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• Disk is apparently in use by the system

  - by Shaun

  I've just fitted two disks to my home server. I'm trying to format and then raid them but I'm getting a problem that hours of Googling hasn't resolved this. The error that I'm getting is: # mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1 mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006) /dev/sdb1 is apparently in use by the system; will not make a filesystem here! # df -h Filesystem Size Used Avail Use% Mounted on /dev/sda1 4.0G 1.9G 2.0G 49% / none 380M 0 380M 0% /dev/shm /opt/xensource/packages/iso/XenCenter.iso 51M 51M 0 100% /var/xen/xc-install # mount -t ext3 /dev/sdb1 /mnt/b mount: /dev/sdb1 already mounted or /mnt/b busy I'm new to this and it's got me beat. I wouldn't ask if I hadn't done my research first. Thanks.

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• Remote Desktop Connection over VPN on mac

  - by Diego Faria

  I'm trying to connect to a Windows computer on over a VPN connection using Remote Desktop connection. I opened Network on mac and created a new connection. Interface: VPN. VPN Type: PPTP. I filled the inputs for server address, account name, password and applied. I connect the VPN and it connects. I open Remote Desktop Connection and put the IP of the machina i want to connect but it dont connect, a problem occurs saying that the machina may be turned off and etc. But in a windows machine I can connect there and the machine is up and running. On my mac I ping to the ip address that a want to connect and it has no response. I think that the vpn have a problem, is there a way for me to certificate that i am on the vpn network ? Whats going on?

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• Earmarks of a Professional PHP Programmer

  - by Scotty C.

  I'm a 19 year old student who really REALLY enjoys programming, and I'm hoping to glean from your years of experience here. At present, I'm studying PHP every chance I get, and have been for about 3 years, although I've never taken any formal classes. I'd love to some day be a programmer full time, and make a good career of it. My question to you is this: What do you consider to be the earmarks or traits of a professional programmer? Mainly in the field of PHP, but other, more generalized qualifications are also more than welcome, as I think PHP is more of a hobbyist language and may not be the language of choice in the eyes of potential employers. Please correct me if I'm wrong. Above all, I don't want to wast time on something that isn't worth while. I'm currently feeling pretty confident in my knowledge of PHP as a language, and I know that I could build just about anything I need and have it "work", but I feel sorely lacking in design concepts and code structure. I can even write object oriented code, but in my personal opinion, that isn't worth a hill of beans if it isn't organized well. For this reason, I bought Matt Zandstra's book "PHP Objects, Patterns, and Practice" and have been reading that a little every day. Anyway, I'm starting to digress a little here, so back to the original question. What advice would you give to an aspiring programmer who wants to make an impact in this field? Also, on a side note, I've been working on a project with a friend of mine that would give a fairly good idea of where I'm at coding wise. I'm gonna give a link, I don't want anyone to feel as though I'm pushing or spamming here, so don't click it if you don't want to. But if you are interested on giving some feedback there as well, you can see the code on github. I'm known as The Craw there. https://github.com/PureChat/PureChat--Beta-/tree/

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• Will proprietary software-based sound enhancements work with Ubuntu? (BeatsAudio, Dolby)

  - by LiveWireBT

  This question is targeted at mainstream or gamer-grade software-based audio/sound enhancements, found in highly integrated computing and entertainment systems like laptops, tablets and smartphones. These are mostly marketed with fancy badges of known audio-releated brands on the product or packaging, while being mostly uncertain about the actual implementation or components used and poorly differentiated from the general audio capabilities of the system or device. This question is not about actual hardware like speakers. If your headphones are not properly detected, your speakers are assigned wrong, work partially or not at all then your soundcard or chip is not properly detected and you should take a look at troubleshooting audio issues. This question is also not about enthusiast or recording-grade hardware like recording interfaces, amplifiers and DACs in a variety of formfactors. And this question is also not about audio encoding and playback of different audio formats like Dolby Digital, Dolby TrueHD and DTS. Most of these may be subject to patents and licensing, see restricted formats. If you are just searching for an equalizer, please take a look at this question: Is there any Sound enhancers/equalizer? Simply speaking: Every feature where you would flip a switch or check a box in a fancy looking interface in Windows that makes the sound change from neutral to fancy.

