the square is rendered correctly. So what don't I understand? It seems to me that I am creating *surface with an alpha mask and I am using SDL_MapRGBA to map my green color, so it would be consistent to use SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha as well. (I removed error-checking for clarity, but none of the SDL API calls fail in this example.) #include <SDL.h> int main(int argc, const char *argv[]) { SDL_Init( SDL_INIT_EVERYTHING ); SDL_Surface *screen = SDL_SetVideoMode( 640, 480, 32, SDL_HWSURFACE | SDL_DOUBLEBUF ); SDL_Surface *temp = SDL_CreateRGBSurface( SDL_HWSURFACE, 100, 100, 32, 0, 0, 0, ( SDL_BYTEORDER == SDL_BIG_ENDIAN ? 0x000000ff : 0xff000000 ) ); SDL_Surface *surface = SDL_DisplayFormatAlpha( temp ); SDL_FreeSurface( temp ); SDL_FillRect( surface, &surface->clip_rect, SDL_MapRGBA( screen->format, 0x00, 0xff, 0x00, 0xff ) ); SDL_Rect r; r.x = 50; r.y = 50; SDL_BlitSurface( surface, NULL, screen, &r ); SDL_Flip( screen ); SDL_Delay( 1000 ); SDL_Quit(); return 0; }

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• Understanding interfaces [closed]

  - by user985482

  Possible Duplicate: When to use abstract classes instead of interfaces and extension methods in C#? Why are interfaces useful? What is the point of an interface? What other reasons are there to write interfaces rather than abstract classes? What is the point of having every service class have an interface? Is it bad habit not using interfaces? I am reading Microsoft Visual C# 2010 Step by Step which I feel it is a very good book on introducing you to the C# language. I have just finished reading a chapter on interfaces and although I understood the syntax of creating and using interfaces I have trouble of understanding the point on why should I use them? Correct me If I am wrong but in an interface you can only declare methods names and parameters.The body of the method should be declared in the class that inherits the interface. So in this case why should I declare an interface if I am going to declare the entire method in the class that inherits that interface? What is the point? Does this have something to do with the fact that a class can inherit multiple interfaces?

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• Interaction between two Clouds

  - by user7969

  I have setup the Cloud-A with 1 - [CLC+CC] and 2 - [NC] computers. I have another Cloud-B with same configuration. [using the Ubuntu Enterprise Cloud] Both of them working fine individually, in the same LAN. Now if I want to add the NC of Cloud-A to CC of Cloud-B, [in case the resources of Cloud-B are exhausted] how can I make it possible ? I guess this calls for the interoperability stuff... Could you please explain what happens exactly when we ask for instance, the direct interaction happens between the client and NC or it goes through the CLC and CC ? What I want to say is, say there are multiple cloud providers. A user is subscribed to any one of them, say Cloud-A for IaaS. As the requirements are dynamic, all the resources of Cloud-A may get exhausted. There may be another Cloud-B which can provide the services but that Cloud-A can't ask the client to go for Cloud-B. So if it is possible to have some co-ordination between this two providers to share resources mutually, making client fully unaware of whats going on in the background....? Please reply.. I am sorry if I'm doing mistake anywhere... Thanks in advance :)

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• installing linux froom usb pen drive

  - by zulu

  I'm new to Linux. I'm using Ubuntu 11.04. Now i want to install Ubuntu 12.04 . I got an ISO image of Ubuntu 12.04 Desktop. I put this image in to a pen drive which is formated,set the boot option boot from usb but nothing happened . I searched this over the net and on Ubuntu website but nobody has given the complete steps . someone say u can install from the Ubuntu also ,someone says u can do a fresh installation from usb pen drive u need to make you pen drive bootable etc. etc. . My problem is that i don't know the exact steps how ton install Ubuntu from usb pen drive? All I want to do is to completely remove my Ubuntu 11.04 and install Ubuntu 12.04 from usb pen-drive. Can any body tell me how to make a pen drive bootable ? How to install Ubuntu 12.04 from pen-drive? Please give me a step by step procedure. please explain me how to do it step by step . Thanx in advance

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• protected abstract override Foo(); &ndash; er... what?

