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• Obstacle Avoidance steering behavior: how can an entity avoid an obstacle while other forces are acting on the entity?

  - by Prog

  I'm trying to implement the Obstacle Avoidance steering behavior in my 2D game. Currently my approach is to apply a force on the entity, in the direction of the normal of the heading, scaled by a number that gets bigger the closer we are to the obstacle. This is supposed to push the entity to the side and avoid the obstacle that blocks it's way. However, in the same time that my entity tries to avoid an obstacle, it Seeks to a point more or less behind the obstacle (which is the reason it needs to avoid the obstacle in the first place). The Seek algorithm constantly applies a force on the entity that pushes it (more or less) in the direction of the obstacle, while the Obstacle Avoidance algorithm constantly applies a force that pushes the entity away (more accurately, to the side) of the obstacle. The result is that sometimes the entity succesfully avoids the obstacle, and sometimes it collides with it, depending on the strength of the avoidance force I'm applying. How can I make sure that a force will succeed in steering the entity in some direction, while other forces are currently acting on the entity? (And while still looking natural). I can't allow entities to collide with obstacles when realistically they should be able to easily avoid them, doesn't matter what they're currently doing. Also, the Obstacle Avoidance algorithm is made exactly for the case where another force is acting on the entity. Otherwise it wouldn't be moving and there would be no need to avoid anything. So maybe I'm missing something. Thanks

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• Mapping dynamic buffers in Direct3D11 in Windows Store apps

  - by Donnie

  I'm trying to make instanced geometry in Direct3D11, and the ID3D11DeviceContext1->Map() call is failing with the very helpful error of "Invalid Parameter" when I'm attempting to update the instance buffer. The buffer is declared as a member variable: Microsoft::WRL::ComPtr<ID3D11Buffer> m_instanceBuffer; Then I create it (which succeeds): D3D11_BUFFER_DESC instanceDesc; ZeroMemory(&instanceDesc, sizeof(D3D11_BUFFER_DESC)); instanceDesc.Usage = D3D11_USAGE_DYNAMIC; instanceDesc.ByteWidth = sizeof(InstanceData) * MAX_INSTANCE_COUNT; instanceDesc.BindFlags = D3D11_BIND_VERTEX_BUFFER; instanceDesc.CPUAccessFlags = D3D11_CPU_ACCESS_WRITE; instanceDesc.MiscFlags = 0; instanceDesc.StructureByteStride = 0; DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dDevice->CreateBuffer(&instanceDesc, NULL, &m_instanceBuffer)); However, when I try to map it: D3D11_MAPPED_SUBRESOURCE inst; DX::ThrowIfFailed(d3dContext->Map(m_instanceBuffer.Get(), 0, D3D11_MAP_WRITE, 0, &inst)); The map call fails with E_INVALIDARG. Nothing is NULL incorrectly, and this being one of my first D3D apps I'm currently stumped on what to do next to track it down. I'm thinking I must be creating the buffer incorrectly, but I can't see how. Any input would be appreciated.

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• Texturize a shape of multiple triangles in 2D

  - by Deukalion

  This is an example of a shape consisting of multiple points, triangles and eventually a shape: Red Dots = Vector3 (X, Y, Z) or Vector2 (X, Y) If I have a Texture of a certain size, how do I texturize this area in the best way so that the texture inside the shape matches the shape and does not overlap anywhere? Perhaps also with a chance to scale the texture in case it's too small or to big for the shape, but still so that it gets rendered correctly. Do I treat the shape as a rectangle? Figure out it's 4 corners? Or do I calculate the distance between Center - (Texture Width / 2) and Point (to see how "many" times the texture can fit between on that axis to estimate at what Coordinates the Texture should be at that certain point? I've looked at Texture Mapping but haven't found any concrete examples that it explains it well, it's also confusing with 0.0-1.0 values for Texture Coordinates.