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• Input/Output console window in XNA

  - by Will Bagley

  I am currently making a simple game in XNA but am at a point where testing various aspect gets a bit tricky, especially when you have to wait till you have 1000 score to see if your animation is playing correctly etc. Of course i could just edit the starting variable in the code before I launched but I have recently been interested in trying to implement a console style window which can print out values and take input to alter public variables during run-time. I am aware that VS has the immediate window which achieves a similar thing but i would prefer mine is an actual part of the game with the intention that the user may have limited access to it in the future. Some of the key things i have yet to find an answer to after looking around for a while are: how i would support free text entry how i would access variables during runtime how i would edit these variable I have also read about using a property grid from windows form aps (and partially reflection) which looked like it could simplify a lot of things but i am not sure how I would get that running inside my XNA game window or how i would get it to not look out of place (as the visual aspect of is seems to be aimed just for development time viewing). All in all I'm quite open to any suggestions on how to approach this task as currently I'm not sure where to start. Thanks in advance.

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• Are certain problems solved more elegantly with AOP?

  - by Winston Ewert

  I've come across the idea of Aspect Oriented Programming, and I have some concerns with it. The basic idea seems to be that we want to take cross-cutting concerns which aren't well modularized using object and modularize them. That is all very fine and well. But the implementation of AOP seems to be that of modifying code from outside of the module. So, for example, an aspect could be written that changes what happens when a particular object is passed as a parameter in a function. This seems to go directly against the idea of modules. I should not be able to modify a module's behavior from outside of that module, otherwise the whole point of modules are overturned. But aspects seem to be doing exactly that! Basically, aspects seems to be a form of code patching. It may useful for some quick hacks; but, as a general principle perhaps its not something you want to do. Aspect Oriented Programming seems to me taking a bad practice and raising to a general design principle. Is AOP a good practice? Are certain programming problems solved more elegantly with AOP?

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• Oracle University Partner Enablement Update (15th November)

  - by swalker

  Two new OPN Only Boot Camps available The following OPN Only Boot Camps have just become available: 3-day Oracle Exadata 11g Technical Boot Camp: Prepares you for becoming an Oracle Exadata 11g Certified Implementation Specialist Currently scheduled in Germany, UK Available for scheduling in all countries Live Virtual Class dates: 15-17 Feb 12 & 16-18 May 12 5-day Oracle BI Enterprise Edition 11g Implementation Boot Camp Currently scheduled in Sweden Available for scheduling in all countries View the complete OPN Only Boot Camp schedule. Certification News: Java SE 7 Be one of the first to get Java SE 7 certified. The following exams have recently become available for beta testing: Exam Code and Title Certification Track 1Z1-805 Upgrade to Java SE 7 Programmer (Beta until 17-Dec-11 ) Oracle Certified Professional, Java SE 7 Programmer 1Z1-803 Java SE 7 Programmer I (Beta until 17-Dec-11 ) Oracle Certified Associate, Java SE 7 Programmer A beta exam offers you two distinct advantages: you will be one of the first to get certified you pay a lower price. Beta exams can be taken at any Pearson VUE Testing Center. New CoursesOracle University released several new courses recently. Please click here to find out more about the new course titles. Are you looking for insight from the Oracle University experts? Check out these Oracle University Newsletters: Technology Newsletters Applications Newsletters Stay Connected to Oracle University: LinkedIn OracleMix Twitter Facebook

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• Installing a new SQL Server instance fails

  - by Rubio

  I've previously in my setup installed SQL Server Express 2005. Now I've switched to SQL Server Express 2008. I updated the command line parameters to those documented for the latter. If the comp already has SQL Server Express 2008 installed, my installer should create a new instance. The command line parameters are as follows: /ACTION=Install /FEATURES=SQLEngine /QS /INSTANCENAME=ABCD /SECURITYMODE=SQL /SAPWD=CunningPassword The requested instance name does not exist on the target machine. This will end in an error -2068643838. The logs show the following error: "No features were installed during the setup execution. The requested features may already be installed." If I remove the /QS parameter and try to install interactively, I'll get as far as the Feature Selection page. The UI shows three options, Instance Features, Shared Features and Redistributable Features. Whatever I select, clicking Next results in the same error (There are validation errors on this page). Any ideas anyone?

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• How do I install 10.04 on a Vortex86DX embdedded system?