  - by Muljadi Budiman

  A couple of weeks back, a co-worker was pondering a situation he was facing.  He was looking at the following class hierarchy: abstract class OriginalBase { protected virtual void Test() { } } abstract class SecondaryBase : OriginalBase { } class FirstConcrete : SecondaryBase { } class SecondConcrete : SecondaryBase { } Basically, the first 2 classes are abstract classes, but the OriginalBase class has Test implemented as a virtual method.  What he needed was to force concrete class implementations to provide a proper body for the Test method, but he can’t do mark the method as abstract since it is already implemented in the OriginalBase class. One way to solve this is to hide the original implementation and then force further derived classes to properly implemented another method that will replace it.  The code will look like the following: abstract class OriginalBase { protected virtual void Test() { } } abstract class SecondaryBase : OriginalBase { protected sealed override void Test() { Test2(); } protected abstract void Test2(); } class FirstConcrete : SecondaryBase { // Have to override Test2 here } class SecondConcrete : SecondaryBase { // Have to override Test2 here } With the above code, SecondaryBase class will seal the Test method so it can no longer be overridden.  Then it also made an abstract method Test2 available, which will force the concrete classes to override and provide the proper implementation.  Calling Test will properly call the proper Test2 implementation in each respective concrete classes. I was wondering if there’s a way to tell the compiler to treat the Test method in SecondaryBase as abstract, and apparently you can, by combining the abstract and override keywords.  The code looks like the following: abstract class OriginalBase { protected virtual void Test() { } } abstract class SecondaryBase : OriginalBase { protected abstract override void Test(); } class FirstConcrete : SecondaryBase { // Have to override Test here } class SecondConcrete : SecondaryBase { // Have to override Test here } The method signature makes it look a bit funky, because most people will treat the override keyword to mean you then need to provide the implementation as well, but the effect is exactly as we desired.  The concepts are still valid: you’re overriding the Test method from its original implementation in the OriginalBase class, but you don’t want to implement it, rather you want to classes that derive from SecondaryBase to provide the proper implementation, so you also make it as an abstract method. I don’t think I’ve ever seen this before in the wild, so it was pretty neat to find that the compiler does support this case.

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• How can I go about learning to write a shader

  - by Donutz

  So here's the background: I'm writing a game, just for my own amusement and education really. I've already come to the conclusion that XNA was the way to go for graphics, I've bought a couple of books, I've gotten basic game graphics going, and that's great. Now I'm starting to get a little in-depth and I'm starting to need to do stuff not covered in my (beginner) books. In particular, I need to display a sprite using a mask. Actually, what I need to do is display a generic sprite with a different color for each player. After banging around on the web, it seems the way to go is to have a color texture (one for each player) which I display using the mask, then display the generic part of the sprite. This has to be done dynamically, i.e. at runtime because there are too many sprites to keep in memory if I try to generate all the permutations at startup. So, I need to use a shader. Fine. I've downloaded a sample shader program, and managed to hit it with a hammer until it does something close enough to what I want so that I know I'm on the right track. And here, we come to my problem... I have no friggin' clue what I'm doing. While there are a lot of samples and such about shaders, no one ever actually explains what's going on. For instance, I can't find any real docs on Tex2D. I feel like the guys in Zoolander poking at the computer. So, my question (yes, I have a question) -- where is a good URL or what is a good book to take me from dumskie to reasonably competent to write a basic shader?

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• Running Outlook from VB with multiple email addresses [migrated]

  - by Mac

  I am sending emails from my VB6 system and I am having problems with sending a single email to various email addresses. The code is as follows: On Error Resume Next Err.Clear Set oOutLookObject = CreateObject("Outlook.Application") If Err <> 0 Then MsgBox "Email error. Err = " & Err & " Description = " & Err.Description EmailValid = "N" Exit Function End If Set oEmailItem = oOutLookObject.CreateItem(0) If Err <> 0 Then MsgBox "Email error. Err = " & Err & " Description = " & Err.Description EmailValid = "N" Exit Function End If With oEmailItem .Recipients.Add (SMRecipients) .Subject = SMSubject .Importance = IMPORTANCENORMAL .Body = SMBody For i = 1 To 10 If RTrim(SMAttach(i)) <> "" Then .attachments.Add SMAttach(1) 'i) Else Exit For End If Next i .send End With If Err <> 0 Then MsgBox "Email error. Err = " & Err & " Description = " & Err.Description EmailValid = "N" Exit Function End If ''' .Attachments.Add ("c:\temp\test2.txt") Set oOutLookObject = Nothing I have set SMRecipients to a single email address and it is fine but when I add more addresses seperated by semicolons or spaces it only sends to the original address. My system runs under XP. Another point is that it use to find the addresses in the Outlook Address book and where they wetre not specific enough it would display the matching addresses for selection of the correct one. It no longer does this.