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• 3D Vector "End Point" Calculation for procedural Vector Graphics

  - by FrostFlame64

  Alright, So I need some help with some Vector Math. I've developing some game Engines that have Procedural Fractal Generation for Some Graphics, such as using Lindenmayer Systems for generating Trees and Plants. L-Systems, are drawn by using Turtle Graphics, which is a form of Vector graphics. I first created a system to draw in 2D Graphics, which works perfectly fine. But now I want to make a 3D equivalent, and I’ve run into an issue. For my 2D Version, I created a Method for quickly determining the “End Point” of a Vector-like movement. Given a starting point (X, Y), a direction (between 0 and 360 degrees), and a distance, the end point is calculated by these formulas: newX = startX + distance * Sin((PI * direction) / 180) newY = startY + distance * Cos((PI * direction) / 180) Now I need something Similarly Equivalent for performing this Calculation in 3D, But I haven’t been able to Google anything that could show me how to do this. I'm flexible enough to get whatever required information is needed for this method calculation, in any reasonable form (Vector3, Quaternion, ect). To summarize: Given a starting point/vector position in 3D space (X, Y, Z), a Direction in 3D space (Vector3, Quaternion, ect), and a Distance, I need to find the “End Point” in 3D Space. Thank you for your time and help.

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• Representing heightmaps, on disk and when drawing

  - by gardian06

  This is a conglomeration question when answering please specify which part you are addressing. I am looking at creating a maze type game that utilizes elevation. I have a few features I would like to have, but am unsure as to some of the implementation. I have done work doing fileIO maze generation (using a key to read the file, and then generate the level based on that file), but I am unsure how to think about this with elevation in the mix. I think height maps might be a good approach, but don't know how to represent them effectively. for a height map which is more beneficial XML(containing h[u,v] data and key definition), CSV (item1 is key reference, item2 is elevation), or another approach that I have not thought of yet? When it comes to placing the elevation values themselves what kind of deltah values are appropriate to have it noticeable at about a 60degree angle while not really effecting gravity driven physics (assuming some effect while moving up/down hill)? I am thinking of maybe going to procedural generation at some point, but am wondering if it is practical to have a procedurally generated grid (wall squares possibly same dimensions as the open space squares), or if designing to a thin wall open spaces is better? this decision will effect the amount of work need on the graphics end for uniform vs. irregular walls. EDIT: Game will be a elevation maze shooter. Levels/maps will be mazes with elevation the player has to negotiate. Elevations will have effects on "combat" vision, and movement.

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• Split vector vs matrix notation for transformation

  - by seahorse

  Some rendering engines like Ogre prefer to use a individual vector based notation for transformations like the following Split vector notation: Net Transformation is represented by Scale vector = sx, sy, sz Transformation vector = tx, ty, tz Rotation Quaternion Vector = w,x,y,z Matrix notation: There are other engines which simply use a net combined transformation matrix. What are the advantages of the first notation over the second? Also for animation interpolation does it work in the first notation that we interpolate across the individual components and use the interpolated parts to get the net transformation? Is this another advantage?

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• How do I calculate opposite of a vector, add some slack

  - by Jason94

  How can i calulate a valid range (RED) for my object's (BLACK) traveling direction (GREEN). The green is a Vector2 where x and y range is -1 to 1. What I'm trying to do here is to create rocket fuel burn effekt. So what i got is rocket speed (float) rocket direction (Vector2 x = [-1, 1], y = [-1, 1]) I may think that rocket speed does not matter as fuel burn effect (particle) is created on position with its own speed.

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• Smooth vector based jump

  - by Esa

  I started working on Wolfire's mathematics tutorials. I got the jumping working well using a step by step system, where you press a button and the cube moves to the next point on the jumping curve. Then I tried making the jumping happen during a set time period e.g the jump starts and lands within 1.5 seconds. I tried the same system I used for the step by step implementation, but it happens instantly. After some googling I found that Time.deltatime should be used, but I could not figure how. Below is my current jumping code, which makes the jump happen instantly. while (transform.position.y > 0) { modifiedJumperVelocity -= jumperDrag; transform.position += new Vector3(modifiedJumperVelocity.x, modifiedJumperVelocity.y, 0); } Where modifiedJumperVelocity is starting vector minus the jumper drag. JumperDrag is the value that is substracted from the modifiedJumperVelocity during each step of the jump. Below is an image of the jumping curve:

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• Farseer: Cutting body from texture

  - by Robin Betka

  Is it possible to cut a body from a texture in Farseer 3.0? I have a texture converted to a body with multiple fixtures ( using BayazitDecomposer, CreatePolygon method, ..) and can even do it as a BreakableBody. But when I try to cut it with the cutting tool, the fixture itself gets cutted but it's connections get discarded! So when I have 14 fixtures, and cut fixture 3 for example, fixture 3 gets cutted but 1,2 and 3-14 just go away. Is there a way to do it? It would work already if I could convert the texture into a body with 1 fixture only, but I haven't figured out it that's possible. BayazitDecomposer creates the multiple verticles, but letting it away creates something weird and I get assert messages all the time. I know I couldn't break it that way but I don't need that anyway when I could cut it. The breaking is just the work around I'm using now. Extending the cuttingtool to support multiple fixtures is very hard especially when you consider that in one cut multiple fixtures could be cutted and then connected again.

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• How would I achieve diablo like 2D isometric projection?

  - by Darestium

  Good day, I am in the process of coming up with an idea for a game, and I would like it to be isometric like Diablo. The problem is I have no idea how it achieves the effect of height like in the following screenshot (on the columns): http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/2/20/Diabloscreen.jpg/350px-Diabloscreen.jpg but whatever the case, I'm sure it is going to be harder to achieve then creating a traditional isometric game, but any ideas regarding the topic would be greatly appreciated.

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• Boat passing under a bridge in a 2D tile based RTS

  - by aleguna

  I'm writing a 2D tile based RTS. And I want to add a 'pseudo 3D' feature to it - bridges over the rivers. I havent't start any coding yet, just trying to think how it fits the collision detection model. A boat passing under the bridge and a unit moving over the bridge will eventually occupy the same cell on the map. How to prement them from colliding? Is there a common approach to solve such a problem? Or I need to implement a 3D world to do this?

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• XNA Skinned Animated Mesh Rendering Exported from Maya

  - by Devin Garner

  I am working on translating an old RTS game engine I wrote from DirectX9 to XNA. My old models didn't have animation & are an old format, so I'm trying with an FBX file. I temporarily "borrowed" a model from League of Legends just to test if my rendering is working correctly. I imported the mesh/bones/skin/animation into Maya 2012 using an "unnamed" 3rd-party import tool. (obviously I'll have to get legit models later, but I just want to test if my programming is correct). Everything looks correct in maya and it renders the animations flawlessly. I exported everything into a single FBX file (with only a single animation). I then tried to load this model using the example at the following site: http://create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/skinned_model With my exported FBX, the animation looks correct for most of the frames, however at random times it screws up for a split second. Basically, the body/arms/head will look right, but the leg/foot will shoot out to a random point in space for a second & then go back to the normal position. The original FBX from the sample looks correct in my program. It seems odd that my model was imported into maya wrong, since it displays fine in Maya. So, I'm thinking either I'm exporting it wrong, or the sample code is bad & the model from the sample caters to the samples bad code. I'm new to 3D programming & maya, so chances are I'm doing something wrong in the export. I'm using mostly the defaults, but I've tried all 3 interpolation modes (quaternion, euler, resample). Thanks

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• How should I show shared resources during a Shared Resource game in the Galaxy Editor?

  - by Mag Roader

  One of my favorite ways to play the original StarCraft was in a "Team" game. In this game type, multiple players on the same "team" would share control, resources, supply, and even the same starting location. It was like playing as 1 player, only 2 humans were controlling it. It was a lot of fun. I want to do something very similar in StarCraft 2, but I need to create a custom map in the Galaxy Editor to do it. I found the editor can quite easily emulate this behavior. There is a Trigger action "Set Alliance for Player Group" to "...treat each other as Ally With Shared Vision, Control, And Spending." To use this, I create units for only 1 of the players, and then set all players to be allied with each other in this way. All the other players get no units and no resources. This makes it so 1 player is the actual owner of all the units and everyone else is tagging along with full control. This nearly works! The problem is that if I am not the actual owning player, I can't actually see how many minerals/gas/supply the team has. This makes it pretty difficult to build stuff. What would be the best way to display to the other players how many Minerals/Gas/Supply the team has?