  - by mathematician1975

  I am trying to install Ubuntu on a Netcom NC-499 board that contains a Vortex86DX processor. The processor vendor claims support for Ubuntu 10.04 but I am having problems installing it. I am trying to install to a 8GB compact flash card attached to the board with an IDE connector, using a USB connection CD-Rom drive and a burned ISO image obtained from this link http://old-releases.ubuntu.com/releases/10.04.0/ubuntu-10.04.3-desktop-i386.iso . Installation proceeds up to the point of around 78% but during the stage where the installer informs me that it is "configuring apt", the installer terminates with a popup dialog containing the following "The installer encountered an unrecoverable error. A desktop session will now be run so that you may investigate the problem or try installing again." I have no idea what to do at this point. I am a Linux novice and I do not really know how to investigate the problems with the installation. I have configured the BIOS exactly according to how the vendor specifies and they assure me that this version is fully compatible with their hardware and yet I am unable to get a decent install. I am able to install Ubuntu 8.04 using exactly the same procedure successfully so I am sure there is no problem with my CD-Rom compatibility or the compact flash drive. Any help will be gratefully received.

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• Create MSDB Folders Through Code

  You can create package folders through SSMS, but you may also wish to do this as part of a deployment process or installation. In this case you will want programmatic method for managing folders, so how can this be done? The short answer is, go and look at the table msdb.dbo. sysdtspackagefolders90. This where folder information is stored, using a simple parent and child hierarchy format. To add new folder directly we just insert into the table - INSERT INTO dbo.sysdtspackagefolders90 ( folderid ,parentfolderid ,foldername) VALUES ( NEWID() -- New GUID for our new folder ,<<Parent Folder GUID>> -- Lookup the parent folder GUID if a child or another folder, or use the root GUID 00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000 ,<<Folder Name>>) -- New folder name There are also some stored procedures - sp_dts_addfolder sp_dts_deletefolder sp_dts_getfolder sp_dts_listfolders sp_dts_renamefolder To add a new folder to the root we could call the sp_dts_addfolder to stored procedure - EXEC msdb.dbo.sp_dts_addfolder @parentfolderid = '00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000' -- Root GUID ,@name = 'New Folder Name The stored procedures wrap very simple SQL statements, but provide a level of security, as they check the role membership of the user, and do not require permissions to perform direct table modifications.

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• Desktop Fun: Snow Covered Trees Wallpaper Collection

  - by Asian Angel

  Trees can become beautiful works of natural art when snow accumulates on them and make you feel as if you have stepped into another world when walking through them. So grab your jacket, gloves, and snowboots for a journey through this frosty scenery with our Snow Covered Trees Wallpaper Collection. Note: Click on the picture to see the full-size image—these wallpapers vary in size so you may need to crop, stretch, or place them on a colored background in order to best match them to your screen’s resolution. For more wallpapers be certain to see our great collections in the Desktop Fun section. Latest Features How-To Geek ETC HTG Projects: How to Create Your Own Custom Papercraft Toy How to Combine Rescue Disks to Create the Ultimate Windows Repair Disk What is Camera Raw, and Why Would a Professional Prefer it to JPG? The How-To Geek Guide to Audio Editing: The Basics How To Boot 10 Different Live CDs From 1 USB Flash Drive The 20 Best How-To Geek Linux Articles of 2010 Arctic Theme for Windows 7 Gives Your Desktop an Icy Touch Install LibreOffice via PPA and Receive Auto-Updates in Ubuntu Creative Portraits Peek Inside the Guts of Modern Electronics Scenic Winter Lane Wallpaper to Create a Relaxing Mood Access Your Web Apps Directly Using the Context Menu in Chrome The Deep – Awesome Use of Metal Objects as Deep Sea Creatures [Video]

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• How do I troubleshoot CanoScan LIDE20 on Ubuntu 9.10 in VirtualBox?