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• What are the advantages to use vector-based fonts over bitmap fonts in (2d) games?

  - by jmp97

  I know that many games are using bitmap fonts. Which are the advantages for vector-based font rendering / manipulation when compared to bitmap fonts and in which scenarios would they matter the most? Prefer a focus on 2d games when answering this question. If relevant, please include examples for games using either approach. Some factors you might consider: amount of text used in the game scaling of text overlaying glyphs and anti-aliasing general rendering quality font colors and styling user interface requirements localisation / unicode text wrapping and formatting cross-platform deployment 2d vs 3d Background: I am developing a simple falling blocks game in 2d, targeted for pc. I would like to add text labels for level, score, and menu buttons. I am using SFML which uses FreeType internally, so vector-based features are easily available for my project. In my view, font sizes in simple games often don't vary, and bitmap fonts should be easier for cross-platform concerns (font-formats and font rendering quality). But I am unsure if I am missing some important points here, especially since I want to polish the looks of the final game.

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• Storing large array of tiles, but allowing easy access to data

  - by Cyral

  I've been thinking about this for a while. I have a 2D tile bases platformer in XNA with a large array of tile data, I've been running into memory problems with large maps. (I will add chunks soon!) Currently, Each tile contains an Item along with other properties like how its rotated, if it has forground / background, etc. An Item is static and has properties like the name, tooltip, type of item, how much light it emits, the collision it does to player, etc. Examples: public class Item { public static List<Item> Items; public Collision blockCollisionType; public string nameOfItem; public bool someOtherVariable,etc,etc public static Item Air public static Item Stone; public static Item Dirt; static Item() { Items = new List<Item>() { (Stone = new Item() { nameOfItem = "Stone", blockCollisionType = Collision.Solid, }), (Air = new Item() { nameOfItem = "Air", blockCollisionType = Collision.Passable, }), }; } } Would be an Item, The array of Tiles would contain a Tile for each point, public class Tile { public Item item; //What type it is public bool onBackground; public int someOtherVariables,etc,etc } Now, Most would probably use an enum, or a form of ID to identify blocks. Well my system is really nice just to find out about an item. I can simply do tiles[x,y].item.Name To get the name for example. I realized my Item property of the tile is over 1000 Bytes! Wow! What I'm looking for is a way to use an ID (Int or byte depending on how many items) instead of an Item but still have a method for retreiving data about the type of item a tile contains.

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• What's the right/standard way of achieving separation of concerns?

  - by Ghanima

  Some background: I want to start developing games, and taking some of the advice given in this site, I've started with something simple and familiar, such as pong, tetris, etc. I want to take as much time as needed to make sure that I have the basics right before moving on to something bigger. I have medium programming experience but I realize making games is a different thing. I find myself wondering many things like should this be in a separate class? Should this module handle this stuff or is it better to let other modules have that kind of functionality? For example, the bouncing of a ball in pong, right now is handled in the ball module, but maybe it's better that some other module did it. Right now I have different modules: one for the graphics, one for the game logic, and others for the objects (depending on the kind of movement required, not all the objects are alike). I know I am asking a lot, any tips you have will be very much appreciated. Short question: What's the right or standard way of separating the modules? What have you found most effective? Is it enough to just keep the drawing (graphics) and the logic separate? Is it necessary to have a lot of classes? (for example for the objects in the game, to handle the movement, etc)

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• Is there any CSS selector to reach an element outside of the current container?

  - by acidrums4

  (And excuse me for my bad english, for starters...) Sorry if this is a noob question, but I really don't know if the following is possible. I'm doing a html5 portfolio. I'm following a tuto from codrops to visually filter works with only css3 (http://tympanus.net/codrops/2012/01/09/filter-functionality-with-css3/). There, user can select which category want to see with some <input type="radio">'s. But those selectors are under the same container (a <section>) and give visibility for the elements via CSS using a general sibling combinator (~). So in that example, the CSS code goes like this: .ff-container input.ff-selector-type-all:checked ~ label.ff-label-type-all, .ff-container input.ff-selector-type-1:checked ~ label.ff-label-type-1, .ff-container input.ff-selector-type-2:checked ~ label.ff-label-type-2, .ff-container input.ff-selector-type-3:checked ~ label.ff-label-type-3{ background: linear-gradient(top, #646d93 0%,#7c87ad 100%); color: #424d71; text-shadow: 0px 1px 1px rgba(255,255,255,0.3); box-shadow: 0px 0px 0px 1px #40496e, 0 1px 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1) inset; } The thing is I want to put those <input type="radio">'s on the <head> section of my portfolio, but obviously the ~ selector won't work there. So my question is that is there any selector, hack or something that can do that? Something like .ff-container input.ff-selector-type-all:checked $ header > label.ff-label-type-all { awesomeness:100%; } I really don't want to use Javascript/Jquery for that... Thank you so much in advance!