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• How to manage my model

  - by Christophe Debove

  I have in my model, a list of Classes : Player, NonPlayerCharacter, Monster, Item, NonMovableItem etc With AndEngine I've a list of sprite for each piece of my model, How can I manage the relashionship between my model's classes and the graphical elements, what is the degree of abstaction recommended for my problem? One sprite for one Model or one Model for one Sprite or n for n for exemple If I do drag&drop have I to make abstraction of the Sprite Class, another exemple a map is a List of sprite or a list of element of my model?

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• Changing Ogre3D terrain lighting in real time

  - by lezebulon

  I'm looking at the Ogre 3D library and I'm browsing through some examples / tutorials. My question is about terrain. There are a few examples showing how great the terrain system is, but I think that the global illumination and shadows of the terrain have to be pre-computed, which kinda makes it impossible to integrate this with a day / night cycle. Is there a way to change the terrain light sources in real time? If so it is possible to do it and keep a decent FPS?

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• ScreenManagement how do I had different controls?

  - by DiasFrancisco

  I saw a question here using DataTemplates with WPF for ScreenManagement, I was curious and I gave it a try I think the ideia is amazing and very clean. Though I'm new to WPF and I read a lot of times that almost everything should be made in XAML and very little should be "coded behind". My questions resolves about using the datatemplate ideia, WHERE should the code that calls the transitions be? where should I define which commands are avaiable in which screens. For example: [ScreenA] Commands: Pressing B - Goes to state B Pressing ESC - Exits [ScreenB] Commands: Pressing A - Goes to state A Pressing SPACE - Exits where do I define the keyEventHandlers? and where do I call the next screen? I'm doing this as an hobby for learning and "if you are learning, better learn it right" :) Thank you for your time.

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• Trouble exporting Maya models to Panda3D?

  - by Aerovistae

  Having issues here. I added the Panda3D exporter script thing to Maya. 2 things: When I go to export to a .egg, no .egg is formed. Instead a fileToBeExported_temp.mb appears next to the original fileToBeExported.ma. My models use curving meshes with many subdivisions, easily in the thousands, like on the smoothed tentacles of an octopus. Will Panda be able to handle this in the first place? I can't find out on my own since it won't export.

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• Using MVC with a retained mode renderer

  - by David Gouveia

  I am using a retained mode renderer similar to the display lists in Flash. In other words, I have a scene graph data structure called the Stage to which I add the graphical primitives I would like to see rendered, such as images, animations, text. For simplicity I'll refer to them as Sprites. Now I'm implementing an architecture which is becoming very similar to MVC, but I feel that that instead of having to create View classes, that the sprites already behave pretty much like Views (except for not being explicitly connected to the Model). And since the Model is only changed through the Controller, I could simply update the view together with the Model in the controller, as in the example below: Example 1 class Controller { Model model; Sprite view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = view.Position = position; } } The alternative, I think, would be to create View classes that wrap the sprites, make the model observable, and make the view react to changes on the model. This seems like a lot of extra work and boilerplate code, and I'm not seeing the benefits if I'm just going to have one view per controller. Example 2 class Controller { Model model; View view; void TeleportTo(Vector2 position) { model.Position = position; } } class View { Model model; Sprite sprite; View() { model.PropertyChanged += UpdateView; } void UpdateView() { sprite.Position = model.Position; } } So, how is MVC or more specifically, the View, usually implemented when using a retained-mode renderer? And is there any reason why I shouldn't stick with example 1?