  - by kara-marfia

  This may be a VirtualBox question more than anything else. The host OS is Win7, which sees the scanner, but has no drivers for it. VirtualBox sees & recognizes the scanner as "Cannon Scan" and shows "state captured" when I hover over USB devices. Searching gives me many happy reports of this particular scanner being well supported, and that SANE should work with it immediately (also listedin the Supported Hardware List. I get "no devices available" from XSane... and I'm not sure where else I can check. I'd like to see if VirtualBox is telling the truth and find out if the USB port is actually being fed into the virtual OS. Can anyone point me in the right direction of where/how to do that in Ubuntu? Or other bright ideas. I'm starting with a little project to add some zing to my beginner linux studies - I'm sure I haven't checked some obvious things, because I don't know them yet. ;)

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• Debian no lib32asound2-plugins=1.0.25

  - by erai

  I compiled git wine 1.5.6 and the sound is not working correctly. winecfg gives a message: ALSA lib ../../pulse/pcm_pulse.c:995:(_snd_pcm_pulse_open) Unknown field handle_underrun err:winediag:AUDDRV_GetAudioEndpoint PulseAudio "default" -22 without handle_underrun. Audio may hang. Please upgrade to alsa_plugins >= 1.0.24 err:ole:CoInitializeEx Attempt to change threading model of this apartment from multi-threaded to apartment threaded But on wheezy there is no package lib32asound2-plugins 1.0.25 So, how do I build and package alsa-plugins to install to lib32? Or how do I use automake's configure to compile a 32bit lib on a 64 bit system. All I Need now is the libavcodec-dev for 32bit, but I don't understand. What is the 32bit libavcodec-dev package for amd64 debian?

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• What can be the cause of new bugs appearing somewhere else when a known bug is solved?

  - by MainMa

  During a discussion, one of my colleagues told that he has some difficulties with his current project while trying to solve bugs. "When I solve one bug, something else stops working elsewhere", he said. I started to think about how this could happen, but can't figure it out. I have sometimes similar problems when I am too tired/sleepy to do the work correctly and to have an overall view of the part of the code I was working on. Here, the problem seems to be for a few days or weeks, and is not related to the focus of my colleague. I can also imagine this problem arising on a very large project, very badly managed, where teammates don't have any idea of who does what, and what effect on other's work can have a change they are doing. This is not the case here neither: it's a rather small project with only one developer. It can also be an issue with old, badly maintained and never documented codebase, where the only developers who can really imagine the consequences of a change had left the company years ago. Here, the project just started, and the developer doesn't use anyone's codebase. So what can be the cause of such issue on a fresh, small-size codebase written by a single developer who stays focused on his work? What may help? Unit tests (there are none)? Proper architecture (I'm pretty sure that the codebase has no architecture at all and was written with no preliminary thinking), requiring the whole refactoring? Pair programming? Something else?

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• Davicom DM9601 USB LAN NIC Ubuntu 11.10 issue

  - by Gaurav_Java

  I have a davicom dm9601 USB ethernet card. When I plug in the device, it is detected and drivers are loaded, but I can't connect to internet using it. It works perfectly on XP, other laptop but not working on Ubuntu 11.10 How can I install the driver for this? I have tried many things But nothing is working. If I go to this link driver but not compiling or may I be doing something wrong. I found this one but don't know how to follow these steps . This is my lsusb output: Bus 001 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 002 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0002 Linux Foundation 2.0 root hub Bus 003 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 004 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 005 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 006 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 007 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 008 Device 001: ID 1d6b:0001 Linux Foundation 1.1 root hub Bus 002 Device 004: ID 064e:a103 Suyin Corp. Acer/HP Integrated Webcam [CN0314] Bus 003 Device 002: ID 08ff:1600 AuthenTec, Inc. AES1600 Bus 005 Device 002: ID 0a46:9601 Davicom Semiconductor, Inc. DM9601 Fast Ethernet Adapter Bus 006 Device 002: ID 046d:c045 Logitech, Inc. Optical Mouse Bus 003 Device 003: ID 0a5c:2101 Broadcom Corp. Bluetooth Controller Bus 004 Device 002: ID 04d9:1702 Holtek Semiconductor, Inc. But when I connected my Internet from different system its start working.

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• Is it worth running nessus as well as OpenVAS?

  - by kdt

  Apparently OpenVAS originated as a fork of Nessus. It is very easy to install and use OpenVAS because it's, well, open. However, am I kidding myself if I just use that instead of Nessus? Should I be using both, or if I use Nessus then is OpenVAS surplus to requirements? To break it down into non-subjective sub-questions: * Is openvas a superset or subset of nessus? * Is one updated more often than the other? * Does one have a bigger vulnerability database than the other? * ...or are there other qualitative differences that I may be missing?