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• Unable to make sound play in headset

  - by user50849

  Top right, I click the sound icon, select sound settings, and connect my USB-headset. I can them see the headset being detected as it pops up in the menu. I click it, and expect the currently played audio to get sent to the headset instead. My problem is that it does not. The audio keeps playing through the built-in speakers. More info: The icon for my built-in card in the sound settings is a circuit with a note symbol on top. The symbol for the headset is just black background with a "No" symbol on it. Might mean it doesn't work somehow. I installed pavucontrol, and notice that no second sound card shows up in there. When connecting, the syslog says Jun 20 09:38:46 yuna kernel: [40144.553431] usb 2-1.2: new full-speed USB device number 11 using ehci_hcd Jun 20 09:38:46 yuna kernel: [40144.650609] input: C-Media USB Headphone Set as /devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2/2-1.2:1.3/input/input20 Jun 20 09:38:46 yuna kernel: [40144.650895] generic-usb 0003:0D8C:000C.000B: input,hidraw0: USB HID v1.00 Device [C-Media USB Headphone Set ] on usb-0000:00:1d.0-1.2/input3 Jun 20 09:38:46 yuna mtp-probe: checking bus 2, device 11: "/sys/devices/pci0000:00/0000:00:1d.0/usb2/2-1/2-1.2" Jun 20 09:38:46 yuna mtp-probe: bus: 2, device: 11 was not an MTP device

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• How to set permalink of your blog post according to date and title of post?

  - by Amit

  I am having this website http://www.finalyearondesk.com . My blogs post link are set like this.. http://www.finalyearondesk.com/index.php?id=28 . I want it to set like this ... finalyearondesk.com/2011/09/22/how-to-recover-ubuntu-after-it-is-crashed/ . I am using the following function to get these posts... function get_content($id = '') { if($id != ""): $id = mysql_real_escape_string($id); $sql = "SELECT * from blog WHERE id = '$id'"; $return = '<p><a href="http://www.finalyearondesk.com/">Go back to Home page</a></p>'; echo $return; else: $sql = "select * from blog ORDER BY id DESC"; endif; $res = mysql_query($sql) or die(mysql_error()); if(mysql_num_rows($res) != 0): while($row = mysql_fetch_assoc($res)) { echo '<h1><a href="index.php?id=' . $row['id'] . '">' . $row['title'] . '</a></h1>'; echo '<p>' . "By: " . '<font color="orange">' . $row['author'] . '</font>' . ", Posted on: " . $row['date'] . '<p>'; echo '<p>' . $row['body'] . '</p><br />'; } else: echo '<p>We are really very sorry, this page does not exist!</p>'; endif; } Any suggestions how to do this? And can we do this by using .htaccess?

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• Ubuntu 12.10 wont boot

  - by John Mark High

  im new to using Ubuntu and just bought a HP Pavilion g6-2240sa with windows 8 pre installed. I made a bootable USB with Ubuntu on it and installed alsongside windows, for 2 days it worked fine, I got into Ubuntu by doing an advanced restart from windows 8 and then booting Ubuntu from the partition it made. When i did the advanced restart today there was only 1 HDD i could select ( there were 3 before windows, a restore partition that was already there when i got the computer and Ubuntu) so i booted from the USB again and re-installed Ubuntu. then did an advanced restart and the 3 partitions where there again, i booted from Ubuntu and now heres my problem. I get the Ubuntu background when its loading then its just a black screen with some writing, its not on long enough to read, then just a black screen with a white _ and the top left corner that does nothing, i have to restat the computer and it auto boots into windows 8. im a little confused as the first time i installed Ubuntu it worked fine until the partition dissaperd), the second time i installed i did everything the same except it found the old Ubuntu so i reinstalled it and now is donst work.