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• Map and fill texture using PBO (OpenGL 3.3)

  - by NtscCobalt

  I'm learning OpenGL 3.3 trying to do the following (as it is done in D3D)... Create Texture of Width, Height, Pixel Format Map texture memory Loop write pixels Unmap texture memory Set Texture Render Right now though it renders as if the entire texture is black. I can't find a reliable source for information on how to do this though. Almost every tutorial I've found just uses glTexSubImage2D and passes a pointer to memory. Here is basically what my code does... (In this case it is generating an 1-byte Alpha Only texture but it is rendering it as the red channel for debugging) GLuint pixelBufferID; glGenBuffers(1, &pixelBufferID); glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, pixelBufferID); glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 512 * 512 * 1, nullptr, GL_STREAM_DRAW); glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0); GLuint textureID; glGenTextures(1, &textureID); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, GL_R8, 512, 512, 0, GL_RED, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, nullptr); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, textureID); glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, pixelBufferID); void *Memory = glMapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, GL_WRITE_ONLY); // Memory copied here, I know this is valid because it is the same loop as in my working D3D version glUnmapBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER); glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_UNPACK_BUFFER, 0); And then here is the render loop. // This chunk left in for completeness glUseProgram(glProgramId); glBindVertexArray(glVertexArrayId); glBindBuffer(GL_ARRAY_BUFFER, glVertexBufferId); glEnableVertexAttribArray(0); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 3, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 20, 0); glVertexAttribPointer(0, 2, GL_FLOAT, GL_FALSE, 20, 12); GLuint transformLocationID = glGetUniformLocation(3, 'transform'); glUniformMatrix4fv(transformLocationID , 1, true, somematrix) // Not sure if this is all I need to do glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, pTex->glTextureId); GLuint textureLocationID = glGetUniformLocation(glProgramId, "texture"); glUniform1i(textureLocationID, 0); glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLES, Offset*3, Triangles*3); Vertex Shader #version 330 core in vec3 Position; in vec2 TexCoords; out vec2 TexOut; uniform mat4 transform; void main() { TexOut = TexCoords; gl_Position = vec4(Position, 1.0) * transform; } Pixel Shader #version 330 core uniform sampler2D texture; in vec2 TexCoords; out vec4 fragColor; void main() { // Output color fragColor.r = texture2D(texture, TexCoords).r; fragColor.g = 0.0f; fragColor.b = 0.0f; fragColor.a = 1.0; }

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• Calculating a child Position, Rotation and Scale values?

  - by Sergio Plascencia

  I am making my own game editor(just for fun) anyway I have problem that I had several days trying to resolve but I have been unsuccessful. Here goes... I have an object "A": Position: (3,3,3), Rotation: (45,10,0), Scale(1,2,2.5) And an object "B": Position: (1,1,1), Rotation: (10,34,18), Scale(1.5,2,1) I now make a parent/child relationship. "B" is a child of "A": A |--B When I do the relationship I need to re-calculate the Child("B") Position, Rotation and Scale such that it maintains its current position, rotation and scale(Location in world). So for child position "B" it would now be (-2, -2, -2) since now "A" it is center and (-2, -2, -2) will keep the object in its same position. I think I got the Position and scale figure out, but rotation I cant. So I was trying to figure out what to do and what I did is opened Unity and run the same example and I did noticed that when making an abject a child object the child object did not moved at all but had its Position, Rotation and Scale values changed(Related to the parent). For example: Unity (Parent Object "A"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (45,10,0) Scale: (1,1,1) Unity (Child Object "B"): Position: (0,0,0) Rotation: (0,0,0) Scale: (1,1,1) When making it a parent child relation("B" is a child of "A") the child object("B") in its Rotation values now has: X: -44.13605 Y: -14.00195 Z: 9.851074 If I plug the same values to my editor(To the child "B" rotation X, Y, Z values) the object does not move at all. So I basically need to know how did Unity arrive at those rotation values for the child(What are the calculations?). If you can help and put all the equations for the Position, Rotation or Scale then I can double check I am doing it correctly but with the Rotation I really need help. Thanks!

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• Is a Single Texture Cube Map Possible?