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• How to Setting up Amazon EC2 with own OS and DB?

  - by SLim

  i got my own version of OS and DB which are window server 2008 Hyper-V R2 and Sql server R2 2008 both in enterprise version may i know how to configure it up and running ? with amazon EC2, what other is a must combination to make it run ? also how could i install the operating system and DNS ? i never doing server before, but i just need something like VPS to support my development and testing. Amazon Ec2 seem the best and cheapest service due to only $1 per hour.

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• The remote server returned an error: 227 Entering Passive Mode

  - by hmloo

  Today while uploading file to FTP sever, the codes throw an error - "The remote server returned an error: 227 Entering Passive Mode", after research, I got some knowledge in FTP working principle. FTP may run in active or passive mode, which determines how the data connection is established. Active mode: command connection: client >1024  -> server 21 data connection:    client >1024  <-  server 20 passive mode: command connection: client > 1024 -> server 21 data connection:    client > 1024 <- server > 1024 In active mode, the client connects from a random unprivileged port (N > 1023) to the FTP server's command port(default port 21). If the client needs to transfer data, the client will use PORT command to tell the server:"hi, I opened port XXXX, please connect to me." and then server will use port 20 to initiate the data connection to that client port number. In passive mode, the client connects from a random unprivileged port (N > 1023) to the FTP server's command port(default port 21). If the client needs to transfer data, the sever will tell the client:"hi, I opened port XXXX , please connect to me." and then client will initiate the data connection to that sever port number. In a nutshell, active mode is used to have the server connect to the client, and passive mode is used to have the client connect to the server. So if your FTP server is configured to work in active mode only or the firewalls between your client and the server are blocking the data port range, then you will get error message, to fix this issue, just set System.Net.FtpWebRequest property UsePassive = false. Hope this helps! Thanks for reading!

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• How to efficiently protect part of an application with a license

  - by Patrick

  I am working on an application that has many functional parts. When a customer buys the application, he buys the standard functionality, but he can also buy some additional elements of the application for an additional price. All of the elements are part of the same application executable. A license key is used to indicate which of the elements should be accessible in the application. Some of the elements can be easily disabled if the user didn't pay for it. These are typically the modules that you can access via the application's menu. However, some elements give more problems: What if a part of the data model is related to an optional part? Do I build up these data structures in my application so the rest of my application can just assume they're always there? Or do I don't build them, and add checks in the rest of may application? What if some optional part is still useful to perform some internal tasks, but I don't want to expose it to the user externally? What if the marketing responsible wants to make a standard part now an optional part? In all of my application I assume that that part is present, but if it becomes optional, I should add checks on it everywhere in the application. I have some ideas on how to solve some of the problems (e.g. interfaces with dual implementations: one working implementation, and one that is activated if the optional part is not activated). Do you know of any patterns that can be used to solve this kind of problem? Or do you have any suggestions on how to handle this licensing problem? Thanks.

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• How to change windows bootloader target folder

  - by ST3

  Here is described part of windows boot process. I would like to ask if there is a way to change boot folder, I mean to use something else instead of C:\WINDOWS. And of course that something else is a copy of Windows directory. It looks like bcdedit is good for that purpose but I'm not sure how to use that. That I want is to change path, which currently is \Windows\system32\winload.exe to \Windows Copy\system32\winload.exe Another thing I have found out is registry, HKLM\BCD00000000\Objects\{df90fe29-c40d-11e2-a7bb-92410b6e649d}\Elements\12000002::Element value is \Windows\system32\winload.exe so changing this also may be promising. But I'm not sure if I should change registry value and don't know how to use bcdedit, so any related help will be appreciated.

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• SharePoint / SQL Server "out of memory" error

  - by aardvark

  After months of preparation, we launched a new SharePoint intranet portal today. Immediately, some users began getting a "server out of memory" error when they tried to log in. The SharePoint server appeared to be fine, but the SQL Server was reporting 100% memory use. (It has 4 GB.) We rebooted the server and have not had further memory problems, though memory usage is hovering around 60% or above. I'm not convinced that we have solved the problem; I suspect it may return Monday morning when the whole staff tries to log in again. I'm not a database guy, and I'm stumped about how to troubleshoot this. Do we need more memory, or is there somewhere I should look to reduce memory usage?