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• Launcher sometimes appears while full screen in VM (virtaulbox) - how to stop it?

  - by frumbert

  Launcher is great, and it helps me finds stuff. I have the latest release of 12. But when I'm full screen in VirtualBox running another operating system and I hit some key combination I haven't yet figured out, Laucher suddenly grabs keyboard focus. It might be alt-tab, it might be left-control x. I have physically pulled both the windows key and FN key off my laptop because they get in the way, so it's probably not the windows key. You don't know the focus has been stolen because the full screen app (VirtualBox) is still full screen and launcher is in the background. But you're busy typing into a laucher search box, not your foreground application. This is particularly annoying. In my screenshot (taken from a camera, because the built in screen capture program can't capture a screenshot containing the launcher...) the windows VM is the foreground application, but the launcher has come up and is capturing the keyboard: http://imgur.com/SrMRr I would like a foreground full screen app to stay that way. Is there a way that I can keep the launcher but only have it activate (e.g. pop out with its search box) if I physically click the button, not type some random key combination that foreground applications can get confused about? Otherwise I can do without the launcher, because doing my actual work is more involved than just launching programs.

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• Rendering 8 bit graphics

  - by Matjaz Muhic

  I have a strong programming background just not from game development. I only made some pong and snake in high school and I did some OpenGL in college. I want to make my own game engine. Nothing fancy just a simple 2D game engine. But because I'm kinda old school and feeling retro. I want graphics to look like old 8 bit games (megaman, contra, super mario, ...). So how were the old games made back then? I want the simplest approach. Were they also using assets (images) like newer engines now do? How do you achieve this kind of rendering using OpenGL? Keep in mind. Simplest solution. I want to know how it was made back then and how I can replicate that. Doesn't even have to be OpenGL. I can draw on window canvas. I do want to make it from scratch basically.

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• At the Java DEMOgrounds - ZeroTurnaround and its LiveRebel 2.5

  - by Janice J. Heiss

  At the ZeroTurnaround demo, I spoke with Krishnan Badrinarayanan, their Product Marketing Manager. ZeroTurnaround, the creator of JRebel and LiveRebel, describes itself on their site as a company “dedicated to changing the way the world develops, tests and runs Java applications."“We just launched LiveRebel 2.5 today,” stated Badrinarayanan, “which enables companies to embrace the concept and practice of continuous delivery, which means having a pipeline that takes products right from the developers to an end-user, faster, more frequently -- all the while ensuring that it’s a quality product that does not break in production. So customers don’t feel the discontinuity that something has changed under them and that they can’t deal with the change. And all this happens while there is zero down time.”He pointed out that Salesforce.com is not useable from 3 a.m. to 5 a.m. on Saturday because they are engaged in maintenance. “With LiveRebel 2.5, you can unify the whole delivery chain without having any downtime at all,” he said. “There are many products that tell customers to take their tools and change how they work as an organization so that you they have to conform to the way the tool prescribes them to work as an application team. We take a more pragmatic approach. A lot of companies might use Jenkins or Bamboo to do continuous integration. We extend that. We say, take our product, take LiveRebel okay, and integrate it with Jenkins – you can do that quickly, so that, in half a day, you will be up and running. And let LiveRebel automate your deployment processes and all the automated tasks that go with it. Right from tests to the staging environment to production -- all with zero downtime and with no impact on users currently using the system.” “So if you were to make the update right now and you had 100 users on your system, they would not even know this was happening. It would maintain their sessions and transfer them over to the new version, all in the background.”

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• Printer Canon MP540 succesfully added finally but doesn't print? (Attached Debug log)

  - by NES

  i tried to setup my printer in Ubuntu 10.10. I had to use special guide to install because Canon used libcupsys2 in its packages and ubuntu expects libscupsys i followed this guide in reference to this advice. The first problem was this one (the ubuntu "add printer dialog asked for root credentials". The suggested workarout in Launchpad to create a root password worked. Now i added the printer. It's available for printing. Then i got an error message "cups insecure filter" which prevented me from printing. That could be solved by setting the need root rights in the /usr/lib/cups/filter/ directory. The error message disappeared after restarting cups service. Now it should work but it doesn't. The main problem is now, the printer seems to be proper setup but when i try to print a document, the printer icon appears for short time in gnomepanel. There's a printing job in Queue which got completed, but the printer doesn't print. I attached the Debuglog provided by printer error control, had to upload to another site, since it was to big in the question body here. Perhaps someone can identify the problem with it? Note: i know that it once worked fine with an older release of Ubuntu, but not sure which version this was.