  - by smoth190

  I'm currently developing a test project to explore OpenGL 3 texturing abilities. I have a simple cube, made of 8 vertices and 36 indices. I want each of the cubes faces to have a different texture, so I devised this texture: I made it obvious which sections I want visible (I hope...). In Direct3D, I once made a skybox, and I used a cubemap. However, I had to split it into 6 different textures. This is annoying and hard to manage, it would be nice to have just one texture. Is this even possible? I read somewhere that I could do this by duplicating vertices, is that a good idea? Someone else said I could do it in the shader, but that also baffles me...

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• How can I selectively update XNA GameComponents?

  - by Bill

  I have a small 2D game I'm working on in XNA. So far, I have a player-controlled ship that operates on vector thrust and is terribly fun to spin around in circles. I've implemented this as a DrawableGameComponent and registered it with the game using game.Components.Add(this) in the Ship object constructor. How can I implement features like pausing and a menu system with my current implementation? Is it possible to set certain GameComponents to not update? Is this something for which I should even be using a DrawableGameComponent? If not, what are more appropriate uses for this?

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• Are there any alternative JS ports of Box2D?

  - by Petteri Hietavirta

  I have been thinking about creating a top down 2D car game for HTML5. For my first game I wrote the physics and collisions my self but for this one I would like to use some ready made library. I found out Box2D and its JS port. http://box2d-js.sourceforge.net It seems to be quite old port, made in 2008. Is it lacking many features of current Box2D or does it have major issues with it? And are there any alternatives for it?

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• Vertex fog producing black artifacts

  - by Nick

  I originally posted this question on the XNA forums but got no replies, so maybe someone here can help: I am rendering a textured model using the XNA BasicEffect. When I enable fog, the model outline is still visible as many small black dots when it should be "in the fog". Why is this happening? Here's what it looks like for me -- http://tinypic.com/r/fnh440/6 Here is a minimal example showing my problem: (the ship model that this example uses is from the chase camera sample on this site -- http://xbox.create.msdn.com/en-US/education/catalog/sample/chasecamera -- in case anyone wants to try it out ;)) public class Game1 : Microsoft.Xna.Framework.Game { GraphicsDeviceManager graphics; SpriteBatch spriteBatch; Model model; public Game1() { graphics = new GraphicsDeviceManager(this); Content.RootDirectory = "Content"; } protected override void LoadContent() { // Create a new SpriteBatch, which can be used to draw textures. spriteBatch = new SpriteBatch(GraphicsDevice); // TODO: use this.Content to load your game content here model = Content.Load<Model>("ship"); foreach (ModelMesh mesh in model.Meshes) { foreach (BasicEffect be in mesh.Effects) { be.EnableDefaultLighting(); be.FogEnabled = true; be.FogColor = Color.CornflowerBlue.ToVector3(); be.FogStart = 10; be.FogEnd = 30; } } } protected override void Draw(GameTime gameTime) { GraphicsDevice.Clear(Color.CornflowerBlue); // TODO: Add your drawing code here model.Draw(Matrix.Identity * Matrix.CreateScale(0.01f) * Matrix.CreateRotationY(3 * MathHelper.PiOver4), Matrix.CreateLookAt(new Vector3(0, 0, 30), Vector3.Zero, Vector3.Up), Matrix.CreatePerspectiveFieldOfView(MathHelper.PiOver4, 16f/9f, 1, 100)); base.Draw(gameTime); } }

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• Isometric Screen View to World View

  - by Sleepy Rhino

  I am having trouble working out the math to transform the screen coordinates to the Grid coordinates. The code below is how far I have got but it is totally wrong any help or resources to fix this issue would be great, had a complete mind block with this for some reason. private Point ScreenToIso(int mouseX, int mouseY) { int offsetX = WorldBuilder.STARTX; int offsetY = WorldBuilder.STARTY; Vector2 startV = new Vector2(offsetX, offsetY); int mapX = offsetX - mouseX; int mapY = offsetY - mouseY + (WorldBuilder.tileHeight / 2); mapY = -1 * (mapY / WorldBuilder.tileHeight); mapX = (mapX / WorldBuilder.tileHeight) + mapY; return new Point(mapX, mapY); }

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