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• iMac invalid memory access and then crash?

  - by Sam McAfee

  My iMac G5 from a few years ago (the square white one) dies now, with a message about an invalid memory access. It goes straight to an Open Firmware prompt and doesn't even load the Mac OS at all. Am I correct in guessing that the memory is probably the issue, and that if I replace it, we may be able to boot again as normal? That's my gut feeling anyway, so I ordered some more memory and plan to swap it today. Any thoughts? Ideas?

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• to measure throughput of testing device connect to server via AP

  - by samantha

  Description of project- I have a test tool to which DUT connects. The test tool has an access point in it and once DUT get connected to it via mac address we check RSSI and some other features of WiFi of DUT. Now I am wondering is there is any way I can measure throughput of Device under test via mac address of DUT from server side. Test-tool has LINUX fedora 11 in it and major coding is done in c/C++ and json command. Previously, I have tried to install ftp server on test-tool and DUT can connect to it and we can measure the throughput or data transfer rate, but this is not feasible solution as it requires lot of intervention from DUT. What I am interested in is 1) To run some script on server side /test tool and it gives me throughput of bandwidth of connected device may be via mac address of DUT OR 2) Server script transfer some files/packets to DUT and we can measure the throughput. Coding is not a major challenge at this stage , I just need some tool which requires minimum intervention from DUT.

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• Trying to recover deleted Ubuntu partition

  - by user110984

  I made a mistake in logging into my 200 GB Ubuntu partition. I could not access Grub after that. Using a live CD I then ran Boot_Repair and apparently deleted the partition, I guess because I ran it from my 70 GB Windows partition. I can send the results of boot_info before that and of Boot_Repair. Then I ran TestDisk, which apparently found only dev/sda/ -320GB / 298 / GiB - WDC - WD3200BEVT-22A23T0 (Was there any more I could have done with TestDisk? I looked at the TestDisk_Step_By_Step example and found no way forward given that no other partitions turned up) I have run gpart and found this: /sda1 - 15 GB /sda2 - system reserved /sda3 - 70.15 GB /sda4 - extended 212.84 unallocated - 209.10 /sda5 - unknown 3.74 . I have been told I can recover the partition using gparted's Rescue start end command, but I don't know what to enter for start and end. [--EDIT: TestDisk Deeper Search stated that "the following partitions can't be recovered" and listed a 220-GB Linux partition 6 times. Then it stated that "The current number of heads per cylinder is 255 but the correct value may be 128" and I could try to change it in the Geometry menu (because apparently these are overlapping partitions) So should I do that?--]

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• Per-vertex animation with VBOs: Stream each frame or use index offset per frame?

  - by charstar

  Scenario Meshes are animated using either skeletons (skinned animation) or some form of morph targets (i.e. per-vertex key frames). However, in either case, the animations are known in full at load-time, that is, there is no physics, IK solving, or any other form of in-game pose solving. The number of character actions (animations) will be limited but rich (hand-animated). There may be multiple characters using a each mesh and its animations simultaneously in-game (they will be at different poses/keyframes at the same time). Assume color and texture coordinate buffers are static. Goal To leverage the richness of well vetted animation tools such as Blender to do the heavy lifting for a small but rich set of animations. I am aware of additive pose blending like that from Naughty Dog and similar techniques but I would prefer to expend a little RAM/VRAM to avoid implementing a thesis-ready pose solver. I would also like to avoid implementing a key-frame + interpolation curve solver (reinventing Blender vertex groups and IPOs). Current Considerations Much like a non-shader-powered pose solver, create a VBO for each character and copy vertex and normal data to each VBO on each frame (VBO in STREAMING). Create one VBO for each animation where each frame (interleaved vertex and normal data) is concatenated onto the VBO. Then each character simply has a buffer pointer offset based on its current animation frame (e.g. pointer offset = (numVertices+numNormals)*frameNumber). (VBO in STATIC) Known Trade-Offs In 1 above: Each VBO would be small but there would be many VBOs and therefore lots of buffer binding and vertex copying each frame. Both client and pipeline intensive. In 2 above: There would be few VBOs therefore insignificant buffer binding and no vertex data getting jammed down the pipe each frame, but each VBO would be quite large. Are there any pitfalls to number 2 (aside from finite memory)? Are there other methods that I am missing?

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