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• When using MVVM, should you create new viewmodels, or swap out the models?

  - by ConditionRacer

  Say I have a viewmodel like this: public class EmployeeViewModel { private EmployeeModel _model; public Color BackgroundColor { get; set; } public Name { get { return _model.Name; } set { _model.Name = value; NotifyPropertyChanged(Name); } } } So this viewmodel binds to a view that displays an employee. The thing to think about is, does this viewmodel represent an employee, or a "displayable" employee. The viewmodel contains some things that are view specific, for instance the background color. There can be many employees, but only one employee view. With this in mind, when changing the displayed employee, does it make sense to create a new EmployeeViewModel and rebind to the view, or simply swap out the EmployeeModel. Is the distinction even important, or is it a matter of style? I've always leaned toward creating new viewmodels, but I am working on a project where the viewmodels are created once and the models are swapped out. I'm not sure how I feel about this, though it seems to work fine.

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• Why don't my Fn keys work for brightness or media after upgrading?

  - by Adina G

  I recently upgraded from 11.04 to 11.10. After the upgrade, I can no longer adjust the screen brightness or the volume using keyboard (before the upgrade, using Fn+F4, Fn+F11, etc. worked). Using Fn+F2 to disable wireless still works, so I guess the Fn key itself is being recognised. I tried to follow the instructions here, but I don't have a file in /etc/X11 called xorg.conf. I also tried following this workaround, but it had no noticeable effect. I've also tried going to Settings ? Keyboard ? Shortcuts and reassigning the brightness and volume controls, both to the default keys and to new combinations. These changes don't have an effect even after rebooting. Googling has found bug reports where pressing the media keys brings up a "no entry sign" rather than changing the volume. When I press the keys there's no response at all. I've also seen various people say a workaround is to have totem running in the background; this doesn't work for me either. Finally, I tried installing keytouch; I was able to install keytouch-editor but got the message "Unable to locate package keytouch". Any more ideas? I'd be very grateful if anyone could help me (even by pointing to a thread I've missed)!

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• Best way to protect website application code

  - by Gaz_Edge

  Background I have a web application that I host on my own server. I have clients who use the application as is, but some have asked if they can host the application on their own server. This enables them to have their own URLS rather than mine. The application only forms part of their website so I'm assuming it will not be possible for my server to respond to a direct call to their domain etc To give some examples, i currently have urls like www.mydomain.com/profile, www.mydomain.com/index.php?option=someoption&view=someview&id=1 What my clients' want is www.theirdomian.com/profile, www.theirdomian.com/index.php?option=someoption&view=someview&id=1 etc Question My question is, what is the best way for me to allow them to use their own URLs with my application, without giving them all the backend source code and databases to install on their server? One way I thought would be to create a router.php file that sits on their server. The router then asks my server to output the html. The router modifies all the links etc in the html source and outputs the new html through the clients server. When a link is clicked on the clients site, the router receives the request and modifies the url to get the data from my server etc. Is this an effective way to achieve what I want, or is it way off the mark.

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• Domain model integration using JSON capable DTOs

  - by g-makulik

  I'm a bit confused about architectural choices for the java/web-applications world. The background is I have a system with certain hardware components (that introduce system immanent active behavior) and a configuration database for system meta and HW-components configuration data (these are even usually self contained, since the HW-components persist configuration data anyway). For realization of the configuration/status data exchange protocol with the HW-components we have chosen the Google Protobuf format, which works well for the directly wired communication with these components. Now we want to develop an abstract model (domain model) for those HW-components and I have the feeling that a plain Java class model would fit best for this (c++ implementation seems to have too much implementation/integration overhead with viable language-bridge interfaces). Google Protobuf message definitions could still serve well to describe DTO objects used to interact with a domain model API. But integrating Google Protobuf messages client side for e.g. data binding in the current view doesn't seem to be a good choice. I'm thinking about some extra serialization features, e.g. for JSON based data exchange with the views/controllers. Most lightweight solutions seem to involve a python based presentation layer using JSON based data transfer (I'm at least not sure to be fully informed about this). Is there some lightweight (applicable for a limited ARM Linux platform) framework available, supporting such architecture to realize a web-application?

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